Abstract: A refrigerator includes a compressor. The refrigerator further includes a condenser. The refrigerator further includes a refrigerating chamber evaporator. The refrigerator further includes a freezing chamber evaporator. The refrigerator further includes a first capillary that is configured to reduce refrigerant pressure. The refrigerator further includes a second capillary that is configured to reduce refrigerant pressure. The refrigerator further includes a third capillary that is configured to reduce refrigerant pressure. The refrigerator further includes a 4-way valve that includes an inlet that is connected to the condenser, a first outlet that is connected to the first capillary, a second outlet that is connected to the second capillary, and a third outlet that is connected to the third capillary, and that is configured to selectively distribute refrigerant to at least one of the first capillary, the second capillary, or the third capillary.

Abstract: A refrigerator door and a manufacturing method of the same are disclosed. The refrigerator door includes a front panel that includes a first through hole and an input unit, a door liner, an upper cap decoration unit configured to seal an upper side of a first space defined between the front panel and the door liner, a frame attached to an inside of the front panel and defining a second space, a display assembly provided between the frame and the front panel and configured to emit light through the first through hole, and a touch sensor assembly provided between the frame and the front panel, the touch sensor assembly being fixed to a rear of the front panel at a position that corresponds to a location of the input unit. The upper cap decoration unit includes a communication hole for communicating with the second space and includes a cap cover.

Abstract: There is disclosed a refrigerator including an inner case that defines an exterior appearance of a storage space, with a communication hole formed therein, an outer case spaced apart a predetermined distance from the inner case, with a communication formed at a position corresponding to the communication hole of the inner case, a vacuum space provided between the inner case and the outer case, with being maintained vacuum, to insulate the inner case from the outer case, and a connection pipe passing through the vacuum space, to connect the communication hole of the inner case and the communication hole of the outer case with each other.

Abstract: A cooler with a modular light bar having multiple LEDs to illuminate an entire interior of the cooler is disclosed herein. The LEDs are preferably automatically activated by a switch positioned in the cooler. When the lid is in an open state, the switch completes a circuit from a battery to the LEDs of the modular light bar thereby allowing the LEDs to illuminate the entire interior chamber of the cooler.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a method for controlling a refrigerator, including a plurality of compressors and a plurality of evaporators disposed on inlet-sides of the plurality of compressors to supply cool air to a refrigerating compartment and a freezing compartment includes determining whether a temperature of the refrigerating compartment belongs to a refrigerating compartment satisfaction range, determining an indoor temperature when the temperature of the refrigerating compartment does not belong to the refrigerating compartment satisfaction range, and determining whether a load corresponding operation condition is satisfied when the determined indoor temperature belongs to a set range. When the load corresponding operation condition is satisfied, a simultaneous operation of the refrigerating compartment and the freezing compartment is performed, and when the load corresponding operation condition is not satisfied, a cooling operation of the refrigerating compartment is performed.

Abstract: Process for efficiently operating a natural gas liquefaction system with integrated heavies removal/natural gas liquids recovery to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) and/or natural gas liquids (NGL) products.

Abstract: A system and method for argon and nitrogen extraction and liquefaction from a low-pressure tail gas of an ammonia production plant is provided. The preferred tail gas of the ammonia production plant comprises methane, nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen. The disclosed system and method provides for the methane rejection via rectification and hydrogen rejection by way of a side stripper column or phase separator. The resulting nitrogen and argon containing stream is separated and liquefied in a double column distillation system.

Abstract: An argon reflux condensation system and method in which a plurality of once-through condensers are connected to an argon column of an air separation plant to condense argon-rich vapor streams for production of reflux to the argon column. Condensation of the argon-rich vapor streams is brought about through indirect heat exchange with crude liquid oxygen streams that partially vaporize and are introduced into a lower pressure column of the plant for further refinement. The flow rate of the crude liquid oxygen streams are sensed and controlled at locations in the air separation plant where the crude liquid oxygen is in a liquid state and in proportion to the size of the once-through heat exchangers. Prior to flowing into the once-through condensers, the partially vaporized crude oxygen stream enters a phase separator which separates the crude oxygen vapor from the crude liquid oxygen.

Abstract: A device for biomass beneficiation, in particular for the mechanical drying of plant biomass. The device has a press chamber, which can be supplied with biomass via a feed chute and can be emptied via a feedstock outlet. A pressure plate, which for compacting the biomass can be moved by a feed unit against the front wall of the press chamber, the wall lying opposite to the pressure plate, is disposed in the press chamber. In addition, the device has conveys away the liquid phase coming out of the biomass during the compaction. A first pivot bearing, relative to the direction of biomass movement, is provided on which the pressure plate is mounted with its first edge, and a second pivot bearing, on which the pressure plate is mounted with its second edge opposite the first edge, whereby at least the first pivot bearing is movable transverse to the plane of the pressure plate.

Abstract: A single-pass lumber kiln includes a main drying chamber, a heat source to provide heat to the main drying chamber, a pre-heating chamber connected to a receiving side of the main drying chamber, the pre-heating chamber having a moisture collector and a kiln entrance, a supplemental heat source to provide heat to the pre-heating chamber, a conditioning chamber connected to an exit of the main drying chamber, the conditioning chamber having a moisture delivery system and a kiln exit, wherein the pre-heating chamber, the main drying chamber and the conditioning chamber are positioned such that lumber entering the kiln travels in only one direction, partitions between the main drying chamber and the conditioning chamber, and between the main drying chamber and the pre-heating chamber, the partitions having controllable dampers, fans arranged adjacent the pre-heating chamber, the conditioning chamber, and the main drying chamber, wherein some of the fans are arranged between the pre-heating and main drying chambe

Abstract: A cooling element for a melting furnace includes at least one cooling pipe for passing through a coolant, and a support element to which the at least one cooling pipe is fastened. At least one cove plate is welded to the at least one cooling pipe. The at least one cooling pipe has at least one bead which extends in the longitudinal direction of the at least one cooling pipe and to which the at least one cover plate is welded.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes a shell which defines a passageway extending from a first end to a second end of the shell, a resilient tubesheet having an outer peripheral surface in sealing engagement with an inner peripheral surface of said shell proximate the first end of the shell, the resilient tubesheet supporting a plurality of tubes which extend within the passageway toward the second end, a cap which closes the first end of the shell in a manner in which a space exists between the cap and the resilient tubesheet, and a seal which seals a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the shell between the resilient tubesheet and the first end from the space between the cap and the resilient tubesheet.

Abstract: A method is provided for heating an electrically conductive fluid, including steps of: (i) circulating the fluid in a circuit from an inlet to an outlet, through an inlet path of the circuit in which the fluid flows in a first average direction and an outlet path of the circuit in which the fluid flows in a second average direction substantially opposite to the first direction; (ii) subjecting the fluid to a specific ohmic heating while the fluid flows through the outlet path; and (iii) transferring heat from the fluid flowing through the outlet path to the fluid flowing through the inlet path by thermal conduction through an at least partially first electrically insulated partition wall. An associated heating device is also provided.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly includes a base block having a straight mounting groove on the middle and two U-shaped mounting grooves at two opposite lateral sides, cooling fins installed in the top wall of the base block, each cooling fin having multiple tight-fit mounting holes, a U-shaped heat pipe having a lower segment peripherally press-fitted into the straight mounting groove in flush with the bottom wall of the base block and an upper segment tightly inserted into one respective tight-fit mounting hole of each cooling fin, and two symmetrical, curved heat pipes with respective U-shaped lower segments thereof respectively and peripherally press-fitted into the U-shaped mounting grooves in flush with the bottom wall of the base block and respective upper segments thereof tightly inserted into respective tight-fit mounting holes of each cooling fin. Thus, heat can be drawn upwards from a heat source and evenly distributed through the cooling fins.

Abstract: A heat pipe structure includes a main body. The main body has a first board body, a second board body, a capillary structure and a working fluid. The first and second board bodies are overlapped and mated with each other to hold the capillary structure. The capillary structure is formed with at least one passage. One of the first and second board bodies is formed with a protrusion section protruding toward the capillary structure. The protrusion section is attached to the capillary structure in adjacency to the passage. Accordingly, the heat pipe structure has an extremely thin thickness.

Abstract: A heat store for storing at least 100 MWh of thermal energy of a relatively warmer gas in a charging state and for giving off thermal energy to a relatively colder gas in a discharging state is provided. In the charging state, the heat store has at least one inflow surface, provided with inflow openings, for introducing the gas, and at least one outflow surface, provided with outflow openings, for discharging the gas after giving off heat to a granular heat storage medium, wherein the inflow surface is formed at least in certain portions into a channel which is surrounded, in particular completely, by the outflow surface, and wherein an intermediate space in which the granular heat storage medium is arranged is defined between the inflow surface and the outflow surface.

Abstract: Provided are regenerative rotary preheater having flue gas flow passage through which passed is flue gas from oxyfuel combustion boiler, primary-combustion-support-fluid flow passage adjacent to the flue gas flow passage and through which passed is primary combustion support fluid with pressure higher than that of the flue gas, secondary-combustion-support-fluid flow passage adjacent to the flue gas flow passage and through which passed is secondary combustion support fluid with pressure higher than that of the flue gas and oxygen flow passage between the primary- and secondary-combustion-support-fluid flow passages and through which oxygen is passed, and an oxygen mixing section mixing the fluid preheated through the secondary-combustion-support passage with oxygen preheated through the oxygen flow passage and supplies the mixture to the oxyfuel combustion boiler.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fin (1) for a heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger having the fin (1). The fin (1) comprises a fin body (10) in a waveform structure formed by boards, wherein the fin body (10) has two first side surfaces (11) which are opposite one another in a first direction, two second side surfaces (12) which are opposite one another in a second direction, and wave crests and wave troughs, which are on the second side surfaces (12); and the first direction and the second direction intersect. The fin body (10) comprises: a first concave portion (13), wherein the first concave portion (13) is formed in the fin body (10), and is located on the two first side surfaces (11) of the fin body (10). The fin (1) and the heat exchanger are manufactured more simply. Since the connection portions between the wave crests and wave troughs of the fin (1) are approximately perpendicular to a heat exchange tube (2), the condensed water is more easily discharged.

Abstract: Provided are rectangular plate-like fins 2 layered at intervals; and flat tubes 3 which are perpendicularly extended through the layered plate-like fins 2 and are provided on multiple levels along a longitudinal direction of the plate-like fins 2. The plate-like fins 2 are provided with at least one heat transfer promoting section 6 that is positioned in a region between adjacently-positioned flat tubes 3 and in which ridge sections 4 and valley sections 5 having ridgelines extending in the longitudinal direction of the plate-like fins 2 are arranged to alternate. En the heat transfer promoting section 6, at least one slit 7 allowing communication between a front and a back of the plate-like fin 2 is formed on a downwind side of the ridge sections 4.

Abstract: An extruded fin pack assembly is provided which is positioned within an appliance cabinet. In the embodiments, the fin pack includes a plurality of fins which are mounted in a substantially vertical plane and create flowpaths for air flow currents therethrough. A cover is provided to attach to the fins and hide the fins from view when the cabinet of the refrigerator or freezer is open. The cover also increases efficiency of the flowpaths between the fins thereby increasing convection heat transfer and increasing removal of heat from within the cabinet.

Abstract: A cooling module for cooling substrates, in particular solar cells having a paste printed thereon after passing through a heating module is described. The cooling module comprises an elongated cooling chamber having an inlet opening, which is adjacent to a heating module, and an outlet opening, as well as a transport unit for transporting substrates through the elongated cooling chamber, wherein the transport unit defines a transport plane for the substrates. At least one first cooling unit is provided. The cooling unit has a plurality of first plate elements, which are arranged in substance perpendicular to and above the transport plane in the cooling chamber, at least one first conduit which extends through the first plate elements and is in a thermally conducting relationship therewith, and at least one conveying unit for conveying a cooling fluid through the first conduit.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for mounting a heat exchanger comprises an elongate member defining a screw threaded axial bore at each end, and a bolt for each screw threaded bore. The assembly further comprises two elastomeric parts each being substantially top hat shaped and defining an axial bore to receive one end of the elongate member, such that the assembly can be mounted between two apertured mounting parts by arranging the heat exchanger between the mounting parts, with the elongate member received in a bore through the heat exchanger, and tightening the bolts so that the mounting part is clamped between the end of the elongate member and the bolt head, with the elastomeric parts mounting the mounting assembly in the heat exchanger bore so that resilient compression of the elastomeric parts allows movement of the heat exchanger with respect to the elastomeric parts.

Abstract: A tube-to-header sealing system for a heat exchanger comprises a pair of mating header plates, each header plate having a wall with a plurality of openings therein and including a continuous depression along the circumference of each header plate opening which forms one-half of an O-ring groove. Each of a plurality of O-rings is positioned in each O-ring groove and the header plates are secured together such that the header plate plurality of openings are aligned and trap each of the plurality of O-rings in O-ring grooves. A plurality of spaced-apart tubes each having a tube end secured in an opening in the wall of the header to form a tube-to-header joint are expanded outwardly to provide sufficient O-ring deformation to obtain a seal. In service, the resiliency of the O-ring seal allows for expansion and contraction of the tubes without the build-up of high stresses at the tube-to-header joint.

Abstract: A heat conducting module includes a main body. The main body includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is thermally connected to a heat absorbing body. The second surface is opposite to the first surface and is fluidly connected to a channel. The second surface has a plurality of grooves disposed along a direction. The channel allows a fluid to flow a long the direction. Each of the grooves includes a first sub-groove and at least one second sub-groove. The first sub-groove at least has a third surface close to the first surface. The first sub-groove at least partially communicates with the second sub-groove, and the second sub-groove is at least partially fluidly connected with the third surface.

Abstract: A cleaning system for use with a heat exchanger and a fluid pressurizing assembly includes a wand assembly, a pivot assembly, and a movement mechanism having a body and a piston rod moveable relative the body in response to fluid pressurization. The wand assembly includes a wand in fluid communication with the fluid pressurizing assembly, and having a first orifice configured to eject fluid toward the heat exchanger. The wand is supported by the pivot assembly such that the wand is selectively pivotable about a first pivot axis. The movement mechanism connects to the pivot assembly at a second pivot axis offset from the first pivot axis such that selective movement of the piston rod produces pivotal movement of the wand about the first pivot axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel recoil inversion assemblies, which reduce recoil generated by blowback of the propellant gases, as well as their use in propellant-based projectile weapons. Such novel weapons afford reduced recoil, muzzle flip, and muzzle climb, and therefore exhibit improved manageability as compared with current related weapons, particularly when utilizing high powered ammunition. In particular, the recoil inversion assemblies of the present invention further comprise novel delayed-blowback assemblies affording utility with larger caliber ammunition.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, systems, and methods for constructing, installing, and using a compression follower in a tubular firearm magazine. In particular, the compression follower resides inside a shotgun magazine and replaces the standard follower. The compression follower has a compressible tail, thereby providing the capacity of a standard follower and increased reliability by aligning the follower and a magazine spring.

Abstract: Drum magazines have a housing defining an ammunition passage having an outlet, a first spring mechanism adapted to bias ammunition in the passage toward the outlet, and a follower element in the passage, the follower element including a second spring mechanism adapted to generate a biasing force against a passage surface portion, such that the follower resists movement within the passage in the absence of a deliberately applied force. The magazine may be a drum magazine, and the passage may have a spiral shape. The first spring mechanism may include a control adapted to selectably change the first spring mechanism from a biasing condition in which force is applied to the follower element for motivating ammunition toward the outlet, and a loading condition in which the first spring mechanism is restrained to facilitate loading of the magazine in the absence of a biasing force.

Abstract: A suppressor adapter attachable to firearms of various sizes and shapes. The adapter includes an anchor securable to a smooth section of a barrel, preferably proximally with respect to any obstructions located near the muzzle end of the barrel, and a housing configured to engage the anchor. The housing has a size and/or shape that reaches over and/or around various obstructions, protrusions and geometries near the muzzle end of the barrel. The device further includes an alignment surface intended to receive the muzzle of the firearm and guide the muzzle into longitudinal and concentric alignment with a suppressor secured to a distal end of the housing.

Abstract: A muzzle adapter for a firearm has an adapter element defining an adapter bore centered on an adapter bore axis, a portion of the adapter bore being internally threaded to removably mate with the threaded muzzle, the adapter element having a tapered exterior surface portion, the adapter element having an externally threaded portion, a muzzle device defining a device bore and having a tapered internal bore portion adapted to be closely received on the tapered exterior surface portion of the adapter element, a collar element internally threaded to mate with the externally threaded portion of the adapter element, and the collar element being axially engaged to the muzzle device and rotatably independent of the muzzle device, such that rotation of the collar draws the muzzle device onto the adapter element and wedges the tapered portion of the adapter element into the tapered internal bore portion of the muzzle device.

Abstract: Firearms with bolt mechanisms, ambidextrous functionality, and/or isolated receivers are disclosed herein. A multi-caliber ambidextrous firearm can have a receiver and a bolt mechanism with a bolt that seats against one or more load bearing surfaces of the receiver. The load bearing surfaces can be configured to maintain proper contact before, during, and/or after a firing event. A bolt head of the bolt mechanism can be replaced to use the bolt mechanism with different cartridges.

Abstract: An archery bow riser for an archery bow is disclosed. The archery riser, in an embodiment, includes a first section, a frame connected to the first section and a second section connected to the frame. The frame defines a cavity or inner space, and the frame is configured to reduce deformation of at least part of the archery bow riser.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an archery bow comprises a riser and first and second limbs. The first limb supports a first rotatable member, which is arranged to rotate about a first axis. The first rotatable member comprises a bowstring track and a cable track. The second limb supports a second rotatable member, which is arranged to rotate about a second axis. The second rotatable member comprises a bowstring track. A bowstring comprises a first wrapping portion, an intermediate portion and a second wrapping portion. A power cable is arranged to contact the cable track in at least the drawn condition. A separation between the first axis and the second axis in the brace condition is at least 27 inches. A length of the first wrapping portion is at least 52% of a length of the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A torque control system for cocking a crossbow. A cocking mechanism includes a rotating member mounted to the center rail and coupled to a flexible tension member attached to a string carrier. A cocking handle is configured to engage with the rotating member to cock the crossbow. A torque control mechanism limits output torque applied to the rotating member such that rotating the cocking handle after the string carrier is in the retracted position does not move the draw string past the drawn configuration.

Abstract: An electromagnetic launcher with a curved or spiral-shaped, open-ended guideway and conductors for launching a projectile. The projectile, movably retained on or within the guideway, is accelerated along the guideway using electromagnetic forces until it reaches an end of the guideway, then the projectile is launched in a desired direction. The direction of the launch of the projectile is determined by orienting the guideway in the desired direction using an actuator.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a portable wireless electroshock device. The portable wireless electroshock device includes (A) a fluid reservoir containing a conductive fluid and (B) a pump in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and a terminal having an orifice. The orifice is operable to emit a fluid stream trajectory of the conductive fluid there-through, and the terminal is operable to deliver an electrical current through the fluid stream trajectory.

Abstract: The application is directed to a mobile firearm concealment system including a housing for concealing a corresponding firearm therein. The housing may include an outer appearance, shape and size of a mobile electronic device. The housing may also include an inner surface operationally configured to hold the firearm in a concealed position within the housing and to also direct the firearm to a non-concealed position. The housing and firearm may also cooperate in a manner effective to dictate the non-concealed position of the firearm.

Abstract: A grip for a rifle is configured and adapted to be mounted to the handguard of the rifle and is only one of left or right handed. The grip is adapted and configured such that, when operating the rifle and holding the grip, a person's palm will extend adjacent one of the opposite sides of the rifle with the grip therebetween and the person's fingers will extend across and below the bottom of the rifle with the grip therebetween.

Abstract: A tool used in fitting a shotgun to a user can be a block and an elongated cross shaped portion extending therefrom. The block has a back side and has a front side from which the cross shaped portion extends at a substantially right angle. The cross shaped portion divides an aligning portion of the flat surface into four regions wherein each of the four regions has an identifying attribute. All the identifying attributes are only seen when viewed from a position aligned longitudinally with the elongated cross shaped portion.

Abstract: A scope protector is provided that includes a front and rear hinged arch for encircling the scope. The hinged arches are connected by a plurality of protector rods. The scope protector can be attached to a gun rail such as a PICATINNY RAIL commonly found on modern firearms.

Abstract: A fire-control device for a small arm includes an inertial sensor unit for six degrees of freedom, a distance sensor for determining a distance to a target sighted via a sight, and a computation device for determining a target orientation of the small arm from the distance so as to be able to hit the target, the computation device being set up to detect a change in position of the small arm by way of the inertial sensor unit and to correct the target orientation using data from the inertial sensor unit.

Abstract: A method of conducting a strike against a target using a designator and a missile. The following steps are conducted: (i) the designator designates the target using a first signal, such as a laser; (ii) the missile detects the laser reflected off the target; (iii) after detecting the reflected laser, the missile emits a second signal, such as a LADAR signal, to designate the target; (iv) the missile tracks the so-designated target; (v) the designator detects the LADAR signal reflected off the target; and (vi) in response to detecting the reflected LADAR signal, the designator stops the designation of the target. This may enable the designator to perform other tasks, while the missile tracks and engages the target.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a ballistic armor, includes at least the steps of aligning armor elements in front of a casing provider arrangement, and supplying a casing around the armor elements such that the armor elements remain inside the casing. Further, the method for inserting armor elements to a casing structure, includes at least the steps of manufacturing a casing, and inserting armor elements in the cavities of the casing. Further, a ballistic armor including a number of armor elements capsuled in a casing, and a casing forming a number of longitudinal cavities for the armor elements are also described.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosed subject matter involve an airborne-based network for implementing a laser-based visual disruption countermeasure scan pattern system, method, and computer program product. The scan pattern can be comprised of a plurality of lasers each with their own scan pattern and may be used to disrupt an optical system of a weapon or an individual. One vehicle in the network can transmit target information and/or scan information to one or more other vehicles or to a non-vehicle remote location in the network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in facilitating force-on-force (FOF) training. Specifically, an impact marking vest (IMV) for use in registering a ballistic impact event upon a three-dimensional target surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a shooting range which is movable or transportable so as to enable it to be operated at different locations as desired. The shooting range disclosed comprises of at least one open ended tubular element, a target assembly comprising at least one target and is placed at a rear end of the tubular element. The shooting range comprises of a wall means placed behind the target for resisting penetration by projectiles and to inhibit rebounding of projectiles there from. The shooting range comprises of a plurality of supporting frames for holding the open ended tubular element and wall means and further comprises a tray at the bottom of the wall means for collecting the residues.

Abstract: A ballistic resistant curtain system is provided formed of a plurality of aligned ballistic material panels. Panels protect vertical surfaces, and can be reconfigured for horizontal surfaces or other oriented areas. Adjacent panels may be are aligned end to end in a butt or overlap manner, or configured to be angularly disposed toward the direction of fire such as to form a line of sight overlap. Each panel is formed of high strength fibers made from materials such as extended chain ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. An exterior coating formed of fabric, polyurethane, or other material provides both an acoustic attenuation or sound absorbing surface as well as an aesthetic facing for providing an improved visual appearance to the area. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A broadhead, comprising an elongated body defining a longitudinal axis and having a forward portion, a tip portion, and a rearward portion spaced from the forward portion. At least one forward blade is connected to the forward portion and configured for movement relative to the elongated body between a retracted position generally adjacent the elongated body to an extended position extending outwardly from the elongated body. And, at least one rearward blade connected to the rearward portion and configured for movement relative to the elongated body between a retracted position generally adjacent the elongated body to an extended position extending outwardly from the elongated body.

Abstract: A round for a magnetically chambered air gun has a magnetically influenced portion and a non-magnetically responsive portion, as well as an exterior shell and an interior. The interior may be hollow, solid, or filled with liquid. Any part of the invention may be the magnetically responsive portion: the shell, the interior, the solid or liquid core and so on. The round may advantageously be spherical, and may include an actual magnet itself as opposed to merely being magnetically responsive. Magnetic materials may be impregnated into a non-magnetic portion such as a plastic shell. The shell may be of multiple part construction with a snap together design.

Abstract: A firearm malfunction training device and method include a blank malfunction round that simulates a T3 malfunction and allows a realistic clearing protocol during the training. The malfunction round size and shape generally mimic the corresponding live round, so that malfunction round moves like the live round through the magazine. However, the malfunction round has a front end/portion that is oversized in diameter and does not fit properly or fully through the firearm breech, to jam the firearm loading mechanism at the breech. Preferably, the malfunction round also has a conical rear region radially-undersized relative to the live round casing, whereby the malfunction round leaves the magazine when the magazine is stripped from the firearm to start the clearing protocol. The enlarged front end and undersized rear region effectively simulate, and provide a realistic protocol for identifying, clearing and, correcting, a T3 malfunction.