Abstract: In an approach for estimating solar array power generation for an installation of a solar array, a processor determines a location of an installation of a solar array. A processor determines, over a course of a specified time interval, a path of traversal of a source of energy relative to the location of the installation of the solar array. A processor scans an area surrounding the solar array. A processor estimates, based, at least in part, on the path of traversal of the source of energy and the area surrounding the solar array, an amount of power to be generated by the solar array.

Abstract: A system and method for testing an antenna feed to be incorporated into an operational antenna is disclosed. The system and method uses a scaled reflector with the antenna feed to permit testing that correlates well with a full sized reflector, yet permits testing in a quiet zone of a compact antenna test range. Embodiments are also disclosed for offset feed designs.

Abstract: A rectifier diode failure detection apparatus for an electrical machine (10), the electrical machine (10) comprising an exciter armature winding (28a-c), a rotor main field winding (24) and first and second rectifiers (34a, 34b) arranged in parallel, each rectifier (34a, 34b) comprising at least first and second diodes (38a, 38b), each rectifier being configured to independently supply the rotor main field winding (24) with DC electrical current, the failure detection apparatus comprising: a controller (40) comprising at least two current sensors (42a, 42b), each current sensor (42a, 42b) being configured to measure output current (If1, If2) of a respective one of the rectifiers (34a, 34b), and the controller (40) being configured to determine a harmonic of the measured rectifier output currents; the controller (40) being further configured to determine a ratio of the magnitude of the first rectifier (34a) output current harmonic to the magnitude of the second rectifier (34b) output current harmonic, wherein

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detection circuit and a method for detecting an abnormal interface coupling. The detection circuit includes: a power circuit; a first USB interface, including a first power wire and a first signal wire, in which a power end of the first power wire is coupled to the power circuit; a second USB interface, including a second power wire and a second signal wire, in which the second USB interface is coupled with the first USB interface, such that the second signal wire is coupled with the first signal wire; and a controller, configured to acquire a voltage difference between a voltage of the first power wire and a voltage of the second power wire, and to determine whether the interface coupling is abnormal according to the voltage difference.

Abstract: A system and method for improving production yield of an article with cloud based processing by storing process information in cloud; transferring functional results to cloud, with functional results having identifying information of articles that have failed a functional test and identifying information of articles that have passed functional test; generating a probable cause list from process information in cloud, wherein probable cause list is a shortlisted version of said process information in said cloud; and generating a root cause list from probable cause list in cloud, wherein root cause list comprises process information responsible for failure in failed articles, whereby root causes of failures are analytically determined with processing power, memory, and storage that are scalable, reliable, and upgradable on demand.

Abstract: A directional pulse injection system and method are described for injecting a pulse into a microelectronic system for electrostatic test. One example has a transformer coupled to a pulse source through a transmission line and to a conductive trace of a test board to apply the electrical pulse to the trace as a test pulse. The test board is connected to a microelectronic device under test. This example also has a cancellation pulse transmission line coupled to the pulse source and a cancellation pulse contact coupled to the pulse source through the cancellation pulse transmission line and to the trace on a side of the trace opposite the transformer to receive a cancellation signal from the pulse source and to couple the cancellation signal to the trace to cancel a portion of the test pulse.

Abstract: A test structure includes a dedicated addressing circuit that allows large numbers of test devices to be tested simultaneously and the measurement signals read out serially for different test devices. The test structure may be configured for wafer, die or package-level testing. The test structure may be integrated on a common die with the test devices in a single package, provided on separate die in a common package, separately packaged chips or in the form of a collection of standard die configured as the test structure. If on separate die, the test and addressing circuitry is fabricated from a more mature fabrication process than that being characterized for the devices under test. The processes being characterized may be unqualified whereas the test circuitry may be fabricated with different and more mature or qualified processes.

Abstract: A probe card includes a circuit substrate to transmit an electrical signal for testing a semiconductor device, a probe block on a lower surface of the circuit substrate, the probe block having a plurality of probes, and a thermal insulation cover assembly on an upper surface of the circuit substrate, the thermal insulation cover assembly covering at least a portion of the circuit substrate and defining a heat receiving space, the thermal insulation cover assembly retaining heat applied to the circuit substrate within the heat receiving space.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for testing electronic devices. In some embodiments, a fixture for testing an electronic device can include a support frame including a base and a pair of side supports implemented on respective sides of the base, with at least one of the side supports including a plurality of features for mounting of a test hardware, and the base being configured to support a first test board. The fixture can further include an upper support positioned above the support frame and configured to support a second test board. The fixture can further include a suspension mechanism implemented to couple the upper support to the side supports such that the upper support is movable relative to the support frame to accommodate a misalignment between the upper support and the base.

Abstract: A testbench for testing a device under test (DUT), wherein the testbench has a verification environment including a reference model, a scoreboard and a customized agent for each interface that the DUT needs to receive input from and/or transmit output on. The testbench system is able to be generated by a testbench builder that automatically creates a scoreboard, a reference model, a dispatcher and generic agents including generic drivers, loopback ports, sequencers and/or generic monitors for each interface and then automatically customize the generic agents based on their corresponding interface such that the agents meet the requirements of the interface for the DUT.

Abstract: A method and associated systems for using direct sums and invariance groups to optimize the testing of partially symmetric quantum-logic circuits is disclosed. A test system receives information that describes the architecture of a quantum-logic circuit to be tested. The system uses this information to organize the circuit's inputs into two or more mutually exclusive subsets of inputs. The system computes a direct sum of a set of groups associated with the subsets in order to generate an invariance group that contains one or more invariant permutations of the circuit's inputs. These invariant permutations can be used to reduce the number of tests required to fully verify the circuit for all possible input vectors. Once one specific input vector has been verified, there is no need to test other vectors that can be generated by performing any one of the invariant permutations upon the previously verified vector.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a novel method and apparatuses for allowing a controller to select and access different types of access ports in a device. The selecting and accessing of the access ports is achieved using only the dedicated TDI, TMS, TCK, and TDO signal terminals of the device. The selecting and accessing of device access ports can be achieved when a single device is connected to the controller, when multiple devices are placed in a daisy-chain arrangement and connected to the controller, or when multiple devices are placed in a addressable parallel arrangement and connected to the controller. Additional embodiments are also provided and described in the disclosure.

Abstract: Integrated circuit packages with multiple integrated circuit dies are provided. A multichip package may include a master die that is coupled to one or more slave dies via inter-die package interconnects. A mixed (i.e., active and passive) interconnect redundancy scheme may be implemented to help repair potentially faulty interconnects to improve assembly yield. Interconnects that carry normal user signals may be repaired using an active redundancy scheme by selectively switching into use a spare driver block when necessary. On the other hand, interconnects that carry power-on-reset signals, initialization signals, and other critical control signals for synchronizing the operation between the master and slave dies may be supported using a passive redundancy scheme by using two or more duplicate wires for each critical signal.

Abstract: A battery state detection device includes a casing (8) and a lid part (24). The casing (8) includes a board storage space (23) that stores a circuit board. The casing (8) includes an open mouth through which one side of the board storage space (23) is opened. The lid part (24) closes the open mouth of the casing (8). The lid part (24) is provided with a tapered surface (77). The casing (8) is provided with a contact portion (78) that can be in contact with the tapered surface (77). In a state where the tapered surface (77) and the contact portion (78) are in contact with each other, ultrasonic welding between the casing (8) and the lid part (24) is performed.

Abstract: In view of drivers cannot equip their vehicles with conventional intelligent battery monitoring system by themselves because the wire connections of the intelligent battery monitoring system are complex, the present invention particularly discloses a non-contact intelligent battery sensing system showing the advantages of simple circuit framework and low manufacturing cost. Since the non-contact intelligent battery sensing system only comprises a magnetic field sensor and a sensor controlling module, it is very easy for the drivers to equip their vehicles with this non-contact intelligent battery sensing system by themselves. To apply the non-contact intelligent battery sensing system, the driver just needs to firstly dispose the magnetic field sensor at one position near to a power line of a battery to be sensed, and then install a sensor controlling application program in his smart phones. Apparently, the non-contact intelligent battery sensing system further shows the advantage of easy to be installed.

Abstract: A latch assembly comprising: a latch operative to adopt a latched condition and an unlatched condition; a magnet imparting a magnetic field; a sensor adapted to sense the magnetic field; the latch, magnet and sensor being configured such that a change in the condition of the latch effects a variance in the magnetic field sensed by the sensor such that the sensor is able to distinguish between the latched condition and the unlatched condition.

Abstract: In general, techniques of this disclosure are directed to a sensor for measuring an external magnetic field. The sensor an optical cavity, a laser medium which together with the optical cavity has a laser threshold, a laser pump, and a radio-frequency (RF) drive applied to the laser medium, such that the laser threshold varies with a change in the external magnetic field. The RF drive may be applied to the laser medium at or around a particular resonance frequency which varies depending on the external magnetic field, such that depending on the value of the external magnetic field, the RF drive induces transitions between at least two states of the laser medium, each state causing a different laser threshold in an intensity of a laser output. Further, the intensity of the laser output may provide a measurement of the value of the external magnetic field.

Abstract: An underwater EM measurement system, which is substantially smaller, much simpler to use, and more robust than prior systems, is formed as a sensor package integrated into a single pressure vessel includes two magnetic sensors including induction coils disposed substantially horizontally so as to measure fields in orthogonal directions. The package also includes two electric field sensors including electric potential antennas adapted to couple to a water potential via a capacitive electrode having a conducting material and an electrically insulative layer formed of an insulating material. The capacitive electrode has a capacitance to the medium of greater than 1 mF. Preferably, the insulating material is a metal oxide.

Abstract: Some implementations provide a method for safe operation of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the method including: determining, at least in part by using a sensor device, location information that indicates a location of an MR-incompatible object relative to the MRI system, the MRI system generating a polarizing magnetic field for imaging a subject; based on the determined location information, determining, by a control unit associated with the MRI system, that the MR-incompatible object poses an operational hazard to the MRI system; and in response to determining that the MR-incompatible object poses an operational hazard to the MRI system, reducing, by the control unit, a strength of the polarizing magnetic field.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for driving a transmission coil arrangement with at least two individual transmission coils of a magnetic resonance system for supplying a radiofrequency signal for producing alternating electromagnetic fields over at least two channels, with in each case a digital section and an analog section, is provided. In the digital section, in an envelope generator, base frequency signals that respectively generate an envelope are provided. The circuit arrangement also includes an intermediate frequency oscillator that generates a common intermediate frequency, a frequency mixer per channel for mixing the common intermediate frequency into the base frequency signals, and in the analog sections of the channels, respectively, second frequency mixers that mix a common radiofrequency signal into each base frequency signal.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a first cooling loop containing a first cryogen, the first cooling loop being in thermal communication with a superconducting magnet and being configured to provide primary cooling for the magnet and a second cooling loop also containing the first cryogen. The second cooling loop is in thermal communication with an enclosure containing a second cryogen and is configured to cool the second cryogen within the enclosure. The enclosure is in thermal communication with the superconducting magnet and is configured to provide secondary cooling for the magnet.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for an apparatus and a method for measuring and characterizing geometric distortions for a region of interest in images obtained using magnetic resonance. The method comprises deriving a computed set of 3D distortion vectors for a set of points within a region of interest covered by a phantom by using harmonic analysis to solve an associated boundary value problem based on boundary conditions derived from a measured set of 3D distortion vectors. The characterized image distortions may be used for various purposes such as for image correction or for shimming, for example.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of sampling a test signal. The method comprises: acquiring training signals sampled at a plurality of sampling locations; running an optimization procedure for determining an index set of n indices, representing a subset of the sampling locations, that maximize a function, over the training signals, of a quality parameter representing how well a given training signal is represented by the n indices; and sampling the test signal at the sampling locations represented by the n indices.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to signal selection devices for reception antennas. The signal selection device includes a plurality of signal inputs for the reception of signals from the reception antennas via an interface arrangement, and a plurality of signal outputs for the output of altered signals from the reception antennas. The signal selection device is used for selecting/reducing received signals from the reception antennas and forwarding them to an image processing device. The signal selection device contains a plurality of A/D converter chips, a plurality of digital selection chips, and at least physical and/or logical portions of a control unit. The received signals from the reception antennas are fed into the plurality of A/D converter chips via a plurality of signal inputs, are converted into digital data streams, and are supplied to the digital selection chips via signal outputs of the A/D converter chips.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom includes an outer container that includes a first portion comprising a first wall; a second portion opposingly disposed to the first portion and sealingly engaged to the first portion, the second portion including a second wall; and an internal volume bounded by the first wall and the second wall, the internal volume being hollow and configured to receive a fluid; and a sample holder disposed in the internal volume of the outer container, wherein the MRI phantom is configured to maintain a constant temperature of the internal volume. A process for acquiring an MRI image includes providing an MRI; disposing a sample member in the sample holder; disposing a fluid in the MRI phantom; disposing the MRI phantom in an MRI device; achieving thermal equilibrium in the MRI phantom at a selected temperature; and subjecting the MRI phantom to MRI imaging at the selected temperature to acquire the MRI image of the sample.

Abstract: A tracking device broadcasts beacon signals that are separated in time by broadcast intervals. The tracking device determines the broadcast intervals based on a behavior model. The behavior model specifies one or more conditions, such as times of day within a 24-hour day, and associates a usage probability with each condition. A higher usage probability causes the tracking device to broadcast beacon signals at shorter broadcast intervals. A mobile device in communication with the tracking device can reconfigure the behavior model, either by modifying portions of the behavior model or by replacing the behavior model with a different behavior model. This allows the behavior model to adapt to different circumstances, such as different usage patterns during weekdays, weekends, and vacations.

Abstract: A tracking device broadcasts beacon signals that are separated in time by broadcast intervals. The tracking device determines the broadcast intervals based on a behavior model. The behavior model specifies one or more conditions, such as times of day within a 24-hour day, and associates a usage probability with each condition. A higher usage probability causes the tracking device to broadcast beacon signals at shorter broadcast intervals. A mobile device in communication with the tracking device can reconfigure the behavior model, either by modifying portions of the behavior model or by replacing the behavior model with a different behavior model. This allows the behavior model to adapt to different circumstances, such as different usage patterns during weekdays, weekends, and vacations.

Abstract: A system for correcting network planning data includes a planning repository containing information related to network traffic, network element locations and network element connectivity. The system further includes a repository that includes a plurality of call data records. In addition, the system includes an information processing system including a processor and a memory device coupled to the processor. The memory device contains a set of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to receive location data associated with a wireless network cell from a plurality of devices connected to the wireless network. The set of instructions further causes the processor to identify call data records associated with the received location data and to compare information in the received location data with corresponding information stored in the identified call data records to identify errors in the information stored in the planning repository.

Abstract: A first communication device receives a packet that includes scheduling information for a range measurement signal exchange session between a second communication device and a third communication device. The first communication device determines when the range measurement signal exchange session will occur using the scheduling information in the packet, and observes the range measurement signal exchange session. The first communication device performs an initial analysis of the range measurement packets by analyzing transmitter addresses in the range measurement packets to determine whether to further process the range measurement packets for range measurement purposes, and determines range measurements based on observing the one range measurement signal exchange session.

Abstract: Neighbor cell hearability can be improved by including an additional reference signal that can be detected at a low sensitivity and a low signal-to-noise ratio, by introducing non-unity frequency reuse for the signals used for a time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, e.g., orthogonality of signals transmitted from the serving cell sites and the various neighbor cell sites. The new reference signal, called the TDOA-RS, is proposed to improve the hearability of neighbor cells in a cellular network that deploys 3GPP EUTRAN (LTE) system, and the TDOA-RS can be transmitted in any resource blocks (RB) for PDSCH and/or MBSFN subframe, regardless of whether the latter is on a carrier supporting both PMCH and PDSCH or not. Besides the additional TDOA-RS reference signal, an additional synchronization signal (TDOA-sync) may also be included to improve the hearability of neighbor cells.

Abstract: A method is provided including receiving, by a user equipment connected to a serving cell of a wireless network, assistance data for performing measurements of positioning reference signals, wherein the assistance data comprises reference cell information for a reference cell, and neighbor cell information for one or more neighbor cells; in response to determining that the reference cell information comprises an indication that the user equipment is not to measure a positioning reference signal of the reference cell, selecting one of the neighbor cells as a new reference cell; and performing measurements of the positioning reference signals based on one or more of the remaining neighbor cells in the assistance data.

Abstract: A method. In one embodiment there is provided a method in which a direction from a sensor position to a noise source is determined. A coordinate rotation is applied to a first set of signal values, wherein each signal value of the first set of signal values is based on an output of a corresponding component of a three-component particle motion sensor at the sensor position. The applying generates a rotated set of signal values. The coordinate rotation comprises a coordinate rotation transforming a first set of coordinate axes to a second set of coordinate axes, wherein the first set of coordinate axes has each coordinate axis aligned with a corresponding component of the three-component particle motion sensor at the sensor position, and the second set of coordinate axes comprises a first axis pointed in a direction opposite the direction from the sensor position to the noise source.

Abstract: A symbiotic radar and communication system is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of base stations in communication with a wider communication network, each base station being configured to transmit and receive communication signals to and from a plurality of user terminals. The system performs communication data processing and radar data processing on received signals so that target object reflections contained therein can be resolved. Preferably, initial radar data processing is performed at each base station which embeds time and position information into the data and communicates it to a central radar server, the central server combining the received data from several of the base stations into a single range resolution profile.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes providing instructions to broadcast a modulated radar chirp signal from a radar antenna of a vehicle. The modulated chirp signal includes data associated with the vehicle. The method includes receiving a first return signal whose waveform substantially matches the modulated chirp signal. The first return signal is the modulated radar chirp signal after reflecting off of an object in an environment surrounding the vehicle. The method includes calculating a location for the object using the first return signal, receiving, from a base station antenna, a second return signal that indicates the modulated chirp signal was received by the base station antenna, and providing instructions to establish a wireless communication session with the base station antenna.

Abstract: A target identifier can be configured to determine a synthesized profile for a target based on active sensor data that characterizes a radio frequency (“RF”) signal reflected by the target and received at an active sensor system. The synthesized profile can characterize an estimated Line of Bearing (“LoB”) and a radial speed (“Rdot”) of the target relative to a passive sensor system. The target identifier can also be configured to match the synthesized profile with a measured profile that is determined based on RF signals received at the passive sensor system. The measured profile characterizes a measured LoB and a measured Rdot of the target.

Abstract: An object detection device includes an optical scanning system, a detection system, and a processing device. The optical scanning system includes a light source, a light source drive unit, and a deflector, and causes the deflector to scan a scan area with light from light source at scan positions. The detection system detects the light emitted from the optical scanning system and reflected by an object. The processing device calculates distance information indicating a distance to the object based on a light emission timing and a light detection timing. In a plurality of scans, the optical scanning system causes the light source to emit light at a different scan position in each scan. The processing device includes a correction system to correct the distance information at at least one scan position at which the light source is caused to emit light in at least one scan of the scans.

Abstract: Circuitry for ultrasound devices is described. A multilevel pulser is described, which can provide bipolar pulses of multiple levels. The multilevel pulser includes a pulsing circuit and pulser and feedback circuit. Symmetric switches are also described. The symmetric switches can be positioned as inputs to ultrasound receiving circuitry to block signals from the receiving circuitry.

Abstract: A parking space status sensing system is used for detecting a state of a parking space. A parking space status sensing system includes a first antenna array transmitting a first signal, a second antenna array receiving a second signal feedback reflected from an object, a radio-frequency transceiver receiving the second signal and performing down-conversion and demodulation on the second signal with receiving a local signal modulated from a triangularly modulated signal by the radio-frequency transceiver, to generate a first beat frequency signal. An analog-distance-signal-integral information and an analog-speed-signal-integral information of the object are obtained from the first beat frequency signal by related analog signal processes.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting face creep of a longwall mining system. The system includes a detection device mounted in a maingate roadway and coupled to the detection device. The controller determines the position of the beam stage loader-armored face conveyor interface based on a signal from the first indicator device, determines a position of a maingate line based on a signal from a maingate indicator device, and determines a position of a belt conveyor based on a signal from a belt conveyor indicator device. The controller further determines a first distance between the position of the beam stage loader-armored face conveyor interface and a maingate line, and a second distance between the position of the belt conveyor and the maingate line. The controller generates an indication of face creep based on the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to the end to end system, the methods and an apparatus for locating cell phones, lone workers, assets, and workers in hazardous environments outdoors and indoors. The end to end system integrates with the current E-911 architecture and also provides a stand alone capability for geo-locating workers and assets. The end to end system also provides caller id and geo-spatial location to the E-911 PSAP in the absence of a cellular signal for a cell phone attempting a 911 call.

Abstract: A system for remote monitoring a network of distributed antennas. The system including at least one antenna electrically coupled to a radio-frequency (RF) transmission line, and a monitoring module electrically coupled to the RF transmission line, the monitoring module configured to receive a direct-current (DC) coded signal via the RF transmission line and compare the DC coded signal to at least one code saved in a memory of the monitoring module to determine a status associated with the at least one antenna.

Abstract: A radar system includes a split-block assembly unit comprising a first portion and second portion, where the first portion and the second portion form a seam. The radar system further includes a plurality of ports located on a bottom side of the second portion opposite the seam. Additionally, the radar system includes a plurality of radiating elements located on a top side of the first portion opposite the seam. The plurality of radiating elements is arranged in a plurality of arrays. The plurality of arrays includes a set of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission arrays, a set of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) transmission arrays, and at least one reception array. Further, the radar system includes a set of waveguides configured to couple each array to a port.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus includes an image-forming optical system aimed forward, an image sensor, an antenna, a first circuit board, a waveguide, an upper case, an information-processing circuit, a second circuit board, a connector, and a power-supply circuit. The connector is disposed at a rear side relative to the image-forming optical system. The power-supply circuit includes at least one capacitor, and a capacitor that is positioned at a highest location out of all of the at least one capacitor is disposed at a rear side relative to the image-forming optical system, which prevents the capacitor from obstructing the visual field of the image-forming optical system. Thus, the image-forming optical system is able to be located close to the power-supply circuit because the monitoring apparatus is very small in height.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an extendable wand, and a sensor head coupled to the wand. The sensor head includes a continuous wave metal detector (CWMD) and a radar. When the wand is collapsed, the wand and the sensor head collapse to fill a volume that is smaller than a volume filled by the sensor head and the wand when the wand is extended. Frequency-domain data from a sensor configured to sense a region is accessed, the frequency-domain data is transformed to generate a time-domain representation of the region, a first model is determined based on the accessed frequency-domain data, a second model is determined based on the generated time-domain representation, the second model being associated with a particular region within the sensed region, and a background model that represents a background of the region is determined based on the first model and the second model.

Abstract: Systems and methods of detecting type I ice crystals using an aircraft's onboard weather radar system are disclosed. An exemplary embodiment identifies radar returns having a return level signal strength less than a radar return sensitivity threshold level, determines if at least one of a weather condition and a flight condition concurrently exists with the identified radar returns having the return level signal strength less than the radar return sensitivity threshold level, and identifies a region of airspace potentially having type I ice crystals when the at least one of the weather condition and the flight condition concurrently exists with the identified radar returns having the return level signal strength less than the radar return sensitivity threshold level.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products that allow for the determination of human presence in a room where content is being presented. The audio that is associated with the content may be captured, along with the audio that is being generated collectively by whatever sources may be in the room including the presentation of the content. Features may be extracted from both the content audio and the room audio. These features may then be compared, and the differences may be quantified. If the differences are significant, then human presence may be inferred.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the signal-to-noise ratio (20) of a target echo (11) from a received signal (UE) received from an ultrasonic sensor (3) of a motor vehicle (1), in which: a transmission signal is transmitted in encoded form, the received signal (UE) is decoded and decoding involves the received signal (UE) being correlated with a reference signal and the correlation provides a correlation signal (UK), and the target echo (11) is detected in the correlation signal (UK), wherein the signal-to-noise ratio (20) is determined by determining a value (21) of the noise in the received signal (UE) on the basis of the correlation signal (UK) and, in so doing, dividing the correlation signal (UK) into a multiplicity of signal segments (17a to 17e) and determining the value (21) of the noise solely on the basis of signal values for that one of the signal segments (17a to 17e) that contains the target echo (11).

Abstract: An optical sensor includes photodiodes and optical filters that are arranged on the photodiodes. The photodiodes and optical filters may be spaced apart from each other. The optical filters include an infrared blocking filter and at least one visible light filter and the optical sensor measures a light quantity of a specific wavelength band in a visible light band through the photodiodes, wherein a specific visible light filter is arranged on the photodiodes. Therefore, the optical sensor has a simplified structure and may function as an ambient illuminance sensor, a proximity sensor, and a color sensor.

Abstract: An image ranging system has a light source module having a light source diode and a light source lens, and an image sensing module, placed near the light source, having an image sensing device and an image sensing lens. An optical signal emitted from the light source diode passes through the light source lens with a luminous intensity profile which is characterized by intensity I1 and then reaches an object. A reflection signal is generated by the object. The relationship between the intensity I1 and the emission angle ? of the optical signal is I1=1/cos 7?. The reflection signal into the image source lens has an incident angle ? the same as the emission angle of the optical signal, and images the object onto the image sensing device. The ratio of the height of object image to the effective focal length of image sensing lens is proportional to sin ?.

Abstract: GNS signal correction system and method for calculating GNSS corrections, and complementary mobile and mobile position determination method based on these GNSS corrections. The methods employ satellite-single-differenced mixed code-and-phase system hardware delays in modelling carrier phase system observables. These system hardware delays are dynamically estimated by the signal correction system using a dynamic system state model. The estimated system hardware delays are transmitted to the mobile, which applies these delays to a dynamic mobile state model, in order to improve the accuracy and/or convergence time of mobile position estimations.