Abstract: A nested insulated packaging assembly includes: an outer box including an outer top side wall, an outer bottom side wall, and a plurality of outer lateral side walls; an inner box received in the outer box, the inner box including an inner top side wall, an inner bottom side wall, and a plurality of inner lateral side walls; a first thermal liner contacting a one of the outer lateral side walls of the outer box and a one of the inner lateral side walls of the inner box; and a second thermal liner contacting a second of the outer lateral side walls of the outer box and a second of the inner lateral side walls of the inner box.

Abstract: A dispenser that may be loaded with a plurality of interconnected articles with at least one grasping section and that may then be selectively withdrawn one at a time out through an extraction site and indexed for subsequent withdrawal upon removal along with methods of manufacturing and assembling, the article itself, and additional features such as a separator for engaging the article to dispense the article in an open configuration, a restrainer for aiding separation of the articles, and an elevator or ramp for locating the grasping sections of the articles near the extraction site are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method of dispensing includes the steps of exerting a force on an actuator of a dispenser having a conduit with an inlet and an outlet in a first non-actuation state, to place the actuator in a second actuation state. When the actuator is in the second actuation state, the inlet and the outlet of the actuator are moved from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: A container for releasable pressurized gas or other active ingredient is provided. The container is packed with activated carbon loaded with adsorbed propellant. The container provides a replacement for the hydrocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon propellants currently used in aerosols, dusters and foghorns. A method for making such a replacement system is also provided.

Abstract: A kit includes at least a capsule for insertion in a beverage production machine and containing beverage ingredients, the capsule having a cup-like base body including an outlet face. The kit includes one or more beverage production parameter programming connector(s) having an identification member placed on a first side of the connector designed for representing individual information as to beverage production parameters upon mechanical contact by sensing means of a beverage production machine, the side being opposite to the second connector side designed for connection to the outlet face of the capsule. Either the capsule(s) or the connector(s) or the both is provided with means for mechanically associating the connector to the capsule by the consumer, preferably without using tools.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a rocking device for waste containers, particularly residential or commercial waste containers. In particular, the invention provides a waste container locking device which keeps the container closed when a sudden jerk or jarring, such as by ground impact, is applied on the container, so that the container does not open when it is accidentally knocked over, but may be opened when tipped during dumping.

Abstract: A refuse vehicle includes a chassis, a body, a primary ejector, and an auxiliary ejector. The chassis includes a frame and a cab disposed at one end of the frame. The body includes a hopper portion and a storage portion. The width of the storage portion is greater than the width of the hopper portion. The auxiliary ejector has a width equal to the difference between the width of the storage portion and the width of the hopper portion. The primary ejector is selectively repositionable within the hopper portion and the storage portion of the body to at least one of compact refuse therein or eject refuse therefrom. The auxiliary ejector is selectively repositionable within the storage portion of the body to at least one of compact refuse therein and eject refuse therefrom in tandem with the primary ejector.

Abstract: A conveyor system includes a drive assembly and a plurality of rollers configured to singulate a plurality of conveyed articles travelling on the plurality of rollers along a direction of travel. Each of the plurality of rollers having a drive end and a base end. The drive end having a drive sheave including a plurality of grooves and a plurality of peaks interposed between the plurality of grooves formed on a surface thereof. The drive assembly is coupled to the drive end of at least one of the plurality of rollers by a drive belt. At least a first portion of the plurality of rollers are disposed at an angle with respect to the direction of travel.

Abstract: A roller track for transporting stored goods has a profile rail (1) with a base (11) and two side walls (12) extending at an angle from the base (11). The side walls (12) can pivot onto each other under the influence of a force directed toward the base (11). Roller bodies (2) are supported rotatably about axles (3) in bearing openings (4) of the side walls (12). The bearing openings (4), wherein the bearing openings (4) are designed as countersinks extending from the free end of the sides walls (12) in the direction of the base (12). The roller bodies (2) are inserted into the bearing openings (4) together with the rotating axles (3) substantially in the direction of the side walls (12).

Abstract: A conveyor belt transport system involves a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a pair of rollers, and a conveyor belt. The rollers each include a shaft hole running from one end to the other end and each end of the shaft hole is fitted with radial spherical plain bearings. The respective radial spherical bearings ride on the drive shaft and the driven shaft. The conveyor belt wraps around the rollers that, respectively, surround the driving shaft and the driven shaft. The two ends of both the driving shaft and the driven shaft each include belt wheels and the outer end of the belt wheels each include a guard board. The conveyor belt comprises a timing belt on an inner surface of each outside edge of the conveyor belt, and the inner surface of the timing belt includes concave teeth that matingly engage the belt wheels.

Abstract: An improved conveyor belt cleaning device and system is described. The conveyor belt cleaning device comprises a frame below a conveyor belt. A leaf spring system is mounted on the frame. At least one arm is mounted on the leaf spring system and a scraper blade is mounted on the arm and arranged to engage with the conveyor belt to remove material from the conveyor belt. Another embodiment improves flexibility and strength of the device and system using a stepped or bellowed portion in the leaf springs.

Abstract: A pickface builder for a storage and retrieval system for storing goods units and having an in-feed conveyor and a picking device, each goods unit holding at least one product package therein, the pickface builder including a frame, a pusher member movably coupled to the frame, and a snugger member movably coupled to the frame, wherein the pickface builder is configured to receive goods units from the in-feed conveyor and the pusher member and snugger member are movable at least in a direction transverse to a direction of goods unit travel on the in-feed conveyor and configured to form the goods units into a pickface picked by the picking device as a unit and having a predetermined reference datum relating the pickface to a placement position of goods units forming the pickface along a storage surface of the storage and retrieval system.

Abstract: An accumulator device includes an infeed conveyor with an endless conveying belt arranged for moving products in a first conveying direction, a substantially parallel outfeed conveyor with an endless conveying belt arranged for moving products in a second, opposing conveying direction, a transfer device provided in-between the infeed and outfeed conveyors, configured for transferring products from the infeed conveyor to the outfeed conveyor. The transfer device is moveable along the infeed and outfeed conveyors, and includes first and second transfer elements with first and second gripping devices for engaging the products and transporting along the transfer trajectory to a release location on the outfeed conveyor.

Abstract: A transfer device and method for diverting packages about a conveyor. The conveyor has a conveyor path extending between locations of a facility. The transfer includes a frame positionable about the conveyor, rollers rotationally supported on the frame (the rollers non-aligned with the conveyor path to define a transfer path way from the conveyor path), belts rotationally supported on the frame between the rollers with a closed gap therebetween (the belts aligned with the conveyor path), and a tub movably coupled to the frame to selectively lift the rollers above the belts to engage the packages whereby the packages are selectively movable to locations away from the conveyor path.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and a method for the loading of trolley shelves with containers and particularly, although not exclusively, to the loading of trolleys which are known as cage trolleys and which can carry containers which are provided to be removed directly therefrom and purchased, such as containers of milk. The apparatus and method allows loading of groups of containers onto the respective trolley shelves to be performed while the trolleys are retained at a fixed location with respect to the loading apparatus.

Abstract: An automated method of unloading a shipping vessel includes: receiving a shipping container from the vessel, the container including multiple connectors; retrieving a pallet able to store the connectors, where the pallet includes multiple receptacles, each receptacle able to accommodate one connector; detaching the connectors from the container; transferring the connectors to the pallet; releasing the container; and transferring a subset of the connectors from the pallet to at least one bin that is able to accommodate multiple connectors.

Abstract: A method of scanning documents and moving such documents along a path such that during scanning a method of improving the documents velocity and the documents image quality is disclosed. The method includes providing a plurality of documents in an input tray and transporting each document along the path from the input tray at a transport velocity past the scanner to obtain scanned image data. By monitoring and controlling the velocity profile of the transport system, the scanning system may provide higher image quality, reduce slippage, misfeeds and jams, and provide alerts to an operator in the even slippage, misfeeds, or jams do occur.

Abstract: A transmission device includes a pickup roller assembly, a feeding roller assembly including a feeding shaft, a paper-out roller assembly including a paper-out shaft, a driving motor, a one-way drive gear module, a first transmission gear module, a second transmission gear module and a one-way clutch. The first transmission gear module includes a plurality of transmission gears disposed to two ends of the feeding shaft and two ends of the paper-out shaft. The second transmission gear module is engaged with one of the transmission gears mounted around one end of the feeding shaft. The one-way clutch disposed between the feeding shaft and the paper-out shaft, includes a first clutch gear, a second clutch gear, a third one-way clutch gear disposed between the first clutch gear and the second clutch gear, and a compression spring disposed to one end of the second clutch gear.

Abstract: A transport device includes a drive roller and a driven roller. The drive roller transports paper-sheets in a predetermined transport direction by rotation thereof. The driven roller rotates with rotation of the drive roller, and regardless of from which direction the paper-sheets hit a contact point with the first roller, moves in a direction diagonally forward than a vertical direction with respect to the transport direction. The transport device further includes a bearing groove formed so that a shaft of the driven roller moves in a direction diagonally forward than the vertical direction with respect to the transport direction along an inclined surface.

Abstract: The present sheet conveying apparatus includes: a resist roller pair that corrects skew of a sheet conveyed from a sheet supplying unit; and a guide portion disposed at an upstream side relative to the resist roller pair in a sheet conveying direction, the guide portion including a first guide and a second guide disposed opposite to the first guide with a sheet conveying path therebetween, the second guide being located at a projection side of a curved portion formed in the sheet when a tip of the sheet is conveyed to a nip portion of the resist roller pair that is stopped, the second guide being divided into a plurality of divided guides in an axial direction of the resist roller pair, a flexible film being disposed to cover at least a portion of a space between the plurality of divided guides.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus preventing lowering of continuous printing performance; including plural paper feeding stages in main body; a residual paper quantity detection sensor; a printer part printing on paper; a paper feeding stage searching part functioning every time paper feeding is made; a paper feeding stage selection part determining existence of paper feeding capable stage, on result by paper feeding stage searching part, and selecting a paper feeding stage; a system control part performing stage changeover according to selection result by paper feeding stage selection part; when there exists no paper feeding capable stage, paper feeding stage selection part notifying system control part of it, and when there exists paper feeding capable stage, paper feeding stage selection part altering priority levels in stage searching on detection result by residual paper quantity detection sensor, and number of sheets required for printing, selecting paper feeding stage.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a sheet container; a sheet conveyer; a sheet detector; and a controller, wherein, in a case where a leading edge of a first sheet is positioned downstream of a first position in a conveyance direction and a trailing edge of a second sheet preceding the first sheet is positioned downstream of a second position located downstream of the first position when the first and second sheets are stopped based on a result of the sheet detector, the controller causes the sheet conveyer to convey the first sheet in the conveyance direction, and in a case where the leading edge of the first sheet is positioned upstream of the first position when the first and second sheets are stopped, the controller causes the sheet conveyer to convey the first sheet in an opposite direction to return the first sheet to the sheet container.

Abstract: A transmitter transmits ultrasound to the conveyance path. A receiver receives the ultrasound. A double-feed detector detects whether or not double-feed of a plurality of sheets has occurred. A controller causes the transmitter to transmit ultrasound at a first burst interval when determining the threshold value, and causes the transmitter to transmit ultrasound at a second burst interval, which is shorter than the first burst interval, when detecting the double-feed of sheets. A double-feed detector determines a threshold value that enables distinction between double-feed and single-feed.

Abstract: In some examples, an accessory usable with roll media and an image forming system having an output member, comprises a leader member to attach to the output member of the image forming system, and a clip attached to the leader member, the clip to removably attach the leader member to the roll media in an installed state. The clip includes a first section to contact a first surface of the roll media, a second section to contact a second surface of the roll media, and a magnetic unit mounted on a surface of the first section, a magnetic field of the magnetic unit to attract the first and second sections toward one another to grip the roll media.

Abstract: Splicing equipment for strips of paper, paper tissue, plastic and the like, defines an outgoing strip with a first strip and a second strip directed toward a user apparatus by means of two cutting mechanisms and two splicing group. In particular, the equipment comprises an output arresting mechanism actuatable for arresting the outgoing strip during the operations of cutting and splicing; and two respective applying devices for a double sided adhesive film. The splicing groups include a respective retaining member provided for retaining, after cutting and separation, an initial edge of the first strip or, respectively, an initial edge of the second strip in preparation of splicing on a terminal edge of the outgoing strip; and in which the applying devices are selectively actuatable for automatically depositing the double sided adhesive film on the initial edge of the first strip or, respectively, on the initial edge of the second strip.

Abstract: A flexible lance drive device is disclosed that has, in a compact housing, a drive motor between an inner and an outer wall, a linear array of pairs of driven upper and lower drive rollers outside the outer wall coupled to the drive motor via shafts extending through both of the inner and outer walls. Each driven roller is fastened to its shaft via a quick release device. A drive sprocket is fastened to each shaft outside the inner wall. The drive motor is coupled to each of the drive sprockets via a serpentine belt carried outside the inner wall. The lower driven rollers are rotatably carried by the inner and outer walls. The upper driven rollers are rotatably carried by a block positioned between the inner and outer walls and coupled to the lower driven rollers by a pair of parallel links releasably biased by a piston driven linkage.

Abstract: A safety chuck mounted to equipment that process web material is provided. The safety chuck is provided with a die spring connecting a moveable jaw with a spindle, said spring urging the moveable jaw into a fully closed position. A number of magnets mounted on a mounting flange will engage the moveable jaw, overcoming the spring's force and holding the moveable jaw in a fully open position. Rotation of the spindle releases the magnets allowing the spring to force the moveable jaw back into a fully closed position.

Abstract: A strap storage container has a strap storage rack and a crank mechanism for coiling the straps. The crank mechanism passes through the storage container and has a handle on a first end and strap receiving aperture (e.g., a slot) on a second end. The strap storage rack is removably insertable within the strap storage container.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement are provided for monitoring the safety of a counterweighted elevator. In the method, an elevator car is driven with a hoisting machine towards the top end of the elevator hoistway, contact between the counterweight and the end buffer of the elevator hoistway is determined, a reference point for the location of the elevator car is registered when detecting contact between the counterweight and the end buffer, the distance that the elevator car travels onwards from the aforementioned reference point for the location is measured, and if the distance traveled by the elevator car onwards from the aforementioned reference point exceeds a threshold value a signal indicating a risk of slackening of the traction rope is formed.

Abstract: A braking device is operable to aid in braking a hoisted object relative to a guide member. The braking device includes a mounting structure connected to the hoisted object, and first and second brake pads positioned on the mounting structure on opposing sides of a passageway through which the guide member extends. The first and second brake pads each include a contact surface that is operable to frictionally engage the guide member. The second brake pad engages the mounting structure in a manner that enables the second brake pad to move relative to the mounting structure between a non-braking position and a braking position. The braking device includes a brake initiator that is selectively operable to initiate movement of the second brake pad from the non-braking position toward the braking position by selectively actuating an actuatable portion of the brake initiator from a non-deployed position to a deployed position.

Abstract: A safety brake for an elevator includes a brake element or a brake wedge, a guide element, and a setting device. The brake element or the brake wedge is borne movably on the guide element. The safety brake has an activating element, which, upon activation of the safety brake, can be brought into mechanical engagement with the brake element or the brake wedge to act on a guiderail to stop an associated elevator car.

Abstract: A guide device is operable to be connected to a hoisted object to aid in guiding the hoisted object relative to a guide member. The guide device includes a shoe, a gib, and a wear detector. The shoe is operable to be connected to the hoisted object. The gib is operable to be connected to the shoe. The gib is operable to contact the guide member when the hoisted object is moved relative to the guide member. The gib is operable to experience an amount of wear as a result of the contact between the gib and the guide member. The wear detector is disposed relative to the gib and the guide member. The wear detector is operable to detect when the amount of wear experienced by the gib reaches a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method of providing a support for an elevator car in an elevator installation, wherein the support includes a plurality of tensile carriers arranged parallel to one another and substantially enclosed by a casing, includes pre-preparation of a first support end wherein the tensile carriers are directly electrically contactable at a pre-prepared location by a contacting device, and wherein the pre-preparation is carried out before transport of the support to the elevator installation.

Abstract: A device for handling an artifact of substantially cylindrical shape, having a bed (10) and supporting means fixed to the bed (10) and connected to actuators. The supporting means being positioned along at least an arc of circumference lying in a plane orthogonal to the development axis ? of the bed (10) and having rolling elements (3) adapted to support and handle an artifact, at least one of them being motorized. Each rolling element (3) is connected to one of a plurality of corresponding actuators operatively connected to each other and adapted to regulate a movement of the rolling elements (3) in response to forces exerted by the artifact on each rolling element (3), in such a way as to distribute the forces uniformly on each rolling element (3) to position one or more resultants of the forces in one or more points.

Abstract: A control panel assembly for mounting to an interior compartment of a wrecker, the control assembly comprising an extendable arm assembly and a control panel. The extendable arm assembly is mounted to the interior compartment and comprises arms which are foldable relative to each other for adopting a compact configuration and an extended configuration. The control panel is mounted to the extendable arm assembly and comprises wrecker controls. The control panel is movable between an inner position, wherein the extendable arm assembly is in the compact configuration and the wrecker controls are located within the interior compartment, and an outer position, wherein the extendable arm assembly is in the extended configuration and the wrecker controls are located outside the interior compartment.

Abstract: A system for handling and storage of beverage containers in a storage space includes a support structure, a hoist motor operably connected to the support structure and movable via the support structure along both a length of the storage space and a width of the storage space, and a lift member operably connected to the hoist motor to secure a first end of a beverage container in an upright position to the hoist motor to lift and move the beverage container from a first location to a second location via operation of the hoist motor and movement of the hoist motor along the support structure.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a winch system, wherein the winch system includes a winch line having a first end that is secured to the payload, and wherein the winch system is controllable to vary the rate of descent of the payload, an inertial measurement unit positioned on the payload or on the first end of the winch line, wherein the inertial measurement unit is configured to measure oscillations of the payload, and a control system configured to (a) receive data from the IMU, (b) determine oscillations of the payload based on the data received from the IMU, and (c) operate the winch system to vary the deployment rate of the winch line so to damp oscillations of the payload.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a forklift and a forklift control method. The forklift and the forklift control method according to the present disclosure may adjust a fork/mast inclination with reference to the coefficient of friction, and precedently and appropriately adjust a fork/mast inclination right before the forklift enters or exits from a slope by referring to geological information. Further, when a degree of danger is not decreased even when a fork/mast inclination is tilted backward to the largest extend, the forklift and the forklift control method according to the present disclosure may decrease a travelling speed of a vehicle by decreasing an output of the forklift or operating a brake, thereby remarkably decreasing the danger of the load falling.

Abstract: Controlling a functional system of a materials handling vehicle includes monitoring a current delivered by an energy storage system for powering the functional system, wherein the energy storage system may include at least one of a battery and a fuel cell. When the current delivered by the energy storage system exceeds a first predetermined amount, performance of the functional system is reduced from a first operating level to a second operating level for at least one task of the functional system to attempt to reduce the current delivered by the energy storage system.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a lift actuator is added to a pallet truck to effect initially lifting a load and a traction command effects fully raising the load while a pallet truck moves. In other embodiments, an electronic controller is programmed to effect initially lifting a load when a lift actuator is engaged and to effect fully lifting the load while a pallet truck moves when a traction actuator is engaged.

Abstract: A drinking water supply device configured to discharge water based on a pressure of water supplied from a water supply source is provided. The drinking water supply device may include at least one discharge flow path that allows water supplied from the water supply source to flow therein, a discharge valve provided in the at least one discharge flow path, at least one cock provided in an end of the at least one discharge valve, the discharge valve including a sensor that generates a discharge signal to open the at least one discharge valve, a lever coupled to the at least one cock and operated by pushing and pulling, and a controller that controls the at least one discharge valve and the sensor. The discharge signal may be generated in the sensor when a switch of the sensor is pressed by a predetermined region of the lever.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for conditioning a liquid stream with a liquid dispensing system associated with a refrigerator, preparing an enhanced beverage using one or more of the individually conditioned liquid streams and a liquid enhancement device and minimizing the potential for back contamination of the liquid dispensing system are provided.

Abstract: A distribution station includes a mobile trailer, a pump on the mobile trailer, a manifold on the mobile trailer and fluidly connected with the pump, a plurality of hoses connected with the manifold, a plurality of valves, each of the valves situated between the manifold and a respective one of the hoses, a plurality of fluid level sensors, each of the fluid level sensors being situated at an end of a respective one of the hoses, and a plurality of sensor communication lines. Each of the sensor communication lines is connected or connectable with a respective one of the fluid level sensors. Each of the sensor communication lines is routed with a respective one of the hoses.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) device includes a MEMS substrate having a first opening, a second opening, and a membrane layer comprising a first membrane disposed over the first opening and a second membrane disposed over the second opening. The MEMS device also includes a carrier substrate bonded to a first side of the MEMS substrate, the carrier substrate having a first cavity exposing the first membrane and a second cavity exposing the second membrane, and a cap substrate bonded to a second side of the MEMS substrate. The cap substrate has a third cavity connected to the first opening and a fourth cavity connected to the second opening. The first membrane, the first cavity, and the third cavity are part of a pressure sensor. The fourth cavity extends completely through the cap substrate. The second membrane, the second cavity, and the fourth cavity are part of a microphone.

Abstract: Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) structures, methods of manufacture and design structures are disclosed. The method includes forming a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) beam structure by venting both tungsten material and silicon material above and below the MEMS beam to form an upper cavity above the MEMS beam and a lower cavity structure below the MEMS beam.

Abstract: A method of producing a chip package is described. A plurality of chips is provided on a first wafer. Each chip has a cavity which opens to a first main face of the chip. The cavities are filled or covered temporarily. The chips are then singulated. The singulated chips are embedded in an encapsulation material, and then the cavities are re-exposed.

Abstract: A source material, which is based on a glass, is arranged on a working surface of a mold substrate. The mold substrate is made of a single-crystalline material. A cavity is formed in the working surface. The source material is pressed against the mold substrate. During pressing a temperature of the source material and a force exerted on the source material are controlled to fluidify source material. The fluidified source material flows into the cavity. Re-solidified source material forms a glass piece with a protrusion extending into the cavity. After re-solidifying, the glass piece may be bonded to the mold substrate. On the glass piece, protrusions and cavities can be formed with slope angles less than 80 degrees, with different slope angles, with different depths and widths of 10 micrometers and more.

Abstract: A metal-supporting catalyst for decomposing ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. The catalyst shows a high performance with a low cost and being advantageous from the viewpoint of resources, and an efficient method for producing hydrogen using the catalyst. The catalyst catalytically decomposes ammonia gas to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen generation catalyst includes, as a support, a mayenite type compound having oxygen ions enclosed therein or a mayenite type compound having 1015 cm?3 or more of conduction electrons or hydrogen anions enclosed therein, and metal grains for decomposing ammonia are supported on the surface of the support. Hydrogen is produced by continuously supplying 0.1-100 vol % of ammonia gas to a catalyst layer that comprises the aforesaid catalyst, and reacting the same at a reaction pressure of 0.01-1.0 MPa, at a reaction temperature of 300-800° C. and at a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 500/mlg?1h?1 or higher.

Abstract: A fossil fuel fired power plant exhaust gas conversion to syngas is provided. The exhaust gases being emitted from the power plant is normally cleaned and exhausted to the atmosphere. In the subject arrangement, the exhaust gases are directed through a wet scrubber and a reaction chamber to respectively remove sulfur and carbon dioxide. The cleaned exhaust gases are directed through an electrolysis process or a water-gas shift reactor to controllably produce extra hydrogen for use in the cleaned exhaust gas to obtain a desired ratio between the hydrogen and carbon monoxide therein. The resulting desired ratio in the exhaust gas between the hydrogen and carbon monoxide is the syngas that can be used for commercial applications.

Abstract: Provided is a facilitated CO2 transport membrane having an improved CO2 permeance and an improved CO2/H2 selectivity. The facilitated CO2 transport membrane includes a separation-functional membrane that includes a hydrophilic polymer gel membrane containing a CO2 carrier and a CO2 hydration catalyst. Further preferably, the CO2 hydration catalyst at least has catalytic activity at a temperature of 100° C. or higher, has a melting point of 200° C. or higher, or is soluble in water.