Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an energy harvesting device is provided. The energy harvesting device includes a plurality of energy harvesting elements, each energy harvesting element including a transducer, and at least one spring arranged in between at least two energy harvesting elements of the plurality of energy harvesting elements to mechanically couple the at least two energy harvesting elements to each other. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method for forming an energy harvesting device is also provided.

Abstract: A float operated lever device for wave energy conversion comprising at least one force amplifying lever, a pivot secured on a secured platform, a buoyant float attached to said lever and a latch means secured in position for obstructing the motion of said force amplifying lever for a fraction of half wave's period, when said float is nearly at its highest and lowest positions whereby said force amplifying lever travels downward or upward respectively, at a greater velocity and for a greater distance than in the case of free floating thus producing an amplified output force, pivoting speed and angular displacement. A method for thermal energy storage and retrieval of electricity in phase change material.

Abstract: Sample loading device and electrostatic levitation apparatus. The electrostatic levitation apparatus includes a sample storage part including a rod-shaped sample standby part having an external diameter of a first diameter and a rod-shaped sample loading part having an external diameter of a second diameter and a sample cover part covering the sample standby part. The sample storage part has a loading bar inserting hole formed in its center. The loading bar inserting hole is formed through the sample standby part and is formed successively through a portion of the sample loading part. The sample standby part has sample storage vertical through-holes. The sample loading part has a single sample transfer vertical through-hole. The sample transfer vertical through-hole is formed on a surface where the sample storage vertical through-hole is viewed, penetrates the sample loading part, and is connected to the loading bar inserting hole.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a torque limit for a motor, monitoring a torque output of the motor, determining an amplitude and a phase of a torque ripple of the torque output, and determining a compensated torque limit for the motor, the compensated torque limit including a first component at the torque limit and a second component at an adjusted torque limit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a control apparatus for dynamically adjusting a phase switching of a DC motor and a method thereof. A rotor in the DC motor is divided into 2 M pole areas, wherein M is a positive integer not less than 1. The control apparatus comprises a phase detector, a current detector, a control circuit and a driving circuit. The phase detector detects the phase switching state of the pole areas to generate a standard phase signal. The current detector detects a current flowing through the DC motor in one of switching points of the standard phase signal to generate a current detection value. The control circuit periodically outputs 2 M drive signals, and determines to perform dynamically adjusting operation on the timing sequence of the drive signals according to the current detection value. The driving circuit receives the drive signals to perform the phase switching for driving the DC motor.

Abstract: A drive control device for a motor includes an input terminal, an output terminal, an inverter circuit, a first switch unit, a capacitor, a diode, a rectifier circuit, a photo coupler, a second switch unit, and a voltage detector. The inverter circuit converts a direct current voltage into an alternating current voltage, and outputs the alternating current voltage to the output terminal. The first switch unit shorts the output terminal based on a control signal. The capacitor is connected to the input terminal, and is charged by a direct current voltage. The diode is connected between the input terminal and the capacitor. The diode limits a direction where a charge current for charging the capacitor flows. The rectifier circuit rectifies an induced voltage, which is generated in the motor, and outputs a rectified voltage. The photo coupler converts the rectified voltage into an optical signal, and thereafter, converts the optical signal into a converted signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to actuators. The teachings thereof may be embodied in an actuator drive for a flap or for a valve for setting a gaseous or liquid volume flow, for example in the heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning of a building, for a DC motor with a reduction gear connected downstream and a gearbox-side output. The actuator may include: a motor control unit and a voltage supply unit. The motor may be a brushless two-phase DC motor with a stator comprising a quadruple T armature, each armature comprising an armature coil and a radially outward-lying rotor mounted to rotate relative to the stator. Each armature may have precisely four alternating permanent magnetic poles uniformly distributed. The rotor is connected to a spring applying a restoring force to the rotor if the rotor is deflected from a rest position.

Abstract: A control method for restarting a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a rotating condition, and a device and a system thereof are provided. In the method, an electrical angular speed ?e of the PMSM is obtained based on a speed of a trailer to obtain a back electromotive force of the PMSM. The back electromotive force is compared with a voltage at a side of an inverter, and if the electromotive force of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is higher than the voltage at the side of the inverter, the restarting of the PMSM is forbidden, otherwise, the restarting of the PMSM is allowed. Therefore, in the present disclosure, the low-speed operating condition and the high-speed operating condition correspond to different position angles of the rotor, and the PMSM is started based on the position angle of the rotor.

Abstract: A generator is provided having a first array of magnets and a second array of magnets. The first array is typically disposed in a first elongated Halbach configuration and the second array of magnets is disposed in a second configuration. The first and second arrays are configured to manipulate a net flux field to form a figure eight flux field between the first and second arrays. At least one coil disposed between the first and second arrays, such that relative movement of the first and second arrays with respect to the first coil generates an electric current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phase control loop for the rotational speed regulation of an electric generator fed by an internal combustion engine, having an input connection, which is designed to receive a rotational speed signal measured on a drive shaft of the electric generator, an amplitude determination device, which is coupled to the input connection and which is designed to determine the amplitude of rotational speed ripples of the measured rotational speed signal, a correction function device, which is coupled to the amplitude determination device and the input connection and which is designed to determine a rotational speed correction signal on the basis of the determined amplitude of the rotational speed ripple and of the measure rotational speed signal, a phase discriminator, which is coupled to the amplitude determination device and the correction function device and which is designed to determine a phase difference signal between the measured rotational speed signal and the rotational speed correct

Abstract: In an embodiment, a control system includes a processor. The processor is configured to receive signals from one or more sensors disposed in a gas turbine system, wherein the gas turbine system comprises a shaft mechanically coupled to an electric generator. The processor is further configured to predict a derived mechanical power for the shaft based on the signals. The processor is additionally configured to derive a power adjustment by executing at least one model. The processor is also configured to derive a corrected mechanical power by applying the power adjustment to the derived mechanical power; and to control the gas turbine system based on the corrected mechanical power.

Abstract: In the context of electric power generation facilities, a system and method that enable control of maximum sustained rate of change in output to accommodate changing load conditions and to facilitate efficient use of system resources are disclosed. In accordance with aspects of the disclosed subject matter, a ramp rate for an electric generator source may be set, operating parameters may be monitored, rates of change or discrepancies of the operating parameters over time may be computed; and output signals may then be used selectively to control certain system components.

Abstract: A system for modulating a current level of a power grid includes a perturbation module that injects a sinusoidal signal, at a cross-over frequency, to modulate a duty cycle to a power converter connected to the power grid; a current controller that monitors a reference current and a current at grid-side terminal of the power converter, the current controller further monitors a current of the power grid; and a parameter calculation module that calculates a plurality of gain values for the current controller based at least in part on a phase margin, a cross-over frequency, a current of an alternating current side of the power converter, and the duty cycle.

Abstract: An improved system for tuning a motor controller is disclosed. The controller gains are initially set based on the measured frequency response for the controlled system. A desired level of performance is defined by setting a desired phase margin and a desired gain margin to be observed in the frequency response. An improved method of determining the frequency response provides for a reduced computational intensity. The initial tuning routine uses the frequency response to set not only controller gains, but also settings for filters in the control module. Having obtained the desired level of performance from the initial tuning, the motor drive executes an adaptive tuning routine while controlling the motor. The adaptive tuning routine tracks changes in the operating performance and adjusts the filter settings or the controller gains to return operation to within the desired level of performance while the motor continues to operate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the motor of a synchronous reluctance motor for a pump, in particular a centrifugal pump, are provided. The motor includes a variable-frequency drive which controls the synchronous reluctance motor in a terminal volts/hertz operation. The pump, in particular a centrifugal pump, includes at least one synchronous reluctance motor and a variable-frequency drive for a motor control, the variable-frequency drive being a terminal volts/hertz variable-frequency drive.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electric machine (1) including a rotor (13) and a stator (11). The stator has a first set of teeth and each tooth in the first set has a first winding (21) The stator also has a second set of teeth and each tooth in the second set has a second winding (41). The first winding (21) has a first winding count and the second winding (41) has a second winding count. The first and second winding counts are different from each other. The electric machine has particular application in cranking an internal combustion engine. The present application also relates to a related control apparatus (50) and a vehicle.

Abstract: A system includes a variable frequency drive (VFD) comprising an inverter having an output configured to be coupled to a motor and a switch configured to couple a power source to the motor to bypass the VFD. The system further includes a control circuit configured to synchronize the VFD to the power source, to operate the switch to couple the power source and the VFD in parallel and to subsequently disable the inverter responsive to a current of the inverter. In some embodiments, a PWM frequency of the VFD may be temporarily increased when transferring the motor from the power source to the VFD.

Abstract: An electric power tool includes: a brushless motor having a plurality of stator windings and configured to rotate in accordance with voltages applied to the plurality of stator windings, an induced voltage being generated in accordance with a rotation of the brushless motor; a rectifier circuit configured to rectify an AC voltage; a smoothing capacitor configured to smooth the AC voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit to a pulsation voltage having a maximum value larger than the induced voltage and a minimum value smaller than the induced voltage; and an inverter circuit configured to perform switching operations to output the pulsation voltage to the plurality of stator windings by rotation.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a first and second motors, a high-voltage device, and a power converter. The power converter is disposed between the first and second motors. The power converter is configured to convert the electric power and to supply the converted electric power to the first and second motors. The power converter has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape that has a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, a third side wall, and a fourth side wall opposite to the third side wall. The first connector is provided on the first side wall and is connected to a first three-phase line via which the first motor is electrically connected to the power converter. The second connector is provided on the third side wall and is connected to a second three-phase line via which the second motor is electrically connected to the power converter.

Abstract: A heat pump device includes a compressor compressing refrigerant; a motor driving the compressor; an inverter applying alternating-current voltage to the motor; and an inverter control unit generating a control signal for controlling the inverter. The inverter control unit executes control by using a first switching pattern in which all of three switching elements on a positive or negative voltage side of the inverter are changed to an ON state, then executes control by using a second switching pattern in which two switching elements to which electric current flows in the same direction when controlled by using the first switching pattern are changed to an OFF state, and then executes control by using a third switching pattern in which two switching elements on a reverse voltage side of the two switching elements changed to an OFF state by using the second switching pattern are changed to an ON state.

Abstract: A vehicle having at least two electric machines includes an oil circulation path that circulates oil through the electric machines. A controller commands the electric machines to fulfill torque demands. The controller utilizes the oil temperature in the oil circulation path to control the commanded torque output by the electric machines. In the event of a failure or fault in an oil temperature sensor, the controller estimates the oil temperature from the temperature of coils within at least one of the electric machines. The estimated oil temperature is utilized instead of the sensed oil temperature to control the torque outputs to satisfy torque demands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roof integrated sunlight generation module having a device capable of improving and optimizing sunlight generation efficiency, and a sunlight generation module according to an embodiment includes a solar battery module generating electric power by using sunlight, an external frame having a receiving part receiving the solar battery module, a support frame disposed in the receiving part to support the solar battery module, the support frame having a penetration part formed at a center region, and a generating efficiency optimization device installed in the penetration part and connected to an output terminal of the solar battery module to optimize efficiency of sunlight generation. Through installing the generation efficiency optimization device capable of controlling each solar battery at each solar battery, total generation efficiency of the sunlight generation system can be maximized.

Abstract: A support member for mounting photovoltaic modules on a support surface and a mounting system including the same are disclosed herein. The support member may comprise a body portion, the body portion including a ballast receiving portion for accommodating one or more ballasts, the body portion further including at least one support portion; and at least one clamp subassembly, the at least one clamp subassembly rotatably coupled to the at least one support portion of the body portion, the at least one clamp subassembly configured to be coupled to one or more photovoltaic modules, the at least one clamp subassembly including a downwardly sloped flange portion configured to facilitate an insertion of the one or more photovoltaic modules into the at least one clamp subassembly, and to limit a rotation of the at least one clamp subassembly on the at least one support portion of the body portion.

Abstract: A photovoltaic junction box comprising a diode module and a circuit board disposed in a box body, and a heat sink mounted on the outer surface of the box body. The diode module is attached to the back side of the heat sink and is electrically connected to cooper conductor. The heat sink is made of aluminum material and a heat-absorbing layer is provided inside the heat sink. The heat-absorbing layer is close to the diode module. The aluminum heat sink provides great thermal conductivity, therefore, can greatly increase the cooling capacity of the junction box. In addition, because metal material for higher temperature resistance is used instead of lower temperature resistance plastic material, the box body would not deform as easy, greatly increase the safety and reliability of the junction box.

Abstract: The disclosed system and method provide for a CATV power amplifier in which power dissipation may be reduced by dynamically adjusting the amplifier bias such that the bias is high only when high peak output signals need to be produced. By combining a bias control signal and an RF data signal into a single signal produced by a single DA converter, the disclosed examples require fewer DA converters and a need to synchronize DA converters to produce each of the signals individually is eliminated. A low frequency signal may be added to the RF band to find an optimum compromise between positive and negative peak excursions produced by the amplifier such that an overall reduction in bias may be achieved.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) chip can include an operational amplifier with adjustable operational parameters. The IC chip can also include a trimming module configured to measure an output voltage of the operational amplifier in response to at least one of detecting that the operational amplifier has a positive supply voltage set to a level greater than a predetermined level and detecting a given common mode voltage at inverting and non-inverting inputs of the operational amplifier. The trimming module can also be configured to adjust the operational parameters of the operational amplifier based on the output voltage to trim the operational amplifier.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a high-frequency semiconductor amplifier circuit includes an input terminal and an output terminal. A gate of a first transistor is connected to the input terminal. A drain of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal. A second transistor is connected between a source of the first transistor and a reference potential terminal. A bias generation circuit has an input control signal terminal, a bias voltage terminal connected to the gate of the first transistor, a control voltage terminal connected to a gate of the second transistor, and an intermediate voltage terminal connected to the drain of the first transistor. The bias generation circuit supplies a control voltage, a bias voltage, and a first voltage according to the input control signal.

Abstract: Various methods and circuital arrangements for controlling an RF amplifier while reducing size, cost and power consumption are presented. Included is an amplifier controller unit that provides different current amplification stages, via corresponding calibration and control blocks, that can be used for calibrating an output power of the RF amplifier based on a reference current. Order of the current amplification stages starting from the reference current allow reduction in size, cost and power consumption. A fixed or programmable offset current may be added to an output current provided by a current amplification stage.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a tunable peaking amplifier circuit including: an input node, an output node and a feedback node; a first input amplifier having an input connected to the input node and an output connected to the feedback node; a second input amplifier having an input connected to the input node; a coupling capacitor connected between an output of the second input amplifier and the feedback node; an amplifier having an input connected to the feedback node and an output connected to the output node; and a feedback circuit having an input coupled to the output node and an output connected to the feedback node, the feedback circuit including a tuning circuit for varying a transconductance of the feedback circuit to adjust an operational frequency of the peaking amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A Doherty power amplifier includes a main device in a main amplifier circuit and an auxiliary device in an auxiliary amplifier circuit arranged in parallel with the main amplifier circuit. The Doherty power amplifier further includes a load modulation network including a first open-circuited transmission line connected to an output of the main device; a second open-circuited transmission line connected to an output of the auxiliary device; and an impedance transformation and phase compensation network connected with the output of the main device and the output of the auxiliary device for providing a combined output power. The first and second open-circuited transmission lines are arranged directly adjacent one another to form, during operation, a mutual coupling therebetween.

Abstract: Power amplification system with adaptive bias control. In some embodiments a power amplification system includes a power amplifier including a radio-frequency (RF) input terminal for receiving an RF signal, an RF output terminal for providing an amplified RF signal, a supply voltage terminal for receiving a power amplifier supply voltage to power the power amplifier, and one or more bias terminals for receiving one or more bias signals. The power amplification system also includes a bias controller configured to provide the one or more bias signals to the one or more bias terminals, at least one of the one or more bias signals being based on the power amplifier supply voltage.

Abstract: A multi-stage low-noise amplifier (LNA) device with a band pass response includes a first LNA in series with a second LNA. The device further includes multiple outputs coupled to the second LNA. Each of the outputs is capable of being active at the same time. The device further includes a high pass filter coupled between the first LNA and the second LNA.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to an amplifier configured to process signals received in different frequency bands, where at least a portion of the amplifier is shared between different modes corresponding to the different frequency bands. One example circuit generally includes an amplifier having at least one first transistor configured to amplify a first signal received in a first mode of operation (e.g., associated with a particular frequency band), and at least one second transistor configured to amplify a second signal received in a second mode of operation. The amplifier may also include a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, and one or more switches configured to selectively couple the primary winding to the first transistor or the second transistor based on the first mode or the second mode of operation, respectively. In certain aspects, the transformer may be coupled to a transconductance circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a differential amplification circuit that outputs differential output signals Vo1 and Vo2, external output terminals PD1 and PD2 to which one of the differential output signals Vo1 and Vo2 and single end signals Vo3 and Vo4 is selectively supplied, switch units SW1 and SW2 that control a conduction state between the external output terminal PD1 and the feedback line and a conduction state between the external output terminal PD2 and the feedback line, respectively, resistance elements R1 and R2 respectively provided in series with the switch units SW1 and SW2, a CMFB circuit that controls a common mode voltage of the differential amplification circuit according to a difference between an intermediate voltage Vcm of the external output terminals PD1 and PD2 in the feedback line and a reference voltage Vref, and a switch unit SW3 that controls to supply a clamp voltage to the feedback line.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a multi-output amplifier implemented using a capacitive attenuator. For example, the multi-output amplifier generally includes a first capacitive attenuator coupled to an input node of the multi-output amplifier. In certain aspects, the multi-output amplifier also includes a first amplification stage having an input coupled to a tap node of the first capacitive attenuator and an output coupled to a first output node of the multi-output amplifier, and a second amplification stage having an output coupled to a second output node of the multi-output amplifier. For certain aspects, the multi-output amplifier includes a second capacitive attenuator coupled to the input node of the multi-output amplifier, and the second amplification stage may have an input coupled to a tap node of the second capacitive attenuator.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an amplifier. The amplifier includes a first transistor that receives a first input. A second transistor receives a second input. A plurality of impedance networks is coupled between the first transistor and the second transistor. At least one impedance network of the plurality of impedance networks includes a first impedance path and a second impedance path. The first impedance path is activated during single ended operation, and the second impedance path is activated during differential operation.

Abstract: A circuit includes a differential input stage amplifier that receives a differential input voltage and generates an output voltage based on a difference in the differential input voltage. A feedback loop provides feedback from an output of the differential input stage amplifier to input tail current of the differential input stage amplifier. The feedback loop enables class AB operation of the differential input stage amplifier. At least one gain reducer is operatively coupled to the feedback loop to reduce the gain of the feedback loop. The gain reducer has a resistance value that varies inversely proportional to loop current in the feedback loop to reduce the gain of the feedback loop as loop current increases.

Abstract: A device includes a reconfigurable receiver front end having variable gain and variable bandwidth configured to tune to a plurality of communication channels in a communication band, the reconfigurable receiver front end responsive to a signal power level.

Abstract: A digital signal processor that is capable of suppressing a signal level of an input analog signal at not more than the maximum voltage for A/D conversion and capable of preventing distortion of an A/D converted digital signal while maintaining a good S/N ratio. The digital signal processor 2 of the present invention includes amplification factor setting mechanisms to set amplification factors of the analog amplifiers to second amplification factors lower than first amplification factors specified by amplification factor adjustment knobs, digital amplifier mechanisms to amplify A/D converted digital signals by third amplification factors lower than the first amplification factors, and digital limiter mechanisms to compare the signal levels of the digital signals amplified by the third amplification factors with a threshold defined in advance and attenuate the digital signals within the range of the third amplification factors based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and associated methodology providing for fixed components that exhibit tailorable variations in frequency response depending on the applied frequencies over the components useful frequency range. The presently disclosed subject matter provides improved operational characteristics of generally known transmission line capacitor devices by providing a parallel resistive component constructed as a portion of the dielectric separating electrodes corresponding to a capacitor.

Abstract: A DC/DC electrical configuration for operating over a large span of input voltages. The electrical configuration converter including a pre-filter, a voltage limiter; a first DC/DC converter; a second DC/DC converter; a step-down transformer; and a rectifier filter. The DC-DC electrical configuration safely operates in a presence of an input voltage that varies in magnitude.

Abstract: There is provided a variable RF filter receiving an input differential radio frequency signal from a differential input terminals and allowing a radio frequency signal around a desired frequency to pass therethrough, wherein first passive mixers driven by a rectangular wave clock signal having an arbitrarily determined frequency are connected in parallel to a signal line across the differential input terminals and differential output terminals, and wherein a load of each of the first passive mixers is configured by inductors. Further, as a clock signal driving each of the first passive mixers, an odd-multiple-wave Lo signal (for example, a triple-wave Lo signal) is used, the signal having a frequency odd-multiple times (for example, three times) as high as that of the Lo signal which is the fundamental wave of the passing radio frequency signal.

Abstract: A multi-state phase shifter circuit having both low insertion loss (IL) and good return loss. Two or more phase shift elements are combined into a single cell architecture to reduce the number of series-connected FET switches and reduce the total IL. One embodiment has two ports connected by parallel signal paths each comprising a pair of switches and a phase shift element comprising, for example, an inductor, a capacitor, a transmission line, or a conductor. Another embodiment has two ports connected by parallel signal paths each comprising a switch and at least one associated phase shift element. The switches in each parallel signal path allow the associated phase shift element to be placed in-circuit under the control of an applied signal. The sets of switches may be independently controlled, so that multiple parallel signal paths may be switched into circuit between the phase shifter circuit ports at the same time.

Abstract: A tunable duplexer is specified is disclosed. In an embodiment, the duplexer includes a transmission port, a reception port, a common port and a core having a first inductive element and a second inductive element. The duplexer further includes a first signal path electrically connecting the transmission port to the core, a second signal path electrically connecting the reception port to the core and a third signal path electrically connecting the common port to the core. A first tunable capacitive element electrically connects the first signal path to ground and a second tunable capacitive element electrically connects the second signal path to ground, wherein the first inductive element and the second inductive element are inductively and conductively coupled to one another.

Abstract: A non-linear impedance terminates a transmission line. The non-linear impedance may be implemented with a back-to-back connected inverter pair. The pair acts as a non-linear resistor. A process, voltage, temperature (PVT) tracking circuit may also be provided to improve PVT tracking, with resistance of transistors locked to a calibrated resistor. The replica circuit does not appear in the signal path, and does not add capacitive load.

Abstract: A phase shifter, which carries out a ninety-degree phase shift of a sinusoidal input signal having an input frequency, at the same input frequency, envisages: a continuous-time all-pass filter stage, which receives the sinusoidal input signal and generates an output signal phase-shifted by 90° at a phase-shift frequency that is a function of a RC time constant of the all-pass filter stage; and a calibration stage, which is coupled to the all-pass filter stage and generates a calibration signal for the all-pass filter stage, such that the phase-shift frequency is equal to the input frequency of the sinusoidal input signal, irrespective of variations of the value of the input frequency and/or of the RC time constant with respect to a nominal value.

Abstract: An improved switchable capacitor array comprises a plurality of n?2 capacitor units, each comprising a capacitor with a capacitance and a switch unit. The capacitor units are electrically connected in series. Equidistantly spaced impedance values can be obtained if the values of the capacitances are chosen properly.

Abstract: A temperature stabilized device and method for temperature stabilization are provided. The temperature stabilized device comprises a substrate having a first surface, at least one component mounted on the first surface of the substrate, and a first conformal layer comprising a thermoelectric material, with the first conformal layer over the at least one component. A first temperature control circuit is electrically coupled to the first conformal layer. The first temperature control circuit is configured to control a current through the first conformal layer. The current through the first conformal layer is controlled to maintain the at least one component at a target operating temperature.

Abstract: A voltage adjustment circuit includes switches connected in parallel between a circuit unit and an electric power supply line to which a first electric power supply voltage is applied, and changes the number of switches turned off, based on a comparison result between a target value and a second electric power supply voltage supplied to the circuit unit, to adjust the second electric power supply voltage. A control circuit decides an interval for increasing the number of switches turned off when the circuit unit changes to standby state, based on a leak current value of the circuit unit in standby state, a time in which the second electric power supply voltage changes from a first to a second value, the first and second values, and an electric potential difference by which the second electric power supply voltage changes when one switch switches between on and off.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a master latch circuit including a first circuit and a second circuit, and a slave latch circuit including a third circuit and a fourth circuit. The first circuit and the second circuit may be coupled to a first shared circuit node, and the third circuit and the fourth circuit may be coupled to a second shared circuit node. The master latch circuit may be configured to store a value of an input signal in response to an assertion of a clock signal. The slave latch circuit may be configured to store an output value of the master latch circuit in response to a de-assertion of the clock signal. The master latch circuit may also be configured to de-couple the first shared circuit node from a ground reference node in response to the de-assertion of the clock signal.