Abstract: A friction stir welded structure includes first and second members. The first member has a base defining opposed first and second surfaces, and spaced first and second walls extending outwardly from the second surface of the base to define a receptacle therebetween. The second member includes an elongate rib extending from a root portion to a first tip portion, the root portion having a uniform root portion thickness and the first tip portion having a first tip portion thickness not greater than the root portion thickness. The first tip portion is sized for insertion into the receptacle and shaped conformally with the receptacle so that the first tip portion engages a closed end of the receptacle. A friction stir weld joint extends through the base and at least portions of the first and second walls of the first member and into the first tip portion of the second member, thereby to join the first and second members.

Abstract: A joining method is capable of suitably joining metal members of different kinds. The joining method includes a step of preparing a first metal member having a first upper surface, a first lower surface and a first inclined surface connecting the first upper surface and the first lower surface, and a second metal member having a second upper surface, a second lower surface and a second inclined surface connecting the second upper surface and the second lower surface. The second metal member has a higher melting temperature than the first metal member. A butting interface is formed by butting the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface. The first and second metal members are joined by moving a rotary tool along the butting interface while the rotary tool is inserted from the first upper surface and a stirring pin is in contact with the first metal member.

Abstract: A friction stir welding apparatus that includes a rotary tool and a heating device. The heating device is placed in front of the rotary tool to heat steel sheets that are used as a workpiece. The rotary tool is moved in the welding direction so that steel sheet is softened by frictional heat. Additionally, the surface temperature, the area, and the position of the heated region during the heating process are strictly controlled. The heating of the steel sheets by the welding apparatus provides sufficient strength and good welding workability by advantageously eliminating plastic flow defects generated due to insufficient heating of workpieces.

Abstract: A system (200) is provided, comprising a two-sided adapter (205), made of a Ni-based alloy, that is connected at each of the two sides with a different type of metal, e.g. steel (201, 202), and wherein the connection (203) of the different types of metal, e.g. steel (201, 202) with the adapter (205), wherein it is achieved at least in part by use of friction welding. A method for linking different types of metal, e.g. steel (201, 202) by using a two-sided adapter (205) as an intermediate, wherein at least one of the adapter-metal (e.g. steel) connections (203) is made by means of friction welding, is also provided.

Abstract: An SiC wafer is produced from a single crystal SiC ingot by a method that includes forming a plurality of breakable layers constituting a separation surface in the SiC ingot, each breakable layer including a modified layer and cracks extending from the modified layer along a c-plane, and separating part of the SiC ingot along the separation surface as an interface to thereby produce the SiC wafer. In forming the separation surface, the energy density of a pulsed laser beam is set to an energy density not causing the formation of an upper damage layer above the breakable layer previously formed due to the reflection of the pulsed laser beam from the breakable layer and not causing the formation of a lower damage layer below the breakable layer previously formed due to the transmission of the pulsed laser beam through the breakable layer.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for cutting metal workpieces in sheet form with a thickness of at least 2 mm. A laser beam is positioned in a nozzle opening of a cutting gas nozzle configured to cut via the laser beam and a cutting gas so that a beam axis of the laser beam along a direction of propagation of the laser beam is at least a distance of 3 mm from a rear opening wall portion of the nozzle opening. Cutting gas configured for concurrently exiting the nozzle opening with the laser beam is emitted through the nozzle opening at a cutting gas pressure (p) of at most 10 bar.

Abstract: This disclosure describes laser machining head gas nozzles that have an exit opening for passage of a laser beam onto a workpiece; an annular gap surrounding the exit opening; and a sleeve disposed and guided displaceably within the annular gap for axial displacement between a rearward and a forward position. The sleeve projects beyond the exit opening at least in the forward position, and the sleeve is tiltably mounted in the annular gap.

Abstract: A laser processing robot system and a laser processing method, by which the motion accuracy of a robot in the system can be improved and laser processing with high accuracy can be carried out. The robot system is configured to: execute a first robot motion for moving an laser irradiation device to a predetermined command position; measure an actual three-dimensional position of the irradiation device in the first robot motion; calculate a deviation between the command position and the measured actual three-dimensional position of the irradiation device in the first robot motion; store the calculated deviation as a time series of deviation data; and execute a second robot motion in which a robot motion similar to the first robot motion is executed while correcting the laser irradiation position so that the laser irradiation position coincides with a desired position, based on the stored deviation data.

Abstract: A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up that includes two or more overlapping metal workpieces is disclosed. The disclosed method includes directing a laser beam at a top surface of the workpiece stack-up to create a molten metal weld pool and, optionally, a keyhole, and further gyrating the laser beam to move a focal point of the laser beam along a helical path having a central helix axis oriented transverse to the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece stack-up. The gyration of the laser beam may even be practiced to move the focal point of the laser beam along a plurality of helical paths so as to alternately convey the focal point back-and-forth in a first overall axial direction and a second overall axial direction while advancing the laser beam relative to the top surface of the workpiece stack-up along a beam travel pattern.

Abstract: An acoustic wave is modified by initiating excitation of an acoustic wave from a first location on a substrate to a second location on the substrate and selectively heating the second location of the substrate so as to alter a property of the second location. With such arrangements, the altered property of the second location modifies the acoustic wave to result in a modified acoustic wave that is propagated from the second location to a third location on the substrate. Related apparatus, systems, and methods are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including a steel sheet having a steel sheet surface in which a groove, which extends in a direction intersecting a rolling direction and of which a groove depth direction matches a sheet thickness direction, is formed. When an average value of a groove depth in a sheet thickness direction at a central portion of the groove in a longitudinal groove direction is set as an average groove depth D, a straight line, which connects a first point at which a groove depth in the sheet thickness direction becomes 0.05×D and a second point at which the groove depth becomes 0.

Abstract: A vehicle body assembly system defines a preset pre-buck section and a preset main-buck section along a conveying route of a floor assembly, and may include: i) pre-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the pre-buck section, respectively, restrict lower portions of side assemblies, which vary in accordance with a type of vehicle, with respect to both sides of the floor assembly, and preassemble the lower portions of the side assemblies to the floor assembly by a first welding robot; and ii) main-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the main-buck section, respectively, restrict upper portions of the side assemblies preassembled by the pre-buck unit, and post-assemble vehicle body components to the upper portions of the side assemblies by a second welding robot.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy brazing sheet with a thickness of 0.30 nm or less, including: a core material; a sacrificial material cladding one surface of the core material; and a brazing material cladding the other surface of the core material, in which the core material is made of A1—Mn—Si-based aluminum alloy containing by mass %, Cu: 0.5 to 1.3%, the sacrificial material is made of aluminum alloy containing, by mass %, Zn: 4.0 to 7.0%, the hrazing material is made of aluminum alloy containing, by mass %, Si: 6.0 to 11.0% and Zn: 0.1 to 3.0%, in a pitting potential after brazing beat treatment, a thickness of a region in which a potential difference from the noblest potential in the core material is 100 mV or more is 10% to 50% of the thickness of the brazing sheet.

Abstract: Provided is a soldering system based on nickel, manganese, chromium, aluminum and titanium, a fracture free alternative to the soldering of nickel or cobalt-based alloys is created. Disclosed is an alloy which comprises, as alloy elements, at least the following (in % by weight): manganese, in particular from 10%-16%, very particularly preferably from 12% to 15%, chromium, in particular from 3% to 10%, very particularly preferably from 5% to 8%, aluminum, in particular from 1% to 6%, very particularly preferably from 2% to 4%, titanium, in particular from 1% to 6%, very particularly preferably from 2% to 4%, nickel, in particular nickel as balance, very particularly preferably nickel-based.

Abstract: A flux formulation includes an activator and a protic solvent. The activator may be glutaric acid, levulinic acid, 2-ketobutyric acid, 2-oxovaleric acid, or mixtures thereof. Suitable protic solvents include alkanediol, alkoxy propanol and alkoxy ethanol. The flux formulation may be a no-clean flux formulation that may be used in the soldering of electronic circuit board assemblies, for example, in conjunction with a support fixture having a planar back surface that minimizes vibrations during processing that might otherwise cause misalignment between a chip and a substrate prior to solder reflow.

Abstract: A method and a machine tool for processing workpieces is described, comprising a workpiece movement device and a workpiece support that supports both a workpiece during a processing operation and a workpiece remainder produced from the workpiece during the processing operation, wherein the workpiece support comprises a first support portion and an additional support portion, wherein the first support portion comprises a loading-side support portion arranged in a loading region of the machine tool, wherein the additional support portion is arranged to move relative to the loading-side support portion between the loading region and an unloading region of the machine tool, wherein the unloading region is offset in a horizontal direction from the loading region, wherein the loading-side support portion is arranged to move in a vertical direction between a loading level and a bypass level located above or below the loading level.

Abstract: A one-piece heat exchanger manufactured using an additive manufacturing process is described. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of channels formed therein. At least some of the plurality of channels may be configured to provide structural support to the heat exchanger to reduce its weight. Different coolant media may be used in a first set and a second set of the plurality of channels to provide different types of cooling in an integrated one-piece heat exchanger structure.

Abstract: A one-piece heat exchanger manufactured using an additive manufacturing process is described. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of channels formed therein. At least some of the plurality of channels may be configured to provide structural support to the heat exchanger to reduce its weight. Different coolant media may be used in a first set and a second set of the plurality of channels to provide different types of cooling in an integrated one-piece heat exchanger structure.

Abstract: A one-piece heat exchanger manufactured using an additive manufacturing process is described. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of channels formed therein. At least some of the plurality of channels may be configured to provide structural support to the heat exchanger to reduce its weight. Different coolant media may be used in a first set and a second set of the plurality of channels to provide different types of cooling in an integrated one-piece heat exchanger structure.

Abstract: Certain embodiments relate to a heat exchanger plate capable of performing friction stir welding at a deep position of the heat exchanger plate, and improving air-tightness and water-tightness. A method may include a lid groove closing process to insert a lid plate into a lid groove formed at a periphery of a concave groove opening to a surface of a base member. The method may also include a primary joining process to perform friction stirring while relatively moving a primary joining rotary tool equipped with a stirring pin along a butting portion of a side wall of the lid groove and a side surface of the lid plate. In the primary joining process, the rotating stirring pin may be inserted into the butting portion, and the friction stirring may be performed in a state of only the stirring pin being in contact with the base member and the lid plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides manufacturing method of a heat exchanger that, even if the position of a tube opening portion of a tube of a heat exchanger for which tube expansion is conducted, varies depending on the type of a heat exchanger, a mechanism adjusting the stop position of a flare plate as well as any complicated adjusting work therefor are not necessary and a heat exchanger in which flares in the same shape and in constant certain depth are formed at an opening portion of a tube of various kinds of heat exchangers having different total lengths in the longitudinal direction, and a device for a heat exchanger manufacturing method, and an air conditioner and/or outdoor unit thereof equipped with a heat exchanger manufactured using said manufacturing method.

Abstract: A cell for mounting components in a workpiece includes a pressing device for inserting at least two different components into a workpiece using pressure. The device includes: a press, a plurality of pushers and a striking plate. The pushers are situated vertically and configured to receive the force exerted by the press. One end of each pusher is configured to receive a component to be inserted in the workpiece. The striking plate is configured to bear the insertion stresses exerted by the press and includes a plurality of support points that may be moved until they are alternatively positioned in an aligned way with a pusher arranged coaxially to the press. The cell includes a robot provided with a claw, the robot being configured to hold the workpiece and position it in the pressing device.

Abstract: A supporting structure that supports a heat exchanger having a saddle is provided. The supporting structure includes a first supporting structure for supporting the saddle along one end thereof and a second supporting structure for supporting the saddle along another end thereof. The first supporting structure and the second supporting structure are situated spaced apart from each other by at least a distance enabling passage of a transporter for transporting the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The device and the corresponding method according to the invention relate in particular to a CNC machine tool and a machining method preferably for large machining patterns. The CNC machine tool may comprise a machining head 2 which may be connected to a Z-axis 1 such that it can be manually and/or automatically changed, and which may have at least two tool spindles 3 for receiving tools 4. The Z-axis 1 can be moved in a linear manner at least along two linear axial directions. The Z-axis 1 and/or the machining head 2 may have at least one axis of rotation.

Abstract: To provide an arrangement capable of detecting spindle failure in a machine tool using an existing servo control device, without providing separate external sensors, a failure analysis device or the like. A servo control device (22), which detects failure of a spindle of a machine tool including the spindle, a feed shaft, and a positioning servomotor that is installed to the feed shaft and is for deciding the position of the spindle, includes: a feedback acquisition unit (222) that acquires a feedback signal of the positioning servomotor; and an analysis/detection unit 226 that analyzes the feedback signal acquired to detect failure of the spindle.

Abstract: A work conveying pallet includes a base in the form of a flat plate having front and back principal surfaces and a plurality of side surfaces, the front and back principal surfaces being configured to carry a work, a linear motion block provided on the base, the linear motion block being configured to move on a guide rail provided along a conveyance path, and locking members configured to be locked to a circulation belt of a pallet conveying apparatus, wherein the locking members are provided on at least two surfaces out of the front and back principal surfaces and the plurality of side surfaces of the base.

Abstract: A dust collection system includes a drill that includes an arbor and a hole saw. A vacuum is provided that includes a hose. A bellows is provided and the bellows may be positioned against a surface. The drill is extended into the bellows to cut a hole in the surface. The bellows surrounds the hole saw to contain dust created when the hole saw cuts the hole. The hose of the vacuum is fluidly coupled to the bellows. Thus, the vacuum sucks the dust out of the bellows.

Abstract: An object is to provide a machine-tool spindle cooling method and a machine tool capable of suppressing thermal deformation of a spindle while achieving energy saving. To achieve it, a machine-tool spindle cooling method is provided in which bearings (13) and a spindle rotation motor (14) that generate heat with rotation of a spindle (12) are cooled by causing a spindle cooling device (18) to supply and circulate cooled cooling oil inside a housing (11) rotatably supporting the spindle (12), the method comprising deactuating the spindle cooling device (18) to thereby stop supplying the cooling oil in a case where the number of revolutions of the spindle (12) is less than or equal to a predetermined number of revolutions and the temperatures of the bearings (13) and the spindle rotation motor (14) detected by temperature sensors (15, 16) are less than or equal to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A bearing diagnostic device includes an identification unit and an obtaining unit. The identification unit is configured such that a feature quantity, an operation condition of a main spindle at a measurement of the feature quantity, and specification data of the bearing used for the main spindle are preliminarily configured as inputs. The identification unit is configured such that a normal state and an abnormal state are preliminarily configured as outputs. The identification unit is configured to create an identification model through machine learning. The obtaining unit is configured to obtain the feature quantity, the operation condition at the measurement of the feature quantity, and the specification data of the bearing used for the main spindle.

Abstract: An automated rover device removes material from opposite surfaces of an elongate part, such as a composite stiffener. The device includes a pair of material removal tools along with a vacuum assembly for vacuuming away material removed by the tools.

Abstract: An attachment for a sanding tool includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a generally tubular shape that defines a mounting end portion for mounting the attachment on the sanding tool. The second portion defines a distal end portion of the attachment and a plurality of slits. The slits extend along an axial direction of the attachment to divide the second portion into flaps configured to axially flex and define a contoured sanding surface along the axial direction.

Abstract: A method for polishing a polishing pad includes detecting a presence of a defect formed on a groove of a polishing pad; removing the defect from the groove of the polishing pad; after removing the defect, measuring a remaining depth of the groove; and based on the measured remaining depth of the groove, applying a polishing condition on the groove.

Abstract: In a polishing head for a CMP apparatus, a stress distributing plate made of metal or ceramic is placed between a wafer on a polishing pad and an air bag configured to press down the wafer, and a shock absorbing sheet is provided between the stress distributing plate and the underlying wafer, to thereby make pressure applied from the air bag to the wafer uniform.

Abstract: A polishing agent for polishing a resin comprises abrasive grains, a water-soluble polymer having an ether bond, an organic solvent and water, wherein the abrasive grains have a positive charge in the polishing agent and an average particle diameter of the abrasive grains is larger than 20 nm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lapping pads which include an abrading layer, wherein the abrading layer includes a working surface and a second surface opposite the working surface having a projected area Ap, and at least one cavity having a cavity opening located at the second surface, the at least one cavity being defined by at least one rib, each rib having a distal end at the second surface; and a phase transition material having a thermally reversible phase transition, wherein the phase transition material is disposed in the at least one cavity. The present disclosure further relates to a lapping system, the lapping system includes a lapping pad of the present disclosure and a working fluid; a method of making a lapping pad; and a method of lapping using a lapping pad of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing pad includes a base portion and a polishing portion. The base portion has opposite first and second side surfaces. The polishing portion extends from the first side surface away from the second side surface, has a polishing surface facing away from the base portion, and has at least one trench formed in the polishing surface. Each of the trenches has an opening defined by the polishing surface. A horizontal width of the opening of each of the trenches is equal to or smaller than that of the remaining portion of the trench. The chemical mechanical polishing pad is made by laminating a plurality of polymer layers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polishing head, includes: forming, on a lower end surface of an intermediate plate, a groove which extends from an inlet of an incompressible fluid to an outer peripheral portion of the intermediate plate and a groove which extends from an outlet of air to the outer peripheral portion of the intermediate plate, also including, after attaching an elastic film to a lower end surface of a rigid ring and coupling an upper end surface of the rigid ring with the lower end surface of the intermediate plate to form a space section: depressurizing the inside of the space section; and discharging the air in the space section from the outlet while pouring the incompressible fluid into the space section from the inlet after the depressurizing, and closing the inlet and outlet to seal the incompressible fluid in the space section.

Abstract: A substrate polishing system includes: a polishing machine and a substrate transporter. The polishing machine includes: a lower surface plate to which a substrate is mounted, and an upper surface plate which faces the lower surface plate and polishes the substrate in cooperation with the lower surface plate, the upper surface plate having a larger area than the substrate mounted on the lower surface plate. The substrate transporter is adjacent to the polishing machine and commonly transports the substrate to and from the polishing machine in a first direction, attaches the substrate to the lower surface plate before polishing thereof, and separates from the lower surface plate the substrate after polishing thereof.

Abstract: A grinding machine includes a support and a board which is connected to the connection portion of the support. The board has a first opening and a second opening. A transportation device is connected across over the first and second openings. A grinding device has a driving portion and a grinding portion which is connected to the driving portion. The driving portion is connected to the support so that the grinding portion is located above the transportation device. An angle adjustment device is connected between the board and the transportation device so as to adjust inclination of the transportation device so as to grind a larger area of an object.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for grinding grooves on workpieces using a profiled grinding wheel, the profile of which is crushed. A reshaping crush process includes driven crush rollers, each being controlled on the basis of a rotational speed and current consumption. Thus, relative advancement between the grinding wheel and crush roller is controlled according to the speed and current consumption. A grinding machine is also disclosed for grinding a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is held by means of a workpiece spindle head. A crush device comprising a crush roller with a dedicated rotary drive is provided on the grinding machine. The grinding wheel is applied to the crush roller in order to dress the grinding wheel profile. The crush roller has a profile-crushing portion for profile-crushing the grinding wheel with a first dressing volume and a reshaping profile-crushing portion for profile-crushing the grinding wheel with a second dressing volume.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a component using a body comprising metal. This method includes: cooling the body to provide at least a cooled region of the body; and machining the cooled region using a tool that contacts the cooled region.

Abstract: The use of abrasive entrainment waterjet technology to cut improvised hazardous devices, such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs), located above or below ground. Abrasive is conducted to an entrainment abrasive waterjet cutting head under the control of an abrasive feed and metering system that monitors the flow rate of abrasive.

Abstract: A superabrasive wheel having a superabrasive grain layer having superabrasive grains fixed by a binder, a ratio of an area occupied by the superabrasive grains in the superabrasive grain layer being 20% to 70%.

Abstract: A grinding disc includes an inner layer (20) which is made of grindable material (containing abrasive particles) and an outer layer (20) which covers at least a portion of the surface of the inner layer (50) and which is made of non-grindable material (i.e. not-containing abrasive grain).

Abstract: Methods of laser cutting polycrystalline diamond tables and polycrystalline diamond compacts are disclosed. Laser cutting of the polycrystalline diamond table provides an alternative to electrical-discharge machining (“EDM”), grinding with a diamond wheel, or lapping with a diamond wheel. Grinding or lapping with a diamond wheel is relatively slow and expensive, as diamond is used to remove a diamond material. EDM cutting of the polycrystalline diamond table is sometimes impractical or even impossible, particularly when the cobalt or other infiltrant or catalyst concentration within the polycrystalline diamond table is very low (e.g., in the case of a leached polycrystalline diamond table). As such, laser cutting provides a valuable alternative machining method that may be employed in various processes such as laser scribing, laser ablation, and laser lapping.

Abstract: An earth-boring tool having at least one cutting element with a multi-friction cutting face provides for the steering of formation cuttings as the cuttings slide across the cutting face. The multi-friction cutting element includes a diamond table bonded to a substrate of superabrasive material. The diamond table has a cutting face formed thereon with a cutting edge extending along a periphery of the cutting face. The cutting face has a first area having an average surface finish roughness less than an average surface finish roughness of a second area of the cutting face, the two areas separated by a boundary having a proximal end proximate a tool crown and a distal end remote from the tool crown.

Abstract: A high-precision two-part flat chuck device includes: a base, a cylinder, a sliding plate, a first clamping plate and a second clamping pate. A piston rod of the cylinder is connected with the sliding plate. Precision sliding rails are arranged at two sides of the base, and two sides of the sliding plate are respectively matched with the precision sliding rails in a sliding manner. An accommodating groove is arranged in a middle part of the sliding plate. The first and second clamping plates are symmetrically distributed in the accommodating groove along a center of the sliding plate, and a spring is arranged between the first and second clamping plates. Side surfaces of the first and second clamping plates are inclined planes, and chucks matched with each other are arranged at end parts of the first and seconding clamp plates.

Abstract: A method for operating a ratchet wrench having a tangential belt drive mechanism and a ratchet gear therein, including the steps of momentary pulling on the driven end of the belt for rotating the ratchet gear during a forward cycle; continually applying a first resilient tension force on the return end of the belt; continually applying a resilient compression force on the driven end of the belt of a same magnitude as the first resilient tension force toward the return end of the belt, and relaxing the step of pulling and allowing the belt to return to an initial position of the belt before the step of pulling. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tangential drive mechanism comprising a first and second springs, one on each side of the ratchet gear and each acting on the belt toward a return end of the belt.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a first and a second drive members 21, 21? rotatably mounted in a first and a second heads 16, 16? extended from a first and a second ends of a handle 10. The first drive member 21 includes a square inner periphery 35 adapted to slidably retain a drive shaft 36 including a ½? drive fitting 45 and a ?? drive fitting 46, and the second drive member 21? includes a ¼? drive hexagonal bit holder 53 and ¼? drive fitting 54, for providing combined functions of ordinary ratchet wrenches for turning fasteners. A first and a second ratcheting mechanisms are mounted in the first and the second ends of the handle 10 for turning the first and the second drive members 21, 21?, by the handle 10.

Abstract: A ratchet type power wrench includes a housing, a pressure medium powered actuator, a ratchet mechanism included in the housing and coupled to the actuator, an open ended output socket with a constant cross sectional dimension throughout a length thereof, which is rotatably supported in the housing and engaged by the ratchet mechanism, and an angle encoder provided to indicate angular displacements of the output socket. The angle encoder has a form of a separate unit included in a casing, the casing being attachable to either side of the housing for connecting the angle encoder to either end of the output socket. The angle encoder includes a rotatable signal initiating part and a movement sensor rigidly mounted in the casing, the rotatable signal initiating part being provided with at least one coupling dog adapted to engage cavities located at both ends of the output socket.