Abstract: A cutting tool cover set to a cutting tool which includes a hollow shaft body and at least one insert attached to an end face of the shaft body and cuts by bringing the insert into contact with a work while rotating the shaft body. The cutting tool cover includes: a body portion fixed to a top end portion of the shaft body; and an extension portion extended outward from the circumferential edge of the body portion in the entire circumference of the top end portion of the body portion to cover the surface of the work.

Abstract: A debris removal apparatus for a milling machine. In one embodiment, the debris removal apparatus includes a hollow, cylindrical suction member that attaches to a tool shaft which holds an end mill to rotate with the tool shaft. The debris removal apparatus further includes a nonrotating canister that applies a suction force to the suction member. The suction member is dimensioned to fit within a hole being cut by the end mill as the end mill is fed into the hole, and to extract debris created by the end mill via the suction force.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a surface treatment apparatus includes a surface treatment portion, a supporter, and a carrying portion. The surface treatment portion has a treatment surface. The supporter has a support surface facing a second surface opposite to the first surface of the work. A frictional coefficient of the second surface and the support surface is higher than a frictional coefficient of the first surface and the treatment surface. The carrying portion applies a load in a direction in which the support surface is relatively pressed on the treatment surface, moves the support surface in a carrying direction different from the direction of the load, and thereby moves the work in the carrying direction.

Abstract: A retaining ring can be shaped by machining or lapping the bottom surface of the ring to form a shaped profile in the bottom surface. The bottom surface of the retaining ring can include flat, sloped and curved portions. The lapping can be performed using a machine that dedicated for use in lapping the bottom surface of retaining rings. During the lapping the ring can be permitted to rotate freely about an axis of the ring. The bottom surface of the retaining ring can have curved or flat portions.

Abstract: In a substrate processing method according to an embodiment, a surface of an object to be polished disposed on a substrate is polished on a polishing pad supplied with slurry. After the polishing process using the slurry, the surface of the object to be polished on the polishing pad is polished, while supplying water on the polishing pad where a residue including the slurry or a sludge of the polishing pad adhered. After the polishing process using the water, the surface of the object to be polished is cleaned on the polishing pad by supplying rinse liquid on the polishing pad.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for coupling a first and second wheeled vehicle. The apparatus includes a first area with a stop to engage an undersurface of the first wheeled vehicle and a second area with spaced apart openings to receive wheels of the second vehicle. The apparatus also includes a hook member positioned between the first and second areas and including surfaces to engage a perimeter of the frame of the first wheeled vehicle. The method includes engaging a perimeter of the frame of the first wheeled vehicle with the hook member. The method further includes rotating the stop about an engagement point between the hook member and the frame of the first wheeled vehicle until the stop engages an undersurface of the frame. The method further includes positioning a pair of wheels of the second vehicle in the spaced apart openings.

Abstract: An abrasive article has an abrasive portion with a bond and abrasive particles. A core is mounted to the abrasive portion. The core may include a plurality of segments that are interconnected to form the core. The abrasive article may include forming a plurality of core segments; assembling the core segments into a core; and then mounting the core to the abrasive portion to form the abrasive article. Forming an abrasive article may include mixing a phenolic resin, fillers and abrasive particles to form an abrasive matrix; injecting the abrasive matrix directly into a mold, such that the abrasive matrix is injection molded into a final wheel geometry; at least partially curing the abrasive matrix while it is inside the mold; and then removing the abrasive article from the mold.

Abstract: An illumination structure for pliers contains: a first part, a second part, and an illumination device. The first part includes a first clamping jaw, a first handle, and a first rotatable connecting portion between the first clamping jaw and the first handle. The second part includes a second clamping jaw, a second handle, and a second rotatable connecting portion between the second clamping jaw and the second handle, wherein the first rotatable connecting portion of the first part and the second rotatable connecting portion of the second part are rotatably connected together. The first rotatable connecting portion has an accommodation groove configured to house the illumination device, and the accommodation groove has a first opening communicating with the first clamping jaw and the second clamping jaw and has a second opening communicating with the first handle. The illumination device includes a light emitting element and a control button.

Abstract: A power screwdriver and/or drill has a drive unit and an operating unit that has a first operating surface which is oriented substantially perpendicularly to an actuating direction of the first operating surface. The drive unit is at least activatable by the actuation of said first operating surface. The operating unit also has at least one second operating surface which is oriented substantially perpendicularly to the actuating direction of the first operating surface and is arranged at a distance from the first operating surface in the actuating direction, the drive unit is at least activatable by the actuation of said second operating surface.

Abstract: A tool, such as, a socket, that is adapted to remove a stripped or otherwise difficult to remove fastener. The socket includes a body having first and second ends, a first axial bore in the first end adapted to receive the stripped or cylindrical fastener head, and one or more cutting channels in the body between the first and second ends forming internal cutting edges adapted to engage the stripped or cylindrical fastener head. The one or more cutting apertures may have an elongated diamond-like shape and extend a portion of the way around the body and toward the second end.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the application, a device for driving a fastening element into a substrate has an energy-transfer element for transferring energy to the fastening element. The energy-transfer element can move preferably between a starting position and a setting position, wherein the energy-transfer element is located, before a driving-in procedure, in the starting position and, after the driving-in procedure, in the setting position. According to another aspect of the application, the device comprises a mechanical-energy storage device for storing mechanical energy. The energy-transfer element is then suitable preferably for transferring energy from the mechanical-energy storage device to the fastening element.

Abstract: A nail-driving gun barrel assembly includes an axially extending barrel and an ejector. The barrel has a firing end portion having a cylindrical segment and a protruding segment that cooperates with the cylindrical segment to define a first cutout recess. The protruding segment is formed with a first groove. The ejector has a sleeve part and a projecting part which cooperates with the sleeve part to define a second cutout recess. The sleeve part is coaxially and slidably sleeved on the cylindrical segment. The projecting part is formed with a second groove. When the ejector is disposed at a first axial position, the first and second grooves mate each other.

Abstract: Accessories for a fastener driving apparatus are disclosed, which accessories may be removably attached to a fastener driving apparatus. An extension accessory increases the length of reach of a fastener driving apparatus by including an extension rod and further improves accuracy with regard to driving a fastener into a substrate via a fastener retention mechanism. A chisel accessory provides added versatility for a fastener driving apparatus by including a chisel tool function in addition to a fastener driving function. A fastener setting accessory improves fastener driving ease and accuracy by driving fasteners presently in a substrate to a specific depth. The accessories are specifically designed to transmit an uninterrupted force from the fastener driving apparatus to a fastener or chisel for driving a fastener into or otherwise impacting or striking a substrate.

Abstract: A device in a hydraulic rock drilling machine (1) has a distribution valve (7, 7?, 7?) for controlling hydraulic flow to different parts of the rock drilling machine. The distribution valve has a valve body (8, 8?, 8?) which moves to and from in an axial direction inside a valve chamber (33). The valve chamber is limited in axial direction by two valve end walls (10, 11; 10?, 11?; 10?, 11?). One of the valve end walls is movable in an axial direction against an abutment (12, 12?) to define an end position for the valve body, and a pressing device (13, 13?, 13?) is provided for pressing at least one of the valve end walls against the abutment. A rock drilling machine includes the device.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an impact tool having a rational mechanism in an idling state. According to the representative invention, in an idling state defined as a state in which a tool accessory 119 is not pressed against a workpiece and an impact bolt 145 transmits a striking force to the tool accessory 119, the tool accessory retainer 510 moves with respect to a tool accessory holder 117 by movement of the tool accessory 119 in the longitudinal direction, so that the striking force is cushioned.

Abstract: A circular cylindrical striker member 2 for a drilling machine adapted to transfer kinetic energy to an impulse receiving member 4. The striker member has a diameter dmax, and includes a side surface 12 and an impulse surface (6). The striker member is adapted to transfer the kinetic energy to the impulse receiving member by a ring shaped active surface of the impulse surface, wherein the ring shaped active surface is concentric with regard to the cross section of the striker member, has a diameter da, where da<dmax, and has a width wa that during the contact moment with the impulse receiving part is less than 0.2 dmax.

Abstract: A tool bit storage system includes a plurality of tool bits with each tool bit having a head and a drive portion. The tool bit storage system also includes a tool bit case having a bottom surface and a plurality of bit retainers extending from the bottom surface with each bit retainer supporting one of the plurality of tool bits at an oblique angle relative to the bottom surface so that the drive portion of the one of the plurality of tool bits extends generally away from the bottom surface and the head of the one of the plurality of tool bits extends generally toward the bottom surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adjustable tool holder for holding workshop tools and the like. The tool holder comprises an elongate, rectangular base member comprising a longitudinal central groove, the base member extending between proximal and distal extremities, an elongate, central bar disposed within the groove centrally, the central bar laterally divided into toothed and plain portions terminating at the proximal and distal portions respectively, a longitudinal edge of the toothed portion comprising teeth, a slider adapted to slide along the length of the toothed portion, and a compression spring, one end of which secured to the slider while the other end secured to a distal extremity, the spring wound around the central bar. Sliding the slider to any point on the toothed portion causes length of the spring to be automatically altered accordingly, while the teeth prevent the slider from freely sliding towards the proximal end. A tool is adapted to be held between two consecutive loops of the spring.

Abstract: A precision marking system for precisely marking at least one mark is provided. The precision marking system embodies at least one precision spot pen and a cooperating precision template, when used together repeatedly enable the precise creation and re-creation of spaced-apart marks along a particular workpiece at desired or standardized intervals.

Abstract: A device and method of marking an elongated element for bending. A template is provided that has a body with a first end, an opposite second end, a first side edge, and a second side edge. The body also includes a concave surface that extends between the first end and the second end. Length indicia are disposed on the body adjacent the first straight side edge. Angle indicia are disposed on the body adjacent the first end. Utilizing a marker and the template, a start line and a finish line are marked onto the elongated element. Additionally, a guideline is marked on the elongated element that extends from the start line to the finish line. At least one bend is formed in the elongated element between the start line and the finish line. The bends progress along the marked guideline.

Abstract: Example embodiments may relate to a robotic system that includes a hydraulic actuator and an electric actuator both coupled to a joint of the robotic system. Operation of the actuators may be based on various factors such as based on desired joint parameters. For instance, such desired joint parameters may include a desired output torque/force of the joint, a desired output velocity of the joint, a desired acceleration of the joint, and/or a desired joint angle, among other possibilities. Given a model of power consumption as well as a model of the actuators, the robotic system may determine operating parameters such as hydraulic and electric operating parameters as well as power system parameters, among others. The robotic system may then control operation of the actuators, using the determined operating parameters, to obtain the desired joint parameters such that power dissipation in the system is minimized (i.e., maximizing actuation efficiency).

Abstract: The invention relates to a control method for a robot (1) having a plurality of movable robot axes (2, 4, 6), in particular for a painting robot (1) or a manipulating robot, comprising the following steps: (a) predetermining a robot path by means of a plurality of path points through which a reference point of the robot (1) is intended to travel; (b) controlling drive motors of the individual robot axes (2, 4, 6) according to the predetermined robot path, such that the reference point of the robot (1) travels through the predetermined robot path; (c) precalculating the mechanical loading (My1, Mx1, Fx1, Fy1, Fz1, Fx2, Fy2, Fz2, Mx2, My2, Mz2) that occurs within at least one of the robot axes (2, 4, 6) between two joints when travelling through the robot path ahead; and also (d) adjusting the control of the drive motors of the robot axes (2, 4, 6) on the basis of the precalculated mechanical loading (My1, Mx1, Fx1, Fy1, Fz1, Fx2, Fy2, Fz2, Mx2, My2, Mz2), such that a mechanical overload is avoided.

Abstract: A robot control device which controls a robot includes a sensor coordinate system calculation unit which calculates a position and an orientation of a sensor by making the robot perform a predetermined operation. The sensor coordinate system calculation unit comprises an operation parameter optimization unit which is configured to obtain a combination most suitable for calculating the position and orientation of the sensor, from a plurality of combinations of modified values of a predetermined type of operation parameters, by making the robot perform the predetermined operation, successively using each of the combinations.

Abstract: An example method includes receiving, by a mobile robotic device, power from a battery of a first battery pack in order to operate within an environment. The method further includes establishing a first data channel between the mobile robotic device and the first battery pack. The method also includes using the first data channel to transfer sensor data acquired by the mobile robotic device during operation to a local data storage component of the first battery pack. The method additionally includes navigating, by the mobile robotic device, to a battery exchange station to transfer the first battery pack containing the battery and the local data storage component with the sensor data to the battery exchange station. The method further includes after transferring the first battery pack to the battery exchange station, receiving a second battery pack from the battery exchange station to continue operation within the environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for positioning, in particular for palletizing, objects. The method is carried out using a manipulator having an additional actuator which is arranged between the manipulator and the object to be positioned. According to one example of the invention, the method comprises the gripping of the object and the moving of the object, using the manipulator, at a start position in the proximity of a storage surface on which the object is to be positioned and deposited. The method furthermore comprises the moving of the object using the manipulator to the storage surface, wherein the actuator is actuated such that the actuating force compensates for the weight of the object, or wherein the actuator force is regulated such that an adjustable, minimal net actuator force acts on an end stop of the actuator (which can be zero in the limiting case). Furthermore, the excursion of the actuator is monitored and a change to the excursion is detected.

Abstract: Methods comprise (a) sequentially transferring, from a part supply structure to a part staging structure, a first predetermined selection of parts; (b) sequentially transferring, from the part staging structure to a first manufacturing kit holder, the first predetermined selection of parts to define a first kitted holder; (c) concurrently with (b), sequentially transferring, from the part supply structure to the part staging structure, a second predetermined selection of parts; and (d) subsequent to (b), sequentially transferring, from the part staging structure to a second manufacturing kit holder, the second predetermined selection of parts to define a second kitted holder. Systems comprise a part supply structure; a part staging structure; a first robotic transfer device; a plurality of manufacturing kit holders; a second robotic transfer device; and a holder positioning structure.

Abstract: A mechanism-parametric-calibration method for a robotic arm system is provided. The method includes controlling the robotic arm to perform a plurality of actions so that one end of the robotic arm moves toward corresponding predictive positioning-points; determining a predictive relative-displacement between each two of the predictive positioning-points; after the robotic arm performs each of the actions, sensing three-dimensional positioning information of the end of the robotic arm; determining, according to the three-dimensional positioning information, a measured relative-displacement moved by the end of the robotic arm when the robotic arm performs each two of the actions; deriving an equation corresponding to the robotic arm from the predictive relative-displacements and the measured relative-displacements; and utilizing a feasible algorithm to find the solution of the equation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a robot self-locating on a movement surface. The method may comprise moving a first robot across the movement surface and relative to a workpiece, in which the movement surface faces the workpiece. The method may also form sensor data using a first number of sensors on the first robot as the first robot moves across the movement surface, in which the sensor data represents identifying characteristics of a portion of the movement surface. The method may also determine a location of the first robot on the movement surface using the sensor data. The method may further determine a location of a functional component of the first robot relative to the workpiece using the location of the first robot on the movement surface.

Abstract: An end effector for use and connection to a robot arm of a robotic surgical system, wherein the end effector is controlled and/or articulated by at least one cable extending from a respective motor of a control device of the robot surgical system, is provided. The end effector includes a wrist assembly, and a jaw assembly. The jaw assembly includes a cam pulley rotatably supported on at least one support plate of the jaw assembly, wherein the cam pulley is operatively connected to a proximal end of each of the jaws of the jaw assembly such that rotation of the cam pulley results in one of an opening and closing of the jaw assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, methods, and apparatus for a vacuum tool having a switchable plate, such that a common vacuum tool may be adapted with different plates. A switchable plate may form the entirety of the vacuum tool's material contacting surface or a switchable plate may form a portion of the material contacting surface. The vacuum tool is effective for picking and placing one or more manufacturing parts utilizing a vacuum force.

Abstract: A safety device for a mechanical motion device and a method for protecting a person or object in the vicinity of a mechanical motion device are described herein. The safety device may include: a shroud; a coupling mechanism; and a detection device. The coupling mechanism joins the shroud in a displaceable manner to a mechanical motion device. The detection device is configured for communication with the safety control system of a mechanical motion device. The detection device is capable of detecting misalignment of the shroud from its initial aligned position and/or a collision between the shroud and a person or object. The detection device may send a signal to the safety control system of the mechanical motion device to at least slow the movement of the mechanical motion device before the mechanical motion device reaches the location of the collision of the shroud with an object or person.

Abstract: A safety razor for shaving back hair. A substrate structure at an end of an elongated back shaver handle opposite a grip end holds both a blade group and a support. The blade group has a sharp blade and a guard parallel thereto. The support can be either a blunt protrusion or another blade group. The blade group and the support are spaced a tactile discrimination distance from another blade group and support sufficiently wide enough to achieve two-point discrimination tactile feedback felt through a torso region of the skin of the user.

Abstract: A shaving blade cartridge includes a housing extending along a longitudinal axis, having first and second longitudinal sides, and being provided with a through hole extending transversally to the longitudinal axis through the housing. The shaving blade cartridge also includes at least one cutting blade and a clip retaining the at least one cutting blade in the housing and having a first leg, a second leg, and a clip body. The first and second legs of the clip are approximately parallel. The shaving blade cartridge is such that the first leg of the clip surrounds the first longitudinal side, and the second leg of the clip is received in the through hole.

Abstract: A food apparatus comprises a frame (1), a main body (5) and a blade body (25). The main body is set on the frame. The food cutting apparatus further comprises a lifting device (21) and a locking structure (20). The lifting device pushes the main body to move vertically. The blade body is fixed on the frame by the locking structure.

Abstract: A trim shear is adapted to trim the front and tail ends of a hot rolled product exiting from a rolling mill along a mill pass line and travelling at either high or low speeds, depending on the size of the product being rolled. The trim shear comprises a trim station having a high speed a set of trim knives configured and arranged to trim the front and tail ends of high speed products, and a different low speed set of trim knives disposed laterally from the high speed set of trim knives and configured and arranged to trim the front and tail ends of low speed products; and the trim station is transversely shifted with respect to the mill pass line to alternatively locate either one or the other of the sets of trim knives in an active position on the mill pass line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a punch for punching polymeric motor vehicle components, in particular bumpers, comprising a machine frame (1), at least one device for fixing a polymeric motor vehicle component (2) on the machine frame (1), and at least one punch device (3), wherein the punch device (3) comprises at least one punching tool (4) and at least one punching die (5). According to the invention, the punching tool (4) and/or the punching die (5) is/are fastened to a receiving device (6) of a movable carrier (7, 8), wherein the carrier (7, 8) has at least one further receiving device (6) for fastening at least one further processing apparatus (9, 10, 20, 30), such that the punch can be set to a new, different processing step involving the further processing apparatus (9, 10, 20, 30) by a movement of the carrier (7, 8).

Abstract: A composition for treating cellulosic materials is provided. The composition comprises a dispersion of micronized additives. The dispersion comprises additive particles with diameters in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. Also provided is a method for the application of the additive-containing composition to wood, as well as wood products which have been treated with the composition.

Abstract: A fatigue resistant gravity based spread footing under heavy multi-axial cyclical loading of a wind tower. The foundation having a central vertical pedestal, a substantially horizontal continuous bottom support slab, a plurality of radial reinforcing ribs extending radially outward from the pedestal. The pedestal, ribs and slab forming a continuous monolithic structure. The foundation having a three-dimensional network of post-tensioning elements that keep the structural elements under heavy multi-axial post compression with a specific eccentricity intended to reduce stress amplitudes and deflections and allows the foundation to have a desirable combination of high stiffness and superior fatigue resistance. The foundation design reduces the weight and volume of materials used, reduces cost, and improves heat dissipation conditions during construction by having a small ratio of concrete mass to surface area thus eliminating the risk of thermal cracking due to heat of hydration.

Abstract: A concrete mixing transport truck chute washout system with (a) a container unit with an upper region located above and fluidly communicating with a lower region, the upper region having a container unit sealing and seating feature, the upper region having a container unit open mouth, (b) a drainage valve positioned on the lower region of the container portion, and (c) a tray unit that detachably fits in the upper region of the container unit in the container unit open mouth, wherein the tray unit has a bottom with at least one opening formed therein and a tray unit sealing and seating feature, which tray unit sealing and seating feature engages with the container unit sealing and seating feature when the tray unit is placed in the upper region of the container unit.

Abstract: A mobile mixing apparatus for ensuring optimal mixing of a material includes a support member which is mobile on a support surface. A mixing drum is carried by the support member. The mixing drum has a base drum end, a side drum wall extending from the base drum end, an open drum end opposite the base drum end, a drum interior extending between the base drum end and the open drum end, a central inner surface and a base inner surface on the base drum end and a side inner surface on the side drum wall and facing the drum interior. A paddle assembly is disposed for rotation in the drum interior of the mixing drum. The paddle assembly includes a plurality of paddles engaging the central inner surface, the base inner surface and the side inner surface, respectively, of the mixing drum. At least one motor drivingly engages the paddle assembly for rotation in the drum interior of the mixing drum.

Abstract: A compression spring is retained in a spring retaining portion provided in a fixing cover. By a pressing portion formed in a main body cover, the compression spring can be pressed to generate a biasing force in an opening direction of the main body cover. The compression spring is retained in the spring retaining portion. Accordingly, the fixing cover and main body cover can be easily assembled.

Abstract: A powder heating assembly of a rapid prototyping apparatus includes a powder feeder and a heating module. The powder feeder includes an accommodation space and a powder falling port in communication with the accommodation space. The heating module is disposed under the powder feeder, and includes a thermally conductive cap and a heat conduction structure. The powder falling port is capped by the thermally conductive cap. The thermally conductive cap includes a powder exhaust port. The powder exhaust port is in communication with the powder falling port. The heat conduction structure is arranged between the accommodation space of the powder feeder and the thermally conductive cap and includes a heater. The heat generated by the heater is transferred to the construction powder within the powder feeder to preheat the construction powder, remove the moisture contained in the construction powder and dry the construction powder.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses by bringing together a pair of mold halves to form a closed mold assembly, are described. The method includes measuring a force applied to bring the mold halves together. The apparatus includes at least one force sensor in operative communication with a single pair of mold halves, and a controller for controlling a velocity of movement of a mold half and for determining when a measured force or average measured force is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold force.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for quick and easy rubber sleeve exchanges on chill rolls, such as are used in film extrusion processes. The apparatus includes chill roll or mandrel, a rubber sleeve covering the exterior face of the mandrel, an automated cantilever system, and an air booster. The rubber sleeve is easily removed by tilting the mandrel and inserting a layer of air between the rubber sleeve and the mandrel, thereby allowing the sleeve to slip off the mandrel and allowing for a new rubber sleeve to be placed onto the mandrel.

Abstract: Provided are a structure and a method of forming a structure that includes a core made, at least in part, of a rice hull composition. The rice hull composition including a combination of separate, unground rice hulls; ground rice hulls; and a rice hull powder, that each have a different particle size. A caustic-free polyurethane resin binds the separated unground rice hulls, the ground rice hulls and the rice hull powder together.

Abstract: Systems and methods for constructing concrete foundations are provided which allow for rapid and high-precision placement and alignment of anchor bolts across large distances. A frame system is constructed outside of an excavation and then suspended, using supports, over an excavation. The frame system can include a frame having one or more templates for anchor bolts, a form suspended from the frame, and a mat and cage assembly tied to the frame. The frame system can be aligned in proper position and the anchor bolts placed in the frame system before the concrete is placed. In this way, the anchor bolts can be cast in place as the footing is placed.

Abstract: An upper shell panel may be placed between first and second sections of a mold. The first section may include one or more expansion cavities and the second section may include one or more pour cavities. A foam-producing chemical mixture may be delivered into the one or more pour cavities and the mold may be closed. The delivered foam-producing chemical mixture may be allowed to expand within the closed mold and to force regions of the upper shell panel into the one or more expansion cavities. The upper shell panel may then be removed from the mold subsequent to the expansion of the delivered mixture.

Abstract: An injection molding machine has a die-height adjustment system. External screws formed individually on four tie-bars and die-height adjusting nuts threadedly engaged therewith are configured to be rotated independently with one another. In processes prior to mold clamping, the die-height adjusting nuts are rotated so that movable and stationary platen surfaces maintain a desired parallelism. During mold clamping, the die-height adjusting nuts are rotated so that clamping forces produced by the tie-bars are in a desired balance.

Abstract: A low constant pressure injection molding machine forms molded parts by injecting molten thermoplastic material into a mold cavity at low constant pressures of 6,000 psi and lower. As a result, the low constant pressure injection molding machine includes a mold formed of easily machineable material that is less costly and faster to manufacture than typical injection molds.

Abstract: A carousel-like continuous co-injection molding system includes an arrangement of upper and lower inclined feed channels. Each of the feed channels has a valve therein positioned upstream of an inlet to an associated mold cavity. The valve is controllable so that adjustments may be made in real time to achieve or maintain delivery of molten polymeric material to the mold cavity at constant pressure.