Abstract: The disclosure provides systems methods and apparatus for purifying water. A purification device includes a heating vessel adapted to receive impure water and output water or water vapor. The device further includes at least one heating element arranged outside and in thermal contact with the heating vessel, configured to provide heat to the impure water. The device also includes at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat between the impure water and the water vapor to raise the temperature of the impure water. In some example implementations, the at least one heating element can include a Peltier cell.

Abstract: Processes for the separation of water from a mixture of water with other components, comprising the following steps: A) providing feed material FM comprising water and at least one a nonionic surfactant S in an amount of 0.1 to 1000 ppm by weight based on the feed material FM, B) subjecting said feed material FM to a distillation step using a falling film evaporator.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating potable water in municipal and similar tanks to reduce and remove undesirable disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes from the water by providing a water circulation system to create circulation patterns in the tank water and an air flow system for creating an air flow pattern in the headspace region of the enclosed tank above the water surface. In operation, a portion of the tank water is drawn-up a draft tube from the tank floor to above the water surface and sprayed through a nozzle outwardly about a vertical axis and slightly downwardly toward the surface of remaining tank water. The air flow system creates and directs a high volume of air through the tank above the water surface to volatize undesirable trihalomethanes in the drawn-up water portion to gaseous state to enter the air flow pattern and exit the tank into ambient air.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A portable, sustainable, and multi-scale water chamber utilizing the helical spiraling of a hand- or automated-screw structure encircling around an ultraviolet light to maximize the ultraviolet transmittance and minimize the exposure time for thorough ultraviolet germicidal water purification.

Abstract: System and method for treating scrubber and ballast wastewater at the same time. The method includes mixing ballast and scrubber wastewater to make a suspended solid concentration or turbidity of the obtained wastewater mixture constant, the scrubber wastewater produced by bringing exhaust gas and scrubber washing water into contact with each other in a scrubber; adding magnetic powder to the wastewater mixture; and magnetically separating magnetic flocs obtained in the adding. The system includes a mixer that mixes ballast and scrubber wastewater to make a suspended solid concentration or turbidity of the obtained wastewater mixture constant, the scrubber wastewater produced by bringing exhaust gas and scrubber washing water into contact with each other in a scrubber; a magnetic powder adding device that adds magnetic powder to the wastewater mixture obtained by the mixer; and a magnetic separator that magnetically separates magnetic flocs obtained by the magnetic powder adding device.

Abstract: A water filtration system is provided that comprises a combination of two components: silver nanoparticles immobilized on a porous carbon solid matrix and calcium carbonate silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles immobilized on the porous carbon solid matrix are prepared in a one-step wet ball milling process that does not use an environmentally hazardous reducing agent or an organic stabilizer. The calcium carbonate in the calcium carbonate silver nanoparticles is preferably isolated from egg shells. The two filter components can be present in any ratio but an approximate 50:50 ratio is preferred. Also provided is an in situ method of preparing silver nanoparticles on active charcoal. Powdered activated charcoal and silver nitrate are mixed together in a mixture of ethanol and water to form a charcoal-silver nitrate solution which is then subjected to ball milling in the presence of polypropylene to produce silver nanoparticles on active charcoal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing the concentration of selenium species in water, particularly water containing recalcitrant selenium species. In the methods and systems, water containing one or more selenium species is treated with permanganate to provide permanganate-treated water, which is then contacted with a zero-valent iron treatment system comprising (a) a reactive solid comprising zero-valent iron and one or more iron oxide minerals in contact therewith and (b) ferrous iron.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing the concentration of selenocyanate in water. In the methods and systems, water containing selenocyanate is treated an oxidant to provide oxidant-treated water, which is then contacted with a zero-valent iron treatment system comprising (a) a reactive solid comprising zero-valent iron and one or more iron oxide minerals in contact therewith and (b) ferrous iron.

Abstract: A composite containing carbon nitride and a mixed metal sulfide. The composite is useful as a photocatalyst. A method of making the composite and a method of photocatalyzing the degradation of pollutants are described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to wastewater treatment systems, in particular to biosorbers for wastewater treatment, comprising a bioreactor with a fluidized bed of charge and a layer of filtering charge, a system for saturating the water with air oxygen, a sewage treatment pipeline, a purified water discharge line and a recirculated flow line with a circulating Pump. According to the invention, the biosorber includes a receiving and dispensing chamber connected via a metering pump to the chamber with a coal removal trap that is connected to the fluidized bed bioreactor through a circulation pump, the biosorber including an automated biosorber control module, the bioreactor being provided with a convex reflector Active coal, installed in the upper part of the bioreactor, designed to provide laminar upward movement of liquid along the walls of the bioreactor. The technical result achieved is to increase the degree of wastewater treatment while ensuring high reliability of operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for removing nitrogen from water, which makes it possible to omit equipment for controlling the supply of a carbon source (hydrogen donor), equipment for post-processing a carbon source (hydrogen donor), and circulation equipment and to prevent an increase in the size of a system. The method includes adding a solid material containing a biodegradable resin as a hydrogen donor to one water system in which bacteria cells having an ability to decompose a biodegradable resin, bacteria cells having nitrification capabilities, and bacteria cells having denitrification capabilities live together to allow a nitrification reaction and a denitrification reaction coexist in the water system. Also disclosed herein is a nitrification-reaction promoting agent for water treatment including 20 wt % or more of a biodegradable resin and having a specific gravity of more than 1 g/cm3.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of mitigating scale in phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate plants. Scale-mitigating compositions of the invention can be added to phosphoric acid before or during the concentration in the evaporator cycle of a phosphoric acid plant. The compositions retard the formation of scale on surfaces in contact with the phosphoric acid, and thus time between cleaning is extended and plant productivity increased. Further, the scale that forms is softer and more easily cleaned from surfaces, reducing non-operation time of the plant and/or evaporator. Methods of mitigating scale formation in phosphoric acid production and phosphoric acid handling plants are disclosed. In the methods, scales accumulate more slowly and are softer, more tractable, and more easily cleaned from surfaces to which they adhere.

Abstract: An efficient and economical wastewater treatment system is disclosed. The wastewater treatment system may comprise a first sump for receiving wastewater to be treated. The first sump includes a ring that acts a first focal point to gather the waste and remove solids. Suspended solids are transported from the first sump, through one or more filters, and sent to a second sump. The second sump is preferably in communication with one or more protein skimmers. The second sump preferably includes one or more secondary focal points for gathering suspended solids to be further treated by the one or more protein skimmers. The second sump may include a partition wall that separates the second sump into a main tank and a gathering tank. One or more collecting chambers may be disposed in the gathering tank. Inlet conduits disposed within the main tank create a cross-flow or horizontal vortex that forces water to cascade over the partition wall into the one or more collecting chambers.

Abstract: One aspect is a process to producing a synthetic quartz glass, including an annealing treatment that includes: putting a synthetic quartz glass as a parent material into a heat treatment furnace; elevating a temperature in the heat treatment furnace to a prescribed keeping temperature that is equal to or higher than the annealing point; keeping the keeping temperature; annealing the synthetic quartz glass; and taking the synthetic quartz glass out of the heat treatment furnace. The process includes determining an annealing rate v [° C./h] of the annealing step based on a value of S/V [mm2/mm3], wherein S [mm2] is the surface area of the synthetic quartz glass as a parent material and V [mm3] is the volume thereof and a target birefringence Re [nm/cm] for the synthetic quartz glass after the annealing, and the annealing step is performed at the determined annealing rate v.

Abstract: A method for preparing a doped optical fibre preform includes formulating, a rare earth material or a functional metal material and a co-doping agent into a doping solution, mixing a high-purity quartz powder with the doping solution, drying same at a temperature of 100°C.-150°C. for 12-48 hours, crushing and screening the same to obtain a doped quartz powder; depositing the doped quartz powder onto the surface of a target rod to form a doped core layer; replacing the doped quartz powder with the high-purity quartz powder, and depositing the high-purity quartz powder onto the surface of the doped core layer to form a quartz outer cladding; and removing the target rod, and gradually collapsing the entirety formed from the doped core layer and the quartz outer cladding at a high temperature to obtain the doped optical fibre preform.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides the installation of an apparatus for cooling a manufactured glass rod. The apparatus has at least two cooling chambers arranged along the glass strand for sectional cooling of the glass strand. A gaseous cooling medium is either blown into the cooling chamber or sucked out of the cooling chambers. The glass strand is passed through each cooling chamber, with an orifice provided at each of the pass-through points, whose opening is larger than the cross-section or diameter of the glass strand. As a result, an annular gap forms between the opening and the surface of the glass strand, so that a turbulent flow of the gaseous cooling medium is generated, which enables a high cooling rate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical fiber of the invention includes: preparing a direction changer; drawing a bare optical fiber from an optical fiber preform, thereby forming the bare optical fiber; providing a coated layer made of a resin on a periphery of the bare optical fiber; obtaining an optical fiber by curing the coated layer; changing a direction of the bare optical fiber by use of the direction changer; measuring a drawing velocity of the optical fiber; and adjusting a length of the bare optical fiber from a drawing unit to a coating unit by controlling a position of the direction changer based on a measurement value of the drawing velocity, the drawing unit forming the bare optical fiber, the coating unit providing the coated layer on the periphery of the bare optical fiber.

Abstract: A substrate for use in fluorescent-detection methods is provided. The substrate includes at least one glass substrate portion, the at least one glass substrate portion including: between about 60 mol % to about 80 mol % SiO2; between about 0 mol % to about 15 mol % Al2O3; between about 0 mol % to about 15 mol % B2O3; and about 2 mol % to about 50 mol % RxO, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2, or wherein R is any one or more of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and x is 1.

Abstract: A glass substrate includes, as a glass matrix composition as represented by mole percentage based on oxides, SiO2: 55%-75%, Al2O3: 2%-15%, MgO: 0%-10%, CaO: 0%-10%, SrO: 0%-10%, BaO: 0%-15%, ZrO2: 0%-5%, Na2O: 0%-20%, K2O: 5%-30%, and Li2O: 0%-5.0%. The glass substrate has a total content of alkali metal oxides, as represented by mole percentage based on oxides, of 10%-30%, a value obtained by dividing the total content of alkali metal oxides by the content of SiO2 of 0.50 or smaller, a value obtained by dividing the content of Na2O by a value obtained by subtracting the content of Al2O3 from a total content of Na2O and K2O of 0.90 or smaller, and an average coefficient of thermal expansion ?1 at 50° C.-350° C. of 11 ppm/° C.-16 ppm/° C.

Abstract: Disclosed as a lead-free, inorganic low melting-point composition which, when applied to an object to be sealed having surfaces made of inorganic oxide and/or metal, and then subjected to heat treatment in the air in a temperature range not exceeding 400° C., sufficiently expands over the surfaces exhibiting good wettability to it, and thus is able to adhere (stick fast) to the surfaces and seal them once cooling down and making solid, and also to join two of their surfaces which are laid on each other.

Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing a wavelength conversion member that can suppress the reaction between inorganic nanophosphor particles and glass to suppress the deterioration of the inorganic nanophosphor particles, and the wavelength conversion member. The method for manufacturing a wavelength conversion member according to the present invention includes the steps of: forming inorganic protective films 5 on surfaces of inorganic nanophosphor particles 1; and mixing the inorganic nanophosphor particles 1 having the inorganic protective films 5 formed thereon with glass powder and firing a resultant mixture in a temperature range where the inorganic protective films 5 survive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for reducing the solarization of a glass substrate, the methods comprising depositing a nanocomposite layer on at least a portion of a surface of the glass substrate, wherein the nanocomposite layer comprises a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles and at least one silicon-containing component, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles comprise at least one metal oxide having a band gap ranging from about 3 eV to about 4 eV. Also disclosed herein are glass substrates comprising a surface and a nanocomposite coating on at least a portion of the surface, wherein the nanocomposite coating comprises a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles and at least one silicon-containing component.

Abstract: A glazing comprises a glass substrate having an enamel layer adhered to at least a first surface portion, the enamel comprising 20 to 80 wt % frit and 10 to 50 wt % inorganic pigment. The thickness of the enamel layer is 2 ?m to 50 ?m, and the inorganic pigment has an infra-red reflectance such that the infra-red reflectance of the first portion of the glass substrate surface is 37% or higher over a region in the wavelength range 800 nm to 2250 nm. The glazing may be laminated, and may be a vehicle windscreen. A process for producing the glazing involves applying ink to a glass substrate, curing the ink thereby producing an enamel adhered to the glass substrate, and shaping the glass substrate by heating to a temperature above 570° C. The preferred inorganic pigments are of the Fe and/or Cr type in spinel, haematite or corundum crystal form.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for making a strengthened glass sheet including a glass layer with a first coefficient of thermal expansion and a first non-glass surface film formed on the glass layer, wherein the first non-glass surface film has a second coefficient of thermal expansion that is less than the first coefficient of thermal expansion and a compressive stress of at least 700 MPa.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for treating a glass substrate, comprising bringing a surface of the glass substrate into contact with a plasma comprising at least one hydrocarbon for a time sufficient to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface. Also disclosed herein are glass substrates comprising at least one surface, wherein at least a portion of the surface is coated with a layer comprising at least one hydrocarbon, wherein the coated portion of the surface has a contact angle ranging from about 15 degrees to about 95 degrees, and/or a surface energy of less than about 65 mJ/m2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a film-coated substrate having a relatively flat distribution of film thickness such that the film thickness is suppressed from s gradually increasing toward a downstream side of flow of a coating liquid even when a coating film is formed on a plate-shaped substrate by a flow coating method in which the substrate is held in raised attitude. The film-coated substrate according to the present invention is employed in particular as an openable/closable window glass of an automotive door, and is suitable for one where the substrate includes an uncoated region where no coating film is formed, wherein the uncoated region is configured to be received in a receiving part of an upper frame of the door.

Abstract: An anti-fogging laminate including: a substrate; and an anti-fogging layer on the substrate where a surface of the anti-fogging layer is flat, wherein the anti-fogging layer includes a hydrophilic molecular structure; and wherein the anti-fogging layer has an elastic recovery of 90% or more, a coefficient of dynamic friction of 0.40 or less, and an average thickness of 4 ?m or more.

Abstract: A heat treatment process includes irradiating a substrate including a glass sheet coated on one of its faces with a stack of thin layers, under an atmosphere containing oxygen (O2), with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength comprised between 500 and 2000 nm, the electromagnetic radiation being emitted by an emitter device placed facing the stack of thin layers, a relative movement being created between the emitter device and the substrate, so as to raise the stack of thin layers to a temperature at least equal to 300° C. for a brief duration shorter than one second, wherein the last layer of the stack, making contact with the atmosphere, called the overcoat, is a metal layer of indium or of an indium-based alloy.

Abstract: A chemically strengthened glass obtained by chemically strengthening a lithium-containing aluminosilicate glass, when representing a sheet thickness of the chemically strengthened glass by t (?m) and an internal stress at a depth x (?m) from a surface of the chemically strengthened glass by ?(x) (MPa), has a value of a ratio C=rE/rElimit being greater than or equal to 0.7 and less than 1.0 where rE (kJ/m2) is calculated from Expression (3) described above and rElimit=16×t/1000+3.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic shielding metal-coated glass fiber filler to be used as a composite with resin, the glass fiber filler including: glass fiber; and a metal coating in the longitudinal direction of the glass fiber, wherein the metal coating is made of an alloy containing a first metal consisting of zinc and a second metal consisting of a metal having a lower oxidation-reduction potential than zinc (i.e., being more easily oxidized than zinc), the second metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium, beryllium, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, manganese, and tantalum, and the alloy contains the first metal in an amount of 50% by mass or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing cements by hydrothermally treating a starting material containing sources of CaO and SiO2 in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300° C., and tempering the obtained intermediate product at 350 to 700° C., wherein water formed during tempering is dissipated by grinding the intermediate product and/or tempering taking place under a continuous gas stream. The invention also relates to cements obtained in this manner, hydraulic binders therefrom, and building materials which contain said binders.

Abstract: Activators for supplementary cementitious material, comprising reactive belite, obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material, which contains sources for CaO and SiO2 in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300° C. and tempering the obtained intermediate product at 350 to 495° C., hydraulic binders based on the supplementary cementitious material above, and by a method for activating the supplementary cementitious material by adding reactive belite obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material which contains sources for CaO and SiO2 in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300° C. and tempering the obtained intermediate product at 350 to 495° C. and the use of the reactive belite containing material as activator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a concrete mixture comprising an amount of coarse aggregate, an amount of cement, an amount of crumb rubber, and an amount of steel fibers. Also disclosed are methods for the manufacture of same.

Abstract: A shrinkage compensating concrete does not require restraint. The expansive forces developed during hydration compensate for concrete shrinkage, obviating the need for any added internal or external restraint element. Using this new shrinkage compensating concrete, substantially crack-free slabs may be built without using restraining steel bars, fibers, or other separate restraining element. The shrinkage compensating concrete includes a cement that develops internal expansive forces that never exceed the tensile strength of the concrete, such that the internal expansion compensates for the concrete shrinkage. The expansive cement may be an ASTMS, M or S cement, or other expansive cements may also be used.

Abstract: A modified gypsum set accelerator and a method of preparing the same is provided, which includes dry loose finely ground particles of a mixture of ground dry calcium sulfate dihydrate and a grinding aid selected from one or more of beta-naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, trimetaphosphate phosphate salt, tripolyphosphate salt, tetra-pyrophosphate salt, and pregelatinized starch.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surfactant composition and its use in the production of a gypsum product. Also disclosed is a method of producing gypsum plasterboard, as well as gypsum plasterboard that is formed from foamed slurry comprising the surfactant composition. The surfactant composition comprises from 60 to 99 wt. % by total surfactant weight of an alkyl sulphate component having the structure: R1—OSO3?+M1, in which R1 is an alkyl having from 9 to 11 carbon atoms and M1 is a cation. The surfactant composition also comprises from 1 to 40 wt. % by total surfactant weight of an alkyl ether sulphate component having the structure: R2—(OCH2CH2)yOSO3?+M2, in which R2 is an alkyl having from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, y has an average value of 0.1 to 5 and M2 is a cation.

Abstract: Polyurethane composites and methods of preparing polyurethane composites are described herein. The polyurethane composite can comprise (a) a polyurethane formed by the reaction of (i) one or more isocyanates selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and mixtures thereof, and (ii) one or more polyols; (b) fly ash comprising 50% or greater by weight, fly ash particles having a particle size of from 0.2 micron to 100 microns; and (c) a coarse filler material comprising 80% or greater by weight, filler particles having a particle size of from greater than 250 microns to 10 mm. The coarse filler material can be present in the composite in an amount of from 1% to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite. The weight ratio of the fly ash to the coarse filler material can be from 9:1 to 200:1.

Abstract: A ceramic component, in particular based on zirconia and/or alumina, for a timepiece or jewelry piece, comprising at least one noble metal among platinum, rhodium, osmium, palladium, ruthenium and iridium, at a quantity of less than or equal to 5% by weight.

Abstract: An article includes a monolithic substrate and a coating on the monolithic substrate. The monolithic substrate is selected from graphite, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, silicon nitride carbide, and silicon nitride. The coating has a free, exposed surface and includes a compound of aluminum (Al), boron (B) and nitrogen (N) in a continuous chemically bonded network having Al—N bonds and B—N bonds. The compound includes an atom of nitrogen covalently bonded to an atom of boron and an atom of aluminum, and the compound has a composition BxAl(1-x)N, where x is 0.001 to 0.999.

Abstract: A precursor material is provided for additive manufacturing of a low-density, high-porosity ceramic part. The precursor material includes a body of refractory fibers and a binder in admixture with the body of refractory fibers. The precursor material further includes a viscosity control additive in admixture with the binder and the body of refractory fibers to provide an overall mixture with a viscosity between about 0.3 centipoise and about 150,000 centipoise.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic matrix composite including a protective ceramic coating thereon comprises applying a surface slurry onto an outer surface of an impregnated fiber preform. The surface slurry includes particulate ceramic solids dispersed in a flowable preceramic polymer comprising silicon, and the impregnated fiber preform comprises a framework of ceramic fibers loaded with particulate matter. The flowable preceramic polymer is cured, thereby forming on the outer surface a composite layer comprising a cured preceramic polymer with the particulate ceramic solids dispersed therein. The cured preceramic polymer is then pyrolyzed to form a porous ceramic layer comprising silicon carbide, and the impregnated fiber preform and the porous ceramic layer are infiltrated with a molten material comprising silicon. After infiltration, the molten material is cooled to form a ceramic matrix composite body with a protective ceramic coating thereon.

Abstract: A material contains open pores in which the channels and pores that are internally coated with at least one layer of phosphorus-containing alumina. Such material is formed by infiltrating a porous material one or more times with a non-colloidal, low-viscosity liquid coating precursor, drying, and curing the coating precursor to form a phosphorus-containing alumina layer within pores of the material.

Abstract: A fire-resistant two-component mortar system, which includes a component A and a component B, which is in an aqueous-phase for initiating a curing process. Component A includes water, aluminous cement, a mineral filler, a plasticizer, and a blocking agent selected from phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and a phosphonic acid.

Abstract: An infiltratable material forms a net shape containing a porous network that can be infiltrated with a supplemental material, commonly referred to as an infiltrant, e.g., by heating the infiltrant so that it melts and wicks into the porous network of the net shape. By using additive fabrication technologies to spatially dispose an infiltrant about an infiltratable structure, a composite structure can be created that advantageously controls the amount of infiltrant applied to the infiltratable structure and the spatial distribution of the infiltrant about and/or within the infiltratable structure prior to infiltration.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to soil and water treatment compounds, specifically to an acidifying composition used to treat soil or irrigation water used for growing plants. Disclosed is an acidifying composition that includes an organic acid. The acidifying composition is used to control and manage conditions in irrigation water and soil to prevent sodic deterioration of soil structure. Treatment of soil and/or irrigation water with the disclosed acidifying composition leads to improved soil quality and improved quality of plants grown in the soil treated with the acidifying composition.

Abstract: A low VOC, low vapor pressure, low flash point and nonfoaming fertilizer stabilizer composition comprises: (A) two or more glycol ethers of Formula 1 Each of R1 and R3 are independently hydrogen or phenyl with the proviso that R1 and R3 are not simultaneously hydrogen, n is an integer of 3-10, and R2 is 90 to 100% hydrogen or 0 to 10% of one or more of methyl, ethyl or phenyl; and; and at least one fertilizer stabilizer, e.g., an N-alkyl thiophosphoric triamide.

Abstract: The application relates to a Ramjet solid fuel having an ignition temperature of less than 400° C., the fuel comprising a bis-(ethylene oxy) methane polysulfide polymer (BMPP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), the copolymer having a BMPP/HTPB weight ratio of from 1/3 to 3/1; and the fuel comprising at least 85 weight % copolymer. The BMPP comprises from 5 to 8 weight percent mercaptan. Furthermore, the BMPP is selected from HS(RSS)aCH2CH((SSR)cCSH)CH2(SSR)bSH??a) where R=—(CH2)2OCH2O(CH2)2— and a+b+c<7; and H(SC2H4OCH2OC2H4S)nH??b) where n=7.

Abstract: Energetic materials comprising active components, a polymer binder matrix and a tackifying resin are useful as propellants, fuels, pyrotechnic materials and explosives; the tackifying resin improves the adhesion and dispersion of the active components throughout the binder resin.

Abstract: The application relates to a Ramjet solid fuel having an ignition temperature of less than 400° C., the fuel comprising a bis-(ethylene oxy) methane polysulfide polymer (BMPP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), the copolymer having a BMPP/HTPB weight ratio of from 1/3 to 3/1; and the fuel comprising at least 85 weight % copolymer. The BMPP comprises from 5 to 8 weight percent mercaptan. Furthermore, the BMPP is selected from HS(RSS)aCH2CH((SSR)cCSH)CH2(SSR)bSH??a) where R=—(CH2)2OCH2O(CH2)2— and a+b+c<7; and H(SC2H4OCH2OC2H4S)nH where n=7.