Abstract: A method for operating a fuel injector having at least one injection orifice that is controlled by an injector needle, in which pressure variations during the opening and/or closing of the injector needle are ascertained with the aid of a sensor. In order to determine the opening/closing instant of the injector needle, a variable that characterizes the velocity of sound of a pressure wave by the opening and/or closing is measured, and the wave propagation time, by which the needle or valve opening/closing instant is corrected, is inferred therefrom.

Abstract: A device for compressing a gaseous fluid includes a first chamber thermally coupled with a hot source, a second chamber thermally coupled with a cold source, a movable piston moved by a rod, and a regenerating exchanger establishing fluid communication between the first and second chambers. The rod is arranged in a cylindrical socket and guided in axial translation by a linear guiding system such as to guide the piston without contact relative to the sleeve. A sealing ring attached to the cylindrical socket surrounds the rod with a very low radial clearance, in order to limit the passage of the gaseous fluid along the mobile rod. Also disclosed is an integral cold casing having machined boreholes, a thermal screen in the hot casing, and a self-driving system with a resilient return means.

Abstract: A thrust reverser includes: a thrust-reversing element movable between a stowed position and a deployed position; at least one hydraulic actuator operably coupled to move the thrust-reversing element between the stowed and deployed positions; at least one hydraulic primary lock configured to transition, in response to a first activation pressure, between an engaged state, where movement of the thrust-reversing element is inhibited, and a released state, where movement of the thrust-reversing element is uninhibited; and a directional control unit fluidly coupled to the hydraulic actuator and the hydraulic primary lock, the directional control unit configured to transition from a first stage to a second stage in response to a second activation pressure that is greater than the first activation pressure, and where a transition from the first stage to the second stage by the directional control unit causes the hydraulic actuator to move the thrust-reversing element to the deployed position.

Abstract: A hanger assembly for use between a first duct and a second duct having an opening therein includes a spring having a first end and a second end, a first mount for attaching the first end to the first duct, a second mount for attaching the second end to the second duct, the second mount having an area greater than the opening, and a central aperture therethrough.

Abstract: An automatic starting system includes a choke or similar apparatus. The apparatus includes at least a choke plate, a choke arm, and a control arm. The choke plate is configured to control a ratio of fuel and air for an engine. The choke arm is fixedly coupled with the choke plate. The control arm adjustably coupled with the choke arm. The control arm and the choke arm cooperate to move the choke plate into multiple positions, which correspond to multiple ratios of fuel and air for the engine.

Abstract: A carburetor with a fuel and air mixing passage and a fuel delivery system may include a valve actuated by a diaphragm with no penetrations through at least the portion of the diaphragm exposed to a fuel metering chamber. The diaphragm may include at least two convolutions increasing a surface area of the portion of the diaphragm exposed to the fuel metering chamber relative to the surface area of a plane exposed to and covering the fuel metering chamber. A diaphragm may be in the form of a bellows with at least two convolutions. The diaphragm may be made of a suitable polymer or one or more pieces of a thin metal sheet or foil.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for an internal combustion engine having two dedicated EGR cylinders. A dual valve system is used to control the output of the dedicated EGR cylinders so that the engine may intake EGR exhaust from both, only one, or neither of the dedicated EGR cylinders.

Abstract: A linear actuator for driving an actuating element of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle has two scanning elements for scanning opposite sides of a guide cam. The guide cam has a protruding rib against which the two scanning elements are pre-tensioned to permit a play-free scan of the guide cam.

Abstract: A power system is disclosed. The power system may have a cryogenic tank configured to hold a supply of liquid fuel, and an engine configured to combust gaseous fuel. The power system may also have a coolant circuit configured to cool the engine, and at least one heat exchanger isolated from the coolant circuit and configured to receive a fluid passing through the engine. The power system may further have a first fuel line extending from the cryogenic tank to the at least one heat exchanger, and a second fuel line extending from the at least one heat exchanger to the engine.

Abstract: A filter box assembly for a branched intake system in a vehicle includes an air filter and a filter box housing the air filter. The air filter has a downstream face. The filter box defines an airflow path between a dirty air intake opening and multiple clean air output openings, has a clean air section at the downstream face of the air filter from which each of the clean air output openings open, and includes an interior wall in the clean air section that branches the airflow path to each of the clean air output openings at the downstream face of the air filter.

Abstract: A saddle vehicle includes an engine that is between a front wheel and a rear wheel and is mounted on a vehicle frame. The saddle vehicle includes: a rear fender at least partially covering the rear wheel from above; and an air cleaner between the rear fender and the engine; wherein the air cleaner is fixed to the rear fender.

Abstract: A fuel supply device includes a fuel pump, a filter case that houses a fuel filter, and a port member joined to the filter case, a fuel pumped by the fuel pump from inside a fuel tank is filtered by the fuel filter and supplied from inside the filter case toward an internal combustion engine, and the port member integrally includes a plurality of fuel ports that communicate from inside of the filter case to outside of the filter case.

Abstract: A fuel supply device includes a sub-tank, a pump unit, a jet pump, and a connection structure connected with the pump unit and the jet pump. The connection structure has a guide part that is provided to the pump unit and guides the pressurized fuel toward the bottom in an axial direction, a pressurizing part that is provided to the jet pump and is fitted to the guide part from a side of the bottom in an axially slidable manner, to which the pressurized fuel is guided from the guide part, a shock-absorbing member that has a low spring constant that is predetermined and mitigates an axial impact between the guide part and the pressurizing part, and a sealing member that has a high spring constant higher than the low spring constant of the shock-absorbing member and radially seals a space between the guide part and the pressurizing part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to fuel systems. Some embodiments of the teachings may include a fuel pump comprising: a pump piston having a longitudinal centerline; a camshaft with at least one cam; a roller tappet arranged between the pump piston and the cam; and a tappet body and a roller rotatably held on the roller tappet. The pump piston and the tappet body may be movement-coupled with regard to movements in directions parallel to the piston longitudinal centerline. The roller may be in contact with the cam. The longitudinal centerline may intersect a geometric axis of rotation of the roller. The tappet body defines a tappet body longitudinal centerline parallel to the piston longitudinal centerline. The tappet body longitudinal centerline, in a projected view oriented parallel to the geometric axis of rotation of the roller, runs with a lateral spacing to the piston longitudinal center line.

Abstract: Provided is a sliding member having a steel back metal layer and a sliding layer. The sliding layer includes a resin composition and a porous sintered layer including Fe or Fe alloy phase particles and a Ni—P alloy phase functioning as a binder. The steel back metal layer is made of a carbon steel including 0.05 to 0.3 mass % carbon and includes a ferrite phase and a pearlite phase. A central portion in a thickness direction of the steel back metal layer includes not greater than 30 volume % of the pearlite phase. The steel back metal layer includes a high pearlite phase portion in its surface facing the sliding layer. The high pearlite phase portion includes not less than 50 volume % of the pearlite phase.

Abstract: A valve device includes a housing, a flow duct and a valve body. The valve body is arranged in the flow duct and has a sealing section that bears against a housing-side sealing seat when the valve device is closed. The sealing section and the sealing seat together form a sealing region. There is a collapse zone immediately upstream of the sealing region in the flow duct when the valve device is closed. The collapse zone is delimited by a boundary wall that is at least substantially perpendicular with respect to a movement axis of the valve body and by a deflector wall that is arranged at an angle with respect to the boundary wall. The boundary wall is longer than the deflector wall.

Abstract: A center body assembly for a fuel injector is disclosed. The center body assembly defines a primary liquid passage, a liquid gallery, swirl slots, and a prefilm passage. The primary liquid passage supplies liquid fuel to the liquid gallery. The liquid gallery includes a gallery discharge end and a gallery inlet end that aligns with the primary liquid passage. The liquid gallery tapers down from the gallery inlet end to the gallery discharge end. The swirl slots extend from the liquid gallery to the prefilm passage in a helical pattern. The prefilm passage includes an annular shape that turns inward towards an assembly axis of the center body assembly.

Abstract: Nozzle and a method of making the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and start-stop device for initiating an automatic shutdown of an engine, in particular a combustion engine, in a motor vehicle are provided, wherein an automatic shutdown of the engine is initiated if a condition triggering a stop has been met and no shutdown preventer has been met. A first condition triggering a stop is determined depending on a delay request, when with the triggered delay request a braking value is requested that exceeds a predetermined first shutdown braking threshold without exceeding a predetermined second shutdown braking threshold that is greater than the predetermined first shutdown braking threshold. A second condition triggering a stop is determined depending on a delay request, if with the triggered delay request a braking value is requested that exceeds the predetermined second shutdown braking threshold.

Abstract: A system for automatically adjusting the temperature and carbon monoxide level in an occupied passenger compartment of a vehicle includes sensors for sensing carbon monoxide levels, temperature, and occupants in the passenger compartment. A controller receives input from the sensors, and activates an electric heater or an electric cooler to bring the temperatures within the passenger compartment within a predetermined temperature range if the temperature detected within the passenger compartment falls outside of the predetermined range of temperatures. The controller may automatically shut off the engine of the vehicle when the vehicle is in idle and the carbon monoxide level within the passenger compartment falls above a predetermined level, or if a transmission lever of the vehicle is placed in a park position. A motor generator unit coupled to the engine provides electricity to rechargeable batteries of an alternate power unit, which powers the electric heater and the electric cooler.

Abstract: A vehicular control apparatus includes a battery (20), a voltage detection unit (21b), a current detection unit (21a), a first calculation unit, a second calculation unit, a determination unit, and a control unit. The first calculation unit calculates a first SOC of the battery based on an open circuit voltage of the battery. When the accuracy of the first SOC is equal to or more than a predetermined level, the control unit controls a predetermined operation accompanied by charging and/or discharging the battery based on the first SOC. When the accuracy of the first SOC is lower than the predetermined level, the second calculation unit calculates a second SOC by adding a time integrated value to a past first SOC determined to have the accuracy equal to or more than the predetermined level, and the control unit controls the predetermined operation based on the second SOC.

Abstract: An ignition timing control device for an internal combustion engine including: a setting unit configured to set a target ignition timing of the internal combustion engine based on a reference ignition timing and an advance correction amount; a start determination unit configured to determine, based on change in an alcohol concentration, whether or not the fuel injected from a fuel injection valve starts to switch from a first fuel to a second fuel higher in the alcohol concentration than the first fuel; a completion determination unit configured to determine whether or not switching to the second fuel is completed; a restriction unit configured to restrict the advance correction amount during a switching period to the advance correction amount corresponding to the alcohol concentration of the first fuel or lower; and a cancel unit configured to cancel restriction of the advance correction amount after the completion of the switching is determined.

Abstract: An igniter for a spark ignition system includes a support body fabricated from an electrically insulating material and a metal casing disposed outwardly of and at least partially surrounding the support body. The metal casing has a structure for connecting the metal casing to ground. At least two rod-shaped first electrodes are supported one relative to another by the support body and are electrically isolated one from the other by the support body. Each first electrode has a first end that protrudes from a first end of the support body at a spark forming end of the igniter. The support body is disposed at least partly within an axial channel of a generally cylindrically-shaped second electrode. The second electrode projects past the support body at the spark forming end of the igniter and cooperates with the first ends of the at least two first electrodes to define at least two spark gaps. The second electrode is electrically isolated from the metal casing by an air gap.

Abstract: A multipoint spark plug for igniting an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of an engine includes a main body portion that is formed in a flattened shape and inserted into an insertion hole of the engine such that a tip end portion thereof opposes the combustion chamber, a pair of side electrodes provided via a gap in a lengthwise direction of the tip end portion, and at least one intermediate electrode provided in the gap between the pair of side electrodes such that a plurality of ignition gaps are formed in the lengthwise direction of the tip end portion.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining a type of spark plug fouling. In one example, a method may include differentiating spark plug fouling due to soot accumulation from spark plug fouling due to fuel additive accumulation based on a current on a control wire of the spark plug following application of a dwell command. Further, exhaust oxygen sensor degradation and/or exhaust catalyst degradation may be determined based on switching frequencies of one or more exhaust oxygen sensors and the type of spark plug fouling.

Abstract: An engine has an ignition source in a combustion chamber of the engine. An inner housing is provided that includes one or more jet apertures and defines an inner chamber containing the ignition source. An outer housing (or pre-chamber) is provided that includes one or more jet apertures in communication with the main combustion chamber and defines an outer chamber containing the inner housing.

Abstract: A rolling-door-type load regulating device and an ocean energy power generating device using the same are described herein. The rolling-door-type load regulating device includes a water guiding unit, a roller spindle, and a driver. The water guiding unit includes at least two water guiding plates connected in parallel. The roller spindle is fixed to one end of the water guiding unit. The driver is connected with the roller spindle and drives the roller spindle to rotate to spread or retract the water guiding unit. The rolling-door-type load regulating device in the invention can regulate the load suffered by the hydraulic turbine. Therefore, the power generated by the ocean energy power generating device can be stably output and be directly used, thereby solving the problem that the output power of the conventional ocean energy power generator has wide fluctuations and poor stability.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a small, inexpensive, long-lived underwater beacon locator. The beacon locator can illustratively include a housing, a communications link, a processor, a plurality of hydrophones and a motion generator.

Abstract: A system for capturing fluid energy has a blade shaft coupled to a gear assembly and a blade assembly. The blade assembly has a rod arm and a blade having a front surface and a blade plane, the blade fixedly coupled substantially normal to the rod arm. A limiter coupling has a limiter coupling axis and is coupled to the blade such that the limiter coupling axis is substantially parallel to the front surface and perpendicular to the rod arm. A horizontal limiter restricts the limiter coupling to a range of motion substantially along a first movement axis perpendicular to the limiter coupling axis and substantially perpendicular to the blade shaft. The blade assembly interacts with a fluid flow to transmit fluid energy from the fluid flow to the blade shaft to impart rotational energy to the gear assembly.

Abstract: A counterweight system for a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine comprises a rotor hub positioned on a wind turbine tower such that the rotor hub is configured to rotate around an axis, the rotor hub comprising one or more mounting surfaces, the counterweight system comprising: The system comprises a beam comprising a connection element adapted to be attached to the mounting surfaces, the beam being provided with a first steering mechanism adapted to control an orientation of the beam with respect to the connection element. Furthermore, the system comprises a counterweight mass coupled to the beam. Moreover, methods for installing blades to a rotor hub of a wind turbine are also provided.

Abstract: A present invention describes unique wind turbine assembly in a shape of closed hollow cylinder formed by two sets of three adjustable to positive and negative pitch horizontal blades supported instead of central shaft by three vertical cylindrical blades, which makes this turbine responsive to omni-directional wind. Proposed design concept provides with: Significant increase of turbine efficiency exceeding 60%, which after coupling this rotor with a generator of 60% efficiency leads to overall wind generator efficiency exceeding 40%. Low turbine inertia requiring moderate start up winds and reducing turbine vibrations. Noiseless turbine operation due to its rotation around vertical axis. Environmental friendliness as low operating speed does not generate strong turbulent air flow capable to challenge birds and bugs existence. No electronic control of blades angle of attack. Ease of manufacturing and maintaining together with their reduced cost.

Abstract: A method for controlling a wind turbine system is provided. The wind turbine system includes a power conversion assembly for converting electrical power into a converted electrical power. The method includes monitoring a power extraction parameter, wherein the power extraction parameter is indicative of the power extracted by the wind turbine system from the wind prior to being converted in the power conversion assembly. The method further includes controlling one or more operational variables of the wind turbine system in response to monitoring the power extraction parameter.

Abstract: A drivetrain for a horizontal axis wind turbine includes a main shaft, and a main bearing housing having a main body at least partly enclosing the main shaft and extending from a first end to a second end, a distance from the second end to the rotor attachment flange being larger than a distance from the first end to the rotor attachment flange. The main bearing housing: carries the main shaft via a first bearing and a second bearing, a distance between the second bearing and the rotor attachment flange being larger than a distance between the first bearing and the rotor attachment flange; has a first seat for the first bearing, and a second seat for the second bearing; and includes a seat flange extending from the main body at least partly radially inwards, the second seat being located on a distal end of the seat flange.

Abstract: A method for optically acquiring a wind turbine for monitoring purposes with the aid of an aircraft, in particular a manned or unmanned rotorcraft, which has at least one camera installed thereon, wherein the wind turbine comprises a plurality of rotor blades, the surface of which is scanned within the scope of the method.

Abstract: Method and device for replacing a blade (13) in wind turbines that comprises two elements, one upper (1) and the other lower (2) that work together to raise and/or lower the blade (13) of a wind turbine. The device's upper element or “top” (1) comprises some elements (4) bolted to the bearing (3) of the wind turbine and some means of fastening (5) the blade (13), while the lower element or “ground” (2) is a structure that encompasses the wind turbine tower (8) and has at least two winches (2.5) and two deviation pulleys (2.4) to connect some cables (6) between the device elements, namely the “top” (1) and “ground” (2).

Abstract: An adjustment device for regulating torque of a hydrostatic piston machine includes a piston delimiting a chamber, a regulation valve, feedback and regulation springs, and a member. The valve has a displaceable slide to enable pressure medium to flow into or out of the chamber, a measurement surface acted on by pressure from the piston machine, and a bore open to the chamber, a side facing the chamber acted on by a chamber pressure in a first direction. The feedback spring exerts force on the slide in the first direction, depending on a position of the piston. The regulation spring exerts force on the slide in a second direction opposite the first direction. The member has a surface as large as the side of the bore such that the chamber pressure exerts force on the slide in the second direction.

Abstract: An adjustment device for regulating the torque of a hydrostatic piston machine with adjustable swept volume, comprises an adjustment piston delimiting an adjustment chamber, a regulation valve defining a valve bore and including a valve slide positioned in the valve bore that controls inflow and outflow of pressure medium, and first and second feedback springs configured to exert feedback force on the valve slide in first and second displacement directions dependent on a position of the adjustment piston. The device further includes a regulation spring configured to exert a force on the valve slide in a second displacement direction. During an adjustment of the adjustment piston in a direction of maximum swept volume of the piston machine, beyond a particular position of the adjustment piston, the first and second feedback springs exert an increased force on the valve slide determined only by a spring constant of the first feedback spring.

Abstract: A cryopump pumps gas from a vacuum chamber in a vacuum apparatus performing vacuum processing. The cryopump comprises: a refrigerator; a cryopanel cooled by the refrigerator; and a controller configured to control an operating cycle of the refrigerator such that the cryopanel is controlled so as to have a target temperature. When an operating cycle of the refrigerator has reached a first determination reference, the controller monitors the operating cycle for a first determination period of time, and when the operating cycle has reached a second determination reference, which corresponds to a higher load than the first determination reference, the controller monitors a temperature of the cryopanel for a second determination period of time, which is shorter the first determination period of time.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments of diaphragm pumps having an automatic priming function, as well as related systems and methods, are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method of priming a diaphragm pump includes sensing, with a pressure sensor disposed at a fluid outlet of the diaphragm pump, a pressure of a fluid being pumped by the diaphragm pump, transmitting a pressure signal associated with the sensed pressure from the pressure sensor to a controller of the diaphragm pump, and identifying, on the controller, whether the diaphragm pump is primed by determining whether a characteristic of the pressure signal has reached a threshold.

Abstract: A pump for conveying a liquid, having a pump housing that has at least one inlet and at least one outlet, an eccentric element being rotatably arranged in said pump housing and surrounded by a deformable membrane, the deformable membrane and pump housing delimiting at least one conveyor path from the at least one inlet to the at least one outlet and forming at least one seal for the conveyor path, and the seal being able to be displaced along the conveyor path by a movement of the eccentric element. Between the eccentric element and the deformable membrane, a spring layer is arranged by the eccentric element and deformable membrane are tensioned relative to one another.

Abstract: A metering pump aggregate has a metering chamber (16), adjoined by a positive-displacement body (14) that can be moved by a positive-displacement drive (6), as well as a controller (26) for actuating the positive-displacement drive (6). The controller (26) is designed to actuate the positive-displacement drive (6) in such a way, at least for specific setpoint conveyed flows to be generated by the metering pump, that a stroke of the positive-displacement body (14) begins with a first, elevated stroke rate (n1), and is subsequently continued at a second, lower stroke rate (n2). A method for controlling such a metering pump aggregate is also provided.

Abstract: A relief valve assembly is provided for use in connection with high pressure and ultrahigh pressure pumps. The relief valve assembly includes a valve pin having an engagement portion with a tapered surface and a valve seat having a valve pin receiving aperture defining a tapered surface on the valve seat to sealingly mate with the engagement portion of the valve pin when the valve pin is seated against the valve seat in a seated configuration. The valve seat further includes at least one bypass passage that extends from the valve pin receiving aperture to an exterior surface of the valve seat such that when the valve pin is displaced away from the seated configuration fluid can pass through the bypass passage and an annular space created between the engagement portion of the valve pin and the valve seat. Systems incorporating the relief valve assembly are also provided.

Abstract: A hybrid or battery type working machine including a hydraulic pump, an electric motor, an electric storage device, and a control device which controls a pump absorption horsepower maximum value in accordance with an amount of electricity stored in the electric storage device. The control device reduces the pump absorption horsepower maximum value by dividing the pump absorption horsepower maximum value into a plurality of regions having different target flow rates, and reduces the pump absorption horsepower maximum value from an old pump absorption horsepower maximum value corresponding to the pump absorption horsepower maximum value which has not yet been reduced to a new pump absorption horsepower maximum value corresponding to the pump absorption horsepower maximum value which has been reduced, so that temporal differences among the regions can increase in a descending order of a target flow rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a volute pump and particularly provides a volute pump for delivering a liquid containing fibrous substances and solid substances, while preventing these substances from obstructing the pump. The volute pump includes a pump casing (10) having a protrusion (14) projecting into a flow passage (11) and separating a starting end of a volute from a terminal end of a volute. The protrusion (14) faces a liquid outlet (23) of an impeller (20). A radius of curvature (Rb) of a cross section of a distal edge of the protrusion (14) at its one side end (14b) is larger than a radius of curvature (Ra) of the cross section of the distal edge of the protrusion (14) at other side end (14a). The other side end (14a) faces a main plate (20a), while the one side end (14b) is located opposite to the main plate (20a).

Abstract: An inner-plate cam ring side recess portion is formed in a cam ring side end surface of an inner plate, communicates with a columnar groove which is a center side space in vane grooves, and supplies a working fluid to the columnar groove. The inner-plate cam ring side recess portion is divided into multiple sections between a first side discharge port, through which the working fluid is discharged at a first discharge pressure from a pump chamber, and a second side suction port through which the working fluid is suctioned into a pump chamber discharging the working fluid at a second discharge pressure. The size of a separation portion in a rotation direction is larger than that of the columnar groove of the vane groove in the rotation direction.

Abstract: A conical member for a pump head of a liquid ring pump, the conical member including a body, the body defining a first body opening on a first end positioned to abut a first pump opening, a second body opening on the first end positioned to abut a second pump opening, and a port. The conical member further includes a radially outer lip arranged about the first end and positioned to abut a pump aperture. A sealing liquid introduction path is arranged to introduce sealing liquid to a working chamber, the sealing liquid introduction path arranged at least partially between the second body opening and an outlet, and a gas vent passage is arranged to vent gas from the working chamber, the gas vent passage arranged at least partially between the port and the first body opening.

Abstract: A torque transfer system for centrifugal pumps. A torque transfer system for a centrifugal pump includes a bearing sleeve above an impeller, the bearing sleeve and a hub of the impeller surrounding a rotatable shaft and coupled to the rotatable shaft by a key, the bearing sleeve having a stepped bottom edge, a top edge of the hub stepped inversely to the bottom edge of the bearing sleeve such that the top edge and the bottom edge interlock with a clearance between longitudinally extending portions of the interlocked edges, wherein upon reduction of torque transference between the key and the sleeve, the clearance closes such that the longitudinally extending portion of the stepped top edge contacts the longitudinally extending portion of the stepped bottom edge thereby maintaining rotation of the sleeve with the rotatable shaft. A centrifugal pump includes modules with a series of stepped, interlocked impellers.

Abstract: A submersible, water circulation system for enclosed tanks such as used by municipalities, fire districts, and industries. The system includes a driving unit having a shell extending along an axis with a pump supported within the shell. The shell has at least one inlet and at least one outlet and is positionable on the floor of the tank with the outlet facing upwardly. The upwardly facing outlet is preferably a thin, upwardly facing, elongated slot and creates a thin, substantially planar discharge of water therethrough that is directed upwardly toward the surface of the body of water. The substantially planar discharge presents a very large surface area for its volume and induces water adjacent the outside of the shell of the driving unit to move upwardly with it toward the surface of the body of water.

Abstract: A cross-flow fan includes a shaft, a plurality of impellers, and a regulation portion. Each impeller has: an opening into which the shaft is inserted; fitting portions provided at a first end portion and a second end portion in an axial direction of the shaft such that the fitting portions at the first end portion and the fitting portions at the second end portion are fittable into each other; and a blade portion provided between the first end portion and the second end portion. The regulation portion is configured to regulate movement, in the axial direction, of each of the plurality of impellers connected in the axial direction by the shaft being inserted into the opening and the fitting portions being provided, the regulation portion regulating the movement of each impeller on both ends, in the axial direction, of the plurality of impellers. Thus, assembling process is simplified.

Abstract: A casing includes a first plate made of a metal, a support made of a resin, and a second plate fixed to the support. The first plate includes a flat plate portion, a through hole passing through the flat plate portion, and a claw portion extending upward from an edge of the through hole. A portion of the support is located in the through hole. The support covers a portion of the claw portion such that the support is prevented from turning and from coming off in an upward direction. The claw portion is defined by a portion of the first plate extending along a longest line segment inside the through hole in a plan view being bent upward from the flat plate portion. This enables the claw portion to have a great length even in a small area of the first plate to securely fix the support to the first plate.