Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to weighted fluids for treatment of subterranean formations. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation. The method includes placing a weighted fluid in the subterranean formation. The weighted fluid includes calcium bromide. The weighted fluid includes one or more secondary salts that are each independently an inorganic bromide salt other than calcium bromide. The weighted fluid also includes water. The weighted fluid has a density at standard temperature and pressure of at least about 1.7 g/cm3.

Abstract: An invert emulsion drilling fluid, and a method for the use thereof in drilling wellbores, with good rheological properties at high temperatures and pressures. One embodiment of the drilling fluids is free of organophilic clays and lignites, free of calcium chloride, and comprises glycerol in the internal phase, and a suspension agent comprising a combination of a fatty dimer diamine and a short chain acid, such as citric acid. In one embodiment, the base oil for the emulsion is a paraffin and/or mineral oil. The drilling fluids provide good rheological properties including good suspension of drill cuttings.

Abstract: A composition and method of forming a wellbore cement that includes a cross-linked polyamide. The polyamide is formed by reacting a di-functional amine with an aromatic tri-functional carboxylic acid. The wellbore cement composition is created by blending cement and water with the polyamide and then allowed to cure. Increases in compressive strength, Young's Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio of the cement were realized by adding the polyamide to the cement composition.

Abstract: Methods including precipitated and mined calcium carbonate lost circulation materials for use in subterranean formation operations. The precipitated calcium carbonate lost circulation materials are formed under a chosen set of precipitation conditions, including in situ in a subterranean formation. The mined calcium carbonate lost circulation materials are obtained in a desired morphological form under naturally occurring mined conditions. The precipitated and mined calcium carbonate lost circulation materials may be needle-shaped aragonite having an aspect ratio of about 1.4 to about 15.

Abstract: Methods for enhanced oil recovery from subterranean formations by treating a produced water prior to injection into the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir and manipulating produced water compositions to increase the rate and/or amount of oil that is recovered from producing wells and/or a hydrocarbon reservoir. The treatment of the produced water can increase the pH of the water from about 0.75 to about 2.0.

Abstract: Methods include introducing a multistage treatment fluid into one or more intervals of a wellbore, wherein the treatment fluid contains one or more stages of a polymer-forming composition and one or more stages of a spacer fluid and initiating polymerization of the one or more stages of polymer-forming composition. Methods may include designing a multistage treatment fluid containing one or more stages of a polymer-forming composition and one or more stages of a spacer fluid, wherein or more stages of the polymer-forming composition comprises a thermosetting polymer; and pumping the multistage treatment fluid into a wellbore, wherein the pumping rate is determined by constructing a model based upon (a) the minimum pumping rate determined from the critical reaction temperature and the downhole temperature, (b) the fracture closing time, (c) the temperature within one or more fractures, and (d) the maximum pumping rate.

Abstract: Methods may include treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore, including: pumping a treatment fluid containing one or more polymeric proppants into the formation at a pressure sufficient to initiate a fracture, wherein the one or more polymeric proppants are composed of one or more polymers selected from a group of polyethylene, polypropylene, butylene, polystyrenes (PS) and copolymers thereof, high-impact grafted polystyrene (HIPS), acrylic polymers, methacrylic polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polycarbonate (PC), hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), ethyelene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), natural rubber, polystyrene-polybutadiene (PS-PB) copolymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and epoxy resins.

Abstract: Composition for fracturing operation comprising at least one water-soluble or water swellable polymer and at least one proppant wherein the composition is a free-flowable powder in particulate form combining the proppant and the polymer both is in a particulate form, said particulates of water-soluble polymer before they are solubilized or particulates of water swellable polymer before they are swelled and having an average particle size comprised between 10 and 1000 microns. Hydraulic fracturing process using said composition.

Abstract: Oil field chemical delivery fluids containing a mixture of a base fluid and microcapsules having an oil field chemical contained within the microcapsule are described. Chemical groups in the outer surface of the microcapsules interact with the base fluid and promote the dispersibility of the microcapsules in the base fluid. Chemical groups in the outer surface of the microcapsules interact with the targeted areas of a hydrocarbon reservoir and promote the substantivity of the microcapsules to the targeted areas of the reservoir. The oil field chemical delivery fluids provide for the placement of microcapsules in a desired location within the well and/or reservoirs using properties such as the density of the microcapsules. Methods of making oil field chemical delivery fluids, systems containing oil field chemical delivery fluids, methods of fracturing rock in a reservoir and tracing the movement of fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir using these fluids are described.

Abstract: A method of fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by a casing having one or more openings therein adjacent to the formation is provided. In one embodiment, a spacer fluid is pumped into the formation together with a proppant slurry to separate and space the non-degradable proppant particulates in the fracture. The spacer fluid includes degradable food grade particulates that degrade and form proppant free channels in the fracture. In a second embodiment, degradable food grade particulates are used to increase the permeability of a proppant pack.

Abstract: A system or method for adding dust control solution to a vertically falling first stream of a substantially dry sand-like particulate material, where the first stream has an effective diameter, the system or method includes a stationary, generally horizontal, deflector plate with a drop-off edge, the plate is mounted into the steam whereby the particulate material collides with the plate and cascades from the plate around the drop-off edge to create a second stream of the particulate material having the general shape of the drop-off edge with a reduced stream thickness and nozzles for spraying dust control solution into the second stream, which system or method is preferably for rapid transportation to the site for using the sand-like particular material.

Abstract: Compositions containing a mixture of microcapsules and a bulk polymer, where the microcapsules have an oil field chemical contained within the microcapsules are described. The microcapsules can be present in a variety of configurations. The microcapsules contain a core or a micro-matrix containing the oil field chemicals. The core or micro-matrix can be surrounded by one or more polymeric shells, where each shell contains at least one polymer that affects the release of the oil field chemical from the composition. The compositions provide for the sustained release of an oil field chemical into fluid in an oil field reservoir over long periods of time. Methods of making the compositions and articles containing the compositions are described. Methods of tracing the movement of fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir using the compositions, and methods of providing for the sustained release of oil field chemicals are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a composite luminescent material. The composite luminescent material comprises: a matrix; and perovskite nanoparticles. The perovskite nanoparticles are dispersed in the matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the perovskite nanoparticles matrix to the perovskite nanoparticles is 1:(1-50).

Abstract: A spirally configured cis-stilbene/fluorene hybrid material is shown in formula (1), wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, R1 to R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, amino group, haloalkyl group, thioalkyl group, silyl group, alkenyl group and aromatic ring group, R8 is a hydrogen atom, tert-butyl group or aryl group, when n is 1, R7 is a hydrogen atom, diarylamino group or 2-diarylamino-spirobifluorene group, when n is 2 or 3, R7 is a hydrogen atom, diarylamino group or 2-diarylamino-spirobifluorene group.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyrosilicate phosphors comprising a coating of aluminum oxide, to a process for the preparation of these compounds, and to the use thereof as conversion phosphors or in lamps.

Abstract: A composite oxynitride ceramic converter and a light source having the same are disclosed. In an embodiment the composite oxynitride ceramic converter includes a first phase of a triclinic SrSi2O2N2:Eu phosphor and a second phase of a hexagonal Sr3Si6N4O9:Eu phosphor.

Abstract: Methods include exposing polysilicon to an aqueous composition comprising nitric acid, poly-carboxylic acid and ammonium fluoride, and removing a portion of the polysilicon selective to an oxide using the aqueous composition.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a composition that realizes high ?n, has a wide liquid crystal phase temperature range, small viscosity, excellent low-temperature solubility, and high resistivity and voltage holding ratio, and is stable against heat and light, and to provide a liquid crystal composition having an excellent lens effect and excellent chemical stability using the composition, and a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal lens that use the liquid crystal composition. The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition that contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i) and one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (ii), a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal lens using the liquid crystal composition, and a birefringence lens for stereoscopic image display using the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for a liquid crystal alignment agent, a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal alignment film. More specifically, there are provided the manufacturing method of a liquid crystal alignment film capable of providing the liquid crystal alignment film in which light irradiation energy is able to be reduced, and alignment characteristic and stability are excellent and the voltage holding ratio and electrical characteristics are also excellent through a simple process including applying and drying the composition for a liquid crystal alignment agent on the substrate, directly performing light irradiation to conduct alignment treatment while a high-temperature heat treatment process is omitted, followed by curing by heat treatment, the liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal display device including the same.

Abstract: The pyrolysis reactor system for the conversion and analysis of organic solid waste is a dual gas-liquid separation system, allowing for the conversion of organic solid waste, as well as analysis of the conversion products. A pyrolysis reactor is provided for converting the organic solid waste into a solid product and a gas-liquid product mixture through pyrolysis. A source of carrier gas is in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor for degrading the organic solid waste. A first gas-liquid separator is in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor and receives the gas-liquid product mixture therefrom, separating a portion of gas therefrom. A second gas-liquid separator is in fluid communication with the first gas-liquid separator and receives the gas-liquid product mixture therefrom and separates the remainder of the gas therefrom. The remainder of the gas and the separated liquid are each collected separately from one another, in addition to the char.

Abstract: A method for treatment of a lignocellulosic biomass using an oxidizing agent selected from an oxygen-containing gas, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and oxidizing acids. The treatment products may be subjected to microbial digestion in order to generate one or more desirable products from the carbonaceous feedstock. The solid portion of the reaction products may be further processed to be used in the paper industry.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of optimizing bitumen extraction from mined oil sand ores, using a process having one or more process variables which affect bitumen recovery and/or bitumen froth quality is provided comprising measuring a measure of hydrophobicity of the solids in the ore; and adjusting the one or more process variables in response to the measure of hydrophobicity to increase bitumen recovery and/or improve bitumen froth quality by increasing its bitumen content and/or reducing its solids content.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from solid biomass and/or residual waste feedstocks, said process comprising the steps of: a) a first stage of hydropyrolysing the solid feedstock in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel in the presence of molecular hydrogen and one or more deoxygenation catalysts, producing a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, H2O, H2, CO2, CO, C1-C3 gases, char and catalyst fines; b) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; c) a second stage of hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalysts and of the H2O, CO2, CO, H2, and C1-C3 gas generated in step a), producing a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H2O, CO, CO2, and C1-C3 gases; d) condensing the vapour phase product of step d) to 20 provide a liquid phase product comprising

Abstract: Partial upgrading processes can include thermal treatment combined with solvent deasphalting, and recycling of certain streams, to process bitumen feedstocks and produce a bitumen product. The thermal treatment can be done so that the feedstock is in liquid phase at conditions below incipient coking conditions. Solvent deasphalting can be done before or after thermal treatment depending on the configuration of the process. Subjecting the bitumen feedstock to a partial upgrading can facilitate viscosity reduction of the bitumen feedstock and can facilitate avoiding the need for the addition of an external source of hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention is directed to utilization of a series of cross-linked 1,4-benzenediamine-co-alkyldiamine polymers and the use of the polymers to remove mercury from a hydrocarbon in fluid form.

Abstract: A system for separating water from crude oil includes a bulk-storage tank for storing unrefined crude oil, a first pipe for delivering water separated from crude oil in the bulk-storage tank to a containment system, a second pipe for delivering crude oil to a shipping system, a first valve for controlling flow in the first pipe, a second valve for controlling flow in the second pipe, and a control system for controlling operation of the first and second valves. The control system has a control device for controlling the first and second valves, an acoustic sensor array mounted on the first pipe for sensing a sound pressure level during flow of water through the first pipe, means for comparing the sensed sound pressure level with a predetermined sound pressure threshold level characterizing flow of oil-water mixture through the pipe, and a control device for closing the first valve and opening the second valve when the measured sound pressure level reaches the sound pressure threshold level.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for separating syngas and methane from C2-C4 hydrocarbons. Also disclosed herein, are systems utilized to separate syngas and methane from C2-C4 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Multifunctional catalysts are used to prepare modified bio-oils with improved characteristics. Bio-oil vapor phase, e.g., produced by pyrolysis of biomass, is contacted with a multifunctional catalyst. The multifunctional catalyst catalyzes a plurality of distinct reactions of the bio-oil vapor phase to produce a modified bio-oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a liquid composition that includes an alkane concentration between 40 wt % and 55 wt %, and an alkene concentration between greater than 0 wt % and 20 wt %, where cyclopentenone accounts for greater than 65 wt % of the alkane concentration. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the liquid composition may further include phenol. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least a portion of the liquid composition may be bioderived.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a diesel fuel additive comprising peroxide for reducing the fuel consumption in a diesel engine.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel additive being a solution of the active complex in an organic solvent is provided, wherein the active complex consists of: chiral ester C4-C9 and monocarboxylic acid C1-C6. The achievable technical result is the decrease in the hydrocarbon fuel consumption in gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines, boiler units from 4.7 to 9.9%, and, accordingly, the increase in the efficiency of these devices, as well as the extension of the range of tools to reduce the hydrocarbon fuel consumption and improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines and boiler units.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for odorizing natural gas flowing through a distribution pipeline. The system includes a bypass line adjacent to a distribution pipeline, wherein bypass gas flows through the bypass line and an odorant tank connected to the bypass line, and into the distribution pipeline; a high-flow control valve and a low-flow control valve in the bypass line, wherein bypass gas flows through the odorant tank into the distribution pipeline when the high-flow control valve or the low-flow control valve is open; and a programmable logic controller connected to the high-flow and low flow control valve; wherein the programmable logic controller opens the high-flow or low-flow control valve for a predetermined dwell time proportional to an amount of bypass gas needed to odorize gas in the distribution pipeline each time that a preselected quantity of gas flows through the distribution pipeline.

Abstract: Provided is a desulfurization process using a combination of a suspension bed and a fixed bed, comprising mixing the desulfurization slurry with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas to obtain a first mixture, and passing the first mixture into a suspension bed reactor from bottom to top, with controlling the first mixture to have a dwell time of 5-60 minutes in the reactor to allow they contact and react sufficiently with each other; subjecting a second mixture obtained by the reaction to gas liquid separation to produce a gas phase, feeding the gas phase into a fixed bed reactor for carrying out a second desulfurization to obtain a purified gas. The process of the present invention may reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm3 to 50 ppm or less by using a suspension bed, and further reduce the sulfur content to less than 10 ppm in conjunction with a fixed bed.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition comprises: fluorinated homopolymer particles dispersed in water, fluorinated copolymer particles dispersed in water, non-fluorinated polymer particles dispersed in water; and at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups. The composition is especially useful in low friction coating for telecommunication cables.

Abstract: A tribologically modified polyoxymethylene polymer composition is disclosed. The polyoxymethylene polymer composition is comprised of a polyoxymethylene polymer and at least one tribological modifier. The tribological modifier may comprise at least one tribological modifier comprising an ultra-high molecular weight silicone having a kinematic viscosity of greater than 100,000 mm2s?1. The composition may exhibit a dynamic coefficient of friction against a counter-material of from about 0.01 to about 0.15. The polyoxymethylene polymer compositions provide polymer articles with improved tribological properties and mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving solubility and fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one metal salt of a carboxylic acid, as a minor component; wherein the metal salt of the carboxylic acid contains no sulfur or phosphorus; wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and mixtures thereof; wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (zinc+palladium+silver+gold)/phosphorus of said formulated oil is greater than 1.0. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and a mixture as a minor component of (i) at least one metal salt of a straight chain carboxylic acid, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof, and (ii) at least one metal salicylate salt, wherein the metal is calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) or combinations thereof, wherein the molar ratio of the total metal concentration from the salicylate salt divided by the total metal concentration from the straight chain carboxylic acid ranges from 0.1 to 40. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: An auxiliary lubricant comprising a composition, the comprising intermediate molecular weight surfactant-functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in a base oil.

Abstract: Provided is a grease composition containing a base oil, a thickener, and an additive. The base oil contains a poly-?-olefin and has a kinematic viscosity of 20-60 mm2/s at 40° C. The thickener contains a urea compound produced by reacting a diisocyanate compound with a mixed amine containing an alicyclic amine and an aromatic amine. The additive contains a phosphorous acid ester, an ether compound, and an oxidized paraffin.

Abstract: A particulate composite lubricant for powder metallurgy is provided. It includes: first discrete particles comprising Montan acid ester wax and at least one fatty amide wax including at least one of: a fatty primary monoamide wax and a fatty bisamide wax. In another embodiment, the particulate composite lubricant for powder metallurgy includes first discrete particles comprising Montan acid ester wax and second discrete particles comprising an organic, metal-free pulverulent lubricant selected from the group consisting of fatty bisamide waxes, fatty monoamide waxes, glycerides, Montan acid ester waxes, paraffin wax, polyolefines, polyamides, polyesters, and mixtures thereof, wherein the particulate composite lubricant comprises at least one fatty amide wax including at least one of a fatty monoamide wax and a fatty bisamide wax.

Abstract: Stable water-in-oil emulsions suitable for use as fire-resistant aerosol multipurpose lubricants. The water-in-oil emulsion comprises a synthetic ester base oil, compatible invert emulsifier, water, and a preservative. The aerosol apparatus employs a larger than standard stem orifice to produce a non-flammable aerosol.

Abstract: A fabric softener composition comprising a quaternary ammonium ester fabric softener compound and an enzyme selected from specific nuclease enzymes, galactanase enzymes and mannanase enzymes. Also, methods of treating a fabric comprising a laundering step, optional rinsing steps and a rinse-treatment step in which the fabric is treated with an aqueous rinse liquor comprising the composition.

Abstract: A storage solution for an ophthalmic lens comprises an osmotic pressure adjusting agent, sodium chloride, and deionized water. The osmotic pressure adjusting agent is selected from a group consisting of betaine, L-carnitine, and erythritol, or any combination thereof. The storage solution has an osmotic pressure of about 280 mOsm/kg to about 320 mOsm/kg. The disclosure also provides an ophthalmic product using the storage solution.

Abstract: Improving the cleaning power of liquid detergents and cleaning agents in relation to stains. This is substantially achieved by incorporating a combination of a specific acyl hydrazone and reducing agents.

Abstract: A composition effective for removing solder fluxes either as a concentrated material or when diluted with water. The composition is effective in removing all types of solder fluxes including rosin type, resin type, no-clean, low residue, lead-free, organic acid and water soluble soldering fluxes. The composition comprises isopropylidene glycerol and an alkali and has a pH of greater than 7.5. The composition may contain additional optional solvents and additives to enhance cleaning of articles or to impart other properties to the composition. The composition can be contacted with a surface to be cleaned in a number of ways and under a number of conditions depending on the manufacturing or processing variables present.

Abstract: Hop pellets obtained by using 10% by weight or more of hop flowers (L·SL) of a Saaz variety as raw materials, the hop flowers showing hues satisfying that a value of a* is ?0.5 or more and a value of b* is 25 or more in accordance with a CIE Lab color space. The hop pellets of the present invention make it possible to give a breadth to the beer making by providing properties that are different from ordinary hops by way of use from ordinary hops, or a combined use thereof, so that a new taste can be provided as a luxurious product.

Abstract: A method for producing a beer according to which a wort is prepared by brewing a mixture containing water and the malt of a cereal or a mixture of malts, then after cooling the wort, a yeast is added, selected from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyce carlsbergensis and mixtures thereof. After cooling of the wort, an enzyme is added, selected from the dextrinases and mixtures of dextrinases.

Abstract: A fermenter for fermenting a solution, comprising: a vat (2) predisposed for containing a solution (3) to be fermented, and provided with an inlet opening (4, 33) and an outlet opening (5, 25); a pumping-over conduit (100) provided with a first connection (101), which is placed in communication with a lower zone of the vat (2), and a dispensing opening (103), disposed in an upper zone of the vat (2) so as to be capable of dispensing a liquid above the upper level of the solution (3). The pumping-over conduit (100) comprises a second connection (102), disposed in an intermediate position between the first connection (101) and the dispensing opening (103), which dispensing opening (103) is so arranged as to allow the gas to be introduced into the pumping-over conduit (100).

Abstract: Photobioreactors having a vertically-oriented enclosure with a thin panel shape, systems providing mixing in an array of photobioreactors, and methods for using the same to culture productive organisms to accumulate biomass and/or make biofuels or other chemical products.

Abstract: A method for producing a living tissue and organ includes: collecting medical image information of a target tissue and organ, and converting the medical image information into three-dimensional image information; performing machine recognition and multiple feature comparisons on the three-dimensional image information, and generating a primary three-dimensional model according to physiological structure data of tissues and organs in a tissue and organ database and a residual profile of the target tissue and organ; generating a complete three-dimensional model by producing an internal microstructure of the primary three-dimensional model with reference to the tissue and organ database; producing a full-scale physical model based on the complete three-dimensional model by an additive manufacturing process; and performing a living cell-based tissue reconstruction in the full-scale physical model to produce a living tissue and organ.