Abstract: An example embodiment may include an interferometer. The interferometer may include a multimode waveguide with an input waveguide optically coupled to a first side of the multimode waveguide, for feeding a light signal to the multimode waveguide. The interferometer may also include a first waveguide at one end optically coupled to a second side of the multimode waveguide, and at the other end terminated by a first waveguide mirror. The interferometer may also include a second waveguide at one end optically coupled to the second side of the multimode waveguide and at the other end terminated by a second waveguide mirror. The multimode waveguide may be adapted to distribute the light signal towards the first and second waveguide mirror via the first waveguide and via the second waveguide.

Abstract: Methods and media for compensating for irregular motion in three-dimensional spectroscopy are provided herein. Exemplary methods include: receiving a plurality of spectrographs for a series of respective locations and corresponding images of the respective locations, each spectrograph of the plurality of spectrographs being produced using a spectrographic data set of a plurality of spectrographic data sets, each of the plurality of spectrographic data sets being measured by a spectrograph and each of the corresponding images being captured by a camera at substantially the same time, the spectrograph being coupled to the camera such that the spectrograph and camera move in tandem and at least partially share the same point of view; generating a continuous image using the images; identifying a respective corresponding position in the continuous image for each spectrograph, such that each spectrograph is a measurement of the respective position; and associating each spectrograph with the respective position.

Abstract: A multi-spectral imager useful for weather mapping, comprising an array of filters on at least one focal plane array (FPA) including pixels. Each of the filters are associated with a different set of the pixels, and each of the filters transmit a portion of electromagnetic radiation, comprising a different band of wavelengths, to the set of the pixels associated with the filter. A circuit connected to the pixels reads out a signal outputted from each of a plurality of different pixels in the set and outputs the signals to an adder. The adder sums the signals from each of the plurality of different pixels in the set to form a sum used for generating a weather map.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed herein provide for gas imaging. A gas imaging system comprises a lenslet array configured to receive thermal radiation from a scene and transmit a plurality of substantially identical sub-images of the thermal radiation; a birefringent polarization interferometer configured to generate an optical path difference for each ray of the plurality of sub-images based on a respective position of each ray entering the BPI, the optical path differences combining to form an interference fringe pattern; and an infrared focal plane array configured to capture a thermal image of the plurality of sub-images modulated by the interference fringe pattern due to the optical path differences through the BPI. The captured thermal image may represent a plurality of interferogram sample points of the thermal radiation from the scene, and may be used to construct a plurality of hyperspectral images of the thermal radiation from the scene.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and related system for spectrum optimization of an illumination light source. Spectrum optimization according to the present disclosure can be based on various optimization parameters, including but not limited to luminous efficacy, color rendering effect, luminous efficacy of radiation, mesopic efficacy of radiation, cirtopic efficacy of radiation, etc. The present method and system are capable of optimizing illumination performance of a light source in various aspects in an individual or integrated manner. Further, the present method and system are capable of accommodating different illumination purposes and conditions by combining and prioritizing different optimization parameters.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hyperspectral image measurement device is provided to include: a main body; an illumination module disposed in the main body and including LEDs having different peak wavelengths to irradiate light to a subject; a camera disposed on the main body and receiving light reflected from the subject to acquire an image of the subject; a barrel having a contact surface contacting the subject, the contact surface located to be spaced apart from the illumination module and the camera module by a predetermined distance; and a reference cover located on the contact surface and including a standard reflection layer for reflecting light irradiated from the illumination module toward the camera module.

Abstract: Embodiments provide an integrated miniature polarimeter and spectrograph (IMPS) and associated methods for using an IMPS to determine Stokes parameters to describe a source beam. In one embodiment an IMPs is provided comprising a spectropolarimeter module. The spectropolarimeter module comprises a miniature optical bench; a slit component; a birefringent wedge; a dichroic prism; a spectral disperser; and a focal plane array. The slit component, birefringent wedge, dichroic prism, spectral disperser, and focal plane array are mounted to the miniature optical bench such that a beam incident on the slit component will be incident on (1) the birefringent wedge, (2) the dichroic prism, (3) the spectral disperser, and (4) the focal plane array, in that order.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring a stability of a spectrum are provided. The apparatus for monitoring stability of a spectrum includes a spectroscope configured to measure a spectrum of a sample and a processor configured to calculate a similarity change index of the measured spectrum and to determine the stability of the measured spectrum by analyzing the calculated similarity change index.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a color recognition device and a color recognition method, and belongs to the technical field of color recognition. In an embodiment, the color recognition device includes a head portion and a main body portion; the head portion has a groove in which a sensor module configured to capture color information of the object to be detected is disposed; and the main body portion includes: a storage module configured for storing standard color parameters of a variety of colors, and a central processing unit configured for comparing color information of the object to be detected with the standard color parameters of the variety of colors stored in the storage module, to recognize color of the object to be detected.

Abstract: A shield plate is a shield plate related to non-contact measurement of temperature of a semiconductor apparatus, and includes a base of which temperature is adjustable, in which the amount of thermal radiation of a blackbody surface located on one side of the base is larger than the amount of thermal radiation of a reflective surface located on a side opposite to the blackbody surface, and the blackbody surface is a blackbody surface that emits infrared rays.

Abstract: An electronic device for measuring an ambient temperature (Tair) of the environment of an electronic device is described. It comprises at least one integrated infrared sensor, a blinded window preventing infrared radiation to directly impinge on the integrated infrared sensor and being in thermal contact with the environment as well as with a cover of the device resulting in the blinded window being at a surface temperature (Tsurface). The at least one integrated infrared sensor is adapted for sensing the temperature of the blinded window (Tsurface). The device also comprises at least one absolute temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the at least one infrared sensor (Tsensor) itself, and a processing means for determining a temperature difference (?T) between the sensed surface temperature (Tsurface) and the temperature of the infrared sensor (Tsensor) and for calculating based thereon the ambient temperature (Tair).

Abstract: In one approach, a method of fabricating radiation detection devices includes: forming a structural layer overlying a frontside of a substrate; forming a metallic layer overlying the structural layer; releasing each of a plurality of devices on the substrate by etching a backside of the substrate, wherein each device comprises a plate and legs attached to the plate, the legs comprising at least a portion of the metallic layer; and sealing each of the plurality of devices, the sealing comprising: attaching a transparent cavity cap to the frontside of the substrate; and attaching a radiation-transparent substrate to the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to accretion detection, and more particularly to system and a method for accretion detection within an iron kiln. The iron kiln includes a cylindrical body for holding and processing molten iron ore. In one embodiment, method includes receiving, in real-time, a first plurality of temperature values from a plurality of sensors configured on distinct locations on the outer surface of the iron kiln and is associated with a distinct sensor ID. The plurality of temperature values are compared with a reference temperature value to identify deviation in temperature gradient associated with the outer surface. Subsequently on identifying the deviation corresponding to one or more sensors, a second plurality of temperature values of surrounding locations of the one or more sensors is recorded and the presence of the accretion in the iron kiln is determined based on the second plurality of temperature values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a temperature probe (10) comprising a temperature-dependent measuring element (ME), which measuring element (ME) can be contacted via at least a first connecting line (1) and at least a second connecting line (2), the first connecting line (1) having a first and a second portion (T1, T2), and the first and the second portions (T1, T2) consisting of different materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure herein relates to a device for measuring a thermoelectric performance. The device for measuring a thermoelectric performance of a thermoelectric material, which includes a support module configured to generate temperature difference between both ends of the thermoelectric material, a fixing module detachably coupled to the support module to support the thermoelectric material, a temperature measuring unit electrically connected to the fixing module to measure temperature of each of the both ends of the thermoelectric material, and an electromotive force measuring unit electrically connected to the fixing module to measure thermoelectromotive force generated between the both ends of the thermoelectric material. Here, the fixing module includes a first heat sink part and a second heat sink part, which respectively support the both ends of the thermoelectric material.

Abstract: A method for temperature sensing and control of resistive heating elements includes providing a power signal to a heater, the power signal having pulse width modulated (PWM) power pulses, providing a measurement pulse to the heater, with the measurement pulse being between two PWM power pulses, measuring a voltage across the heater, and determining a resistance of the heater according to the voltage across the heater and a current of the measurement pulse. A temperature of the heater is determined according to the determined resistance of the heater.

Abstract: A temperature sensor element has such a structure as, when reinforcing lead wires on internal electrodes with a paste, one side surface of each of the lead wires is covered with a reinforcement paste and the other side surface is not covered with the reinforcement paste without covering the entire lead wires welded and connected to the internal electrodes. This allows elimination of cause of cracks generating, thereby securing sufficient joining strength and reinforcement of conductivity of the internal electrodes and the lead wires, and securing connection strength between the lead wires and the internal electrodes.

Abstract: Methods and systems accurately determine an analyte concentration in a fluid sample. In an example embodiment, a receiving port receives a test sensor. The test sensor includes a fluid-receiving area for receiving a fluid sample. The fluid-receiving area contains a reagent that produces a measurable reaction with an analyte in the fluid sample. The test sensor has a test-sensor temperature and the reagent has a reagent temperature. A measurement system measures the reaction between the reagent and the analyte. A temperature-measuring system measures the test sensor temperature when the test sensor is received into the receiving port. A concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample is determined according to the measurement of the reaction and the measurement of the test sensor temperature. A diagnostic system determines an accuracy of the temperature-measuring system. The calculation of the analyte concentration may be adjusted according to the accuracy of temperature-measuring system.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a piezoelectric part; a first substrate and a second substrate, provided at both sides of the piezoelectric part, respectively; a first electrode layer, located between the first substrate and the piezoelectric part; and a second electrode layer, located between the electrode substrate and the piezoelectric part, wherein a surface of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate close to the piezoelectric part is provided with a convex portion.

Abstract: In one aspect, a load cell includes an elastic body, first optical unit, second optical unit, detector, and computation unit. The first optical unit has a light source, a first diffraction grating on which light from the light source is incident, and a light-receiving unit. The first optical unit is fixed to a first end portion of the elastic body and arranged within a hollow portion of the elastic body. The second optical unit has a second diffraction grating on which diffracted light from the first diffraction grating is incident to generate interference light. The second optical unit is fixed to a second end portion of the elastic body and arranged within the hollow portion. The detector detects the interference light. The computation unit computes a relative displacement amount of the second diffraction grating relative to the first diffraction grating on the basis of a signal obtained by the detector.

Abstract: A device for detecting strains and transmitting detected data that can be applied to the surface of a structure to be monitored or incorporated in the structure is provided. The device allows to reliably acquire and transmit data concerning the strains undergone by the structure. The device comprises a matrix made of an electrically insulating material, in which at least one or more strain sensors, an electronic circuit and an antenna electrically connected to one another are embedded. One or more strain sensors are made of a material selected from metals and metal alloys, electrically conductive resins and electrically conductive inks.

Abstract: Achieving high spatial resolution in contact sensing for robotic manipulation often comes at the price of increased complexity in fabrication and integration. One traditional approach is to fabricate a large number of taxels, each delivering an individual, isolated response to a stimulus. The proposed sensors include a continuous volume of soft material, e.g., a transparent polymer, and light emitting diodes configured to emit light into the transparent volume that can be received by photodetectors. The location and depth of indentations can be measured between all pairs of light emitting diodes and photodetectors in the set, and this rich signal set can contain the information needed to pinpoint contact location with high accuracy using regression algorithms.

Abstract: An electric power steering system includes a system housing, an electric motor, a steering shaft assembly, and an electronic control unit. The electric motor is disposed within a motor housing that is disposed within and is attached to the system housing. The steering shaft assembly has a torsion bar that that extends at least partially through the system housing and motor housing. The electronic control unit a printed circuit board and a torque sensor. The printed circuit board is disposed within and is attached to the system housing. The torque sensor is disposed on the printed circuit board and is arranged to provide a signal indicative of angular displacement of the torsion bar.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to methods and systems for detecting pressure. A pressure sensor assembly may comprise a sensor unit having a pressure input port on one side, the sensor unit comprising a printed circuit board; a pressure sensor secured to a side of the printed circuit board; a support secured to the side of the printed circuit board, the support circumferentially surrounding the pressure sensor and defining the pressure input port; and a media isolation layer comprising a first media isolation layer applied adjacent to the pressure sensor, and a second media isolation layer comprising a material different from the first media isolation layer located between the first media isolation layer and the pressure input port, wherein the media isolation layer is configured to transfer a pressure caused by a sense media to the pressure sensor.

Abstract: An interface circuit for a sensor including: a first injection-locked oscillator having: a first input coupled to a sensor, a free-running oscillation frequency of the first injection-locked oscillator being controlled by a signal from the sensor; and a second input coupled to receive a synchronization signal at a reference frequency, the first injection-locked oscillator being adapted to generate an output signal at said reference frequency, the output signal being phase shifted with respect to the synchronization signal as a function of the signal from the sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to methods and systems for determining a seismic response of a man-made structure to a given input earthquake. Sensors are used to obtain vibration data for data collection locations from one or more floors of the man-made structure, which may be ambient vibration data or vibration data resulting from forced vibration or shock testing. The vibration data is used to determine modal characteristics for the man-made structure, including mode shapes, natural frequencies, and damping ratios. The mass, centre-of-mass, and moment of inertia is also determined for the floors of the man-made structure. The modal characteristics are then translated from the data collection locations to the centre-of-mass based on the structure of the floors. Then, a seismic response of the man-made structure to an input earthquake is determined using the translated modal characteristics and the mass and moment of inertia of the floors.

Abstract: A system and method for pipeline inspection may include a transport module having a sensor arrangement configured to carry one or more sensors, and it may be movable longitudinally through the pipeline and circumferentially around an interior of the pipeline. The sensor arrangement may include a sensor and a sensor cover selectively disposable over the sensor for isolating the sensor from contact with the inside surface of a wall of the pipeline. The sensor cover may include a cleaning arrangement disposed proximate the sensor for removing debris from the sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to valves, and more particularly, to gas valve assemblies. In one example, a valve leakage test and/or other tests may be performed on a valve assembly including a valve body with a first valve and a second valve, where the valves may be positioned across a fluid path in the valve body with an intermediate volume between the valves. A human machine interface (HMI) may be in communication with the valve assembly to initiate and/or monitor tests on the valve assembly. The HMI may include a start button on a user interface for initiating the tests on valve assembly. The HMI may receive results of the tests (e.g., valve leakage tests) in real time during the test and display the results of the tests on a display of the HMI in real time.

Abstract: The three-dimensional standard vibrator based on leaf-spring-type decoupling device contains a base set with three single-dimensional vibrators (along X, Y and Z axes, respectively) and a three-dimensional vibration platform. The X axis vibrator is connected with the three-dimensional vibration platform through X axis decoupling device, the Y axis vibrator is connected with the three-dimensional vibration platform through Y axis decoupling device, and the Z axis vibrator is connected with the three-dimensional vibration platform through Z axis decoupling device. The properties of the three-dimensional vibrator are as follow. X axis decoupling device, Y axis decoupling device and Z axis decoupling device are all comprised of supporting-spring units. Each of the supporting-spring units contains a pair of leaf springs mounted parallel with each other and the first and second connecting components mounted on the two edges of the leaf springs.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, systems and/or methods of determining one or more optical parameters of a lens of eyeglasses. For example, a product may include one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media including computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor to implement operations of determining one or more optical parameters of a lens of eyeglasses. The operations may include processing at least one image of an object captured via the lens; and determining the one or more optical parameters of the lens based on the at least one image.

Abstract: A marking system for knowing precisely at which location on an electrical device a used brush and associated brush holder assembly were positioned to evaluate whether abnormal brush wear, abnormal operation or other anomaly is occurring and performing maintenance and/or replacement of components as needed.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe a universal test platform that includes a universal test station (UTS) coupled to a system under test (SUT) using respective adapters. The adapters include an interface subdivided into portions that are assigned to different data and power standards. In one embodiment, the UTS is coupled to a UTS adapter using a plurality of cables that transmits the different data and power signals between the UTS and the adapter. For example, the interface in the UTS adapter may include a plurality of pins or optical channels that are each coupled to one of the plurality of cables. The SUT is coupled to a SUT adapter which may have the same interface as the UTS adapter. However, the SUT may be coupled to only a sub-portion of the I/O elements in the SUT adapter, and thus, only some of the I/O elements are used when testing the SUT.

Abstract: A self-anchored piling sediment sampler belongs to the technical fields of environmental monitoring, environmental government and sediment sample collection. The sampler is mainly composed of a sampling tube mechanism, an anchor rack mechanism and a cable. A drainer is designed to realize automatic drainage and air seal, so that an anchor socket can form a good anchoring condition with sediments during collection, thereby providing a stable sampling condition in cooperation with adjustable self gravity. The drainer is also applied in the sampling tube mechanism, thereby facilitating collection and seal of sediment samples. At the end of sampling, a water injector can eliminate suction force of the sediments and alleviate resistance in a lifting process. The cable is fixed to an outer sampling tube by fixed pulleys A, clamping hooks and fixed pulleys B placed on fixing rods so as to realize the conversion of the pulling force into the pressure on the sampling tube and provide sampling power.

Abstract: Assemblies for storing, handling, transporting, viewing, evaluating, and/or shipping corneal tissue are provided. The assemblies may include a viewing chamber and a corneal tissue carrier removably coupled to an inner portion of the viewing chamber. The assemblies may further include a corneal tissue sample disposed within the corneal tissue carrier. Methods of processing a corneal tissue sample and administering the corneal tissue sample to a subject are also provided.

Abstract: Assembly kit, comprising a sonication device (10) and a support (20) for sample tubes (30). The device comprises a tank (13) and an ultrasound wave generator (15) coupled to the tank and designed to generate ultrasound waves having a frequency of between 20 kHz and 80 kHz. The tank comprises an indicator (132) of a level (133) of liquid. The support for sample tubes comprises a means (21) for the support of several sample tubes of a size of 0.2 ml, a rod (22) secured to the support means, and a means (23) for suspending the rod in the tank. The rod has a length such that, in the assembly position, the sample tubes (30) are positioned with their lower end between 8 mm and 12 mm below the indicator (132) of the level of liquid.

Abstract: A biological fluids concentration device, including a tube-in-tube assembly, is disclosed. The tube-in-tube assembly receives biologic fluids and may then be placed in the bucket of a centrifuge and spun to separate out the components of the biological fluid by their various densities. For example, whole blood may be centrifuged in the tube-in-tube assembly for separating into plasma, red blood cell component, and a buffy coat. A piston slideably and sealingly engages an inner tube of the tube-in-tube assembly, the inner tube fitting within an outer tube. A lid is designed to engage the top of the outer tube, which lid has an opening therein for receipt of a plunger. The plunger is adapted to move up and down with respect to the lid and the tubes, so as to sealingly, in a down position, and unsealingly, in an open position, engage the top of the inner tube of the tube-in-tube assembly.

Abstract: An impeller high-precision static performance simulation device, a testing machine, and an impeller performance simulation testing method are provided. In the device, a centrifugal force acting on a blade is simulated by an upper damper, a lower damper and a tension sensor. In the process of carrying out a simulation test to the performance of the impeller, a centrifugal force effect of an air compressor impeller is simulated by a static pulling force, to accurately simulate and evaluate the service condition of the impeller under the action of a high-precision static force.

Abstract: A workflow is provided that characterizes the hydraulic fracturability of a rock based on properties obtained from CT scanning and from non-CT based data. The characterization is based on obtaining a plurality of properties of a core sample as a function of axial location in the core sample. The workflow includes obtaining CT data from at least one CT scan of the core, obtaining heterogeneity data of the core, generating a heterogeneous rock analysis (HRA) model based at least on the obtained CT data and heterogeneity data; quantifying statistically significant distinct rock classes in the core, and assigning hydraulic fracturability index (HFI) values to each distinct rock class, as well as any HFI variation within each rock class. An HFI value is assigned to each rock class, and within a rock class, in the core and those values can be propagated to other locations in the same or surrounding wells.

Abstract: A load verification system and method may be used to assess the loading of material from a loading work vehicle having a load bucket to a haulage work vehicle having a load bin. The system includes at least one volume sensor coupled to the loading work vehicle that observes a volume of material in at least one of the load bucket and the load bin and generates a corresponding volume data signal. The system also includes a first controller onboard the loading work vehicle and a second controller onboard the haulage work vehicle. At least one of the first and second controllers: receives the volume data signal from the at least one volume sensor; receives a unique haulage work vehicle identifier; associates volume data of the corresponding volume data signal with the unique haulage work vehicle identifier; and stores in memory the associated volume data and haulage work vehicle identifier.

Abstract: Viscometers and Viscometry methods are disclosed. In one general aspect a capillary bridge viscometer comprises an input port an output port a first capillary tubing arm in a first hydraulic path between the input port and a first differential detection point, a second capillary tubing arm in a second hydraulic path between the first differential detection point and the output port, a third capillary tubing arm in a third hydraulic path between the input port and a second differential detection point, a fourth capillary tubing arm in a fourth hydraulic path between the second differential detection point and the output port, an adjustable mechanical flow restrictor in one of the first, second, third, and fourth hydraulic paths, wherein the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor is operative to mechanically adjust a resistance to flow of a fluid while the fluid flows through the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor.

Abstract: A viscosity measuring method includes: immersing a plunger into a sample contained in a cylindrical container by an initial depth L0; further immersing the plunger at a velocity vp1 by a distance ?L1, and measuring a force applied to the plunger; obtaining first peak value FT1 and a first convergent value FTe1 of the force; returning the plunger to the initial depth L0; further immersing the plunger at a velocity vp2 by a distance ?L2, and measuring a force applied to the plunger; obtaining a second peak value FT2 and a second convergent value FTe2 of the force; obtaining a flow behavior index n; and calculating an apparent viscosity ?a of the sample based on Expression (1).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of particle size determination for particles suspended within a light-transmissive medium. The method includes directing a monochromatic light source into the medium and collecting from the medium a Raman-scattered light spectrum. The method includes analyzing the Raman spectrum to determine an amount of Tyndall scattering of the Raman spectrum caused by particles within the medium, and thus determine the size and the number of particles mediating the Tyndall scattering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for picking a colony of cells and to producing a cell line from this colony, as well as to the cell line thus established and to use of this cell line in a method for producing a biological molecule or biological entity of interest.

Abstract: A method is described for determining a friction estimate between a road surface and a tire of a vehicle, the tire being arranged on a steerable wheel of the vehicle, and the vehicle having an axle rack pivotably attached to a linkage arm connected to the steerable wheel such that a translational motion of the axle rack causes the linkage arm to rotate about a kingpin element such that the linkage arm causes a turning motion of the steerable wheel. The method includes acquiring a plurality of rack force values; acquiring a plurality of lateral wheel force values; mapping a relation between the plurality of rack force values and the lateral wheel force values to a model; and determining the lateral friction estimate based on the mapping.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of performing photothermal chemical nanoidentification of a sample includes positioning a tip of a probe at a region of interest of the sample, with the tip-sample separation being less than about 10 nm. Then, IR electromagnetic energy having a selected frequency, ?, is directed towards the tip. Using PFT mode AFM operation, absorption of the energy at the region of interest is identified. Calorimetry may also be performed with the photothermal PFT system.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus uses signals obtained by a plurality of reception units that receive an acoustic wave propagating from a point of interest to acquire object information at the point of interest. The apparatus includes a speed-of-sound acquisition unit that acquires information representing speed of sound on a propagation path of the acoustic wave, a correction unit that acquires a correction amount for the information representing speed of sound and corrects the information representing speed of sound using the correction amount, and an information acquisition unit that determines a propagation time of the acoustic wave by linearly approximating propagation paths from the point of interest to the reception units based on the corrected information and acquires the object information at the point of interest based on the signals and the propagation time.

Abstract: A process for measuring a size distribution of a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, the process comprising: labeling the nucleic acid molecules with a fluorescent dye comprising a plurality of fluorescent dye molecules to form labeled nucleic acid molecules, such that a number of fluorescent dyes molecules attached to each nucleic acid molecule is reliably proportional to the number of base pairs in the nucleic acid molecule, the fluorescent dye molecules having a first florescence spectrum; producing, by the labeled nucleic acid molecules, the first florescence spectrum in response to irradiating the labeled nucleic acid molecules at the first wavelength; and detecting the first florescence spectrum to measure the size distribution of the plurality of nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: A process of in-situ detection of hollow fiber formation includes immersing a plurality of individual glass fibers in an index-matching material. The index-matching material has a first refractive index that substantially matches a second refractive index of the glass fibers. The process also includes exposing the individual glass fibers to a light source during immersion in the index-matching material. The process further includes utilizing one or more optical components to collect optical data for the individual glass fibers during immersion in the index-matching material. The process also includes determining, based on the optical data, that a particular glass fiber of the plurality of individual glass fibers includes a hollow fiber.

Abstract: A process of in-situ detection of hollow fiber formation includes immersing a plurality of individual glass fibers in an index-matching material. The index-matching material has a first refractive index that substantially matches a second refractive index of the glass fibers. The process also includes exposing the individual glass fibers to a light source during immersion in the index-matching material. The process further includes utilizing one or more optical components to collect optical data for the individual glass fibers during immersion in the index-matching material. The process also includes determining, based on the optical data, that a particular glass fiber of the plurality of individual glass fibers includes a hollow fiber.

Abstract: An optical system and method for quantifying total protein in whole blood or other multi-phase liquids and colloidal suspensions uses refractometry without preliminary steps such as cell separation or centrifugation. A refractometer is integrated with a flow cell to enable the refractive index of a flowing sample to be measured based on a substantially cell free boundary layer of the sample that is present under certain flow conditions. Dimensions of the flow cell are selected to produce a cell-free layer in a flow of whole blood in which the cell free layer is thick enough to reduce scattering of light from the refractometer light source. A numerical method is used to compensate for scattering artifacts. The numerical compensation method is based on the slope and width of a peak in the derivative curve of an angular spectrum image of the flowing sample produced by refractometry.