Abstract: A process for preparing C2 and C3 olefins comprises contacting a feedstream including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a bifunctional catalyst in a reaction under certain specified conditions. The catalyst includes as components (1) chromium oxide and zinc oxide mixed metal oxides, and (2) a SAPO-34 molecular sieve. The resulting product of the reaction is relatively high in the target lower olefins and relatively low in less desirable products, including C2 and C3 paraffins, C4+ hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and methane, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for certain previously common and costly separations. The bifunctional catalyst as used in the inventive process also offers improvements in catalyst life in comparison with some methanol-to-olefins catalysts. The process may be carried out as a single unit operation.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C2+ compounds.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for production of hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: converting a feed stream comprising alcohols, ethers or mixtures hereof over a Zn-containing zeolite based catalyst wherein Zn is at least partly present as ZnAl2O4, active in dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in a conversion step thereby obtaining a conversion effluent, separating said effluent to obtain an aqueous process condensate stream, a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous stream, removing part of the hydrogen formed in the conversion step, and recycling at least part of the gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbon stream to the conversion step.

Abstract: Methods of producing a 2,4-dienal acetal compound and a 2,4-dienal compound useful as synthesis intermediates of a sex pheromone compound having a conjugated diene structure or a conjugated triene structure. More specifically, a method produces a 2,4-dienal acetal compound of Formula (2): R1CH?CH—CH?CH—CH(OR2)(OR3), including a step of subjecting a 2-enal acetal compound having a leaving group X at position C5 and being expressed by Formula (1): R1CHX—CH2—CH?CH—CH(OR2)(OR3) to an elimination reaction in the presence of a base to obtain the 2,4-dienal acetal compound (2); and a method for producing a 2,4-dienal compound of Formula (3): R1CH?CH—CH?CH—CHO, further including a step of deprotecting the 2,4-dienal acetal compound (2) to obtain the 2,4-dienal compound (3).

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for producing para-xylenes are provided. The processes comprises providing a hydrocarbon stream comprising C7+ hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon stream is separated to provide a C8 aromatics stream and an ortho-xylene rich stream. The C8 aromatics stream is passed to a para-xylene separation unit for separating para-xylene to provide a para-xylene stream and a raffinate stream. At least a portion of the raffinate stream is passed to a first isomerization unit to provide a first isomerization effluent, wherein the first isomerization effluent is produced in the presence of an ethylbenzene (EB) isomerization catalyst. At least a portion of the ortho-xylene rich stream is contacted with an isomerization catalyst in a second isomerization unit in liquid phase at isomerization conditions in substantial absence of hydrogen to produce a second isomerization effluent.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation is an alternative to the energy extensive steam cracking process presently used for the production of olefins from paraffins, but has not been implemented commercially partially due to the unstable nature of hydrocarbon/oxygen mixtures, and partially due to the cost involved in the construction of new facilities. An oxidative dehydrogenation chemical complex designed to reduce costs by including integration of an oxygen separation module that also addresses safety concerns and reduces emission of greenhouse gases is described.

Abstract: A method includes brominating a butanes feed stream including i-butane in a bromination reactor to form a bromination effluent stream including t-butyl bromide. The method includes dehydrobrominating the t-butyl bromide to form isobutylene. Another method includes brominating a mixed pentanes feed stream including i-pentane and n-pentane in a bromination reactor to form a bromination effluent stream including t-pentyl bromide. The method includes dehydrobrominating the t-pentyl bromide to form isoamylene and HBr.

Abstract: A process for producing a reaction mixture comprising a plurality of C3 chlorinated alkane isomers comprising chlorinating a C3 chlorinated alkane starting material in a chlorination zone to produce the plurality of C3 chlorinated alkane isomers, the plurality of C3 chlorinated alkane isomers each having at least one more chlorine atom than the C3 chlorinated alkane starting material, wherein the concentration of the C3 chlorinated alkane starting material is controlled such that conversion of the C3 chlorinated alkane starting material to the plurality of C3 chlorinated alkane isomers, represented by the molar ratio of the C3 chlorinated alkane starting material:C3 chlorinated alkane isomers in the reaction mixture present in the chlorination zone, does not exceed about 40:60.

Abstract: In a process for methanol production from synthesis gas, which comprises the steps of providing a make-up gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in which the content of carbon dioxide is less than 0.1 mole %, mixing the make-up gas with a hydrogen-rich recycle gas and passing the gas mixture to a methanol synthesis reactor, optionally via a sulfur guard, and subjecting the effluent from the synthesis reactor to a separation step, thereby providing crude methanol and the hydrogen-rich recycle gas, the customary addition of carbon dioxide to the make-up gas is replaced by addition of water in an amount of 0.1 to 5 mole %. This way, a CO2 compressor is saved, and the amount of poisonous sulfur in the make-up gas is markedly reduced.

Abstract: A system and method for removing organic carboxylates from a mono ethylene glycol (“MEG”) stream includes a reaction vessel; means for cooling and diluting the MEG stream being routed to the reaction vessel; means for acidifying the cooled and diluted MEG stream during its residence time within the reaction vessel; and means for removing an acetic-rich overhead stream from the reaction vessel. The acidification of the cooled and diluted MEG stream occurs under a vacuum. The reaction vessel may be located downstream of a calcium removal vessel and receive a filtered bottom stream from that vessel, or it may be a single reaction vessel that cycles between a calcium removal mode and an acetate removal mode, with the pressure of the single vessel being greater during the calcium removal mode than during the acetate removal mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2,6-substituted phenols, and in particular to a process for preparing 2,6-diphenylphenol. This process is a doubling coupling of a boronic acid and a 2,6-dihalogenphenol in a Suzuki-Miyaura reaction on sterically hindered ortho positions. In a preferred embodiment, this process takes place in a continuous flow system. The present invention further relates to the composition obtained by this process, and to the use of this composition for preparing poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide), for the manufacture of dyes, drugs, plastics, insulating materials and/or insecticides, and for use in medical applications and material research.

Abstract: Provided are a 1-halo-6,9-pentadecadiene useful as an intermediate having a skipped diene skeleton and a method for producing (7Z,10Z)-7,10-hexadecadienal. More specifically, provided are a method for producing (7Z,10Z)-7,10-hexadecadienal including steps of subjecting a Grignard reagent formed from a (6Z,9Z)-1-halo-6,9-pentadecadiene to a nucleophilic substitution reaction with an orthoformate ester to obtain a (7Z,10Z)-1,1-dialkoxy-7,10-hexadecadiene; and hydrolyzing the (7Z,10Z)-1,1-dialkoxy-7,10-hexadecadiene in the absence of an oxidation reaction to obtain the (7Z,10Z)-7,10-hexadecadienal; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes for producing aldehydes wherein an olefinic compound, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen are reacted in the presence of a solubilized rhodium-phosphorous complex. In one embodiment, the process comprises (a) receiving a vaporized aldehyde product stream downstream from a hydroformylation reactor, the vaporized aldehyde product stream comprising aldehydes, phosphorous ligand, and aldehyde condensation by-products; (b) contacting the vaporized aldehyde product stream with a partial condenser so as to condense the phosphorous ligand and the by-products, wherein up to 10 weight percent of the vaporized stream is condensed; (c) removing the condensed phosphorous ligand and the condensed by-products from the liquid condensation stream using a refining column; and (d) further processing the vaporized aldehydes from the separate refining column.

Abstract: Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Abstract: A process for producing terephthalic acid, comprising: passing a feed stream through a catalytic reactor wherein the feed stream comprises p-xylene; contacting the feed stream with a catalyst within the catalytic reactor to produce an oxidation reaction wherein the catalyst comprises, less than or equal to 10% of a metal component wherein the metal component comprises cobalt ions, manganese ions, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, less than or equal to 15% bromide ions, and less than or equal to 2% silver ions; and producing a product stream comprising terephthalic acid, wherein the product stream exits the catalytic reactor.

Abstract: A method of preparing (meth)acrylic acid is provided. The method of preparing (meth)acrylic acid may be used to decompose Michael adducts in a waste liquid, thereby providing (meth)acrylic acid in an economical and highly efficient manner.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids through thermolysis of polylactones. In preferred embodiments, the reactor systems and processes are capable of introducing at least one epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent to at least one reaction vessel through at least one feed stream inlet; contacting the at least one epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent with at least one carbonylation catalyst to produce at least one beta-lactone intermediate; polymerizing the at least one beta-lactone intermediate with at least one initiator in the presence of a metal cation to produce at least one polylactone product; and heating the at least one polylactone product under thermolysis conditions to produce at least one organic acid product. Advantageously, the processes of the present invention may control the presence of contaminates, impurities, catalytic materials, and/or reagents to provide for highly pure organic acid products.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a ketomalonic acid compound such as a ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof, which is an industrially useful compound, on an industrial scale and in a safe and steady manner. The present invention relates to: a method in which a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound and a chlorous acid compound are used as raw material compounds, and these raw material compounds are mixed together to prepare a mixture and the mixture is supplied to a flow reactor continuously, thereby continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof; and a continuous production apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: A highly unsaturated fatty acid or a highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester that has been produced using as a feedstock oil a fat or oil that contains highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids and which has been reduced in the contents of environmental pollutants, wherein among the dioxins contained, polychlorinated dibenzoparadioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are contained in amounts of less than 0.05 pg-TEQ/g and coplanar PCBs (Co-PCBs) in amounts of less than 0.03 pg-TEQ/g. Also disclosed is a method for producing the highly unsaturated fatty acid or highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester by the steps of removing free fatty acids and environmental pollutants by thin-film distillation from a feedstock oil, ethyl esterifying the resulting fat or oil, and refining the same by rectification and column chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds, e.g. for use as a medicament. In particular, the present invention relates to novel derivatives of certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, suitable as a medicament, preferably in the treatment and/or prevention of systemic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and/or inflammatory diseases, for example osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Further, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the novel compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides treprostinil derivatives that can act as prodrugs of treprostinil. The treprostinil derivatives can be used to treat any conditions responsive to treatment with treprostinil, including pulmonary hypertension, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Abstract: A photocatalytic nanocomposite hollow sphere comprising a shell surrounding a hollow core, and the shell comprising zirconium dioxide, hydroxyapatite, and platinum, as well as a method for producing the nanocomposite hollow sphere and a method employing the nanocomposite hollow sphere in reducing an aromatic nitro compound to an aromatic amine compound under visible light are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising (i) recrystallizing an input crystalline solid comprising a mixture of (Z)-endoxifen (1) and (E)-endoxifen (2) from a first solvent to provide a first crystalline solid and a first mother liquor, wherein the first mother liquor has a ratio of (1) to (2) at least 1.3 times greater than the ratio in the input crystalline solid (1) and (2); (ii) recrystallizing a solid produced by concentrating the first mother liquor, or by removal of the first solvent from the first mother liquor, from a second solvent to give a second crystalline solid and a second mother liquor; (iii) optionally recrystallizing the second crystalline solid from the second solvent one to five additional times to give a third crystalline solid; wherein the third crystalline solid has a ratio of (Z)-endoxifen (1) to (E)-endoxifen (2) greater than 20:1.

Abstract: Disclosed are an acetylsalicylic acid derivative, i.e. a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-acetoxy-benzoate hydrochloride crystal, and a preparation method and use thereof. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of the crystal has characteristic peaks at the following 2? angle: 11.0°±0.2°, 20.6°±0.2°, 25.1°±0.2°, 8.2°±0.2°, 16.5°±0.2°, 13.4°±0.2°, 25.4°±0.2°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to trisodium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) prodrugs, such as, for example, DTPA di-ethyl esters. The invention further relates to compositions comprising DTPA prodrugs and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Described are deuterated chlorokynurenines and compositions, and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease. Methods of modulating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, methods of treating disorders, including neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Huntington's Disease, and use of said deuterated chlorokynurenines are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N-(2-halogen-2-phenethyl)carboxamides, a process for producing such compounds, their use for the control of nematodes in agricultures and their use as anthelmintics against endoparasites in animals or humans, compositions containing such compounds and methods for the control of nematodes and helminths.

Abstract: One example embodiment is a lignanamide that includes a benzo-angular triquinane skeleton. The lignanamide is represented by formula (I) and any derivative of the formula (I), in which R is represented by —OH or —OCH3. Another example embodiment relates to a method of treating neurodegenerative disease by administering the lignanamide of the formula (I) to a person in need thereof.

Abstract: Method for preparation of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes with formula 1, where R is a C6-C16 alkyl group, consisting in that into a water-alcohol solvent system, p-alkylphenol, sodium hydroxide, chloroform and hydroxylamine are introduced, while in relation to the alkylphenol used, sodium hydroxide and chloroform are used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 100% excess, and hydroxylamine is used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 60% excess, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-75° C. for 1.5-4 h, and then, at a temperature of 20-30° C., the post-reaction mixture is acidified till the pH of the aqueous phase <7.0 is obtained, and next, an alcohol-water azeotrope is distilled off with an admixture of unreacted chloroform, the residue is mixed with a neutral C5-C10 hydrocarbon solvent, the layers are separated, and the solvent is distilled off from the organic phase.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-alkyl-4-trifluoromethyl-3-alkylsulfonylbenzoic acids of the formula (I) is described. Here, the substituents are radicals such as alkyl and substituted phenyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for preparing acrolein cyanohydrins from hydrocyanic acid and the corresponding acroleins. The method is characterized in that the acrolein cyanohydrins obtained have a very low hydrocyanic acid content or are free of hydrocyanic acid and are therefore particularly well suited as intermediates for the synthesis of glufosinates.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides N-hydroxylsulfonamide derivative compounds of formulae (I), (II) or (III) as drawn below, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions. In particular, the disclosed subject matter provides methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treating heart failure.

Abstract: The invention includes 2-?-naphthyl-acetic acid derivatives, which are selective AKR1C3 inhibitors. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention are (R)-naproxen analogs. The invention further includes methods of treating cancer, such as prostate cancer and/or castration-resistant prostate cancer, using at least one compound of the invention.

Abstract: A composition comprising polysulfides, wherein at least about 50 wt. % of the polysulfides are branched C20 to C60 polysulfides represented by general formula R15S1—[S]n—S2R16 wherein R15 and R16 are each independently a branched C10 to C30 alkyl group and wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10. A process of producing a polysulfides crude product comprising one or more branched C20 to C60 polysulfides comprising: (A) reacting a feedstock comprising one or more branched C10 to C30 mercaptans and sulfur in the presence of a catalyst and (B) collecting the polysulfides crude product.

Abstract: A method of preventing or inhibiting L-cystine crystallization is disclosed, using the compounds of formula I: R1a—[O]v-(-A-L-)m-A-[O]v—R1b wherein A, L, R1a, R1b, m, and v are as described herein. The compounds may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of conditions that are causally related to L-cystine crystallization, such as comprising (but not limited to) kidney stones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an industrial process for the preparation of (5S,10S)-10-benzyl-16-methyl-11,14,18-trioxo-15,17,19-trioxa-2,7,8-trithia-12-azahenicosan-5-aminium (E)-3-carboxyacrylate salt of following formula (I): wherein X is fumarate. This process comprises the following successive key steps: a kinetic resolution, formation of disulfide compound, peptide coupling, and anion exchange reaction to obtain the desired product of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of succinimides, in particular to a method for the synthesis of a succinimide compound, comprising the step of reacting an alkyne, with carbon monoxide and ammonia or an amine, in the presence of an iron catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in an amine liquid phase and/or in the absence of an ether solvent. The succinimides may be reduced to quaternary ammonium cations which may be used as structure directing agents in the synthesis of molecular sieves.

Abstract: Augmented or synergized anti-inflammatory constructs are disclosed including anti-inflammatory amino acids covalently conjugated with other anti-inflammatory molecules such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vanilloids and ketone bodies. Further conjugation with a choline bioisostere or an additional anti-inflammatory moiety further augments the anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: The present invention describes a synergistic composition comprising of one or more statins, or one or more dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor or one or more biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent and a PPAR agonist of formula (Ia) for the treatment of diabetes, especially non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) or Type 2 diabetes and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and to compositions suitable for use in such method. The invention also describes the preparation of such compositions. The present invention also relates to certain novel salts of the PPAR agonist of formula (I), processes for the preparation of these novel salts and use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides EBNA1 inhibitors, and/or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, that are useful for the treatment of diseases caused by EBNA1 activity, such as, but not limited to, cancer, infectious mononucleosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and/or rheumatoid arthritis. The present invention further provides EBNA1 inhibitors, and/or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, that are useful for the treatment of diseases caused by latent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection and/or lytic EBV infection.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a colored photosensitive resin composition including a copolymer, an epoxy resin compound or a compound derived therefrom, a polymerizable compound, a photoinitiator, and a colorant, wherein the photoinitiator includes an oxime compound and a triazine compound. The composition, when formed into a cured film, may facilitate the fabrication of necessary height difference and satisfy the requirements of sensitivity and an exposure margin for light shielding spacers, and, thus, is useful as a material for manufacturing a light shielding spacer such as a black column spacer used in various electronic parts including the panels of an LCD and an OLED display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds that exhibit vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The present invention is also directed to methods of identifying such compounds, and use of such compounds for the treatment of diseases related to dysfunction of vasodilation, inflammation, and/or endothelial cells. In particular non-limiting embodiments, components of the invention may be used to treat hypertension.

Abstract: Compounds according to formula (I), methods of using said compounds singly or in combination with additional agents and compositions of said compounds for the treatment of cancer are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain substituted urea derivatives selectively modulate the cardiac sarcomere, for example by potentiating cardiac myosin, and are useful in the treatment of systolic heart failure including congestive heart failure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. In particular, the present invention relates to a class of alkynyl pyridine prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (I). The experiments show that such a compound has good activity of inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase, and can enhance the generation and secretion of erythropoietin in cell or animal models, and thus can promote the generation of red cells, and can be used for the treatment or prevention of anemia, such as chronic kidney disease anemia, and ischemic diseases, including ischemic strokes, myocardial ischemia and other related diseases. The present invention also discloses a method for preparing such a compound.

Abstract: Inhibitors of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), compositions comprising inhibitors of LOX-1, and methods of using thereof are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbamoylamino pyrazole derivatives using diacetoxyiodobenzene (PhI(OAc)2) in combination with a non-nucleophilic base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds according to Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of RORgammaT-mediated diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidiazole compounds being active against microbial biofilm formation. The invention also relates to compositions comprising a microbial biofilm inhibiting amount of said substituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidiazole compounds in combination with excipients. Methods for inhibiting or controlling microbial biofilm formation in a plant, a body part of a human or an animal, or a surface with which a human or an animal may come into contact are also disclosed.