Abstract: A profile body of a not liquefiable material is used as a connecting element between a first object and a second object. The profile body may especially be metallic and/or may be bendable. The profile body, in contrast to a conventional wire, however, has a shape defining a first and a second undercut. The method includes embedding the profile body in the second object so that the second undercut is within material of the second object, and embedding the profile body within material of the first object so that the first undercut is within the first object, and wherein at least embedding of the profile body in the first object is caused by mechanical energy impinging on the first object and/or on the second object while the first object and the second object are pressed against each other.

Abstract: A method of assembling a vehicle structure is provided in which a laser system is used to expedite adhesive curing at a plurality of locations within an adhesive layer, where the adhesive layer bonds a first vehicle component to a second vehicle component. Once cured by laser irradiation and heating, the localized adhesive regions maintain the relative positions of the first and second vehicle components without the aid of a curing fixture, even though the remaining areas of the adhesive layer are uncured. This approach to tacking vehicle components together can be used to decrease fabrication time and cost.

Abstract: A laser welding apparatus is provides that includes: a support member including a heat generation portion which has a size that is limited to correspond to a size of a welding area of a plurality of plastic components and is made from a material that absorbs a laser beam and generates heat, and which generates heat of a temperature that is equal to or greater than a melting temperature of the plastic components; a laser beam irradiation unit for converging a laser beam to be transmitted through the plurality of plastic components, and irradiating the laser beam toward the heat generation portion through the plurality of plastic components; and a welding controller for causing a laser beam to be irradiated at the heat generation portion using the laser beam irradiation unit to thereby cause the heat generation portion to generate heat, and welding abutting faces of a welding area of the plurality of plastic components with heat that is generated.

Abstract: A pocketed article includes a first primary panel, a liner panel having a first face bonded to the primary panel and a second face opposite the first face of the liner panel and a secondary panel having a first face facing the second face of the liner panel and a second face opposite the first face of the secondary panel. Outer portions of the liner panel are folded about edges of the secondary panel. The outer portions are bonded to the second face of the secondary panel. A second primary panel is joined to the first primary panel.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object includes an outer-layer member and an inner structural member. The outer-layer member is a layer to constitute the surface of the three-dimensional object, and includes an inner space. The outer-layer member is made up of a plurality of divided outer-layer pieces formed of build material, which is functional ink ejected from a droplet ejection head and cured. The inner structural member is disposed in the inner space of the outer-layer member and configured to support the outer-layer member.

Abstract: A method for connecting plastic profile parts (2) brings into contact at least one profile part (2) and a heating surface (34) of a heating, element (36) so that the profile part (2) begins to melt in its welding area before it is joined together with the other profile part (2). A delimiting element (7) regulates the flow and deformation of the melt material. The delimiting element (7) has at least one contact element (21) and a molded part (22), which are movable both in relation to one another and in relation to the profile part (2). During the melting of the at least one profile part (2), the contact element (21) is moved—together with the molded part (22)—relative to the at least one profile part (2) and relative to the heating element (36) out of, a resting position in the direction of a working position, whereby at least the molded part (22) is kept in contact with the heating surface (34) and the contact element element (21) is, kept in contact with a profile surface (9).

Abstract: A welding apparatus for use in welding first and second sheets of material together includes a seal die, a platen, a control unit, and a power source adapted to provide energy to the seal die. The seal die is made of a conductive material and is configured to impart thermal-mechanical energy to the first and second sheets of material. The seal die includes a bottom surface configured to contact the first sheet, an inner edge, a chamfer extending between the bottom surface and the inner edge, a first blend radius, and a second blend radius. The first radius extends between the chamfer and the bottom surface, while the second radius extends between the chamfer and the inner edge. The platen is configured to support the second sheet, while the control unit is programmed to cause the seal die to be directed towards the platen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for improving fit checking at the bonding interface of a first component, such as a fan blade (1), and a second component, such as an edge guard (2) for the fan blade (1), to be bonded by adhesive. A bondline thickness profile over the area of the bonding interface is determined by interposing a compressible, flexible sensor layer between the components before they are bonded. The sensor layer contains an array of piezoelectric elements which indicate local bondline thickness by signalling pressure due to compression of the layer. The bondline thickness profile can be processed by a programmed control processor to produce an adhesive application schedule prescribing the shapes of pieces of adhesive film which, when applied over the bonding interface, will build up an adhesive layer corresponding in thickness to the bondline thickness. The sensor layer can be prepared as a kit of shaped panels or as a contoured preform (55) matching the form of the bonding interface.

Abstract: A 3D printing method implemented by swaths is disclosed. When printing swaths of a printing layer, a 3D printer first obtains a default swath-width, and adjusts the default swath-width based on a shift value, then controls a nozzle to print the swaths according to the adjusted swath-width. When printing a final swath of the same printing layer, the 3D printer compensates a remained swath-width of the final swath according to the adjusted shift value(s) of previous printed swath(s), and controls the nozzle to print the final swath according to the compensated remained swath-width. When printing different printing layers, the 3D printer uses different shift values to adjust the swath-width of each printing layer. Because swaths of different printing layers have different widths, the positions of seams between each two swaths of each printing layer are staggered, and thus the strength of printed 3D models is enhanced.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods for additive manufacturing (AM) that utilize thermal dissipation support structures in the process of building objects, as well as novel thermal dissipation support structures to be used within these AM processes. The thermal dissipation support structures include at least one sacrificial structure that is separated from the object by a portion of unfused powder. The sacrificial structure increases a thermal dissipation rate of at least a portion of the object such that such that thermal gradients in the object remain below a specified threshold that prevents deformation of the object.

Abstract: The system includes a predictive model trained to estimate an amount of material to be used to fabricate three-dimensional objects. The system further includes an estimation component that receives information regarding the three-dimensional object. The estimation component, using the predictive model, estimates the amount of material to be used to fabricate the three-dimensional object based upon the information regarding the three-dimensional object. The estimation component compares the estimated amount of material with an available amount to determine whether the material available is less than the estimated amount of material to fabricate the three-dimensional object. When it is determined the material available is less than the estimated amount of material, the estimation component can perform an action such as preventing commencement of a fabrication process and/or providing information to a user.

Abstract: An apparatus changes the temperature of thermoplastic material in an extruder head to reduce the time for producing an object. The apparatus includes a cooling device located near the one or more nozzles of the extruder head to change the temperature of the thermoplastic material extruded by the extruder head. The apparatus cools the thermoplastic material to enhance the formation of exterior object features. A heater can also be positioned near the nozzle zone to heat the thermoplastic material to reduce the time for raising the viscosity of the thermoplastic material for forming interior regions of the object.

Abstract: A polymeric composition is used as a consumable material in 3D printer. The composition includes a water soluble polymer or polymer blend that is at least about 50 wt % of the total weight of the composition. The composition includes a rheologic modifier that is at least about 1 wt % of the total weight of the polymeric composition. The composition includes a filler that is at least about 10 wt % of the total weight of the polymeric composition. At least 90 wt % of the individual ingredient compositions before mixing are water soluble.

Abstract: Hybrid composite materials including carbon nanotube sheets and flexible ceramic materials, and methods of making the same are provided herein. In one embodiment, a method of forming a hybrid composite material is provided, the method including: placing a layer of a first flexible ceramic composite on a lay-up tooling surface; applying a sheet of a pre-preg carbon fiber reinforced polymer on the flexible ceramic composite; curing the flexible ceramic composite and the pre-preg carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet together to form a hybrid composite material; and removing the hybrid composite material from the lay-up tooling surface, wherein the first flexible ceramic composite comprises an exterior surface of the hybrid composite material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus that includes a fiber gun. In an embodiment, the apparatus may controllably cut one or more fibers into one or more fiber segments. In an embodiment, the apparatus may controllably shape one or more fibers into different shapes (e.g., from loops into substantially straight fibers). In an embodiment, the apparatus may controllably position the one or more fiber segments onto a supporting member (e.g., a composite component). For example, the apparatus may include a robot that may controllably move the fiber gun relative to a supporting member and align the fiber gun such that the one or more fiber segments are controllably positioned on the supporting member. The apparatus may further include a controller that at least partially controls operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Device for laying up a composite product with fibrous rovings made from glass, carbon, aramid and other similar filaments, designed especially for production of composite reinforcements or supporting elements such as the reinforcement of tailgates of personal vehicles, consists of individual unwinding spools (2) of fibrous rovings (21) rotatably arranged around the composite product (1). The unwinding spools (2) are installed on the set of the rotary disc rings (3) which are mounted on a common fixed ring frame (4) and equipped with independent drives (5) with pre-programmed control of direction and speed of their rotation wherein the composite product (1) is during the laying up procedure alternately fixed to individual carrier grippers (8) of at least one program-controlled manipulator (9). In each rotary disc ring (3) as well as in fixed ring frame (4) at least one lateral passage (6) is created for entry and exit of the composite product (1) between the unwinding spools (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiber application head for manufacturing composite material pars and to a corresponding manufacturing method, said head including: an application roll for applying a band formed of one or more fibers onto an application surface; a main guide system for guiding at least one fiber towards said application roll; a heating, system capable of emitting thermal radiation towards the band just before application by the application roll; a cooling system capable of cooling, the application roil from the outside, such as a gas flow; and a drive system capable of rotating the application roll when the roll is not in contact with the application surface.

Abstract: A kit for in vitro or ex vivo measurement of sCD127 expression in a biological sample, the kit including: specific tools or reagents allowing measurement of sCD127 expression in said biological sample; and a positive standard sample which is a sample calibrated to contain an amount of sCD127 which corresponds to the mean amount measured in a pool of samples from patients who are known to have developed a nosocomial infection, and/or a negative standard sample which is a sample calibrated to contain the amount of sCD127 which corresponds to the mean amount measured in a pool of samples from patients who are known not to have developed a nosocomial infection.

Abstract: Device and method for the production of a mold having a fiber-reinforced support and connected therewith at least one add-on piece featuring synthetic material, with the device having at least one first tool component (10) and a second tool component (20), at least one of which is movable relative to the other; in this way, the device can be opened to insert a fiber-reinforced mat (30) between the respective pressing surfaces (11, 21) of the two tool components (10, 20), and closed for pressurizing and molding the mat (30), which produces the fiber-reinforced support, and with the second tool component (20) having at least one nozzle (22) to supply a liquefied synthetic material, and the first tool component (10) having at least one cavity (12) away from the nozzle to form the add-on piece, characterized in that the second tool component (20) has at least one cavity (24) at the nozzle so that the add-on piece can be produced and integrated by introducing synthetic material through the nozzle (22) and through

Abstract: There is disclosed bagging apparatus (20) for bagging a pre-form (12) for a composite component on a tool (10), the apparatus (20) comprising: a bag dispenser (22) having a store (28) for a tubular vacuum bag (30); and a bag guide (36). In use, a length of tubular vacuum bag material (30) can be drawn from the store (28) radially outwardly over the bag guide (36) and over the tool (10) to form a tube around the pre-form. There is also disclosed a method of bagging a pre-form (12) for a composite component on a tool using the bagging apparatus (20).

Abstract: A system and method for detecting the presence or measuring the quantity of liquid within a tire assembly is disclosed. The system includes an energy source, an energy detector, a controller, and a determination indicator. The energy source is configured to direct energy towards the liquid, with the energy interacting with the liquid. The energy detector is configured to detect at least a portion of the energy after having interacted with the liquid and to generate signals indicative of the detected energy. The controller is configured to receive user input and to control at least one of the energy source and the energy detector in response to the user input. The controller is further configured to receive the signals generated by the energy detector, to respond to the signals by generating a determination regarding the liquid within the tire assembly, and to generate a signal indicative of the determination.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an upper edge of a paperboard container includes a pocket including a shell having a cavity with a mouth configured to receive the container along an axis such that the rim extends beyond the mouth. A workstation includes a forming member having a first forming surface which is actuatable toward the axis from a retracted position spaced from the rim to an extended position lying adjacent an upper end of the rim, and a forming segment having a second forming surface which is actuatable along the axis and the forming member in response to axial movement thereof such that the second forming surface is positioned spaced from a lower end of the rim. The second forming surface is actuatable along the axis towards the first forming surface to form the rim therebetween.

Abstract: A peel and stick skid resistant polyurethane surface with abrasives is provided with a method of manufacture.

Abstract: Self-stressing engineered composites that include a matrix containing self-stressing reinforcement that is activated by an activator that causes, in situ, the self-stressing reinforcement to transfer at least some of its pre-stress into portions of the matrix adjacent the self-stressing reinforcement. In some embodiments, the activator can be of a self-activating, an internal activating, and/or an external activating type. In some embodiments, the self-stressing reinforcement includes an active component that holds and transfers pre-stress to a matrix and a releasing component that causes the active component to transfer its pre-stress to the matrix. In some embodiments, the self-stressing reinforcement is initially unstressed and becomes stressed upon activation. Various engineered composites, self-stressing reinforcement, and applications of self-stressing engineered composites are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a polymer foam composite includes forming a polymer foam that is at least partially uncured; contacting the formed polymer foam with a fibrous mat including a plurality of nonwoven fibers having an average diameter of 100 um or less under conditions effective to infiltrate a portion of the polymer foam into the mat, to provide a pre-composite; and curing the pre-composite to form the polymer foam composite. The pre-composite includes a polymer foam layer and an intermixed layer including the fibrous mat and the same polymer as the polymer of the polymer foam layer. The polymer foam composite includes a cured polymer foam layer and an intermixed layer integrally bonded to the first layer, wherein the intermixed layer includes the fibrous mat and a cured polymer the same as the polymer of the cured polymer foam layer.

Abstract: By use of a process for the production of a fibre-composite material, comprising the following steps: a) one or more fibre bundle(s) is/are drawn by way of one or more spreader device(s) into an impregnation chamber in such a way as to give at least two mutually superposed, spatially separate and spread fibre webs; b) melt is introduced by way of horizontally oriented distributor bars, in each case arranged between two fibre webs; c) the individual fibre webs are caused to converge in such a way that they are mutually superposed and contact one another; d) after the fibre webs have converged they are drawn, at the end of the operating unit, through a take-off die where the first shaping takes place, and also by use of a corresponding device, very good impregnation quality is achieved through a specific wetting method implemented after a high degree of expanding, and also through subsequent relative longitudinal and transverse movements of the individual fibres.

Abstract: A device (10) comprising a carrier material (14) and a matrix material (12) deposited onto the carrier material in a pattern that leaves a predetermined amount of space (18) between each deposition of matrix material.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive article of the present invention includes a pressure sensitive adhesive layer comprising a pressure sensitive acrylic polymer and inorganic fine particles; and a fibrous sheet formed by a plurality of mutually intersected fibers that are arranged in the pressure sensitive adhesive layer.

Abstract: The present invention describes multilayered adhesive structures that can be used as adhesives to mount wearable devices onto the skin. The multilayered adhesive structures can comprise a buffer layer sandwiched between two adhesive layers, a first adhesive layer adhering the multilayered adhesive structure to the wearable device and a second adhesive layer adhering the buffer layer to the skin. The buffer layer separates or isolates the wearable device from the skin. By mechanically buffering the wearable device from the skin, the multilayered adhesive structures permit the devices to be skin-mounted for an extended period of time (e.g., a few hours or days) without causing moisture-associated skin injuries such as erythema, maceration, and irritation or inflammation.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a metal/resin composite structure of the invention is a manufacturing method for manufacturing a metal/resin composite structure obtained by bonding a steel member and a thermoplastic resin member formed of a thermoplastic resin or a resin composition including the thermoplastic resin, to each other, the method comprising.

Abstract: A pane for separating an interior from an external environment, at least including a substrate, and a thermal-radiation-reflecting coating on the interior-side surface of the substrate is disclosed. The coating has at least one functional layer containing a transparent conductive oxide and a topmost layer containing silicon dioxide, and a polymeric fastening or sealing element on the thermal-radiation-reflecting coating.

Abstract: A vehicle composite pane with an integrated light sensor is presented. The vehicle composite pane includes an outer pane and an inner pane that are bonded to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. A photodiode situated on a circuit board is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, wherein the photodiode is a surface-mounted device (SMD) component.

Abstract: A resin sheet is manufactured by: forming a rapidly-cooled transparent polypropylene sheet by rapidly cooling a molten polypropylene resin; laminating on the rapidly-cooled transparent polypropylene sheet a resin layer of polyurethane resin, the polyurethane resin having a tensile-rupture elongation in a range from 150% to 900% and a softening point in a range from 50 degrees C. to 180 degrees C.; and laminating a print layer on the resin layer. A molded article having a non-planar molding made of the resin sheet is provided by insert molding. The molding is formed into a complicated shape where a part of the molding has: 150% or more of an elongation ratio; 0.8 or less of a film-thickness ratio (B/A) before and after the sheet is molded; and/or a surface area ratio (Y/X) before and after the sheet is molded in a range from 1.5 to 5.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising a first poly(vinyl butyral) resin having a first residual hydroxyl content; a second poly(vinyl butyral) resin having a second residual hydroxyl content; a plasticizer; and at least one compatibilizer, such as an anhydride compatibilizer; wherein the difference between the first and second residual hydroxyl contents is at least 2 wt. %, and wherein the polymer composition has a percent haze of less than 5%. The use of a compatibilizer reduces or minimizes the optical defects, such as haze and color, without sacrificing other characteristics of the composition. The composition may be used in an interlayer.

Abstract: Multi-ply films are provided that include a top layer affixed to a coextruded film. The coextruded film includes at least a first polyamide structural layer, a sealant layer, and a first tie layer that is disposed between the first polyamide structural layer and the sealant layer, in which the coextruded film is substantially free of an adhesive. Packages that include the multi-ply films and methods for sterilization are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PVC composite flooring, comprising PVC base material and decorative board with alumina hot-pressed on the surface. The invention also relates to a process of preparation for the PVC composite flooring, comprising bonding the PVC base material and the decorative board with alumina hot-pressed on the surface using a hot-melt adhesive. The PVC composite flooring of the present invention is excellent in abrasion resistance, has remarkably improved resistance to indentation, is particularly excellent in compression stability.

Abstract: What is described is a method for manufacturing a profile element for sealing building-structure joints, especially for sealing against sound and smoke and optionally against fire, to an apparatus for manufacturing such a profile element and to the use of the profile element manufactured according to the invention for the acoustic, smokeproof and/or fireproof sealing of connecting joints in drywalls, especially of expansion joints. In particular, an improved method is described for continuous and endless manufacture of such a profile element.

Abstract: A structured packaging film is made by first of feeding a flat, unembossed first film web in a gravure printing device to a cylindrical print roller having an engraving on its surface with an array of cavities having a depth of at least 50 ?m. Printing laquer is applied to the print roller to fill the cavities. Then the roller is rolled on the first film web to transfer the laquer to the web to form thereon a printed image in gravure printing. The laquer is dried on the web to have a thickness of at least 30 ?m and the printed areas form clearly perceptible structuring.

Abstract: Method for bonding by wrapping a medium which expands transversely to a winding with an adhesive tape, in which: an adhesive tape is unrolled from an adhesive tape roll, the unrolled adhesive tape is provided on one side of a carrier film (1) with an adhesive cement layer (2) and on an opposite side partially with a separating agent layer (3), wherein the area covered by the separating agent layer (3) takes up not more than 50% of the total area of the carrier reverse side, wherein at least the surface of the side of the carrier film (1) which is furnished with a separating agent layer (3) is etched, the adhesive tape is wound around the medium which expands transversely to a winding, so that at least a portion of the adhesive tape is bonded to a lower winding ply by the adhesive cement layer (2).

Abstract: A mobile autonomous printer includes a body, a plurality of hollow arms extending outwardly from the body, a pump system in each of the plurality of hollow arms, wherein the pump system in each of the plurality of hollow arms is switchable to extrude or take in material, and a vessel disposed within the body for mixing materials prior to deposition. Articulation of the hollow arms provides for mobility of the mobile autonomous printer. A method of building a structure includes printing portions of the structure using a plurality of printers and embedding the plurality of printers into the structure. The printers embedded in the structure may function as a network of switchable pumps. Distinct conduits constructed into the structure supply chemically reacting constituents of the material that forms the structure.

Abstract: A lithographic printing sleeve for mounting on a cylinder in a printing press is provided. The lithographic printing sleeve includes a tubular base layer for contacting and surrounding an outer circumference of the cylinder, a permanent tubular hydrophilic layer on an outer surface of the tubular base layer and a temporary hydrophobic layer on an outer surface of the tubular hydrophilic layer. A variable cutoff printing press is also provided.

Abstract: An environmental control system includes a heat exchanger and a desiccant dehumidifier, and a laser imaging module that includes one or more digital micromirror devices and one or more laser diode units. The heat exchanger reduces the temperature of the air to be delivered to the laser imaging module, wherein prior to the air entering the laser imaging module, the air passes through the desiccant dehumidifier, which dries the air to a lower relative humidity so as to reduce the environmental relative humidity to prevent condensation on critical components within the laser imaging module such as the digital micromirror devices and the laser diode units.

Abstract: In some examples, a printhead drop detector comprises a plurality of drop detection units. Each drop detection unit may comprise a radiation source and radiation detector and may be to detect a drop passing through a sampling volume between the radiation source and the radiation detector. A radiation detector of a first drop detection unit and a radiation source of a second drop detection unit is arranged on a first side of the sampling volume; and a radiation source of the first drop detection unit and a radiation detector of the second drop detection unit is arranged on the second side of the sampling volume.

Abstract: A head unit includes a structure and a driver IC. The driver IC includes: a first electrode group including first and second electrodes electrically connected to one ends of first and second actuators; a second electrode group including third and fourth electrodes electrically connected to one ends of third and fourth actuators; a third electrode group including electrodes electrically connected to the other ends of the first and second actuators; and a fourth electrode group including electrodes electrically connected to the other ends of the third and fourth actuators. The third electrode group is arranged along one side of the driver IC, the fourth electrode group is arranged along a side different from the one side, and an area where the first and second electrode groups are arranged is situated between an area where the third electrode group is arranged and an area where the fourth electrode group is arranged.

Abstract: An electronic circuit for driving an inkjet print element in an array of print elements with an electric waveform is provided. The print element includes a piezo transducer for converting the electric waveform in a mechanical displacement. The electric waveform is tunable for an individual print element. The circuit includes a common waveform generator that is connected to the piezo transducer through a first print data dependent switch for providing an electric waveform independent of the print element. The circuit further includes a waveform tuning part, dependent on the print element and the print data, for controlling a second switch that adds electric energy from a voltage source to the electric waveform. The switches are operable in either a saturation state or a blocking state to limit an amount of dissipation in the switches.

Abstract: A printing apparatus comprises: a plurality of printing elements; driving circuits that have at least one source follower transistor and correspond to each of the plurality of printing elements; and a control unit configured to, in a case where a number of printing elements driven simultaneously does not exceed a predetermined number, perform a first control for driving the at least one source follower transistor by a fixed pulse width irrespective of the number of printing elements driven simultaneously, and, in a case where the number of printing elements driven simultaneously exceed the predetermined number, perform a second control for changing a pulse width to drive the at least one source follower transistor based on the number of printing elements driven simultaneously.

Abstract: A continuous ink jet print head (10), including: an ink droplet generator (116) configured to emit an ink droplet (158) along an undeflected droplet flight path (30); a charge electrode (118) configured to impart a charge to the ink droplet; deflector plates (120A, 120B) adjacent the undeflected droplet flight path, downstream from the charge electrode, and configured to deflect the ink droplet to a deflected droplet flight path that lies within a range of deflected flight paths bounded by at least deflected droplet flight path and a most deflected droplet flight path; a gutter (122) configured to receive an ink droplet traveling along the undeflected droplet flight path; and an ink buildup sensor (102) configured to detect an accumulation of ink (140) relative to a droplet flight path disposed within the range of deflected flight paths.

Abstract: A MEMS device includes a first substrate provided with a plurality of first electrode terminals and a second substrate composed of a crystalline substrate and provided with a plurality of second electrode terminals respectively corresponding to the first electrode terminals. The first electrode terminals and the second electrode terminals are electrically bonded one-to-one. Protrusions are formed at positions corresponding to the first electrode terminals on a mounting face of the second substrate opposing the first substrate. The second electrode terminals include the protrusions and conductive material covering the protrusions.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a flow channel forming substrate that is provided with a space constituting a pressure generating chamber which communicates with nozzle openings, a vibration plate that is stacked on one surface of the flow channel forming substrate and seals the space, and a piezoelectric element that includes a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode sequentially stacked on a surface of the vibration plate opposite to the flow channel forming substrate, in which the first electrode is formed, in which at least a width of a first direction along the opposite surface is narrower than the space in a region corresponding to the space, the piezoelectric layer is stacked so as to overlap the first electrode and at least a part of the vibration plate in the region corresponding to the space, the second electrode is stacked so as to overlap the piezoelectric layer in the region corresponding to the space, and as a thickness of a stacked direction of the piezoelectric element i

Abstract: In one example, a printhead structure includes multiple printhead dies and a printed circuit board embedded in a single monolithic molding with fully encapsulated wire bonds that electrically connect the dies to conductive routing in the printed circuit board. Fluid may pass through a slot in the molding directly to the dies.