Abstract: A ceramic electronic component that includes a ceramic insulator and a terminal electrode on a surface of the ceramic insulator. The ceramic insulator contains a crystalline material and an amorphous material. The terminal electrode contains a metal and an oxide. The crystalline material and the oxide contain, in common, at least one type of a metal element. An adjacent region in the ceramic insulator which surrounds the terminal electrode and has a thickness of 5 ?m is higher in concentration of the metal element than a remote region which is distant from the terminal electrode by 100 ?m and has a thickness of 5 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a shaped body that contains at least 85 vol. % crystalline silicon carbide and at most 15 vol. % silicon, comprising the following steps: a) providing a powdered mixture that contains at least 60 vol. % amorphous silicon carbide and at most 40 vol. % silicon having a crystallite size of 3-50 nm; b) shaping the mixture by b1) hot pressing, or b2) compacting at room temperature and subsequent sintering or hot pressing, wherein the sintering or hot pressing is carried out in an inert gas or vacuum at a temperature of at least 1400° C. The volume ratio SiC:Si in the powdered mixture is 95:5-99:1.

Abstract: Resins for 3D printing of a preceramic composition loaded with a solid polymer filler, followed by converting the preceramic composition to a 3D-printed ceramic material, are described. Some variations provide a preceramic composition containing a radiation-curable liquid resin formulation and a solid polymer filler dispersed within the liquid resin formulation. The liquid resin formulation is compatible with stereolithography, UV curing, and/or 3D printing. The solid polymer filler may be an organic polymer, an inorganic polymer, or a combination thereof. The solid polymer filler may itself be an inorganic preceramic polymer, which may have the same composition as a polymerized variant of the liquid resin formulation, or a different composition. Many compositions are disclosed as options for the liquid resin formulation and the solid polymer filler.

Abstract: A sintered material includes cubic boron nitride grains and a binder, a grain size D50 of the cubic boron nitride grains when a cumulative value of the cubic boron nitride grains is 50% in an area-based grain size distribution being more than 0.5 ?m and less than or equal to 5 ?m, more than or equal to 70 volume % and less than or equal to 98 volume % of the cubic boron nitride grains being included in the sintered material, the binder being composed of A1-xCrxN, where 0?x?1, and a remainder, the remainder being composed of at least one of a first element and a compound including the first element and a second element, the first element being one or more elements selected from a group consisting of W, Co, Ni, Mo, Al, and Cr, the second element being one or more elements selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and boron.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a molybdenum silicide based composition comprising aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and to the use thereof in high temperature applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for producing silica aerogel in pure and flexible sheet form having effective suppression of radiative heat transport at high temperatures and increased thermal insulation property. The suppression of radiative heat transport was achieved by in-situ production of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in very minor concentrations during gelation of silica precursor, with nanoporous surface area more than 300 m2/g and acts as an infra red reflecting agent. When aerogel is subjected to heat during hot object insulation, it automatically turn into infra red reflecting material. Said silica aerogel can be incorporated into the inorganic fibre mat matrix individually or into two or more layers with organic sponge sheet placed in between and stitched together to form a sandwich sheet to form highly insulating flexible sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a sink comprising: cutting out material that will constitute a bottom of the sink; making a hole for a drain in the bottom of the sink; supporting the edges of the bottom of the sink on a flat support and applying a mechanical force on the rim of the hole for the drain in the bottom of the sink; subjecting the bottom of the sink to a gradual and stepwise heating such that the mechanical force applied deforms said surface; cooling a flat slab; placing additional flat slabs around the first slab, on the sides thereof, to constitute the sides of the sink; externally coating the assembly made with a reinforcement comprising resins, glass fiber, mineral fillers, etc.; and bonding the upper part of the assembly made with the countertop where the sink is located.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copper ceramic substrate incorporating a ceramic carrier, and a copper layer joined to a surface of the ceramic carrier, wherein the copper layer incorporates at least one first layer, which faces the ceramic carrier and has an average first grain size, and a second layer, which is arranged on the face of the copper layer facing away from the ceramic carrier and has an average second grain size, the second grain size being smaller than the first grain size.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing a ceramic substrate bonded with a metal foil. Moreover, described is a metal-ceramic-substrate provided with a thick-film layer and the use of a thick-film paste for bonding a metal foil onto a ceramic substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic liquid having a high nitrate content suitable for organically cultivating plants on a substrate, the organic liquid or plant nutrition thus produced, and use of the organic liquid or plant nutrition in a method for organically producing plants on a substrate. The method comprises a) contacting a solution comprising proteins and/or amino acids as a source of organic nitrogen and a liquid with ammonification bacteria to convert organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4+) and b) contacting the solution with nitrifying bacteria to convert ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3?).

Abstract: A crystalline composition including an energetic material and hydrogen peroxide, both having observable electron density in a crystal structure of the composition, is provided. Methods of making the crystalline composition are also provided.

Abstract: A combustible element includes regions of fuel material interspersed with regions of oxidizer material. The element may be made by additive manufacturing processes, such as three-dimensional printing, with the fuel material regions and the oxidizer material regions placed in appropriate locations in layer of the combustible element. For example, different extruders may be used to extrude and deposit portions of a fuel filament and an oxidizer filament at different locations in each layer of the combustible element. The combustible element may define a combustion chamber within the element, where combustion occurs when the combustible element is ignited. The fuel material and the oxidizer material may be selected, and their relative amounts may be controlled, such that desired relative amounts of fuel and oxidizer are present for combustion with desired characteristics, such as combustion rate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the purification of complexed 227Th from a mixture comprising complexed 227Th and 223Ra (complexed or in solution), said method comprising: i) preparing a first solution comprising a mixture of complexed 227Th ions and 223Ra ions in a first aqueous buffer; ii) loading said first solution onto a separation material; iii) eluting complexed 227Th from said separation material whereby to generate a second solution comprising complexed 227Th; iv) Optionally rinsing said separation material using a first aqueous washing medium; The invention additionally provides a purified 227Th solution, a pharmaceutical product and its use in treatment of disease such as cancer and a kit for generation of such a product.

Abstract: A method for the production of hydrocarbon(s), such as methane, substituted hydrocarbons, such as methanol, or the production of hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of contacting a first catalyst with water in order to photocatalyse the splitting of at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen; and contacting a second catalyst with a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and at least some of the hydrogen produced from step (a) in order to photocatalyse the reaction between the hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce hydrocarbon(s), such as methane, and/or substituted hydrocarbons, such as methanol. In an embodiment, the catalyst comprises gold and or ruthenium nanoclusters supported on a substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of flushing a reactor used in the production of linear alpha olefins, including flushing reactor equipment with toluene from a solvent source, wherein the reactor contains by-products from the production of the linear alpha olefins, wherein the by-products include a polymeric material. The flushed toluene containing polymeric material is directed into a separation train containing the linear alpha olefins, wherein the polymeric material is soluble in at least one of the linear alpha olefins. The linear alpha olefins can be separated from the toluene and the toluene is recycled to the solvent source.

Abstract: A process for producing alpha-olefin dimers comprises contacting, at a temperature of 80° C.

Abstract: A process for producing naphthalene or methylnaphthalenes from an alkane-containing stream. In an embodiment, the produce includes providing an alkane-containing feed stream to a reactor, and contacting the ethane-containing stream with an aromatization catalyst within the reactor. The aromatization catalyst comprises molecular sieve, and a dehydrogenation component. In addition, the process includes producing a reactor effluent stream from the reactor, and separating a product stream from the reactor effluent stream. The product stream comprises at least one or both of naphthalene and methylnaphthalene.

Abstract: We provide a process, comprising: a. dehydrogenating natural gas liquid to produce a mixture comprising olefins and unconverted paraffins; b. without further purification or modification other than mixing with an isoparaffin, sending the mixture to a single alkylation reactor; c. alkylating the olefins with the isoparaffin, using an ionic liquid catalyst, to produce one or more alkylate products; and d. distilling the one or more alkylate products and collecting a bottoms distillation fraction that is a middle distillate blending component having a sulfur level of 50 wppm or less and a Bromine number less than 1.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process to prepare propylene from a mixture of hydrocarbons by performing the following steps. (a) extracting aromatics from the mixture of hydrocarbons thereby obtaining a mixture of hydrocarbons poor in aromatics, (b) contacting the mixture obtained in step (a) with a heterogeneous cracking catalyst as present in a fixed bed thereby obtaining a cracked effluent, (c) separating propylene from the cracked effluent thereby also obtaining a higher boiling fraction, (d) recycling part of the higher boiling fraction to step (b) and at least 5 wt % of the higher boiling fraction to step (a). (FIG.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the integration of an alkylation unit for use in a hydrocarbon conversion process. More specifically, the present invention relates to the integration of a dehydrogenation unit and an alkylation unit and the placement of different isomerization units located off the deisobutanizer and the debutanizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heavy desorbent and light desorbent aromatics complex flow scheme. More particularly, this invention relates to the integration of a dual raffinate para-xylene separation process with two isomerization zones. The first isomerization zone is a liquid phase isomerization zone and the second isomerization zone is either an ethylbenzene isomerization zone, or an isomerization zone using MAPSO-31.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising i) a catalyst, in oxidic form, metals M1, M2, M3 and M4, wherein: M1 is selected from Si, Al, Zr, and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from Pt, Cr, and mixtures thereof; M3 is selected from W, Mo, Re and mixtures thereof; M4 is selected from Sn, K, Y, Yb and mixtures thereof; and ii) a hydrogen scavenger selected from at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal derivative, preferably in metallic, hydride, salt, complex or alloy form; as well as a hydrocarbon conversion process utilizing this catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing hexene, comprising: passing a feed stream comprising C1 to C24 hydrocarbons and water through a distillation column; wherein the feed stream comprises greater than or equal to 0.1 wt. % water; distributing a light fraction comprising C4-C6 hydrocarbons and water to a top portion of the distillation column; distributing a heavy fraction comprising C8-C12 hydrocarbons to a bottom portion of the distillation column; and withdrawing a top product comprising hexene from the distillation column.

Abstract: The present invention relates, at least in part, to a process for making chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFO-1113) from 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a). In certain aspects, the process includes dehydrochlorinating 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more metal halides; (ii) one or more halogenated metal oxides; (iii) one or more zero-valent metals or metal alloys; (iv) combinations thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a method of efficiently manufacturing purified 1224yd containing 1224yd at a high concentration from a mixture containing 1224yd and a compound that forms an azeotropic composition or an azeotropic-like composition with 1224yd. A manufacturing method of purified 1224yd, includes making a first mixture of 1224yd and a compound (X1) forming an azeotropic composition or an azeotropic-like composition with 1224yd to be brought into contact with a first extraction solvent to obtain purified 1224yd not substantially containing the compound (X1).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for purifying 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234yf) from a first composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene and at least one of the compounds chosen from the group consisting of 1,1-difluoroethane (152a), chloropentafluoroethane (115), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E) said method comprising the steps consisting of: a) bringing said first composition into contact with at least one organic extractant in order to form a second composition; b) extractive distillation of said second composition in order to form (i) a third composition comprising said organic extractant and said at least one of the compounds chosen from the group consisting of 1,1-difluoroethane (152a) chloropentafluoroethane (115), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E); and ii) a stream comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene. The invention also concerns a method for producing and purifying 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene.

Abstract: Compounds with fire extinguishing properties having the formula: wherein R1 is —CR5R6R7 or —CR5R6CR8R9R10 as well as fire extinguishing units including one or more of the compounds.

Abstract: Novel biaromatic compounds, which are vitamin D analogs, processes for their preparation and cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical preparations containing one or more of these compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for preparing a phenolic compound comprising reacting a furanic compound with a dienophile in the presence of a catalyst comprising yttrium.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of formulae provided herein. The compounds may include pathway-preferential estrogens (PaPEs) derivatives with tissue-selective activities. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, as well as methods of treating a disease or condition including administering the compounds. The disease or condition may include postmenopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, stroke, vascular disease, bone disease, metabolic disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, vasomotor/hot flush, cognitive decline, cancer including breast cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules.

Abstract: A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonisation reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonisation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process and apparatus for removing aldehydes from acetone. More specifically, the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for removing aldehydes from acetone by reacting the aldehydes with caustic in an acetone column and washing the organic phase with a plurality of water streams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the process for production of ketones from secondary alcohols by the use of a hybrid material, formed by the dichlorohydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane iron (II) complex covalently bound to multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with superficial carboxylate groups, as efficient and selective catalyst of peroxidative oxidation, microwave-assisted and without solvent addition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions which may undergo thermolysis to produce a higher purity acrylic acid product. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the compositions comprise polypropiolactone and one or more active salts. The one or more active salts may catalyze thermolysis of the polypropiolactone so that the polymer depolymerizes into acrylic acid monomers. Certain concentrations of the one or more active salts result in higher purity acrylic acid products of thermolysis. In certain preferred embodiments, the one or more active salts include an acrylate group which may decompose under thermolysis to provide acrylic acid and thus decrease the concentration of undesirable contaminants in the acrylic acid product. In certain preferred embodiment, the one or more active salts comprise sodium acrylate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a method for measuring the concentration of one or more components in a feed stream or reactor mixture of a process for producing acetic acid by both infrared and Raman spectroscopic analyses. In some embodiments, at least one feed stream comprising water is adjusted in response to the measured concentration of one or more components.

Abstract: A method of making polymers utilizes cyclobutane-1,3-diacid (CBDA) molecules as polymer building blocks includes and linker molecules with a non-reactive R group and at least two reactive X groups used to create chemically stable polymers of CBDA. The resulting polymers are thermally, photochemically, and chemically stable.

Abstract: A process for preparing bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, comprising a step of: subjecting ethylene oxide and terephthalic acid in a molar ratio of from 2:1 to 3:1 to a reaction at an elevated temperature in the presence of a solvent mixture containing water and a C6-C8 hydrocarbon in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 3:1.

Abstract: A process for continuously preparing the tert-butyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, by a) reacting an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with isobutene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixture; b) removing the acidic catalyst; c) removing low-boiling components; and d) supplying a tert-butyl ester-comprising liquid to a distillation apparatus and subjecting it to purifying distillation in the distillation apparatus, where d1) in the distillation apparatus the tert-butyl ester-comprising liquid is separated into a tert-butyl ester-comprising gaseous top product and a carboxylic acid-comprising liquid bottom product; d2) the tert-butyl ester-comprising gaseous top product is at least partly condensed and the condensate is recycled partly as reflux to the distillation apparatus; d3) the carboxylic acid-comprising liquid bottom product is recycled at least partly to step a); d4) carboxylic acid-comprising liquid bottom product is drawn off and passed to

Abstract: Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Such conditions may be caused by disease, be symptoms, treatments, or sequelae of disease. The phorbol esters described are particularly useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases and/or managing the side effects of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatments of neoplastic diseases.

Abstract: Metabolism-resistant fenfluramine analogs are provided. The subject fenfluramine analogs find use in the treatment of a variety of diseases. For example, methods of treating epilepsy by administering a fenfluramine analog to a subject in need thereof are provided. Also provided are methods of suppressing appetite in a subject in need thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthesis method for at least one nitrogen compound belonging to the family of partly N-hydroxyethylated tertiary 1,6-hexanediamines with general formula (I) as follows: wherein radicals R1, R2, R3 are each selected indiscriminately among a methyl radical and a hydroxyethyl radical, and at least one radical among R1, R2, R3 is a methyl radical, comprising at least a first reaction between a first halogen atom-free precursor compound and a second halogen atom-free precursor compound. The first precursor compound comprises a carbon skeleton consisting of a linear sequence of 6 carbon atoms with the 4 central carbon atoms bonded each to 2 hydrogen atoms and the carbon atoms in alpha and omega position not bonded to a halogen atom.

Abstract: This invention provides for a compound of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RA, RB, R2 and R4 are defined herein. The compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are cationic lipids useful in the delivery of biologically active agents to cells and tissues.

Abstract: Highly efficient methods for synthesis of levomethadone hydrochloride or dextromethadone hydrochloride are provided starting from D-alanine, or L-alanine, respectively, with retention of configuration. Methods for treating a subject are provided comprising administering a composition comprising an effective amount of levomethadone hydrochloride having not more than 10 ppm dextromethadone.

Abstract: It is provided a compound of formula (I?); wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OM, —COOM, —NH2, —SO3M, (C1-C4)alkyl, and halogen; and A is a radical having at least 3 C atoms selected from the group consisting of: i) a radical of formula (i) wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of —OM, and —COOM, and n is 0, 1 or 2; and ii) a radical of formula (ii) or of formula (iii) wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of —H, (C1-C4)alkyl; and wherein M is independently selected from the group consisting of H, an alkaly metal, and NH4+. It is also provided a process for the preparation thereof, a composition comprising it, and its use for correcting deficiencies of metals in plants.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) recovering alkylamine from an aqueous solution of an alkali hydroxide hydrolysis of the mixed amide derivatives by distilling or by extracting with an extractant solvent; (2) cooling the aqueous solution of step (1) to precipitate a mixed alkali salts of long chain amino acid and dibasic acid; (3) recovering the mixed alkali salts of long chain amino acid and dibasic acid to provide a mother liquor; (4) separating long chain amino acid and dibasic acid by acidification-extraction of long chain dibasic acid with an extractant solvent or by selective dissolution of alkali salt of long chain amino acid in an aqueous solvent; and (4) adding an acid to the mother liquor of step (3) to obtain alkanoic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain dibasic acid and fatty acid, comprising: (1) reacting a mixture of long chain dibasic acid and fatty acid with ammonium hydroxide to form an insoluble ammonium salt of fatty acid and a soluble ammonium salt of long chain dibasic acid; (2) recovering the insoluble ammonium salt of fatty acid; and (3) adding an acid to the mother liquor of step (2) to obtain the long chain dibasic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound represented by Structural Formula (A): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The variables for Structural Formula (A) are defined herein. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Structural Formula (A) and its therapeutic use.

Abstract: The invention provides small molecule drugs that are chemically modified by covalent attachment of a water-soluble oligomer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to reactor systems and processes for producing acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile derivatives. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the processes comprise the following steps: introducing an epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent to at least one reaction vessel through at least one feed stream inlet; contacting the epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent with a carbonylation catalyst to produce a beta-lactone intermediate; polymerizing the beta-lactone intermediate with an initiator in the presence of a metal cation to produce a polylactone product; heating the polylactone product under thermolysis conditions to produce an organic acid product; optionally esterifying the organic acid product to produce one or more ester products; and reacting the organic acid product and/or ester product with an ammonia reagent under ammoxidation conditions to produce an acrylonitrile product.