Abstract: Provided are a microparticle sorting device, and a method and a program for sorting microparticles capable of stabilizing sorting performance over a prolonged period of time. The microparticle sorting device includes an imaging element and a controller. The imaging element obtains an image of fluid and fluid droplets at a position where the fluid discharged from an orifice which generates a fluid stream is converted into the fluid droplets. The controller controls driving voltage of an oscillation element which gives oscillation to the orifice and/or controls a position of the imaging element based on a state of the fluid in the image and/or a state of a satellite fluid droplet. The satellite fluid droplet does not include microparticles and exists between the position, where the fluid is converted into the fluid droplets, and a fluid droplet, among fluid droplets including the microparticles, which is closest to the position where the fluid is converted into the fluid droplets.

Abstract: The disclosed flow cytometer includes a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). The WDM includes an extended light source providing light that forms an object, a collimating optical element that captures light from the extended light source and projects a magnified image of the object as a first light beam, and a first focusing optical element configured to focus the first light beam to a size smaller than the object of the extended light source to a first semiconductor detector. The disclosed flow cytometer further includes a composite microscope objective to direct light emitted by a particle in a flow channel in a viewing zone of the composite microscope to the extended light source, a fluidic system and a peristaltic pump configured to supply liquid sheath and liquid sample to the flow channel, and a laser diode system to illuminate the particle in the flow channel.

Abstract: The disclosed flow cytometer includes a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). The WDM includes an extended light source providing light that forms an object, a collimating optical element that captures light from the extended light source and projects a magnified image of the object as a first light beam, and a first focusing optical element configured to focus the first light beam to a size smaller than the object of the extended light source to a first semiconductor detector. The disclosed flow cytometer further includes a composite microscope objective to direct light emitted by a particle in a flow channel in a viewing zone of the composite microscope to the extended light source, a fluidic system and a peristaltic pump configured to supply liquid sheath and liquid sample to the flow channel, and a laser diode system to illuminate the particle in the flow channel.

Abstract: Invention lies in the field of measuring equipment for determination of frictional parameters of surfaces of aerodrome runways or road pavements. The method includes rolling motion of a measuring wheel by a vehicle on a monitored surface, determination of its motion speed, force of its normal load on a surface and its angular rotational velocity, application of braking moment to the axle of a wheel by means of electromagnetic induction brake, rotor of which is connected to the axle of the wheel, determination of a sliding coefficient of the wheel, change of braking moment to make current value the sliding coefficient closer to the assigned value, determination of force of traction between the wheel and the surface using an analog sensor of magnetic flux density mounted on the stator of electromagnetic brake between the poles of the latter, and determination of friction coefficient between the wheel and the surface.

Abstract: A system and method to discriminate between a first preselected gas and at least one other preselected gas use of an absorption spectroscopy analyzer that includes a Herriott cell and a temperature sensitive light source. The light source operates at a temperature that emits a beam at a wavelength that corresponds to high absorption by a first preselected gas. When a predetermined level of this gas is detected in a gas sample, the analyzer changes the operating temperature of the light source to emit a beam at a wavelength that corresponds to high absorption by a second preselected gas. The second preselected gas can be a different isotope of the first preselected gas.

Abstract: An analysis system comprising a cartridge and an instrument being designed for operating the cartridge. The cartridge comprises a chamber sealed by a foil capable of protruding when the chamber is pressurized. The instrument comprises an analysis window and a detection portion designed for being crossed by a signal emitted from the chamber toward the instrument when the chamber is placed opposite the detection portion. The instrument further comprises docking means to place the chamber opposite the detection portion so that when the chamber is pressurized, the foil protrudes toward the detection portion. The analysis system is characterized in that it further comprises spacing means to ensure that, when the cartridge is docked on the instrument via the docking means and the chamber is pressurized, said spacing means ensure a gap between the foil and the detection portion.

Abstract: A fluid analyzer for analysis of analyte bearing fluids includes an optical source and an optical transducer defining a beam path of an optical beam; a fluid flow cell with a fluid channel, wherein an interrogation region is defined in which the optical beam interacts with the fluids resulting in transducer output signals; and a controller configured and operative to control operation of the fluid analyzer. In one example the fluid analyzer is controlled to (1) combine a third fluid with the first or second fluid, (2) conduct the first fluid and second fluid through the interrogation region in first and second intervals respectively, (3) measure the transducer output signals during the first and second time intervals, and (4) determine, from the transducer output signals measurement, values of the first and second fluids and an indication of a physical property of the first fluid.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and related methods for evaluating biological sample integrity are disclosed herein. An example method includes scanning a sample container having a sample disposed therein to generate signal data including a first signal portion and a second signal portion. The example method includes detecting if the sample container includes a label attached to a surface of the sample container based on the second signal portion. If the sample container includes a label, the example method includes applying an adjustment factor to the second signal portion to create adjusted signal data. The example method includes determining a property of the sample based on one or more of the first signal portion or the adjusted signal data.

Abstract: An in vitro screening system includes a friction assembly including at least one motorized friction structural component configured to engage and remove material on a substrate and an analytics assembly including at least one sensor and circuitry configured to generate cleanser-specific material removal information responsive to a detected response associated with removal of a material on a substrate by the friction structural component.

Abstract: In accordance with certain embodiments, detection of a fire event via detection of scattered light of at least two wavelengths is initiated only after a signal from a light detector and/or a sensor for detecting one or more fire signatures other than smoke exceeds a triggering threshold.

Abstract: There is provided a nitrogen analyzing method for quantitative analysis of nitrogen in a specimen by a chemiluminescence method using ozone which is capable of measuring a concentration of nitrogen contained in the specimen with still higher accuracy, as well as a nitrogen analyzer used for practicing the analyzing method. Also, according to the present invention, there is provided a nitrogen analyzing method and a nitrogen analyzer which have a less adverse influence on human body and are also capable of further reducing environmental burden even when analyzing nitrogen in fuel-related specimens.

Abstract: A sensor and analyzer for measuring an analyte in a liquid sample are disclosed. The sensor includes a substrate with a reservoir disposed therein. The reservoir may include a top surface and a bottom surface, at least one transparent portion forming at least a part of the bottom surface of the reservoir, and a reflector disposed on the upper surface of the reservoir at a location opposite the at least one transparent portion. The analyzer may include a support surface, an aperture extending through the support surface, a light source disposed below the support surface and oriented so that at least a portion of the light emitted from the light source passes through the aperture, and a detector configured to measure an intensity of light received at the detector.

Abstract: Provided is method of comparison of spectra from the spectrum of a sample and at least one spectrum of a reference library, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining at least one relevant spectral peak from the sample spectrum and comparing each of the relevant spectral peaks obtained with the spectra in the reference library. Also provided is a method of comparison of spectra from the second derivative of the sample spectrum and the second derivative of the reference library spectra. Still further provided is a method of comparison of spectra with the previous identification of the major component of a sample, the method comprising the step of correlating triangularly the spectra of the sample, the reference and the major component. Lastly described are devices to ensure the uniformity of readings from various devices and compatibility with spectral libraries, the fastening and uniform positioning of the samples and standardization with the aid of calibrators.

Abstract: A gas measuring apparatus includes a cell portion, a light source portion, a detection portion, and a control portion. The cell portion includes a space into which a sample gas containing breath containing a first isotope of carbon dioxide and a second isotope of carbon dioxide is introduced. The light source portion changes a wavelength of the light in a band of 4.345 ?m or more and 4.384 ?m or less. The detection portion performs an operation including first detection of an intensity of the light passing through the space and second detection of an intensity of the light passing through the space into which the sample gas is not introduced. The control portion calculates a ratio of an amount of the second isotope to an amount of the first isotope based on a result of the first detection and a result of the second detection.

Abstract: A method for determining a sulfur trioxide content in a gas. A sample of the gas is taken, and a gas pressure of the sample is reduced. A wave number-resolved transmission measurement is carried out on the sample using a wave number-tunable monochrome light source, and a sulfur trioxide content is derived from the measurement. The measurement is carried out in the sulfur trioxide absorption band between 1360 and 1410 cm?1, in particular in a window around the sulfur trioxide absorption at 1365.49 cm?1. A method for operating a power plant, a measuring system for determining a sulfur trioxide content in a gas, and a power plant are adapted to determine a sulfur trioxide content in a gas.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for measurement devices and methods to obtain physical parameters and thermal images associated with a scene in an integrated manner. In one embodiment, a measurement device includes an infrared (IR) imaging module configured to capture thermal images of a scene; a moisture sensor configured to detect a moisture parameter associated with an external article; a housing configured to be hand-held by a user and at least partially enclosing the IR imaging module; a display fixed relative to the housing and configured to display user-viewable thermal images; and a logic device configured to freeze a user-viewable thermal image on the display, overlay information to indicate a first detection of the moisture parameter onto the frozen user-viewable thermal image on the display, and update the overlaid information to indicate a second detection of the moisture parameter.

Abstract: A personal liquid analysis system includes a portable liquid analyzer device, a mobile application as a user interface, and a cloud server for data analysis. The compact and portable liquid analyzer device is integrated by miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) optical sensors setup for spectroscopy measurement from a sample cell, control circuits, I/O user interface modules and wireless communication modules. The analyzer can be used to collect NIR spectra data from a liquid sample in the sample cell, and to transmit the data to a cloud server where compositional information is calculated, and presented to the user on the device and/or on a mobile application. The personal liquid analysis system enables the user to rapidly acquire qualitative and/or quantitative compositional information from liquid samples for a wide range of applications.

Abstract: A method for detecting a contamination of a cuvette of a turbidimeter. The turbidimeter includes a light source which emits a light beam directed to a cuvette, a scattering light detector, and a diffuser with a body and an actuator. The actuator moves the body between a parking position and a test position where the body is between the measurement light source and the cuvette, thereby interferes with the light beam, and generates a diffuse test light entering the cuvette. The method includes activating the actuator to move the body from the parking position into the test position, activating the light source, measuring a test light intensity received by the scattering light detector, comparing the test light intensity measured with a reference light intensity, and generating a contamination signal if a difference between a reference light intensity and the test light intensity measured exceeds a first threshold value.

Abstract: A metal ion detection equipment and a metal ion detection method are provided. The metal ion detection equipment includes a porous silicon resonant cavity structure, an electrochemical device and a spectrum detecting device. A sample solution permeates into the porous silicon resonant cavity structure. A to-be-detected metal ion of the sample solution in the porous silicon resonant cavity structure is reduced into a to-be-detected metal by the electrochemical device. The spectrum detecting device detects a spectral variation of a reflective light from the porous silicon resonant cavity structure.

Abstract: An authentication structure and an authenticating method using the same are provided. The authentication structure includes a plurality of input couplers that generate surface plasmons by being selectively coupled to lights because the plurality of input couplers are different in terms of at least one of a geometric structure and an arrangement, and an output coupler that outputs a speckle pattern based on the surface plasmons.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing optical, model based measurements of a small sized semiconductor structure employing an anisotropic characterization of the optical dispersion properties of one or more materials comprising the structure under measurement are presented herein. This reduces correlations among geometric parameters and results in improved measurement sensitivity, improved measurement accuracy, and enhanced measurement contrast among multiple materials under measurement. In a further aspect, an element of a multidimensional tensor describing the dielectric permittivity of the materials comprising the structure is modelled differently from another element. In a further aspect, model based measurements are performed based on measurement data collected from two or more measurement subsystems combined with an anisotropic characterization of the optical dispersion of the materials under measurement.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optical sensor platform(s) employing hyperbolic metamaterial(s) supporting highly confined bulk plasmon guided modes over broad wavelength range(s) from visible to near-infrared. By exciting these modes using—for example—a two-dimensional (2D) grating-coupling technique, sensors according to the present disclosure advantageously exhibit extreme sensitivity modes up to a maximum of 30,000 nm per refractive index unit and a record figure of merit of 590 thereby permitting detection of ultralow-molecular-weight bio-molecules at picomolar concentrations.

Abstract: An environmental sensor may include a heat source that heats a metal oxide sensing material. Electrodes may be formed in the metal oxide sensing material that measure the resistance of the metal oxide sensing material to determine the concentration of various gases. The environmental sensor may include an infrared light source that emits infrared light at a given wavelength. An infrared detector and band-pass filter may be used to detect the concentration of a particular gas such as carbon dioxide. In order to reduce power consumption, a heater may act as both the heat source for the metal oxide sensing material and the infrared light source for the infrared detector. The metal oxide sensing material, heater, and infrared detector may be formed in the same enclosure. The enclosure may have an opening that is aligned with an opening in an electronic device housing.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for determining oil contents in rocks. The method comprises steps of: measuring a plurality of calibration oil samples having different oil contents, and acquiring a holographic fluorescence spectral intensity corresponding to the calibration oil samples; acquiring a fit relation between the holographic fluorescence spectral intensity and the oil contents of the calibration oil, according to the oil contents of the plurality of calibration oil samples and a plurality of three-dimensional fluorescence spectral intensities corresponding thereto; adding a certain amount of the calibration oil after dilution to rocks to be measured, acquiring a sample of the rocks to be measured and performing a holographic fluorescence measurement of the rock sample to be measured; and introducing the holographic fluorescence spectral intensity of the rock sample to be measured to the fit relation, thus an oil content of the rock sample to be measured is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Lidar surveying instrument, which is capable of detecting and discriminating laser-induced particle fluorescence of any biological or non-biological atmospheric particles. The present astrobiology sensing instrument can remotely sense and discriminate, in real-time, the bio-indicator aerosol material signatures and environmental interferents that exist in an extraterrestrial environment, such as Mars, in order to expand the search for signatures of extraterrestrial life from the planetary soil to the planetary ground level atmosphere, by performing atmospheric volume scans of hundreds of meters in a radial direction around a planetary vehicle or a spacecraft. The Lidar instrument technology of the present invention employs real-time aerosol particle detection and discrimination based on two physical variables: particle fluorescence and particle size in the bio-discrimination space.

Abstract: An optical head for a Raman spectroscopy system includes a housing an input configured to allow input radiation of a selected wavelength into the housing, a first lens disposed in an end of the housing to allow the input radiation to emit from the housing through the first lens and to receive reflected radiation including specular reflection and diffuse reflection, and a second lens disposed in the housing and configured to receive reflected radiation from the first lens. The optical head includes an output configured to receive the reflected radiation from the second lens. The optical head includes a blocking mirror disposed in the housing between the first lens and the second lens. The blocking mirror is configured and positioned to direct the radiation from the input to the first lens. The blocking mirror blocks at least a portion of specular reflection from reaching the second lens but allows diffuse reflection to the reach the second lens.

Abstract: A tapered optical needle includes a tapered light-transmissive needle and a surface plasmon wave transport layer. The tapered light-transmissive needle has a first tip, a bottom, and a curved surface connecting the first tip and the bottom. The surface plasmon wave transport layer is disposed on the curved surface and covers the first tip, wherein the surface plasmon wave transport layer has a curved slit structure. The curved slit structure includes a plurality of curved portions arranged from the first tip to an edge of the bottom and located between the first tip and the edge of the bottom, and extending directions of the curved portions are different to a direction from the first tip to the edge of the bottom.

Abstract: A Raman spectroscopy structure includes a substrate, a conductive layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the conductive layer, wherein the dielectric layer has a first thickness, and spaced apart conductive structures formed on the dielectric layer having a periodicity. Each of the conductive structures has a second thickness and a shape that defines a localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) frequency mode having a width. The dielectric layer defines two Fabry-Perot frequency modes that overlap within the width of the LSPR frequency mode. A desirable double resonance is achieved by two frequency Fabry-Perot modes overlapping within the width of a single frequency plasmonic mode.

Abstract: A test strip analyser is provided. The test strip analyser includes a frame, a test control module and an optical system. The test control module is disposed in the frame and includes a test strip carrier of a plurality of test strip carriers and a sample container of a plurality of sample containers. The test strip carrier is disposed on the frame and adapted to hold a test strip. The sample container is adapted to contain a sample. The optical system is disposed above the frame and the test control module and includes a light sensor and controller. The light sensor is configured to capture an image of the test strip. The controller is connected to the light sensor to control the light sensor, and the light sensor feedbacks the image to the controller. In addition, an analysing method using the same is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for acoustically and optically characterizing an immersed object of interest by generating a serial plurality of acoustic and optical illumination pulses through a liquid. In addition to the spectral analyses/imaging of objects/environment made possible by the white-light illumination, a target material can be ablated, generating an ionized plume to spectrally identify the target's constituent atoms.

Abstract: A vehicle part inspection device is configured to inspect an inspection object secured on a jig frame by a securing unit, and may include: i) a sensing unit which is pivotably installed on a mount frame, moves in multi-axis directions along the jig frame, and senses an inspection portion of the inspection object; and ii) angle changing units which are installed to be radially connected with the sensing unit, and change a sensing angle of the sensing unit by applying forward and rearward operating force to the sensing unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for making artificial atmospheric environment and analysis system for dust-blocking of cosmetics using the same, and the apparatus for making artificial atmospheric environment includes a chamber in which fine dust is made; a wind generation unit including a plurality of driving fans disposed inside the chamber having different angles, the wind generation unit moving supplied dust inside the chamber so that the dust is distributed as actual atmospheric environment in the same or similar manner; and a dust supply unit which is provided integrally with or separately from the chamber to supply fine dust to the chamber, and the analysis system for dust blocking of cosmetics using the apparatus for making artificial atmospheric environment.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a light detection device and a method of using the device are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the light detection device can include a housing that extends along a housing axis between top and bottom surfaces. The device can also include a port that is adapted to receive a sample, and a door connected to the housing. The door can include an actuator portion adapted to selectively move the door between a closed position and an open position, and a cover portion connected to the actuator portion and adapted to close the port when the door is in the closed position and open the port when the door is in the open position to allow external access to the port.

Abstract: A measurement device is provided for inspecting a bonding zone between samples, including a low-coherence interferometer illuminated by a polychromatic light source having a measurement arm crossing the connection zone and a reference arm, at least one optical detector and optical and/or mechanical conditioning apparatus arranged to enable the acquisition of at least two interference measurements having different phase conditions between a measurement optical beam coming from the measurement arm and a reference optical beam coming from the reference arm; and calculation apparatus provided to calculate contrast information relating to the interference and to search, on the basis of the contrast information, for defects in the bonding zone.

Abstract: An imaging sensor assembly includes at least one substrate including a plurality of substrate signal lines. The imaging sensor assembly also includes at least one imaging sensor package disposed on the at least one substrate, the at least one imaging sensor package including at least one imaging sensor disposed on at least one imaging sensor package substrate. The imaging sensor assembly also includes at least one receiver package disposed on the at least one substrate, the receiver package including at least one receiver integrated circuit disposed on at least one receiver package substrate. The imaging sensor assembly also includes at least one electrical interconnect operably coupled to the at least one imaging sensor package and the at least one receiver package. A plurality of data signals are transmitted between the at least one imaging sensor package and the at least one receiver package via the at least one electrical interconnect.

Abstract: The measurement device comprises a transmitter for providing a transmitted signal at a frequency. The transmitter provides the transmitted signal to the transmitting antenna. A receiving antenna is arranged to receive the transmitted signal. A receiver is capable of receiving the transmitted signal from the receiving antenna. An electronic data processor is adapted to measure an observed parameter of the transmitted signal between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna to estimate the precise yield, where the observed parameter comprises observed attenuation, phase or both of the transmitted signal, as received at the receiver.

Abstract: An X-ray transmission inspection apparatus capable of easily performing the adjustment by a standard sample is provided. The apparatus is provided with an X-ray source; an X-ray detector; a standard sample moving mechanism configured to move a standard sample placed in a different position from that of a sample; and an arrangement changing mechanism configured to be in a such a manner that the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and the sample and the standard sample are movable relative to each other, and configured to change an arrangement state from one arrangement state in which the X-ray source and the X-ray detector face the sample to the other arrangement state in which the X-ray source and the X-ray detector face the standard sample that is moved by the standard sample moving mechanism.

Abstract: This invention relates to a movable divided inspection system and method, wherein the scanning inspection system comprises a first radiation source, a first detection means, a first automated guided vehicle and a second automated guided vehicle. The first radiation source is mounted on the first automated guided vehicle. The first detection means is mounted on the second automated guided vehicle. The first automated guided vehicle and the second automated guided vehicle are able to drive the first radiation source and the first detection means to a preset scan inspection position, so as to form a scanning passage for passage of an article to be scanned between the first and second automated guided vehicle, such that scanning inspection of said article to be scanned is realized by relative movement of said article to be scanned with reference to said first automated guided vehicle and said second automated guided vehicle.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a reference blade for calibrating non-destructive inspection by tomography of real blades of similar shapes and dimensions, including making a three-dimensional blank out of resin, creating housings in the thickness of the blank at predetermined locations, and introducing in each of the housings a cylinder including an artificial defect or a real defect in order to obtain the reference blade.

Abstract: An analysis system 10 can include an analysis tool 20, such as an XRF analyzer, a LIBS spectrometer, an XRD analyzer, or Raman spectroscopy equipment which can communicate wirelessly with other devices. The system 10 can also include remote-processor software configured to be loaded onto a handheld electronic device 23 and/or remote-computer software configured to be loaded onto a remote-computer 28. The analysis tool 20 can include a microphone 18 and/or an output device 31 to allow a user 19 to communicate conveniently with the analysis tool 20.

Abstract: Sensors and methods are provided that include a diamond material containing a nitrogen vacancy center, the diamond material being configured to be exposed to an environment comprising one or more gases, an optical light source configured to excite the nitrogen vacancy center of the diamond material with an optical light beam produced therefrom, a detector configured to detect a signal originating from the diamond material in response to the optical light beam exciting the nitrogen vacancy center, and the capability of analyzing the signal to identify a specific gas in the environment. Also included are levitated spin-optomechanical systems capable of elevating in a vacuum a diamond material containing a nitrogen vacancy center, applying microwave radiation to the diamond material for controlling and flipping the electron spin of the nitrogen vacancy center, and monitoring electron spin of the nitrogen vacancy center.

Abstract: A method for single-molecule detection is provided and uses a carbon nanotube having a probe entity attached thereto to define a first state of the carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube is introduced to a target entity to define a second state of the carbon nanotube. The electrical conductance of the carbon nanotube in the first and second states is compared to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity. A system for single-molecule detection including a carbon nanotube is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel capacitive vapor sensor comprising porous immobilized graphene oxide (pGO) on an electrode surface. Also disclosed is an in-situ process for the preparation of this sensor and various uses thereof.

Abstract: A method of depositing reagent on an electrochemical test sensor adapted to determine information relating to an analyte includes providing a base and forming an electrode pattern on the base. The method further includes depositing the reagent on at least the electrode pattern using a reagent-dispensing system. The reagent-dispensing system applies mechanical force to the reagent in the reagent-dispensing system to assist in providing a wet reagent droplet on at least the electrode pattern.

Abstract: A capacitive autocoding circuit is provided herein. A test strip may include an embedded code comprising one or more individually electrically isolated contacting pads associated with one of a plurality of predefined capacitive states. The respective capacitive states associated with each of the contacting pads together form a capacitive state sequence such that when the test strip is inserted into a diagnostic meter the sequence is read to identify data particular to the capacitive sequence and the test strip.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor is provided which may be formed using micromachining techniques commonly used in the manufacture of integrated circuits. This is achieved by forming microcapillaries in a silicon substrate and forming an opening in an insulating layer to allow environmental gases to reach through to the top side of the substrate. A porous electrode is printed on the top side of the insulating layer such that the electrode is formed in the opening in the insulating layer. The sensor also comprises at least one additional electrode. The electrolyte is then formed on top of the electrodes. A cap is formed over the electrodes and electrolyte. This arrangement may easily be produced using micromachining techniques.

Abstract: A method for determining an internal resistance of a sensor element. The method includes: a) applying a current pulse to the sensor element; the current pulse inducing a charge transfer in the sensor element; the occurrence of the charge transfer causing an increase in the electrical voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode of the sensor element; b) ascertaining a value for the increase in the electrical voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, step b) being performed at least twice at different points in time during the occurrence of the charge transfer; and a value for increasing the electrical voltage being ascertained therefrom at various points in time; and c) determining the internal resistance of the sensor element from the values for increasing the electrical voltage that are ascertained at different points in time during the occurrence of the charge transfer.

Abstract: A gas sensor in which an electrode is prevented from being poisoned is provided. A mixed-potential type gas sensor includes a sensor element composed a solid electrolyte. The sensor element includes: a measurement gas introduction space having an open end at a distal end and extending in a longitudinal direction; a sensing electrode provided on an inner side of the measurement gas introduction space; and a heater configured to heat the sensor element. The concentration of the gas component is determined based on a potential difference between the sensing electrode and a reference electrode, while the heater heats the sensor element so that a place having a temperature higher than the temperature of the sensing electrode and the melting point of a poisoning substance exists between the open end and the sensing electrode and the temperature decreases toward the sensing electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for a trace oxygen sensor is configured with a floating cathode that has a capability to detect part-per-billion (ppb) level or less of oxygen in a gas background. An electrolyte reservoir can supply electrolyte when electrolyte level is low. An electrolyte reservoir may be connected to the main cell along with a protection electrode.

Abstract: A sensor system, device, and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample is described. Gated voltammetric pulse sequences including multiple duty cycles of sequential excitations and relaxations may provide a shorter analysis time and/or improve the accuracy and/or precision of the analysis. The disclosed pulse sequences may reduce analysis errors arising from the hematocrit effect, variance in cap-gap volumes, non-steady-state conditions, mediator background, a single set of calibration constants, under-fill, and changes in the active ionizing agent content of the sensor strip.