Abstract: Cockpit display systems and methods are provided for performing Glide Slope (G/S) validation processes during Instrument Landing System (ILS) approaches. In one embodiment, the cockpit display system utilizes validated G/S signals to selectively correct the viewpoint of a Synthetic Vision System (SVS) scene generated on a Synthetic Vision Primary Flight Display (SV-FPD). In such an embodiment, the cockpit display system may include an ILS receiver, a cockpit display device on which the SV-PFD is generated, and a controller operably coupled to the cockpit display device and to the ILS receiver. During an ILS approach, the controller selectively performs a G/S validation algorithm to determine the validity of the G/S signals received during the ILS approach. If determining that the G/S signals are valid, the controller then repeatedly updates the SVS viewpoint during the ILS approach based, at least in part, on the validated G/S signals.

Abstract: An elongated pressure sensitive potentiometer is disposed alongside and generally parallel to a reciprocating suspension component, such as a shock absorber, and between a steel track and a rolling or static magnet. The track and contained potentiometer extend from a mount at or near the top of a cylinder of the shock absorber to a point beyond the magnet when the shock absorber is in an uncompressed state. The mount couples the track to the shaft, parallel to and spaced apart from the shaft. Magnet attraction of the track compresses the potentiometer between the track and magnet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotary scale to be fixed to a rotating shaft of a rotating member includes a first step of forming, on a scale substrate, a scale pattern and a mark indicating an outer shape of the rotating shaft positioned such that a center axis of the rotating shaft coincides with a center axis of the scale pattern, a second step of cutting a first area of the scale substrate including the mark and having a first width, and a third step of cutting a second area including the mark that remains after the cutting of the first area, having a length in a circumferential direction of the scale substrate shorter than that in the first area and having a second width narrower than the first width.

Abstract: A detection head movable relative to a scale detects diffracted light and outputs a detection result. The diffracted light is diffracted by an incremental pattern. A signal processing unit calculates a relative displacement between the scale and the detection head. The detection head includes: a light source emitting the light to the scale; and a detection unit including a light-receiving unit in which a plurality of light-receiving elements that output a detection signal are arranged. The number of the plurality of light-receiving elements is an even number. A period of the arrangement of the plurality of light-receiving elements is an odd-number multiple of a fundamental period. The fundamental period is a period of interference fringes formed on the light-receiving unit by +1st and ?1st order diffracted lights. A width of the light-receiving element is not equal to an integral multiple of the fundamental period.

Abstract: Apparatus and Methods for fabricating apparatus having a hermetic seal to seal a portion of an apparatus, for example and without limitation, a portion having a MEMS sensor. One such method uses crimping devices to compress a seal in a cavity formed in a housing that includes a MEMS sensor attached to a stress isolator. Under such compression, the seal deforms to hermetically seal surfaces around the inside, outside and bottom of the stress isolator.

Abstract: A display device for a motor vehicle having at least one annular gauge (1) and a display panel (2) having a display surface (20) intended to be oriented toward the inside of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. The device comprises a transparent pane (4) positioned facing the display surface (20) and serving as a support for the annular gauge (1).

Abstract: A calibration system has a calibration device which includes at least one calibration fluid receptacle, an electric and a fluidic interface for releasably connecting at least one sensor module to be calibrated, which is a unit constructionally separate from the calibration device and contains one or more sensors, and a controller which controls the flow of calibration fluid through the sensor module connected to the calibration device and which is electrically coupled with the connected sensor module via the electric interface and can collect measurement data from the sensor module. In the calibration system, in particular in the sensor module, calibration data are stored, so that the calibration device can calibrate various sensor modules which are coupled to the interface.

Abstract: A fluid flow metering device and a method thereof are provided. The fluid flow metering device includes a fluid flow detector, a memory, a micro controller and a power generator. The fluid flow detector is disposed in a supply tube of a fluid flow provider. When the fluid flows in the supply tube, the power generator generates a supplying power through flow of the fluid, and provides the supplying power to the fluid flow detector, the memory and the micro controller. When the fluid flow detector detects the flow of the fluid, the fluid flow detector detects the flow of the fluid outputted from the supply tube to derive a detecting value. The micro controller receives the detecting value and writes the detecting value into the memory, or the micro controller converts the detecting value into a flow value and writes the flow value into the memory.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer apparatus is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an outer housing, an inner housing disposed within the outer housing, and an ultrasonic transducer disposed within the inner housing. The outer housing has an aperture that enables pressurized fluid to enter the outer housing while allowing the outer housing to acoustically isolate the inner housing and the ultrasonic transducer from an additional component when the outer housing is connected to the additional component. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A flow sensor arrangement for determining the flow of a fluid comprises a substrate. A heater is arranged in or on the substrate as well as at least one first thermocouple for generating a first signal proportional to a temperature difference between a location downstream from the heater and a first reference location, and at least one second thermocouple for generating a second signal proportional to a temperature difference between a location upstream from the heater and a second reference location which second reference location is different from the first reference location. In addition, at least one third thermocouple is arranged in or on the substrate for generating a third signal proportional to a temperature difference between the first reference location and the second reference location.

Abstract: The dispenser disclosed herein serves a single serving of a powdered nutrient contained within a container having multi-servings of the powdered nutrient. The dispenser has a metering device that operates as a ball valve or guillotine to dispense a single serving of the powdered nutrient into a water container. The dispenser also has a support surface that can be lowered and raised back up in order to fit a water container under the metering device and a distal tip of the metering device into a mouth of the water container so that no powdered nutrient spills out of the water container during transfer of the powdered nutrient from the metering device to the water container.

Abstract: A flow meter includes a housing which accommodates helical guide blades and a core located within the guide blades, and a measuring chamber in which a measuring ball can rotate in a circle. Between the end of the core bounding on the measuring chamber and the end face of the outlet section oriented to the measuring chamber there are no wall portions present, and the distance between the outside edge of the core end bounding on the measuring chamber and the inside edge of outlet-section-end-face oriented to the measuring chamber is smaller than the diameter of the measuring ball. Consequently, the fluid may unimpedely flow out of the measuring chamber as a result of which there is low flow resistance of the flow meter. Moreover, this causes no obstacles to be present between two oppositely arranged spots on the housing that may disturb a light ray for the measurement.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present invention there are provided a method for calculating a volume of an individual falling drop of liquid by analyzing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) reception, the method comprising projecting electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from an EMR source, measuring the EMR using at least one EMR sensor when the EMR is partially interfered with by a drop falling between the EMR source and the EMR sensor, calculating a plurality of widths parallel to a vertical axis of the drop, each one of the plurality of widths is calculated according to a reception of a time correlated measured portion of the EMR, and calculating a volume of the drop by combining the plurality of widths and a velocity of the drop when the drop is falling between the EMR source and the EMR sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the accurate and non-invasive measurement of the volume of liquid samples by optical interferometry. Small volumes of liquid samples are often contained in and partially fill the wells of a microplate. A low-coherence interferometric ranging system is used to determine the topography of the sample surface exposed by each well. The surface topography, together with the measured, or otherwise known, dimensions of the well, determine the volume of the liquid sample. Embodiment options include confining the optical beams of the interferometer to optical fiber and varying the optical-path length by piezo-electric stretching of a portion of the fiber. Other embodiment options include automation of data collection by stepping the microplate beneath the interferometer, pixelating the optical beam of the interferometer and scanning the microplate by scanning the sample beam of the interferometer with a mirror. Uniformity of the microplate wells is not required.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a vehicle includes monitoring a precollision fuel level, detecting a collision event, and detecting a vehicle orientation based at least on the precollision fuel level and a postcollision fuel level. The method can be executed by a controller having a processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions where the processor is programmed to monitor the precollision fuel level, detect the collision event, and detect the vehicle orientation based on at least a precollision fuel level and a postcollision fuel level.

Abstract: An input circuit includes a rectifier circuit that rectifies an excitation current obtained from a converter, and a constant voltage circuit that receives output of the rectifier circuit and performs control so that a power supply voltage is maintained constant. A power supply voltage source switching unit switches the source of a power supply voltage used in a calibrator to the constant voltage circuit when the converter is a converter of a four-wire electromagnetic flowmeter, and switches the source of the power supply voltage to a battery when the converter is a converter of a two-wire electromagnetic flowmeter. A remaining capacity indicator provides a remaining battery capacity indication in accordance with the voltage of the battery. When the converter is a converter of a four-wire electromagnetic flowmeter and it is determined that the battery is not in a battery holder, the remaining capacity indicator stops providing a remaining battery capacity.

Abstract: An electrode-type liquid level detection device comprises: an electrode unit in which at least two liquid level measurement electrodes, which are used to detect a liquid level, and a calibration electrode, which is not used to detect the liquid level, are integrated; a record unit that records a pre-use resistance value of each electrode of the electrode unit as initial resistance value; a calculation unit that calculates a resistance value of a to-be-measured object based on the initial resistance value; and a control unit that controls in such a way as to adjust a threshold value for determining whether or not the to-be-measured object exists, based on a change in resistance values of the at least two liquid level measurement electrodes when in use. Therefore, the liquid level can be accurately detected corresponding to deterioration of the instrument.

Abstract: A conveyor belt and a weighing system for weighing articles conveyed on a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt includes an array of force-sensing elements embedded in the belt to measure forces normal to the belt's conveying surface. The force-sensing elements form parts of passive resonant circuits that each include a capacitor and an inductive coil. Either the capacitor or the inductive coil can be a force-sensitive element. Measuring circuits external to the belt include an oscillator having a coil that inductively couples to the resonant circuit in the belt as it passes closely by. A force applied to the belt at a force-sensitive element changes the resonant frequency of its resonant circuit, which also causes a change in the oscillator frequency. Frequency detectors in the measuring circuits measure that frequency change and convert it into a proportional force value used to compute the weights of conveyed articles on the fly.

Abstract: Provided is a conveyor apparatus in which weighing accuracy in a combined weighing apparatus can be improved. In this conveyor apparatus in which a radial feeder (30) controls the operation of a trough (31) such that a article supplied from the trough becomes a target supply amount, the apparatus includes: a ranging sensor (32) for detecting a height (S) of the article on the trough; a drive unit (33) for driving a trough unit with predetermined feed power (P); a supply amount acquiring part (93) for acquiring a supply amount (W) supplied from the trough (31); and a deriving part (94) for deriving a relation among the height of the article, the supply amount of the trough, and the feed power of the trough by changing the feed power from the drive unit multiple times to convey the article to the trough.

Abstract: Disclosed is an object transporting device for objects such as fruits or vegetables including a receptacle suitable for receiving at least one object, a support and a connecting mechanism for connecting the receptacle to the support in order to interlock them in longitudinal translation, permit a lateral tilting of the receptacle for the purpose of laterally discharging each object carried by the receptacle, and allow a displacement of the receptacle in vertical translation for the weighing of the receptacle and of the object which it carries. The connecting mechanism includes at least one ball interposed and imprisoned between at least one vertical bearing surface of the receptacle and at least one vertical bearing surface of the support in order to be able to roll without sliding on at least one of these vertical bearing surfaces. Also disclosed is a conveying and weighing device equipped with such transporting devices.

Abstract: A weight determining system is for use with non-singulated and non-spaced arrangements of items on a conveyor system. The system includes an array of load cells, a scanning apparatus, and processors. Each of the items bears upon one or more of the load cells. Each of the load cells bears one or more of the items, and generates load data associated with them. The scanning apparatus generates scan data for the arrangements of the items on the conveyor. Based on the scan data, the processors: apportion the load data from each load cell to the items bearing on it; allocate to each item the load data apportioned from the various load cells; and determine a weight for each item. Also disclosed are a corresponding weight determining method, as well as a computer readable medium containing executable instructions to encode the processors to perform as aforesaid.

Abstract: A trailer includes: a chassis; a floating coupling apparatus coupled to the chassis, a portion of the floating coupling apparatus configured to move in a vertical direction relative to the chassis; a kingpin attached to the floating coupling apparatus; a displacement-sensing device positioned between an attachment portion on the chassis and an attachment portion on the floating coupling apparatus, the displacement-sensing device configured to sense a load acting on the displacement-sensing device; and a fluid system in fluid communication with the displacement-sensing device.

Abstract: A system for estimating a payload includes a torque sensor, a grade detector, and a machine acceleration sensor. A controller compares the angle of inclination to its threshold, compares the rate of change in the angle of inclination to its threshold, and compares the machine acceleration to its threshold. An estimate of the payload is determined based upon the output torque from the prime mover, the angle of inclination of the machine, and the unloaded mass but only if the angle of inclination of the machine is greater than the angle of inclination threshold, the rate of change in the angle of inclination is less than the inclination rate of change threshold, and the machine acceleration is less than the acceleration threshold.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the inventive concept, there is provided an apparatus for processing an output signal of an analog-digital converter, includes: a first frequency conversion unit for converting a frequency of the output signal of the analog-digital converter so that a band where spurious components exist moves to a band where direct current components exist in the output signal of the analog-digital converter; a spurious component blocking unit for eliminating, from an output signal of the first frequency conversion unit, spurious components which have moved to the band where direct current components exist; and a second frequency conversion unit for restoring a frequency of an output signal of the spurious component blocking unit to the original frequency of the output signal of the analog-digital converter.

Abstract: Technologies are described herein for activating one or more operating modes of a register in a meter. The register is operated in a first mode. Light detections indicating whether the register is exposed to light or isolated from light are read. It is determined whether a condition is met based on the light detections. Upon determining that the condition is met, operating the register in a second mode.

Abstract: An optical attenuator has a sampling prism, a biconcave lens and an absorption member. A branch member splits a laser beam. An expansion member expands the shape of the split laser beam. The absorption member absorbs the energy of the expanded laser beam. A light receiving part of the absorption member receives the expanded laser beam. A first distribution part of the absorption member adjacent to the light receiving part, introduces or leads out a medium (cooling water) from a first opening and distributes the medium, which absorbs heat generated in the light receiving part by the laser beam. A second distribution part of the absorption member leads out or introduces cooling water from a second opening, and distributes the cooling water, which moves through a communicating part that communicates with the first distribution part.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with light sensors. The electronic device may have an electronic device housing in which a display is mounted. The display may have a transparent layer such as a transparent display cover layer, a thin-film transistor layer, or a color filter layer. An opaque masking layer such as a layer of black ink may be used to cover an inner surface of the transparent layer in an inactive area of the display. Sensor window openings may be formed in the black ink layer. A layer of ink may be formed in each sensor window opening. Each layer of ink may have a diffuse reflectivity that is matched to that of the black ink. A diffuser layer such as a polymer coating layer with light-scattering particles may be coated on the inner surface of the layer of ink in a sensor window opening.

Abstract: A light-emitting element, in which a light whose emission angle distribution is one of Lambert's emission law or uniform Isotropic emission, is extracted from a light extraction opening window, and an in-plane distribution of a light intensity on a light extraction surface of the light extraction opening window is uniform, and which can be used as a reference light source when measuring an absolute light quantity of a weak light emitted from a luminous body which is a measurement object.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a backlight detection device, comprising: a carrier plate, having a backlight detection region for carrying a backlight to be detected; a light property detection plate with a plurality of brightness sensors arranged thereon, configured for detecting light properties of different regions of a backlight to be detected which is positioned in the backlight detection region; and a data processing unit, in signal connection with the plurality of brightness sensors, configured for judging whether the light property of the backlight to be detected is qualified or not according to a plurality of brightness signals of different regions of the light source to be detected which are detected by the plurality of brightness sensors.

Abstract: An integrating sphere for a spectrometer, including: an integrating spherical body with a light entrance window for allowing an entry of light emitted from a sample, a first light detection window, and a second light detection window; a first detector attachment section located on the outside of the first light detection window; and a second detector attachment section located on the outside of the second light detection window in such a manner that the detection field of a detector to be attached to the second detector attachment section coincides with the detection field of a detector to be attached to the first detector attachment section.

Abstract: A method for compensating spectrum drift in a spectrometer having a radiation source, optical apparatus to split up a spectrum into spectral lines according to wavelengths of radiation from the radiation source, a number of detectors to receive partial spectra, and which are provided with respective pluralities of pixels to measure radiation intensity, and a catalog of spectral lines of different chemical elements that may be used as correction lines. The method may include generating and recording an emission spectrum of a sample; determining pixels receiving the maximum of the peaks for respective partial spectra and identifying respective peak positions for the peak maxima; for the respective peak positions, determining if there is a correction line within a predetermined maximum distance from the peak position, and if so, calculating a distance between the peak position and the correction line; and calculating a correction function for assignment of peak positions.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for spectral demixing. An example technique includes obtaining empirical spectroscopic data representing a plurality of frequencies of electromagnetic energy that has interacted with a specimen, accessing a computer readable representation of a hierarchal spectral cluster tree representing a spectral library, demixing, with data on each of a plurality of levels of the hierarchal spectral cluster tree, foveated spectroscopic data derived from the empirical spectroscopic data, identifying at least one node in the hierarchal spectral cluster tree as corresponding to the empirical spectroscopic data, and outputting an endmember abundance assessment of the specimen corresponding to at least the at least one node.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system includes at least one temperature measurement probe. The at least one temperature measurement probe includes at least one hollow filament configured to emit thermal radiation in a predetermined and substantially continuous wavelength band at least partially representative of a temperature of the at least one hollow filament. The at least one hollow filament has a first diameter and a first emissivity. The at least one temperature measurement probe also includes at least one thin filament extending within at least a portion of the at least one hollow filament. The at least one thin filament is configured to emit thermal radiation in a predetermined and substantially continuous wavelength band at least partially representative of a temperature of the at least one thin filament. The at least one thin filament has a second emissivity and a second diameter less than the first diameter.

Abstract: A temperature sensor circuit and a compensation method for the temperature sensor circuit are disclosed herein. The temperature sensor circuit may provide a proportional-to-absolute temperature (PTAT) output signal with a compensation scheme. The temperature sensor circuit includes a first temperature sensor module circuit, a second temperature sensor module circuit, and an arithmetic operation circuit. The first temperature sensor module circuit generates a first temperature voltage signal based on a first reference current level. The second temperature sensor module circuit generates a second temperature voltage signal based on a second reference current level. The arithmetic operation circuit generates an output signal as PTAT voltage signal using the first temperature voltage signal and the second temperature voltage signal, eliminating reverse Early effect and High-level injection effect with simple arithmetic operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a temperature sensor assembly. The temperature sensor assembly comprises an element that is a sensing resistor, a pair of parallel lead wires connected to the element, a laminate configured to mechanically protect and surround the element and the lead wires, and lead wire drawn out parts extended and protruded from the lead wires to the outside of the laminate.

Abstract: A thermal sensing device comprises a substrate, a first insulating layer, at least one first sensing resistor, at least one second sensing resistor, a plurality of etching holes and a cavity. The first insulating layer is disposed on the substrate. The first sensing resistor is disposed above the first insulating layer. The second sensing resistor is disposed above the first insulating layer and isolated from the at least one first sensing resistor. The etching holes are disposed around the at least one first sensing resistor and the at least one second sensing resistor. The cavity is formed below the at least one first sensing resistor and the at least one second sensing resistor. The thermal sensing device is implemented in a measurement circuit to improve the problem that the signal becomes smaller when the sensing element is minimized.

Abstract: The differential adiabatic compensation calorimeter comprises sample and reference containers, sample and reference temperature sensors connected back-to-back, in series, sample and reference compensating heaters coupled to the sample and reference containers, and a temperature-controlled chamber. In this differential adiabatic mixing and reaction calorimeter, the sample heat-sink heat loss to the sample container is compensated so that the exothermic reaction is conducted in an adiabatic state, resulting in an undistorted adiabatic process gaining the highest adiabatic temperature rise that corresponds to the theoretical value and an experimentally measured time to maximum rate value. The calorimeter is designed for measuring the time-resolved adiabatic temperature rise, the rate of temperature rise, the time to maximum temperature peak and time to maximum rate of an exothermic chemical reaction.

Abstract: Devices and methods for measuring subsurface thermal fluxes and for estimating a rate of change in the amount of a reactive material within a subsurface formation using the measured thermal fluxes are described herein. The methods of measuring subsurface thermal fluxes may use at least one array of temperature sensors distributed along a vertical transect projecting from the surface and into the subsurface of a region of interest. Methods of estimating a rate of change in the amount of a reactive material within a portion of the region of interest based on perturbations of the thermal profile within the subsurface due to an endothermic or exothermic degradation of the reactive material within the portion of the region of interest are also described herein.

Abstract: A system includes a magnetostrictive sensor. The magnetostrictive sensor includes a driving coil configured to receive a first driving current and to emit a first magnetic flux portion through a target and a second magnetic flux portion. The magnetostrictive sensor also includes a first sensing coil configured to receive the first magnetic flux portion and to transmit a signal based at least in part on the received first magnetic flux portion. The received first magnetic flux portion is based at least in part on a force on the target. The magnetostrictive sensor includes a magnetic shield disposed between the driving coil and the first sensing coil. The magnetic shield is configured to reduce the second magnetic flux portion received by the first sensing coil. The magnetic shield includes a composite with a conductive material and an insulating material, a metamaterial, or a mesh structure, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A control computation unit causes an optical modulator to change a polarization state to shift a phase of polarized light with which an object is irradiated, computes a spatial gradient of tomographic distribution of phase difference of an interference signal on the basis of phase differences of interference signals each obtained by each phase shift of the polarized light, and visually displays tomographic distribution of spatial gradient in association with tomographic distribution of stress on the display device. The control computation unit computes deformation rate vector distribution at cross-sectional positions of the object on the basis of optical interference signals, and further computes tomographic distribution of strain rate tensor.

Abstract: Provided is a torque sensor device to detect a torque between an input shaft and an output shaft through a relative rotation displacement therebetween. The torque sensor device includes: a housing to accommodate an end of the input shaft and an end of the output shaft: a magnet unit rotatably accommodated in the housing to be connected to one end of one of the input shaft and the output shaft; a collector unit rotatably accommodated in the housing to be connected to one end of the other of the input shaft and the output shaft, the collector unit forming a magnetic circuit together with the magnet unit; and a sensing unit including a torque sensor disposed at the outer circumference of the collector unit and configured to detect a magnetic field focused by the collector unit. The collector unit includes a lower collector including an annular lower collector ring.

Abstract: A sensor includes a film portion and a first sensor portion. The film portion is deformable. The first sensor portion is provided at the film portion. The first sensor portion includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a first intermediate layer. The second conductive layer is provided between the first conductive layer and the film portion. The first magnetic layer is provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The second magnetic layer is provided between the first magnetic layer and the second conductive layer. The first intermediate layer is provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. A curvature of the first conductive layer is different from a curvature of at least a portion of the film portion.

Abstract: A pressure sensor which detects variation in pressures, the pressure sensor including a cantilever which is bent according to a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a cavity in a sensor main body, and an intra-lever gap which is formed on a proximal end portion of the cantilever. The proximal end portion is partitioned into a first support portion and a second support portion by an intra-lever gap in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction in which the proximal end portion and a distal end portion are connected to each other in plan view. A doped layer which is provided on a portion of the first and second support portions forms a first displacement detection portion and a second displacement detection portion. Lengths of the first and second displacement detection portions are shorter than those of the first and second supports along the second direction.

Abstract: A production method for a detection apparatus includes: forming at least one sensitive region having at least one exposed sensing area on and/or in a semiconductor substrate, encapsulating at least one part of the semiconductor substrate so that the at least one sensing area is sealed in an air-, liquid- and/or particle-tight fashion from an external environment, and forming at least one opening so that at least one air, liquid and/or particle access from the external environment to the at least one sensing area is created, wherein before forming the at least one opening, at least one first test and/or calibration measurement is performed, for which at least one sensor signal of the at least one sensitive region having the at least one sensing area sealed in an air-, liquid- and/or particle-tight fashion is determined as at least one first test and/or calibration signal. Also described are related detection apparatuses.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to assembly and methods for detecting force. A force sensor assembly may comprise a sense element, an isolation medium, a thin membrane, and a substrate. Typically, the sense element may be located adjacent to the substrate, the isolation medium may be located adjacent to the sense element, and the thin membrane may be located adjacent to the isolation medium. Generally, the thin membrane may be configured to provide a shield between an external medium and the isolation medium and transfer a force from the external medium to the isolation medium. In this manner, the isolation medium may be configured to transfer the detected force to the sense element. The sense element may electrically communicate the force data as output signals to the electrical traces on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a knocking sensor with a support member, a piezoelectric element, a pair of electrode parts, a resistor and a case. The resistor has a resistor body formed with a metal film and connected in parallel to the pair of electrode parts. The resistor also has an outer coating film applied to cover the metal film. The outer coating film is formed of a resin material having a higher thermal deformation temperature than that of a resin material of the case.

Abstract: Provided are: a vacuum gauge that, with a simple configuration, can accurately diagnose the degree of contamination of the vacuum gauge; and a contamination diagnosis method that, with a simple process, can accurately diagnose the degree of contamination of a vacuum gauge. Provided is a cold cathode ionization vacuum gauge that has a normal operation mode and a contamination diagnosis mode, the cold cathode ionization vacuum gauge comprising: an anode 1 and a cathode 3 that are for measuring vacuum pressure in the normal operation mode; an anode 7 and the cathode 3 that are for measuring the vacuum pressure in the contamination diagnosis mode; and a controller 10 that compares the size of a current measured between the anode 7 and the cathode 3 and the size of a current measured between the anode 1 and the cathode 3.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for certifying an end-of-train device pressure calibration is provided. The system includes an end-of-train device including a brake pipe interface adapted to be removably connected to a brake pipe system of a train and to receive air having a pressure from the brake pipe system, and a pressure sensing device configured to measure the air pressure received in the brake pipe interface to obtain a measured pressure. The system also includes a pressure calibration device adapted to be removably connected to the brake pipe interface when the end-of-train device is removed from the train, the pressure calibration device configured to output air at a regulated pressure to the brake pipe interface, and at least one controller programmed or configured to determine a calibration certification result based at least partially on a difference between the measured pressure and the regulated pressure.

Abstract: A high pressure dynamic micro differential pressure gauge, and methods for using and checking the same. The high pressure dynamic micro differential pressure gauge comprises a set of vertical manometer tubes in communication with each other, where one or more manometer tubes are connected to a resistance meter through signal lines, and the resistance meter is connected to a data collection and processing control system. Each manometer tube is full of low conductivity buffer liquid and high conductivity manometric liquid. The resistance meter is configured to measure resistances in the one or more manometer tubes, and the data collection and processing control system is configured to convert the resistances measured by the resistance meter into a differential pressure.

Abstract: A standing position evaluation apparatus includes a center-of-gravity position detection unit that detects a head-center-of-gravity position that is a position of a center of gravity of a head of a subject in a standing position projected onto a floor surface and a body-center-of-gravity position that is a position of a center of gravity of a body of the subject in the standing position projected onto the floor surface, and an evaluation unit that evaluates a standing position balance of the subject by using the detected head-center-of-gravity position and the detected body-center-of-gravity position.