Abstract: Motion is induced in a conduit such that the conduit vibrates in a major mode of vibration having a major amplitude and a minor mode of vibration having a minor amplitude. The major amplitude is larger than the minor amplitude, the major mode of vibration has a first frequency of vibration and the minor mode of vibration has a second frequency of vibration, and the minor mode of vibration interferes with the major mode of vibration to cause a beat signal having a frequency related to the first frequency of vibration and the second frequency of vibration. The frequency of the beat signal is determined, and the second frequency of vibration is determined based on the determined frequency of the beat signal.

Abstract: A positive linear displacement flow rate meter includes a first chamber for receiving a substance such as diesel from a fuel injector and applying a substance force to one end of a piston, wherein an opposing force is applied, such as by air pressure, in a second chamber, to the other piston end, and a comparator, for indicating to a control unit to discard invalid piston displacement measurements, until the substance force is substantially equal to the opposing force, allowing accurate flow rate measurement independent of variation in conditions between uses of the meter.

Abstract: A piston test instrument for calibration and/or gauging of a flow meter and/or for determining a flow rate, wherein the piston test instrument has a tubular housing having an inlet, via which a measured medium is introducible into the housing, and having an outlet, via which the measured medium is dischargeable from the housing, wherein the piston test instrument has a piston arranged in the housing, wherein the piston test instrument has a drive device, which is designed for moving the piston by way of contactless, magnetic force transmission by a drive device.

Abstract: A proportional flow meter includes a processor, a measurement channel including a measurement device and a first flow comparison sensor, a bypass channel including a second flow comparison sensor, the measurement and bypass channels operably coupled to an input. The processor may obtain a first measurement from the measurement device and a second measurement from the first flow comparison sensor, where the first and second measurements represent a flow volume of a first portion of a fluid flowing through the measurement channel, and also a third measurement from the second flow comparison sensor, representing a flow volume of a second portion of the fluid flowing through the bypass channel. The processor may determine a ratio of the third measurement to the second measurement, and may determine a total flow volume of the fluid through the measurement and bypass channels collectively based on the first measurement and the determined ratio.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for use in determining at least one property of a flowing multiphase fluid involves comparing an initial signal and a pair of local reference signals with a set of flow characteristics extracted from reference sensor feature maps wherein the signals are related to the flow of the multiphase fluid as it passes through a flow passage which is continuously monitored, adjusted, and calibrated. Based upon the comparison, a decision is made to either resume monitoring of the flowing multiphase fluid by using a pair of local reference signals which are closely positioned and defined, or to adjust the flow passage area significantly in order to improve metering flow conditions. The invention is best suited for determining transport flow velocity and gas void fraction or relative proportions of the gas phase and the liquid phase within the multiphase fluid which subsequently can be used to quantify gas and liquid flowrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultrasonic flow measurement system comprising a flow tube for the fluid whose flow rate is to be determined and at least two ultrasound transducer circuitry. At least one of the at least two ultrasound transducer circuitry comprises an ultrasound transmitter that is arranged for transmitting ultrasound signals through said fluid in a transmitting phase, and at least another one of the at least two ultrasound transducer circuitry comprises an ultrasound receiver that is arranged for receiving transmitted ultrasound signals in a receiving phase. The system further comprises at least one receiving circuit that is arranged for reading out the ultrasound receiver in the receiving phase; and control means connected to the at least two ultrasound transducer circuitry and to the at least one receiving circuit.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for calibrating the volume of storage containers using mechanical or acoustic wave-based inspection techniques. The exemplary calibration system comprises an array of measurement devices controllably deployed in respective positions on the outside surface of the container. The measurement devices include a transducer for sending signals along the surface of the container and sensors configured to detect the signals. The measurement devices are in communication with a diagnostic computing device that controls the positioning and the operation of the measurement devices and is further configured to determine the time time-of-flight of the signals that travel between the various devices. Moreover, according to the specific arrangement of the measurement devices and the measured signal information, the control computer is configured to calculate the dimensions of the container and its internal volume.

Abstract: A display controller calculates a driver-related fuel economy value and a performance value indicating an amount of difference between the calculated driver-related fuel economy value and a baseline value. The display controller displays the performance value on a display device during vehicle operation. A memory in the vehicle stores a number of initial fuel economy values that are replaced by the driver-related fuel economy values as new driver-related fuel economy values are calculated. An oldest fuel mileage value stored in the memory is replaced with a newly calculated fuel mileage. The baseline value used to calculate the performance value is an average of the number of the fuel economy values stored in the memory.

Abstract: A method for molding an improved sight tube for fluid level related applications comprising molding annular grooves a predetermined distance from respective sight tube ends, a conduit substantially traveling about central axis, along the length of the sight tube, with substantially constant or varying diameter, and a second embodiment of the invention comprising molding secondary annular grooves in addition to the above described features, to reduce the potential for leakage between a fluid level verification apparatus end pieces and the sight tube and to reduce material and manufacturing costs for manufacturing the sight tubes.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a probe comprising a process connection for mounting to a process vessel. A sealed connector is for connection to the measurement instrument and includes an extension sleeve. A return tube extends from the extension sleeve and is secured to the process connection, the return tube has a connector end proximate the sealed connector and a distal end including vent openings below the process connection. A process tube is connected to the distal end of the return tube and extends into the process vessel. A center conductor is coaxial with the return tube and the process tube for conducting the pulses. A target tube is coaxial with and received within the return tube to define a condensation return path therebetween. The target tube extends downward from a near end at the return tube connector end by bottom end to a position below the process connection. The target tube includes apertures at the near end opening into the condensation return path.

Abstract: A method for determining the fill level of a process medium arranged in a container using a TDR fill level meter having at least one signal line for guiding an electromagnetic signal, a signal line head and an electronics unit, the signal line extending into the process medium, the method having at least the steps of generating a pulsed transmitter signal with the electronics unit, wherein the transmission signal propagates along the signal line as measuring signal with changing amplitude, detecting and evaluating at least one reflection signal with the electronics unit, wherein the reflection signal is a reflection of the measuring signal on an interface between a first and a second medium having different impedances, the relative permittivity of the second medium is determined at least in dependence on the amplitude of the measuring signal transmitted through the first medium and the amplitude of the reflection signal.

Abstract: A multi-probe system for real-time measurement of a fluid level in a pipe with steady-state and turbulent flow conditions is presented. The multi-probe system includes a plurality of multiplexed transducers attached in a non-destructive fashion to walls of the pipe. Multiplexing of the transducers activate and deactivate the transducers in sequence to generate independent pairs of transmit and receive wave signals through the pipe. Each transmit and receive signal pair can be used to independently establish a time-of-flight from the transducer and back to the transducer as reflected by a surface of the fluid. The transducers can be arranged as longitudinal and/or circumferential arrays on the walls of the pipe. An algorithm that determines the time-of-flight eliminates received signals having an energy level lower than or equal to a predefined minimum energy level and eliminates any time-of-flight that is shorter than a minimum threshold time.

Abstract: An automatic hysteresis compensated method of level measuring a liquid in a tank includes providing an electromechanical liquid level gauge including a controller with a processor, a displacer on a wire from a measuring drum with a motor, where the processor controls a movement of the motor and executes a level gauging algorithm. A measured force displacer position (FS) profile is provided including a move-down FS curve determining Fd, Sd corresponding to a displacer center when moving down and a move-up FS curve to determine Fu, Su corresponding the displacer center when moving up. The algorithm provided a time derivative of F is essentially zero, initiates performing a down/up dip of the displacer moving the displacer down/up to below/above the liquid level, then moving the displacer up/down passing Su/Sd, then moving the displacer to return to Sd/Su, and determining the current liquid level from Fd/Fu upon the return to Sd/Su.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (100) for the individualized monitoring of the feed conversion ratio of poultry comprising: a weighing station (30) comprising side walls and a front wall defining an available internal volume able to contain a bird, a bird identification means (40), able to identify one bird positioned in the available internal volume of the weighing station (30) and to provide identification information of the bird, a bird weighing means (10), able to measure the weight of one bird positioned in the available internal volume of the weighing station (30) and to provide weight information of the bird, a feeder (50) containing poultry feed, coupled to a feed weighing means (20) able to measure the weight of the feed contained in the feeder (50) and to provide weight information of the feed, wherein said feeder (50) comprises a dispensing area (51), wherein said dispensing area (51) is accessible only to one bird positioned in the available internal volume of the weighing station (30), and a

Abstract: An inspection system includes a first ultrasonic probe positioned on and configured to move along a surface of a component. The first ultrasonic probe transmits ultrasonic energy. The inspection system also includes a second ultrasonic probe positioned on and configured to move along the surface of the component opposite the first probe. The second ultrasonic probe receives the ultrasonic energy transmitted by the first ultrasonic probe. Additionally, the inspection system includes a probe alignment system in communication with the first ultrasonic probe and the second ultrasonic probe. The probe alignment system is configured to analyze an energy characteristic for the ultrasonic energy received by the second ultrasonic probe to determine if a displacement characteristic for at least one of the first ultrasonic probe and the second ultrasonic probe requires adjustment.

Abstract: Methods of operating an audio device are provided. A method includes measuring sound pressure levels (SPLECM) for acoustic energy received by an ear canal microphone (ECM) during a time increment ?t and calculating a SPL_Dose?t during the time increment ?t using SPLECM.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a substrate, a light emitting element, a light receiving element, and an electrical component. The light emitting element is mounted on a front surface of the substrate. The light receiving element is mounted on the front surface of the substrate and at a position different from that of the light emitting element. The electrical component is mounted on a back surface of the substrate. The electrical component is electrically connected to the light emitting element and the light receiving element. The electrical component is located at a position overlapping the light emitting element and the light receiving element in plan view.

Abstract: An assembly line in-situ calibration arrangement, optical sensor arrangement and a method for calibration of an optical sensor arrangement are presented. A calibration arrangement comprises a calibration head comprising at least one calibrated light source located behind an aperture in a housing and being electrically connected to a power terminal. A power source is connected to the power terminal, the power source comprising a switching unit electrically connected to the at least one light source. An interface unit is connected to the switching unit by means of an interface connection, wherein the interface unit is arranged to control the switching unit. A control unit is connected to the interface unit, wherein the control unit is arranged to drive the interface unit such that the at least one light source is switched to emit a calibration pulse sequence to be received by the optical sensor arrangement to be placed with respect of the aperture.

Abstract: A light intensity detection method includes: determining whether light intensity detection needs to be performed; detecting whether there is a finger touch in an optical detection region of an optical fingerprint sensor if light intensity detection needs to be performed, wherein the optical detection region is located in at least one part of a display region of a display; enabling a light intensity detection function if no finger touch is detected, and collecting light intensity data by using the optical fingerprint sensor; and processing the collected light intensity data, and calculating a value of current ambient light intensity according to the light intensity data.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and operating one or more light emitting devices is disclosed. In one example, light intensity within a dual elliptical reflecting chamber is sensed and operation of a fiber curing system is adjusted in response to an amount of sensed light energy.

Abstract: A light intensity distribution comprises a carbon nanotube array located on a surface of a substrate, a reflector, an imaging element and a cooling device. The carbon nanotube array absorbs photons from a light source and radiates a visible light. The reflector reflects the visible light and is spaced from the carbon nanotube array. The imaging element images the visible light reflected by the reflector. The cooling device is used to cool the substrate to make a contact surface between the substrate and the carbon nanotube array maintain a constant temperature. The cooling device is located between the substrate and the imaging device. The imaging device is spaced from the cooling device.

Abstract: A system for measuring light intensity distribution is provided and set in a vacuum environment. The system for measuring light intensity distribution comprises a carbon nanotube array located on a surface of a substrate, a reflector, an imaging element and a cooling device. The substrate is cooled by the cooling device to make a contacting surface between the substrate and the carbon nanotube array maintain a constant temperature. The carbon nanotube array is irradiated by a light source to make the carbon nanotube array radiate a visible light, and the substrate is continuously cooled to make the contact surface between the substrate and the carbon nanotube array maintain the constant temperature. The visible light is reflected with the reflector. The visible light reflected by the reflector is imaged with the imaging element to obtain the light intensity distribution of the light source.

Abstract: The present application relates to a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system. In this terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, the femtosecond laser light radiated by the femtosecond laser is collimated by a first diaphragm, and then is split by a beam splitter into a pump light and a probe light. The pump light passes through the first light path module to generate a terahertz pulse, and the probe light passes through the first light path module to generate a linear polarization probe light having the same optical distance as that of the pump light. The linear polarization probe light and the terahertz pulse are combined by a beam combiner to obtain a light beam to be detected carrying the terahertz pulse information. Two electro-optical crystals with the same thickness are used in a detection device simultaneously.

Abstract: A quantum yield calculation method uses a quantum yield calculation program for a spectrophotofluorometer. When a quantum yield is calculated using a spectrophotofluorometer 1, a calibration processing unit executes the processing to calibrate a photon number A2 that is a photon number of the fluorescence in a blank measurement state based on a photon number A1 that is the photon number of an excitation light in the blank measurement state and a photon number B1 that is the photon number of an excitation light in the sample measurement state. A quantum yield calculation processing unit calculates a first quantum yield based on a background photon number A2? after a calibration in addition to the photon number A1 of the excitation light in the blank measurement state and the photon number B2 of the fluorescence in the sample measurement state.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement and a method for producing a sensor arrangement are disclosed. In an embodiment, the sensor arrangement for a temperature measurement includes a sensor element with at least one electrode and at least one contacting element, wherein the contacting element is arranged and configured for wireless contacting of the sensor element.

Abstract: A sensor element and a method for producing a sensor element are disclosed. In an embodiment the sensor element is configured to be secured on a printed circuit board by pressure sintering, wherein a structural form of the sensor element is designed such that an exposure to pressure of the sensor element during the pressure sintering is compensated.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to display a printing layer expressed in various colors through the property of a temperature display ink layer turning transparent at high temperature of 60° C. or above, by forming the printing layer expressed with various colors on a printed film, and the temperature display ink layer on the top of the printing layer. To achieve the purpose, the present invention includes the printed film, the printing layer formed on the top of the printed film, and the temperature display ink layer formed on the top of the printing layer.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a temperature sensing body capable of sensing both a temperature increase and a temperature decrease, and having an anti-tampering function. In order to solve said problem, this temperature sensing body is characterized by including: a first ink in which a temperature Ta1 for initiating color disappearance when the temperature rises and a temperature Td1 for initiating color development when the temperature falls are different; and a second ink in which a temperature Ta2 for initiating color disappearance when the temperature rises and a temperature Td2 for initiating color development when the temperature falls are different, wherein the temperature Ta1 for initiating color disappearance, the temperature Td1 for initiating color development, the temperature Ta2 for initiating color disappearance, and the temperature Td2 for initiating color development have the relationship, Td1<Td2<Ta1<Ta2.

Abstract: Embodiments include processing equipment. A processing system having an optical temperature measurement subsystem is described. In an example, the optical temperature measurement subsystem includes a light source to direct an excitation light into a process chamber, and a photosensitive array to detect a response light received from the process chamber. The detected light can be monitored to determine a temperature of a substrate mounted within the process chamber. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A monitoring system for monitoring the temperature of a sample of insulin stored in a container. Additionally, a monitoring and detecting system for monitoring a sample that is sensitive to ambient temperature, pressure and/or ultra-violet (UV) radiation or other conditions. The system includes sensor circuits that sense conditions of a sample. A comparator circuit receives input from the sensor circuit indicative of the sensed conditions of the sample. The comparator circuit generates a profile of the sample and indicator modules provide an indication, such as warn or fail for the sample.

Abstract: A meat probe has a shaft, plug, and stabilizer for measuring a parameter (e.g., temperature) of a piece of meat and communicating the measurement to a cooking appliance. The stabilizer may have a plurality of wings. For example, two wings may be cantilevered about a proximal end that is at the shaft. As the shaft is inserted into the piece of meat, the wings are bent outwardly about the proximal end. In another example, four wings are connected on opposite ends to a first and second base, and the shaft extends through the first and second bases. As the shaft is inserted into the piece of meat, the second base is pushed upward, decreasing the distance between the first and second base and bending the wings about a middle portion.

Abstract: A zero-strain soil pressure sensor includes a shell provided with a hydraulic oil cavity and a cavity located below the hydraulic oil cavity, a processor, an outer elastic film arranged at the upper end of the hydraulic oil cavity, an inner elastic film arranged between the hydraulic oil cavity and the cavity, an outer strain bridge circuit connected with the outer elastic film, an inner strain bridge circuit connected with the inner elastic film, a piston communicated with the hydraulic oil cavity, and a driving mechanism connected with the piston. The outer strain bridge circuit, the inner strain bridge circuit and the driving mechanism are electrically connected with the processor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (14) and to a method for the contactless detection of a torque of a shaft (10) and/or torsional natural frequencies and/or torsional oscillations. The shaft (10) contains a ferromagnetic material. A measurement head (16) facing toward a shaft wall (12) comprises an excitation coil (22) which couples a magnetic field into the shaft (10). The measurement head (16) furthermore contains a number of measurement coils (24, 26, 28, 30), which measure the magnetic field emerging from the shaft (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a component transducer (20) for sensing a torque component (Mx, My, Mz); wherein an element (21) made of piezoelectric crystal material comprises element surfaces; wherein a force component (Fx, Fy, Fz) produces electric polarization charges on the element surfaces; and wherein the torque component (Mx, My, Mz) to be sensed consists of at least one pair having force components (+Fx, ?Fx; +Fy, ?Fy; +Fz, ?Fz) wherein said force components (+Fx, ?Fx; +Fy, ?Fy; +Fz, ?Fz) of a pair have the same axis of action and opposite directions of action. The component transducer (20) receives the force components (+Fx, ?Fx; +Fy, ?Fy; +Fz, ?Fz) of a pair separately.

Abstract: A stress sensor formed by a membrane plate; a first bonding region arranged on top of the membrane plate; a cover plate arranged on top of the first bonding region, the first bonding region bonding the membrane plate to the cover plate; three-dimensional piezoresistive elements extending across the membrane plate that are embedded in the bonding layer; and planar piezoresistive elements that extend across the membrane plate and are surrounded by and separated from the bonding layer.

Abstract: Device for detecting pressure comprising a first foil layer with first and second electric conductors, electrically isolated from each other; a second foil layer, comprising an electric resistance; wherein the first and second layers are arranged on top of each other, such that the first and second electric conductors and the resistance face each other, wherein a projection of the location of the electrical resistance on the first layer covers an area to which both the first and second electric conductors extend; a separator, for keeping the first and second layers a distance from each other when there is no pressure applied; a first connector point, electrically coupled to the first electric conductor, and outwardly available at a first pair of opposite sides of the device; a second connector point, electrically coupled to the second electric conductor, and outwardly available at the second pair of opposite sides of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring a surface refractive index of a strengthened glass including causing light to enter a surface layer of the strengthened glass through a liquid provided with a refractive index equivalent to that of a surface of the surface layer; a process of causing the light to be emitted from the strengthened glass through the liquid; converting two types of light components into two types of emission line sequences; capturing an image of the two types of emission line sequences; measuring positions of respective emission lines of the two types of emission line sequences from the image; and calculating refractive indexes of a surface of the strengthened glass corresponding to the two types of light components, or refractive index distributions of the strengthened glass in a depth direction from the surface corresponding to the two types of light components.

Abstract: A pressure sensor assembly having a printed circuit board (PCB) with a pressure sensor mounted on the PCB, a side wall engaging the PCB, a membrane, a cavity defined by the membrane, the side wall and the PCB, and a gel or liquid filling the cavity. The pressure sensor assembly may include a fill-hole extending into the cavity through which the cavity may be filled with the gel or liquid. The fill-hole may extend through one or both of the PCB and/or the side wall. The pressure sensor assembly may further include an exhaust-hole, which may extend through one or both of the PCB and/or the side wall. A method of forming the pressure sensor assembly may include filling a cavity of the pressure sensor assembly with a gel or liquid through a fill-hole and curing the gel or liquid once in the cavity.

Abstract: A pressure sensor assembly having a printed circuit board (PCB) with a pressure sensor and a ring mounted on the PCB. The pressure sensor assembly may include a force transmitting member positioned at least partially within the ring. The force transmitting member may transfer a force applied to a front side of the force transmitting member to a front side of the pressure sensor. For example, the force transmitting member may be exposed to a fluid within a reservoir or other sensed media and may transmit forces of the fluid and/or other sensed media to the pressure sensor. The force transmitting member may include a biocompatible material to facilitate use of the pressure sensor assembly in medical and/or food related applications. One example biocompatible material usable in the force transmitting member may be cured silicone elastomer.

Abstract: A volume measurement system for a fluid processing device includes a fluid container, an imaging unit, and a controller. The container includes a housing defining the structure of the fluid container, and a plurality of fluid chambers. The fluid chambers collect and/or store fluid from the fluid processing device, and each have a port that allows fluid to enter and/or exit the fluid chambers. The imaging unit takes images of the fluid chambers and is positioned to view a level of fluid in each of the chambers. The controller is in communication with the imaging unit and determines the volume of fluid within each of the fluid chambers based upon the viewed level of fluid in the fluid chambers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for quick and convenient indication of pressure acting upon a vessel. Such systems are based on the color of a chromatic material at a corresponding pressure. Systems include a real-time and optical system for gauging pressure that allows users to make safe judgements or determine the state of a vessel. The color of the mechanochromic material varies as the material deforms and provides users with a sense of the pressure within a vessel. The color of the piezochromic material varies as the fluid pressure changes. Systems include an integrative and adaptive chromatic material that may be applied across a range of pressurized vessels.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a pressure transducer comprising: a frame; a cantilevered beam; a resilient beam portion; a signal processing circuit; a wiring terminal; and a support member. The resilient beam portion anchors the cantilevered beam to the frame. The cantilevered beam moves in response to a pressure-induced force applied to the cantilevered beam and the resilient beam portion bends producing a strain within the resilient beam portion. The support member comprises a cavity and the signal processing circuit is entirely installed inside the cavity. There is a strain gauge diffused into, implanted into, and/or affixed to the resilient beam portion. The cavity of the support member includes a first aperture disposed along the first surface of the support member and the inner surface of the frame covers the first aperture.

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprises a sensor housing and a sensor header. The sensor housing includes a fastener adapted to be fastened to a pressure measurement target and a housing pathway extending through the fastener and adapted to guide a fluid flowing from the pressure measurement target. The sensor header includes a port pressed in and fixed to the housing pathway, a header pathway extending through the port and adapted to guide the fluid flowing from the housing pathway, and a diaphragm positioned at an end portion of the header pathway.

Abstract: The height of the center of gravity of a vehicle having at least 3 axles is estimated using the slippage rate of the wheels.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an aircraft engine during flight, which includes the steps of: for at least one characteristic frequency of the operation of the engine, measuring at least one synchronous vibration level value; for at least one module of the engine, estimating an out-of-balance value of the module in accordance with the one or more vibration level values measured and at least one sensitivity coefficient; estimating a balancing margin of the module in accordance with the out-of-balance value of said module and a maximum threshold; (d) estimating a remaining number of flights of the aircraft prior to balancing and/or a quality indicator of a preceding balancing operation in accordance with the one or more estimated balancing margins and data representing past balancing operations of the engine.

Abstract: An objective of this invention is to provided apparatus and methods to test the integrity of empty and full tanks. Another object of this invention is to provide a granular inspection of the tank. Another object of this invention is to provide precision positioning information of sample points. Another object of this invention is to provide automated inspection pattern and correction. Another object of this invention is to minimize hazardous working conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a bridge abnormality sensing device including: a pair of vibration sensors installed in an upper structure of a railroad bridge supported with a plurality of bearings, the pair of vibration sensors being provided for two of the bearings arranged in a width direction; a detector circuit configured to output a damage detection signal based on a difference between output signals of the pair of vibration sensors; and an output circuit configured to receive the damage detection signal and notify an external device of any structural damage detected from the railroad bridge. The vibration sensors are vibration power generators that generate power in a frequency range of abnormal vibration resulting from the damage. Power to drive the detector circuit is supplied from the vibration power generators.

Abstract: A structure abnormality detection system that detects an abnormality of at least one of structures classified into a plurality of groups in which a plurality of factors that may affect behavior of structures are substantially the same includes: means for storing a model that predicts, from a first inspection value acquired at a first inspection position, a second inspection value acquired at a second inspection position that is a position where a vibration intensity in vibration of a predetermined vibration mode at a natural frequency of the structure is substantially the same as at the first inspection position; and means for detecting an abnormality of the structure by evaluating fidelity of the first inspection value and the second inspection value acquired at a particular time to the model.

Abstract: A process is provided for determining characteristics of a lens, the process including obtaining a captured image of a pattern through a corrective lens; transforming the captured image to an ideal coordinate system; processing the captured image to determine an overall distortion from a reference pattern to the pattern of the captured image; determining a distortion of the captured pattern attributable to the corrective lens; and measuring at least one characteristic of the corrective lens. In some embodiments, the overall distortion is determined by detecting, in the captured image, at least one captured pattern landmark; determining a transformation from at least one ideal pattern landmark to the at least one captured pattern landmark; and determining for the corrective lens, from the transformation, a spherical power measurement, a cylinder power measurement, and an astigmatism angle measurement.

Abstract: A first determination unit performs a process (first process) of sequentially dividing an intensity value constituting first data by a reference intensity value to calculate an intensity ratio and determining whether the intensity ratio exceeds a first threshold (steps S3 and S4). When a predetermined period has elapsed, a second determination unit calculates an average change rate of the first data in the predetermined period to determine whether the average change rate is within a predetermined range (steps S9 and S10). When it is determined that the average change rate is within the range, the reference intensity value is updated and lowered (step S11). When the reference intensity value is updated, the first determination unit performs the first process by using the updated reference intensity value in the next predetermined period.