Abstract: A walking doll that produces a satisfying walking motion when assisted and vertically supported by a person holding the doll's hand and guiding the doll forward and from leg to leg, causing the weight to shift from leg to leg, and when the weight is relieved from one leg, that unweighted leg swings forward as a result of the influencing force of an internally located spring-like material, allowing each respective leg to move forward for the next step as weight is shifted from leg to leg.

Abstract: A ride-on vehicle is provided that has drive and spin functionalities. The ride-on vehicle comprises a first motor for a first drive wheel, and a second motor for a second drive wheel. The vehicle has a steering wheel having a go selector and a spin selector. A sensor obtains an output of the angular rotation location of the steering wheel. A controller is electrically connected to the first and second motors, the go selector, the spin selector, and the steering wheel sensor, wherein engaging the go selector and turning the steering wheel causes the vehicle to move forward, left or right, depending on the angular location of the steering wheel, and wherein engaging the spin selector and turning the steering wheel causes the vehicle to spin left or spin right, depending on the angular location of the steering wheel. The vehicle may also be controlled remotely by a remote control.

Abstract: A system with light-weight drinking cups that use small ball magnets embedded in the cup rim and in the bottom cup center. In a preferred embodiment, there can be four magnets at four locations around the rim and a magnet in the center of the bottom of the cup. This arrangement allows cups to be stacked easily even by very young children in a large variety of ways and configurations. The ball magnets align in an attraction mode. Hence, any two cups can be stuck together simply by bringing two of the magnets into proximity. The toy can yield large stacks with connections in many different configurations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a self-assembly block toy set in which each block interlocks with each other laterally, at right angles along the side of each of the blocks, vertically or in other various ways, thereby being assembled into diverse models. The self-assembly block toy set includes a plurality of square blocks, wherein the square block includes a main body unit that assumes the shape of a square prism with specific height, an interlocking unit that forms outside each side of the main body unit, a vertical interlocking protuberance or a vertical interlocking slot that forms on the top surface and the bottom surface of the main body unit, a cross axis inserting hole that forms at the center of the main body unit and a plurality of interlocking unit inserting holes that form in the main body unit except for the cross axis inserting hole.

Abstract: The invention relates to planarly connectable toy bricks comprising an unilaterally open, box-like hollow body and plug-in pins at the bottom outer side and bottom domes on the bottom inner side. In order to achieve increased frictional force both plug-in pins on the upper side of the toy brick and bottom domes on the bottom side of the toy brick are designed as an n-rectangular straight prism having parallel and equally long side edges. Ribs are designed as double-webbed retaining protrusions, the plug-in pins have through-holes of different shapes at the bottom as well as stabilizing webs which extend between the retaining protrusions and parallel thereto. A click system is provided, which ensures that user has apart from the visual and haptic perception an acoustic perception of the completion of the clamping of two toy bricks.

Abstract: Peel-and-stick apparatuses for building blocks generally comprise peel-and-stick plates for disposing on surfaces, such as tables, walls, floors, or other like surfaces to provide surfaces whereby building blocks may be appended. Other embodiments of the present invention comprise peel-and-stick table drawers, peel-and-stick mount tubs, curved plates, and scored plates for easily breaking the same to change the sizes thereof. Systems and methods of using the same are further provided.

Abstract: A dual phase re-circulating extraction apparatus comprises at least one extraction vessel, at least one separation chamber, and a circulation conduit configured to direct a process fluid into the extraction vessel, where it may come into contact with a source material to form a mixture, and is then passed to the separation chamber, where the process fluid separates from the extracted material, and the process fluid is recirculated back to the extraction vessel. The apparatus includes a gas pump, at least one heat exchanger, and a liquid pump, each connected to the conduit, to efficiently convert a relatively low pressure gas after separation to a relatively high pressure liquid or supercritical fluid for extraction. The apparatus can be configured to enable a batch mode process allowing continuous flow to the separators while the extractors are cycled online and offline in a sequence to enable servicing and reloading.

Abstract: The present method applies Pulsed electric fields adding additional control variables for the extraction of target organic compounds from plant material. A current method of extraction of target Cannabaceae plants during processing provides methods to accelerate drying and extraction of these oil rich plants where the pre-removal of water is beneficial aiding in decreased process times. The methods include applying electric fields to the plant material to accelerate the dehydration, and the extraction of target organic compounds.

Abstract: A multi-layer media bed filter with an increasing density of media from the finest media on the top to the coarsest media on the bottom is backwashed using air without significantly disrupting stratification of the media layers. When the air is stopped, the contaminants in the liquid above the finest media that were removed by the airflow are flushed away either with liquid injected above the media or by a liquid flow through the media that does not remove the finest media. The amount of contaminants that remain in the finest media with the stratification-maintaining air backwash is significantly less than when using liquid backwash alone, whether the liquid backwash uses a flow rate sufficient to suspend the micromedia or below a suspending flow rate.

Abstract: A filter pad is described herein. The filter pad can include carbon and a fibrous material. The filter pad can be used to filter contaminated edible oil. For example, the filter pad can be used to remove total polar molecules and lovibond color red from used cooking oil.

Abstract: A baghouse and filter assembly is provided for at least partially removing particulate matter from a gas stream. The filter assembly includes a first and second filter sections to be coupled together by a coupler for establishing fluid communication between the first and second filter sections when connected. The coupler includes a first coupling portion including an interior passage through which the gas stream can pass in an axial direction between the first and second filter sections and a hook projecting from the first coupling portion. The coupler includes a gasket that sealingly engages both the first and second coupling portions when the first coupling portion is connected with the second coupling portion to form a substantially gas-tight seal.

Abstract: The plugged honeycomb structure includes a plurality of honeycomb segments, a bonding layer, and plugging portions which plug open ends of cells of each honeycomb segment, and in the honeycomb segment, at least two types of cells having different sectional shapes are formed to constitute predetermined repeated arrangement patterns, and in rim circumferential wall cells including rims of the cells surrounded with partition walls and segment circumferential walls, an inflow open area of each corner rim circumferential wall cell disposed in each corner portion of the honeycomb segment is 1.1 times or more as large as an average inflow open area of non-corner rim circumferential wall cells arranged in portions other than the corner portions, or an outflow open area of the corner rim circumferential wall cell is 1.1 times or more as large as an average outflow open area of the non-corner rim circumferential wall cells.

Abstract: The plugged honeycomb structure includes a plurality of honeycomb segments, a bonding layer, and plugging portions which plug open ends of cells of each honeycomb segment, and in the honeycomb segment, at least two types of cells having different sectional shapes are formed to constitute predetermined repeated arrangement patterns, and a ratio of a value R2s obtained by dividing an average sectional area S2in of inflow cells by an average sectional area S2out of outflow cells in a partial rim circumferential wall cell region is in a range of 1.7 times or more and 2.0 times or less to a value R1s obtained by dividing an average sectional area S1in of the inflow cells by an average sectional area S1out of the outflow cells in a whole rim partition wall cell region.

Abstract: An air filter arrangement is disclosed. The air filter arrangement includes media comprising corrugated media secured to facing media and defining a media pack having opposite flow faces. Media pack arrangements including such media are described. Also described are filter cartridges including such media packs and air cleaners including the filter cartridges. Advantageous housing seal arrangements having a pinch seal member and forming a trough are described. Methods of assembly and use are also provided. Also, systems of use are described.

Abstract: An intake system component includes a side wall and a holding sheet arranged on an inner surface of the side wall. The side wall is formed by a fibrous body including base material fibers and binder fibers that bond together the base material fibers. The binder fibers have a lower melting point than the base material fibers. The holding sheet is formed in the same manner as the side wall by a fibrous body including the base material fibers and the binder fibers that bond together the base material fibers. The binder fibers have a lower melting point than the base material fibers. The holding sheet includes a holding portion and a joined portion. The holding portion holds an adsorbent that adsorbs a fuel component. The joined portion is located around the holding portion and joined with the inner surface of the side wall by the binder fibers.

Abstract: A honeycomb rotor recovering and concentrating apparatus recovers a gas such as carbon dioxide from flue gases and the like and may be capable of utilizing low-temperature waste heat 100° C. or less. The proposed method involves sorbing carbon dioxide while vaporizing and cooling by contacting a water-insoluble carbon dioxide sorbing material (solid amines, etc.) having an acidic gas sorptive capacity with a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide in a wet state. Warm water is brought into contact with the water-insoluble carbon dioxide sorbing material sorbed with carbon dioxide to desorb high concentration of carbon dioxide. The warm water is separated from the water-insoluble carbon dioxide sorbent material desorbed from carbon dioxide. Then the apparatus is returned from the separation step to the sorption step. Thereby, it is possible to drastically increase the recovery rate and recovery concentration of acidic gas (carbon dioxide) continuously.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for gas denitration, involving first the use of an oxidizing agent to oxidize NO in a gas to NO2, then using a denitration agent to absorb the NO2 in the gas, thus achieving the purpose of denitration.

Abstract: Techniques for hydrogen sensing and mitigation are provided. As one example, a device includes a chamber and a membrane that is permeable to a first gas and is impermeable to a second gas. The membrane separates the chamber from a gas mixture that contains the first gas, such that the first gas in the gas mixture can only enter the chamber via the membrane. The device also includes a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure within the chamber.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine system and an aftertreatment system coupled to an exhaust outlet of the gas turbine system and configured to treat exhaust gases exiting the exhaust outlet. The aftertreatment system includes a cooling unit configured to cool the exhaust gases and a carbon dioxide (CO2) treatment unit coupled to the cooling unit and configured to treat cooled exhaust gases by reducing an amount of CO2 in the cooled exhaust gases with lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The aftertreatment system includes a LiOH supply unit coupled to the CO2 treatment unit and configured to feed LiOH into the CO2 treatment unit such that a reaction between LiOH and CO2 occurs inside the CO2 treatment unit to convert CO2 into lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and water (H2O). The aftertreatment system also includes a treated exhaust outlet coupled to the CO2 treatment unit and configured to discharge treated exhaust gases.

Abstract: A process for the removal of CO2 from flue gases using a co-current flow absorption column followed by one or more serial osmotic filters. The permeate is heated to strip out the CO2. Both sides of the filters are fed back to the column input.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method for real time material identification is described that comprises determining an approximate mass value for an unknown material from spectral information derived from mass spectral analysis of the unknown material; retrieving profile models that correspond to a known material from a data structure using the approximate mass value; fitting a sample profile for the unknown material from the spectral information to the profile models to generate a fit score for each fit, wherein the lowest fit score corresponds to the best fit; calculating a mass value from the best fitting profile model and the sample profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous separation article having a fluoropolymer, polyamide, PEEK, or PEKK binder interconnecting one or more types of interactive powdery materials or fibers. The interconnectivity is such that the binder connects the powdery materials or fibers in discrete spots rather than as a complete coating, allowing the materials or fibers to be in direct contact with, and interact with a fluid. The resulting article is a formed multicomponent, interconnected web, with porosity. The separation article is useful in water purification, as well as in the separation of dissolved or suspended materials in both aqueous and non-aqueous systems in industrial uses. The separation article can function at ambient temperature, as well as at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The invention concerns polyimide membranes, preferably composed of P84 type 70 or P84 HT, having improved chemical and physical properties, a method of producing same and also their use.

Abstract: A wine aerating device for adding oxygen containing gas into wine, the device comprising a gas cylinder containing pressurised gas which contains more than 21% oxygen by volume when measured at atmospheric conditions, a tube with a first end in fluid communication with the gas cylinder to a membrane which is in fluid communication with a second end of the tube, wherein the membrane is insertable through the neck of a wine bottle so that, in use, oxygen gas diffuses via the membrane into the wine, wherein the said membrane has a pore size of 0.1 ?m to 10 ?m, preferably 1 ?m to 10 ?m.

Abstract: A gravimetric blender includes a vertical conduit, a vacuum pump having a suction inlet communicating with the interior of the conduit, a plurality of receivers connected to the conduit and vertically supported thereby with each receiver having a single tube therewithin extending from the resin material/vacuum drawn stream inlet to the connection of the receiver with the conduit.

Abstract: A device (1) for mixing which comprises a housing (2) with at least one inlet (3). A first process region (4) mixes the supplied substances which are introduced via the inlet (3) while a second process region (5) discharges the mixture via an outlet (6). A first gap-forming element (7), preferably a rotor, is assigned to the first process region (4) and comprises openings (8), and a second gap-forming element (9), preferably a stator, is assigned to the second process region (5) and corresponds with the first gap-forming element (7), wherein the second gap-forming element (9) comprises openings (10). At least one of the gap-forming elements (7, 9) is rotatable relative to the other gap-forming element (7, 9). The openings (8, 10) of the first and second gap-forming elements (7, 9) are arranged such that a mixture passes through the openings from the first into the second process region.

Abstract: A culture medium preparator includes a cylindrical vessel that terminates at the low part in a substantially hemispherical cap, a lid and a stirrer placed in the vessel. The stirrer includes a vertical tube placed in the center of the vessel, a plurality of blades put into rotation about the tube and magnetic masses at the periphery so that they are placed in proximity to the internal wall of the vessel. The preparator furthermore includes a magnetic ring in rotation about the internal wall at the same height as the magnetic masses. The magnets attract the magnetic masses, the magnetic ring being moved in rotation by a motor. In this way, the stirrer is driven in rotation without requiring mechanical elements placed inside the vessel, the absence of such elements facilitating the cleaning.

Abstract: A nozzle for producing microparticles includes a nozzle body having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. The nozzle body further includes a through-hole extending from the first end through the second end. A fluid passageway is defined in the through-hole and forms a filling port in the first end of the nozzle body and a plurality of outlet ports in the second end of the nozzle body. The nozzle body further includes an oscillating device and an amplifying portion. The oscillating device is connected to the amplifying portion. The amplifying portion surrounds the fluid passageway and is located adjacent to the second end of the nozzle body.

Abstract: A method for generating a hybrid reaction flows feedstock gas that is also a plasma medium through microchannels. Plasma is generated with the plasma medium via excitation with a time-varying voltage. UV or VUV emissions are generated at a wavelength selected to break a chemical bond in the feedstock gas. The UV or VUV emissions are directed into the microchannels to interact with the plasma medium and generate a reaction product from the plasma medium. A hybrid reactor device includes a microchannel plasma array having inlets and outlets for respectively flowing gas feedstock into and reaction product out of the microchannel plasma array. A UV or VUV emission lamp has its emissions directed into microchannels of the microchannel plasma array. Electrodes ignite plasma in the microchannels and stimulating the UV or VUV emission lamp to generate UV or VUV emissions. One common or plural phased time-varying voltage sources drive the plasma array and the UV or VUV emission lamp.

Abstract: The activation of the C—H bond using low temperature plasma with an inlet liquid stream such that value added products are formed effectively. An organic liquid (e.g., hexane which is immiscible with liquid water) is injected into a flowing gas (argon) stream followed by mixing with a liquid water stream. Thereafter, the mixture contacts a plasma region formed by a pulsed electric discharge. The plasma formed with the flowing liquid and gas between the two electrodes causes chemical reactions that generate various compounds.

Abstract: A particle control method is provided which can prevent an extremely small quantity of particles descending on a stream of a laminar flow in a clean zone through which the laminar flow flows as in a RABS or isolator device from descending to a specific position or can guide it so as to descend to the specific position by controlling movement of the particles. A particle descent position is separated away from a board surface of the oscillation board by using an acoustic radiation pressure generated by prompting ultrasonic vibration of the oscillation board disposed with a board surface substantially in parallel with a flow direction of the laminar flow.

Abstract: A method for preparation of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution through pulsed laser, comprises firstly preparing an aqueous solution including HAuCl4.H2O and H2O2, followed by allowing a catalytic light source to emit into the aqueous solution for catalysis, such that a plurality of gold nanoparticles are formed in the aqueous solution, the catalytic light source being a pulsed laser. Additionally, it is also possible for firstly placing a porous silicon substrate into the aqueous solution, and then allowing the catalytic light source to emit into the aqueous solution for catalysis, such that the gold nanoparticles are grown on the surface of the porous silicon substrate. In this way, the gold nanoparticles of smaller particle diameters with more uniform size may be obtained without adding a surfactant during the preparation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for the synthesis of chemical compounds, e.g., radiopharmaceutical compounds. In one implementation, the apparatus may include a synthesis module and a loading module configured to receive multiple chemical cassettes having reagents and a transfer mechanism. The apparatus may further include a shifter configured to move the cassettes from a location on the loading module to a location connected to the synthesis module on an interface configured to connect to the cassette.

Abstract: An adsorbent system includes a passage and first and second adsorbents arranged in series in the passage. The first adsorbent includes granules of non-impregnated charcoal and the second adsorbent includes granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent. The granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent have, by weight, at least 20% acid or metal salt content.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the adsorptive removal of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from contaminated water sources and systems. The compositions contain carbon fly ash doped with silver nanoparticles at specific mass ratios. Methods of preparing and characterizing the adsorbents are also provided.

Abstract: A process of forming a direct NOx catalyst includes the steps of providing a palladium salt, providing a silicon oxide support material, mixing the palladium salt and silicon oxide support material in an aqueous solution, evaporating the aqueous solution forming a solid, calcining the solid, and then exposing the calcined solid to a pretreatment gas at a specified temperature to form a desired direct NOx catalyst. When the process includes exposing the calcined solid to helium gas at a temperature of from 650 to 1000° C. the catalyst may include a mixture of palladium and palladium oxide having a particle size of from 5 to 150 nm where the palladium particles are discrete particles without sintering and the mixture may include 41% by weight palladium oxide and 51% by weight palladium metal.

Abstract: Metal oxides having a lower activation temperature and enhanced oxygen mobility are disclosed. The metal oxides comprise oxygen (O), cerium (Ce) and one or both of iron (Fe) and uranium (U). Also disclosed are methods for producing hydrogen or carbon monoxide from water or carbon dioxide using the metal oxides.

Abstract: Process for preparing a catalyst support which process comprises a) mixing pentasil zeolite having a bulk silica to alumina molar ratio in the range of from 20 to 150 with water, a silica source and an alkali metal salt, b) extruding the mixture obtained in step (a), c) drying and calcining the extrudates obtained in step (b), d) subjecting the calcined extrudates obtained in step (c) to ion exchange to reduce the alkali metal content, and e) drying the extrudates obtained in step (d); process for preparing a catalyst by furthermore impregnating such support with platinum in an amount in the range of from 0.001 to 0.1 wt % and tin in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 0.5 wt %, each on the basis of total catalyst; ethylbenzene dealkylation catalyst obtainable thereby and a process for dealkylation of ethylbenzene which process comprises contacting feedstock containing ethylbenzene with such catalyst.

Abstract: A new crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite comprising a MTT framework has been synthesized that has been designated UZM-55. This zeolite is represented by the empirical formula: M+mRrAl1-xExSiyOz where M represents a metal or metals selected from zinc or Group 1 (IUPAC 1), Group 2 (IUPAC 2), Group 3 (IUPAC 3) or the lanthanide series of the periodic table including sodium, potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium cations, R is an organic structure directing agent or agents derived from reactants R1 and R2 such as where R1 is diisopropanolamine and R2 is a chelating diamine, and E is an element selected from the group consisting of gallium, iron, boron and mixtures thereof. Catalysts made from UZM-55 have utility in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a method for synthesizing a fatty olefin derivative. The method includes: a) contacting an olefin according to Formula I with a metathesis reaction partner according to Formula IIb in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesis product according to Formula IIIb: and b) converting the metathesis product to the fatty olefin derivative. Each R1 is independently selected from H, C1-18 alkyl, and C2-18 alkenyl; R2b is C1-8 alkyl; subscript y is an integer ranging from 0 to 17; and subscript z is an integer ranging from 0 to 17. In certain embodiments, the metathesis catalyst is a tungsten catalyst or a molybdenum catalyst. In various embodiments, the fatty olefin derivative is a pheromone. Pheromone compositions and methods of using them are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quaternized diethylenetriamine-functionalized polyacrylate bead polymers, to a process for preparing same and to their use in the removal of oxoanions, particularly chromium (VI) oxoanions from aqueous- and/or organics solutions.

Abstract: A sub-1 ?L pipette having a small diameter metal tube that is concentrically located within the tip mounting shaft/portion of the pipette and extends from the distal end thereof by some predetermined distance so as to seal against the interior of a pipette tip that is installed to the tip mounting portion. The use of a small diameter metal tube and sealing of the metal tube against the inner surface of the pipette tip near a distal opening of the pipette tip allows for a minimal ullage volume.

Abstract: Pipette tip coupler and a disposable pipette tip for a pipette device comprises a stepped coupler shoulder complementary to an axially stepped pipette tip shoulder; a first elastomeric element carried by the coupler at a location superior to the coupler shoulder; and a second elastomeric element carried by the coupler at a location inferior to the coupler shoulder wherein the first elastomeric element has a compressed radially expanded state that provides a sealing abutment with a first working surface formed in the interior surface of the pipette tip while compressing the second elastomeric element into sealing abutment with a second working surface formed in the interior surface of the pipette tip and while abutting the proximally facing axial stop surface of the pipette tip with the distally facing axial stop surface of the pipette coupler to define an axial coupling position of the pipette tip on the pipette device.

Abstract: Fluidic devices and methods including those that provide storage and/or facilitate fluid handling of reagents are provided. Fluidic devices described herein may include channel segments positioned on two sides of an article, optionally connected by an intervening channel passing through the article. The channel segments may be used to store reagents in the device prior to first use by an end user. The stored reagents may include fluid plugs positioned in linear order so that during use, as fluids flow to a reaction site, they are delivered in a predetermined sequence. The specific geometries of the channel segments and the positions of the channel segments within the fluidic devices described herein may allow fluid reagents to be stored for extended periods of time without mixing, even during routine handling of the devices such as during shipping of the devices, and when the devices are subjected to physical shock or vibration.

Abstract: There is provided plate equipped with a mechanism to facilitate determination of the amount of a fluid added to or removed from a well in the plate. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A liquid handling device having an axis of rotation about which the device can be rotated to drive liquid flow in the device. The device includes an upstream chamber comprising an outlet, a downstream chamber including a proximal portion radially inwards of a distal portion and including a first port disposed in the distal portion and a first conduit which connects the outlet of the upstream chamber to the first port of the downstream chamber. The first conduit extends radially inwards to a crest and radially outwards from the crest to the first port of the downstream chamber. A distance between the axis of rotation and the crest is greater than or equal to a distance between the axis of rotation and the outlet of the upstream chamber.

Abstract: Single-sided optoelectrowetting (SSOEW)-configured substrates are provided, as well as microfluidic devices that include such substrates. The substrates can include a planar electrode, a photoconductive (or photosensitive) layer, a dielectric layer (single-layer or composite), a mesh electrode, and a hydrophobic coating. Fluid droplets can be moved across the hydrophobic coating of such substrates in a light-actuated manner, upon the application of a suitable AC voltage potential across the substrate and the focusing of light into the photoconductive layer of the substrate in a location proximal to the droplets. Walls can be disposed upon the substrates to form the microfluidic devices. Together the walls and substrate can form a microfluidic circuit, through which droplets can be moved.

Abstract: A method for testing a biological sample wherein the sample is divided into a plurality of sample portions, is fed to a sensor arrangement in a first conveying direction and is carried away in a second conveying direction which is opposite to the first conveying direction, and/or a sensor cover is lowered onto a sensor apparatus multiple times. Furthermore, a cartridge for testing a biological sample wherein different fluidic circuits can be formed by actuating valves in the cartridge, and the sample or another fluid can be conveyed in the fluidic circuits by means of a pump apparatus.

Abstract: A cartridge for testing a biological sample. The cartridge has a closure element that is fastened to the cartridge in a form-fit or interlocking manner and is a multi-component injection molded closure part having an integrated seal so as to be able to fluidically close a receiving cavity having an integrated vent. The cartridge also has a film cover and an additional aluminum cover in the region of storage cavities for liquid reagents.

Abstract: An analysis system for testing a biological sample wherein a sensor cover can be or is pneumatically lowered onto a sensor apparatus in order to detect an analyte of the sample.