Abstract: A sensing element for use in the detection of an analyte based on a luminescent response, the sensing element comprising a luminescent triaryl amine compound provided as a coating on a substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for spectrally resolved super-resolution microscopy (SRM) and ultrahigh-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy to synchronously and rapidly measure the fluorescence spectra and positions of millions of single molecules in dense samples.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods may operate to transmit energy to a nanofiber sampling coil and/or a nanofiber reference coil. Further activity may include receiving the energy as modified by evanescent interaction with a sampled material located proximate to the sampling coil and/or as modified by propagation through the reference coil, and comparing the energy modified by evanescent interaction with the energy modified by propagation through the reference coil to determine a spectroscopic property of the sampled material. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods, including the use of nanofibers and fluorescence induced by evanescent radiation to conduct spectroscopic analysis, are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for imaging one dimension nanomaterials is provided. Firstly, one dimension nanomaterials sample, an optical microscope with a liquid immersion objective and a liquid are provided. Secondly, the one dimensional nanomaterials sample is immersed in the liquid. Thirdly, the one dimensional nanomaterials sample is illuminated by an incident beam to generate resonance Rayleigh scattering. Forthly, the liquid immersion objective is immersed into the liquid to get a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) image of the one dimensional nanomaterials sample. Fifthly, spectra of the one dimensional nanomaterials sample are measured to obtain chirality of the one dimensional nanomaterials sample.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for single molecule detection. The device includes a chamber having an inputting hole and an outputting hole, a carrier including a substrate and a metal layer located on the substrate, a detection device, and a controlling computer. The carrier includes a substrate and a metal layer on the substrate, wherein the substrate includes a base and a patterned bulge located on a surface of the base, the patterned bulge includes a number of strip-shaped bulges intersected with each other to form a net and define a number of holes, and the metal layer is located on the patterned bulge. The carrier for single molecule detection has a relative higher SERS and can enhance the Raman scattering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating a compensation matrix during a substrate inspection.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting defects on a specimen are provided. One method includes identifying first and second portions of dies on a specimen as edge dies and center dies, respectively. The method also includes determining first and second inspection methods for the first and second portions, respectively. Parameter(s) of comparisons performed in the first and second inspection methods are different. The method further includes detecting defects in at least one of the edge dies using the first inspection method and detecting defects in at least one of the center dies using the second inspection method.

Abstract: A method for the spectral analysis of samples in a graphite tube, comprising the steps of: inserting a liquid sample into a graphite tube; drying the sample by heating the graphite tube; transferring the sample into a particle cloud by further heating up the graphite tube; and measuring one of the optical signals influenced or generated by the sample with a detector; wherein image sequences of the interior of the graphite tube are recorded with a two-dimensional camera having a plurality of image elements over selected periods of time during the spectral analysis; is characterized in that the images of the image sequences are automatically processed with image processing methods, wherein a reference image of the interior of the graphite tube is determined; and the condition of the graphite tube, of the sample and/or of a dosing means for inserting the sample into the graphite tube is determined by comparison of the images of the image sequences to the reference image.

Abstract: An erosion detector for an exterior aircraft lighting device is configured for detecting the state of erosion of an at least partially transparent cover of an exterior aircraft lighting device and includes: at least one light source, which is configured for radiating light onto the at least partially transparent cover; at least one light detection element, which is configured for detecting light reflected by the at least partially transparent cover and for providing a corresponding detection signal; and an evaluation unit, which is configured for evaluating the detection signal for determining the state of erosion of the at least partially transparent cover.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved device and method to evaluate the status of a material by scanning an area that overlaps a region of the material under evaluation. The device and method are operative to identify a leakage of a first material into a second material, such as a molten material surrounded by a refractory material, to measure the thickness of the second material, using electromagnetic waves, and to generate images. The device is designed to reduce a plurality of reflections associated with the propagation of electromagnetic waves launched into the material under evaluation, by a sufficient extent so as to enable detection of electromagnetic waves of interest reflected from remote discontinuities present in between the device and the enclosed material. Furthermore, the device can be configured to scan areas of interest in either a portable or fixed configuration, manually in a standalone mode or as part of an automated system.

Abstract: A portable industrial radiography apparatus is provided for radiographic non-destructive testing. The portable industrial radiography apparatus includes a support frame, an upright support member attached to the support frame, an elongate lift arm including a first end and a second end, wherein the elongate lift arm is pivotally attached to the upright support member adjacent the second end of the lift arm, an x-ray tube attached to the first end of the elongate lift arm, and a linear actuator positioned between the support frame and the lift arm for manipulating a position of the x-ray tube attached to the first end of the elongate lift arm.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for generating x-ray inspection image of an electronic circuit board are disclosed. The method includes: respectively generating, according to data files of the electronic circuit board and parameters of an X-ray machine, analog images of both faces of the electronic circuit board; subjecting the electronic circuit board to X-ray imaging to generate a real image of the electronic circuit board, the real image comprising real image elements on both faces of the electronic circuit board; identifying, according to the analog images of both faces, from the real image an interference image element that needs to be filtered from the real image for generating a real image of a detected object; and filtering the interference image element from the real image to generate the real image of the detected object.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a vehicle-carried inspection system, including a radiation source and a detector, the radiation source and the detector being arranged to form an inspection passage. The inspection system further includes a controller configured to control the radiation source so that a first dose of radiation which is safe to a driver is radiated from the radiation source when the driver's cab of the inspected vehicle passes through a ray beam, and control the radiation source so that the dose of radiation of the radiation source becomes a working dose of radiation larger than the first dose of radiation when the other subsequent portions of the inspected vehicle pass through the ray beam.

Abstract: This application relates to an apparatus and methods for enhancing the performance of X-ray reflectometry (XRR) when used in characterizing thin films and nanostructures supported on a flat substrate. In particular, this application is targeted for addressing the difficulties encountered when XRR is applied to samples with very limited sampling volume, i.e. a combination of small sampling area and miniscule sample thickness or structure height. Point focused X-ray with long wavelength, greater than that from a copper anode or 0.154 nm, is preferably used with appropriately controlled collimations on both incident and detection arms to enable the XRR measurements of samples with limited volumes.

Abstract: Examples of nano-level evaluation of kerogen-rich reservoir rock are described. A micro-scale beam is formed from kerogen-rich reservoir rock. The beam has reservoir rock and kerogen, which has polymeric properties. A maximum dimension of the micro-scale beam is at most 1000 micrometers. A mechanical experiment that includes a tension test or a compression test is performed on the micro-scale beam. The mechanical experiment is imaged using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A material parameter of the kerogen in the micro-scale beam is determined based on results of the mechanical experiment and images obtained responsive to the imaging. The material parameter includes a behavior of the kerogen in response to the mechanical experiment. The behavior of the kerogen can be used to determine, among other things, the energy required to break kerogen in a kerogen-rich shale to improve hydraulic fracturing efficiency.

Abstract: Nano-level evaluation of kerogen-rich reservoir rock is described. A nano-scale beam is formed from kerogen-rich reservoir rock. The nano-scale beam includes reservoir rock and kerogen having polymeric properties. A maximum dimension of the nano-scale beam is at least 100 nanometer (nm) and at most 1000 nm. A tension test is performed on the nano-scale beam. The tension test is imaged using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A material parameter of the kerogen in the nano-scale beam is determined based on results of the tension test and images obtained responsive to the imaging.

Abstract: An internal imaging system has a radiation source and a plurality of detectors positioned to receive portions of the plurality of collimated beams that have been attenuated by interaction with the target. The radiation source is configured to irradiate a target with a plurality of collimated beams of radiation. Two of the plurality of collimated beams of radiation may have different beam shapes. Another internal imaging system includes a radiation source configured to irradiate a target with at least one collimated beam of radiation and at least one detector. A planar rotating collimator is positioned adjacent to the radiation source and is configured to form the at least one collimated beam. The at least one detector is positioned to receive attenuated portions of the at least one collimated beam. The radiation source may be or include a neutron source. The detectors may be or include a plurality of neutron converters.

Abstract: The invention relates to lubricant analysis, and to apparatus and methods for carrying out real-time in situ lubricant analysis. The invention extends to apparatus and methods which can measure tribological wear in machinery and, in particular, to the in situ measurement of the elemental composition of lubricant and/or debris caught in a filter within a lubricant-wetted machine.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to analyze trace carbon in a sample without the effects of contamination. In an electron probe microanalyzer, a liquid nitrogen trap and a plasma or oxygen radical generator are jointly used as a means for suppressing contamination, and two or more carbon detection units for detecting characteristic x-rays of carbon in the sample are provided.

Abstract: A nanofiber composite sensor for detecting alkanes can include a network of contacting nanofibers having multiple contact points. Each contact point can form an interfiber interface of interdigitated alkyl chains. Alkanes can be adsorbed at the interfiber interface which results in an increased interfiber distance between first and second nanofibers and a decreased charge transfer efficiency. The detected alkanes can be in a vapor or liquid phase.

Abstract: A whole blood measurement method associated to hematocrit (HCT) and a whole blood measurement circuit thereof is applied in the detection of HCT of a whole blood sample to be tested. Herein, a time to digital converting circuit (TDC) is used for counting charging time or discharging time of a fixed capacitor and a to-be-tested sample, and a capacitance difference that is related to HCT is generated according to the charging time or the discharging time, so as to provide a reference for a whole blood feature test.

Abstract: A molecular sensor includes a substrate defining a substrate plane, and a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets above or below the substrate at an angle to the substrate plane. The molecular sensor further includes a plurality of inner dielectric sheets between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs, and an outer dielectric sheet between each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor is disposed in an exhaust line of an exhaust system, and configured to sense particulate matter included in exhaust gas. The particulate matter sensor includes: a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate stacked sequentially from a bottom to form a sensing unit at one end part and a signal processor at another end part. The sensing unit includes: a reference electrode formed on one surface of the first substrate and having a constant capacitance value; a temperature sensor formed on one surface of the second substrate and sensing a temperature and a heater electrode disposed to be adjacent to the temperature sensor; and a main electrode formed on one surface of the third substrate and having a capacitance value that is varied by the particulate matter.

Abstract: Methods for distinguishing between an aqueous non-blood sample (e.g., a control solution) and a blood sample are provided herein. In one aspect, the method includes using a test strip in which multiple current transients are measured by a meter electrically connected to an electrochemical test strip. The current transients are used to determine if a sample is a blood sample or an aqueous non-blood sample based on characteristics of the sample (e.g., amount of interferent present, reaction kinetics, and/or capacitance). The method can also include calculating a discrimination criteria based upon these characteristics. Various aspects of a system for distinguishing between a blood sample and an aqueous non-blood sample are also provided herein.

Abstract: The invention achieves a lower noise of a sense signal of a FET-type hydrogen sensor. For solving the above problem, one aspect of a sensor system of the invention includes a reference device and a sensor device configured using FETs on a substrate, and further, well potentials of the reference device and the sensor device are electrically isolated from each other.

Abstract: Systems and methods for labeling, staining, and bioimaging of nucleic acids, their fragments, proteins, polypeptides and enzymes are described. In one aspect, a percentage concentration agarose gel or polyacrylamide gel is generated with agarose or polyacrylamide powder respectively. Silicon nanoparticles are added to the agarose or polyacrylamide gel at a required concentration via the agarose or polyacrylamide powder or after agarose or polyacrylamide solubilization in a loading buffer. The nucleic acid is added to agarose gel slots and proteins or enzymes are added to polyacrylamide gel slots in the loading buffer. The loading buffer is then electrophoresed in each case for an amount of time, causing the added silicon nanoparticles or the added ethidium bromide (after agarose solubilization) to generate a bound and labeled nucleic acid and their fragments and proteins or enzymes (with silicon nanoparticles only).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an analysis apparatus in which local analysis of a substrate with ICP-MS is automated. The present invention relates to an automatic analysis apparatus for a local region of a substrate, including: a nozzle for local analysis having: analysis-liquid supply means that ejects analysis liquid onto a substrate; analysis-liquid discharge means that takes the analysis liquid including an object to be analyzed from the substrate into the nozzle to feed the analysis liquid to a nebulizer; and exhaust means including an exhaust channel in the nozzle; automatic liquid-feed means that automatically feeds the collected analysis liquid to ICP-MS; flow adjustment means that adjusts the flow of the analysis liquid; and automatic control means that simultaneously performs local analysis and analysis of the object to be analyzed with the ICP-MS to perform automatic analysis to a plurality of adjacent predetermined regions, successively.

Abstract: A method for operating a resonant measurement system has at least one: adjustment device, electric actuation device, electromagnetic vibration generator, vibrating element, and vibration recorder. The adjustment device generates an output signal to trigger the electric actuation device, the electric actuation device provides an electric excitation signal to the electromagnetic drive, the electromagnetic drive excites the vibrating element to the same vibration in at least one normal mode, and the excited vibration is sensed by the vibration recorder and is output as an output signal. To approach, maintain and readjust a resonant point as an operating point of the resonant measurement system, the phase difference between the output signal of the vibration recorder and the adjustment device output signal is acquired, an adjustment deviation is calculated from a predefined phase difference and the acquired phase difference, and the adjustment deviation provided to the adjustment device as an input signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detection of imperfections by detecting changes in magnetic flux of a magnetized metal body includes a housing carrying first and second magnets for magnetizing the metal body that are located adjacent opposite ends of the housing and a conductor member intermediate the first and second magnets that has a forward end adjacent the metal body and extends outwardly from the metal body to an outer end of the conductor member. At this outer end there is provided a third magnet directing its magnetic field into the conductor member, and at the forward end of the conductor member there is provided a magnetic field sensor to detect changes in magnetic field in the metal body generated by the imperfections as the housing is moved in scanning movement along the metal body.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sensors and the teachings may be applied to a method and a corresponding apparatus for determining a concentration of a constituent of a fluid mixture in a fluid chamber. A method may include sending and receiving a first sound signal; sending and receiving a second sound signal; measuring the propagation time of the sound signals; calculating a value based on the propagation times representative of the concentration; sending and receiving a third sound signal with a second sound conversion unit; measuring a third propagation time; and calculating a second characteristic value based on the first propagation time and the third propagation time, representative of a mass flow of the fluid mixture.

Abstract: Example systems and methods for nondestructive ultrasonic testing are provided. One example system includes at least one air-coupled ultrasonic transducer configured to emit primary ultrasound waves that interfere with each other. The primary ultrasound waves include fundamental frequency components that are multiples of each other and emitted simultaneously in locked phase. Further, the interference of the primary ultrasound waves generates a plurality of frequency harmonics in the air. The system also includes at least one receiver configured to receive ultrasonic waves emitted from an object under test.

Abstract: The present application relates to microfabricated columns having a sealed flow channel. In particular, the channel is sealed during dicing, thereby preventing debris from accumulating within channels. In use, the seal is ruptured mechanically to connect one or more fluidic connections, which deliver analytes to the flow channel. Additional details are provided for making and using sealed columns.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an oxidizer, and related methods, for oxidizing polar modifiers in chromatographic mobile phases. The oxidizer enables the use of flame-based detection in chromatographic separations, such as carbon dioxide based chromatography, which employ polar modifiers, such as methanol. Upon exiting a chromatographic column, the mobile phase containing the polar modifier is flowed through an oxidizer that contains a catalyst to oxidize at least a portion of the polar modifier to a species that does not interfere with the function of the flame-based detector. The oxidizer allows for flame-based detection, such as flame ionization detection, in applications in which a polar modifier with a reduced form of carbon is used.

Abstract: A data processing system for a chromatograph including a standard sample data storage section; a standard sample sensitivity factor calculator; a post-correction standard sample chromatogram strength calculator; a specific designated retention time and specific designated wavelength setter; a measurement sample data storage section; a measurement sample sensitivity factor calculator; and a post-correction measurement sample chromatogram creator.

Abstract: Solid contents verification systems and methods are provided. The system includes a contents sensor unit, a container-carrying unit and a control unit. The contents sensor unit has at least one contents sensor configured to send and receive sonic pulses to determine a state of contents in a container. The contents sensor unit is configured to send a signal communicating a state of the contents in a container. The container-carrying unit is configured to hold a container in substantial alignment with the contents sensors to expose the contents to the sonic pulses. The control unit is operatively connected to the contents sensor unit. The control unit is configured to receive the signal communicating the state of the contents and to compare the state of the contents with a desired state of the contents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the detection and adsorption of arsenic from ground water and industrial waste water using lanthanide doped nanoparticles. More particularly, the present invention provides a process for the detection and adsorption arsenic in ppm level using Eu0.05Y0.95PO4 nanoparticles.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system and method for applying a prediction of permeability of shale gas in porous media at different pressure conditions to a shale gas production. The method uses a molecular model that accounts for slippage and adsorption effects under the different pressure conditions including simulated gas flows in a large computational domain representing a sample of shale rock. This system and method provides a computationally efficient processing to determine permeability variations of shale gas with the different pressure conditions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for determining down-hole the composition of natural gas from a formation. Some methods include downhole measurements of the near-infrared spectra and the Joule-Thomson coefficient of the gas, and processing the results of the downhole measurements in order to obtain a determination of the amounts of a plurality of natural gas components such as CH4, C2H6, CO2, N2, and H2S.

Abstract: There is described herein methods and systems for comparing an engine fluid signature of a first engine with engine fluid signatures of other engines of a same engine family. A delta signature is obtained via the comparison and delta signatures below a given threshold are considered similar. Historical data for each engine having a similar signature may then be used to determine the condition and the future states of the first engine.

Abstract: A contact structure body for use in a measuring device. The contact structure includes a separator that physically separates a sample holder from a measuring circuit, and a contact probe configured to electrically connect an electrode of the sample holder to the measuring circuit, the contact probe comprising. The contact structure body may be part of a system for determining a characteristic of a sample. The system includes a sample holder for holding sample. The sample holder includes an electrode. The system also includes a measuring circuit for measuring at least one property of the sample.

Abstract: An electrically conductive nanoscale pore may be employed as an antenna to provide precise localized measurements of the impedance-altering characteristics of a molecule such as DNA or RNA or the like passing through the pore. The use of radiofrequency measurements promises high-speed analysis of long molecules (polymers).

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring physical properties of a sample material having a body comprising a chamber adapted to receive a sample material and a transducer electrically connected to a circuit. The transducer is arranged on the body of the device to contact the body such that the body is able to transmit vibrations between the sample material and the transducer. A drive unit is electrically connectable to the circuit to measure physical properties of the sample material.

Abstract: A method for measuring ammonia in a blood sample may involve positioning the blood sample in proximity with an ammonia gas sensor, generating a current with the ammonia gas sensor in response to ammonia gas released from the blood sample, and measuring the current generated by the ammonia gas sensor, using a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. A device for measuring an ammonia level in a blood sample may include a blood sample containment member, an ammonia gas sensor coupled with the blood sample containment member, and a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. The method and device may be used to measure an ammonia level in a blood sample as small as one drop of blood, or approximately 0.05 mL of blood.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for breath test of a person. It includes a sensor unit configured to sense the presence/concentration of a volatile substance, e.g. alcohol, present in air flowing through a predefined inlet area and generating a signal corresponding to the concentration of said substance. An analyzer determines the concentration of said substance in the breath of said person. It comprises means for the temporary interruption of said air flow at a point in time coinciding with the detection of a breath. It also relates to a method comprising interrupting the flow through said predefined area for a predetermined period of time, and detecting the concentration of said substance during said interruption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining whether a candidate human transplant donor is at risk of inducing acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) in a human transplant recipient, which may in turn allow the selection of a donor exhibiting no risk for the recipient. The present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the immunosuppressive treatment administered to a human transplanted recipient following its graft transplantation after having performing the method for determining risk of the invention. The methods comprise expanding the candidate donor's iNKT cells (invariant NKT cells) and determining the presence or absence of expansion of the CD4(?) iNKT cell sub-population. In particular, CD3+CD4? TCRV[alpha]24V[beta]11 cells are determined. Kits are disclosed.

Abstract: A sample analyzer prepares a measurement sample from a blood sample or a body fluid sample which differs from the blood sample; measures the prepared measurement sample; obtains characteristic information representing characteristics of the components in the measurement sample; sets either a blood measurement mode for measuring the blood sample, or a body fluid measurement mode for measuring the body fluid sample as an operating mode; and measures the measurement sample prepared from the blood sample by executing operations in the blood measurement mode when the blood measurement mode has been set, and measuring the measurement sample prepared from the body fluid sample by executing operations in the body fluid measurement mode that differs from the operations in the blood measurement mode when the body fluid measurement mode has been set, is disclosed. A computer program product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an immunochromatographic test strip and a detection method using immunochromatography avoiding aggregation of colloidal gold conjugates while red blood cells in whole blood are agglutinated and then separated and removed in the case of using polybrene as a blood-agglutinating agent and the colloidal gold conjugates as a detection reagent. To solve the problem, the present inventers reviewed a past reagent configuration itself from a completely different viewpoint rather than selecting type and amount of polyanions and, as a result of extensive study on each element, the inventers surprisingly found that aggregation of colloidal gold can be suppressed by using a certain buffer solution without using neutralization by polyanions.

Abstract: A method of determining the structure of a molecule can include labeling a first location on the molecule with a first DNA strand, and measuring a force-time waveform using the twisting of a T-shaped atomic force microscope cantilever scanning across the molecule. The cantilever can include a DNA probe having a first region that is complimentary to the first DNA strand.

Abstract: There is provided a method of detecting an analyte in a sample. The method is based on colorimetry and also on the binding affinity between the analyte and a chemical substrate which may be a recognition receptor thereof. The method involves a support and a colored carrier. A kit for use in the detection is also provided.

Abstract: A detection method (200) detects analytes in a fluid sample. The detection method includes transporting magnetic and/or electric labels (5) after interaction between the sample fluid and a reagent towards a detection receptacle (1). The detection receptacle (1) is initially substantially magnetic and/or electric label (5) free. By transporting the magnetic and/or electric labels (5) after reaction, interference between unreacted reagents and magnetic and/or electric label-assisted detection can be reduced.