Abstract: A current value of a state-of-motion from a second controller can be received by a first controller. The first controller determines a subset of a target value of the state-of-motion to be achieved by a subsystem and transmits a command to a third controller in communication with the subsystem to achieve the subset of the target value of the state-of-motion. The third controller commands the subsystem to approach the subset of the target value of the state-of-motion.

Abstract: A parking-assist system suitable for use on an automated vehicle includes a radar sensor and a controller. The radar-sensor detects a first-vehicle and a second-vehicle adjacent to a travel-path of a host-vehicle. A distance between the first-vehicle and the second-vehicle defines a parking-space. The controller is in communication with the radar-sensor. The controller determines the distance before the host-vehicle enters a zone of the travel-path adjacent to the parking-space. The zone has a length determined by the distance, and the controller determines when the parking-space is large enough to accommodate the host-vehicle based on the distance.

Abstract: A method of moving a vehicle from a start position to end position when the end position cannot be detected by the vehicle's built-in sensors involves determining the start position by a mobile terminal or by the vehicle and determining the end position by the mobile terminal. A driving trajectory of the vehicle is planned within the vehicle, a driving maneuver of the vehicle is initiated by the vehicle or the mobile terminal, and the planned driving maneuver is carried out to reach the end position.

Abstract: Described herein is an electronic control unit in an autonomous vehicle. The electronic control unit may comprise: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor may be configured to: detect a first obstacle; determine first data related to the first obstacle; transmit the first data to a data aggregation service; receive, from the data aggregation service, second data related to a second obstacle; create a notification of the second obstacle; and deliver the notification to an interior of the autonomous vehicle.

Abstract: A drive control system for a front- and rear-wheel drive vehicle is provided. The drive control system is installed on the front- and rear-wheel drive vehicle, which is a two-wheeler equipped with a front wheel and a rear wheel both serving as driving wheels, one of which is a steered wheel. When the vehicle is banking, the drive control system performs control of decreasing target driving torque of the steered wheel according to an amount of accelerator operation during acceleration operation of a driver compared to when the vehicle is running upright.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle control system includes a sensing system, a remote vehicle determination system and a controller. The sensing system is disposed on a host vehicle and is configured to sense a visual condition of a driver of the host vehicle. The remote vehicle determination system is disposed on the host vehicle, and is configured to determine a position of a remote vehicle in an area adjacent the host vehicle. The controller is configured to control the autonomous vehicle control system to move the host vehicle relative to a lane marker based on the visual condition and the position of a remote vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exemplary method for optimizing vehicle performance. The method includes determining an optimized drive torque for maximizing vehicle fuel economy and detecting a driver requested drive torque. A determination is made on whether the driver requested drive torque is performance related or safety related. The arbitrated drive torque is set to the optimized drive torque when it is determined that the driver requested drive torque is not performance and safety related. The arbitrated drive torque is set to the driver requested drive torque when it is determined that the driver requested drive torque is either performance or safety related.

Abstract: A method, including: detecting a distance between a vehicle and an object. The method also includes determining, based on the distance between the vehicle and the object, that a path of travel of the vehicle presents a risk of collision between the vehicle and the object. The method also includes causing at least one of a wheel angle, a vehicle drivetrain, and vehicle braking to be changed to reduce the risk of collision.

Abstract: There are provided systems and methods for vehicle use and performance restrictions based on detected users. A user may check-in to a vehicle so that the vehicle identifies the user, such as through providing identification to the vehicle using biometrics, logins, or other information. Using the identification, the vehicle may determine parameters and restrictions on use of the vehicle by the user. Parameters may include information about the user, such as age, health, or other statistic stored with the identification for the user, and may be utilized to determine restrictions on use of the vehicle by the user, such as a speed of the vehicle and passengers allowed in the vehicle. Restrictions may also be set for the user, including speeds of travel, routes of travel, and usage of media players in the vehicle. The usage of the vehicle may be monitored and enforced using the restrictions.

Abstract: To make a notification to the driver so that the driver can distinguish or recognize the notification. A vehicle notification device (1a) inputs a first sweep signal whose frequency is changed in a predetermined frequency range, to a vibrator (4), calculates frequency characteristics of a vibration in the vehicle interior, detects a frequency range in which the signal level of vehicle-travel-time frequency characteristics is higher than the signal level of vehicle-stop-time frequency characteristics by a predetermined level amount or more, generates a second sweep signal whose frequency is changed in a range obtained by excluding the detected frequency range from the predetermined frequency range of the first sweep signal, and outputs the second sweep signal from the vibrator (4).

Abstract: Motorized carriage (1) that is able to move in translation along a longitudinal axis (X) along a horizontal rail, said carriage (1) comprising at least one wheel (4), in particular of the friction wheel type, that is driven in rotation by an electric motor (5) and is mounted so as to pivot about a transverse axis (Y) on a holder (3) which carries said motor (5), said carriage (1) comprising a chassis (2) incorporating guide means (23, 24) mounted so as to slide on the chassis (2) along a vertical axis (Z) orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (X) and transverse axis (Y) and cooperating with elastic stressing means (25, 26) that are designed to move the guide means (23, 24) in the direction of the rail, where the holder (3) is in sliding contact with said guide means (23, 24) along the longitudinal axis (X) and vertical axis (Z), this sliding contact being designed to convert a movement of the holder (3) along the longitudinal axis (X) into a concurrent movement of the holder (3) along the vertical axis (Z) in t

Abstract: An anti-pollution-flashover locomotive roof composite insulator, comprising: a support body, and several groups of sheds arranged side by side along the axial direction that are set around the sidewall of the support body, wherein the sheds protrude out of the sidewall of the support body along the radial direction, the upper end of the uppermost shed is set with an upper metal fitting, and the lower end of the lowermost shed is set with a lower metal fitting. The creepage distance of the sheds between the upper metal fitting and the lower metal fitting is 1085 mm-1095 mm, and the arcing distance between the upper metal fitting and the lower metal fitting is 245 mm-255 mm.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for worker protection. The worker protection systems comprise a plurality of alert devices, comprising one or more wearable personal alert devices, each worn by a person (e.g., worker), and one or more companion alert devices that broadcast alerts or signals triggering alerts. The companion alert devices comprise vehicle-mounted alert devices, configured for operation on vehicles (e.g., trains), and wayside detection units, configured for placement on or near paths of the vehicles. The wayside detection units may be operable to autonomously detect and track the vehicles.

Abstract: A rail warning system using wireless portable transmitters/receivers is described. The rail warning system uses a chirp spread spectrum modulation scheme, and alerts personnel in work zones on or near train tracks as well as optionally, on track equipment and train operators, of approaching trains or on track equipment. Portable wayside devices may also be positioned on the rail web, optionally magnetically, to alert work personnel, allowing for secure placement but also portability to other locations on the same track or adjacent tracks.

Abstract: The Automated Wayside Asset Monitoring system utilizes a camera-based optical imaging device and an image database to provide intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance of environmental geographical information pertaining to railway transportation. Various components of the Automated Wayside Asset Monitoring system can provide features and functions that can facilitate the operation and improve the safety of transportation via a railway vehicle.

Abstract: A mobile cart for use in virtual reality and monitor-based multi-participant experiences, DJ configurations, karaoke and audio uses incorporating vertical supports extending from the housing, supporting fixed, pivotal or rotative booms radially extending from the housing serving as supports for equipment such as microphones, positional sensors, head mounted displays, and retractable tethers performing cable management by holding one or more equipment cables above a user's head to prevent user cable-entanglement, such as, when using head mounted displays.

Abstract: A holder accessory for a handlebar of a shopping cart is provided that includes a platform and two securing members that are attachable around and aligned with a horizontal cart push bar portion and a cart transverse portion of the shopping cart handlebar. The transverse securing member provides cantilevered support for the platform, while the push bar securing member is angularly offset from and generally oriented perpendicularly from the push bar securing member to provide support against lateral forces. A stem extends from the underside of the platform to the transverse securing member to hold the platform at a suitable angle for use. Optionally, but preferably, the platform includes a lower ledge upon which a mobile phone, paper, or pen may be rested and an upper retention member to temporarily hold or fasten paper to the platform.

Abstract: A steering wheel decorative member configured to be mounted on a resin member covering a periphery of a ring core of a steering wheel. An adhesion region in which the decorative member is adhered to the resin member is provided so that a width of the adhesion region is reduced from a central portion on a back surface facing the resin member toward a circumferential end portion.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus that enables implementation of a desired steering torque without being affected by a state of a road surface by controlling a steering torque so as to become a value corresponding a steering angle and a steering angular velocity. The apparatus includes a SAT compensation value calculating section that calculates a SAT compensation value based on a SAT value; and a steering reaction compensation value calculating section that calculates a steering reaction compensation value based on the SAT compensation value, a steering angle and a steering angular velocity, and corrects the current command value by the steering reaction compensation value. Further, an electric power steering apparatus controls a twist angle of a torsion bar so as to follow a value corresponding to a steered angle.

Abstract: When a steering intervention of the driver is performed during automated steering control, a driver assistance system for a vehicle determines a P control amount based on a non-linear characteristics and calculates an I control amount using a coefficient according to a characteristics (solid line). In an angle difference range R1, the P control amount based on the non-linear characteristics is determined such that the amount of increase of absolute value of the P control amount with respect to the amount of increase of absolute value of the angle difference becomes smaller as compared to a linear characteristics. The coefficient with the characteristics (solid line) indicates 1 in the angle difference range R1, and approaches zero when the absolute value of the angle difference is greater in an angle difference range R2. To calculate the I control amount, the coefficient is multiplied by the current value of the angle difference.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus including a torque sensor to detect a steering torque and a motor control unit to control a motor that applies an assist torque to a steering system of a vehicle, including a function to switch a control system of the motor between a torque control system to control a motor output torque and a position/speed control system to control a steering angle of a steering in accordance with a predetermined switching trigger, such that a fade processing switches from the torque control system to the position/speed control system or vice versa.

Abstract: A steering system is described for a vehicle having steerable wheels. A hydraulic charge pressure circuit may be configured to provide charge pressure to one or more hydraulic components of the vehicle and a hydraulic drive pressure circuit may be configured to provide working pressure to one or more other hydraulic components of the vehicle. Hydraulic machines may rotate front wheels in order to drive the vehicle, and a front valve assembly may control steering of the front wheels by controlling the hydraulic machines. The hydraulic machines may be driven to rotate the front wheels by the working pressure from the hydraulic drive pressure circuit, and the front valve assembly may control the front hydraulic machines to steer the agricultural vehicle by controlling flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic charge pressure circuit through the front valve assembly.

Abstract: A vehicle traveling control apparatus includes a setter, a detector, and a determiner. The setter sets a lane-change route through which an own vehicle change lanes from a current target route to an adjacent lane. The detector detects a road surface pattern by irregularities on a road to which a lane change is to be made. The determiner determines whether the own vehicle interferes with the road surface pattern, and instructs correction of the set lane-change route based on a result of the determination. When there is not the interference, the determiner permits the lane change through the lane-change route. When there is the interference, the determiner instructs the setter to correct the lane-change route. The determiner permits the lane change through the corrected lane-change route when there is not the interference on the corrected lane-change route, and prohibits or cancels the lane change when there is still the interference.

Abstract: A steering system and method are described for a vehicle having steerable front and rear wheels. A rear hydraulic steering device may be coupled to one or more of the rear wheels. A rear valve assembly may hydraulically control the rear hydraulic steering device to steer the rear wheels based upon a rear steering command. In a rear steering assist mode, the rear steering command may be determined based upon a manual steering input received at a steering input device. In an automated steering mode, the rear steering command may be determined based upon a target path of the agricultural vehicle that is determined independently of the manual steering input.

Abstract: A lane keeping system for a vehicle includes a first roll angle sensor configured to provide a first signal indicative of dynamic vehicle body roll. A second roll angle sensor is configured to provide a second signal indicative of an angle between vehicle sprung and unsprung masses. A lane keeping system (LKS) controller is in communication with the first and second roll angle sensors. The LKS controller is configured to discern a vehicle roll angle in response to the first and second signals based upon effects of a lateral wind force on the vehicle. The LKS controller is configured to produce a correction in response to the determined lateral wind force effects to maintain the vehicle along a desired path.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a parking assist device includes a detector configured to detect a target parking position from a captured image obtained from an imager; a position identifier that identifies, during a period while the vehicle is moving after the captured image was displayed on the display device and before a captured image captured next by the imager is displayed, the target parking position with respect to a current position of the vehicle, based on a first moving amount by which the vehicle has moved since the captured image was displayed on the display device and on a positional relation between the vehicle and the target parking position at the time when the captured image was captured; and a parking assist unit that guides the vehicle during the period based on the identified target parking position when a request for guiding the vehicle to the target parking position is made.

Abstract: An arrangement of a rear axle module on a two-axle, two-track vehicle which is at least partially electrically driveable by an electric motor is provided in which a rear axle bracket designed for the fastening of wheel-guiding links of a rear axle and a housing for accommodating components for providing electrical energy together form the module, with the housing arranged in a front region of the rear axle module. The rear axle module includes bearing brackets by which the module is connected from below to the vehicle body, including two rear axle bracket bearings which are to the rear of the rear axle module with respect to the direction of travel, two central rear axle bracket bearings arranged in a central region of the rear axle module, and two front bearings arranged on the housing in the front region of the rear axle module.

Abstract: A front vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a hinge pillar, an apron reinforcement, a suspension housing, a side sill, and a connecting member which connects the apron reinforcement to the hinge pillar in a brace shape and connecting the apron reinforcement to a front portion of the side sill. The connecting member includes first and second bending portions which are positioned between a rear face portion and a side face portion and between a forward flange and the side face portion, respectively, and the apron reinforcement and the side sill are continuous to each other via at least one of the first and second bending portions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hood for a vehicle, the hood including an outer panel and an inner panel. The outer panel is made of a first composite material and has a multi-layered structure formed by stacking a plurality of reinforcing fiber layers arranged in a predetermined direction. The inner panel is made of a second composite material, has a multi-layered structure formed by stacking a plurality of reinforcing fiber layers in a predetermined direction, and is combined with the outer panel. The reinforcing fibers of at least a pair of reinforcing fiber layers facing each other of the outer panel and of the inner panel are arranged in the same direction and form a predetermined angle with a virtual line extending through both longitudinal ends of the outer panel or the inner panel.

Abstract: A plug for a body aperture in a vehicle body includes a base, a locating surface and a lip portion of the base. The base is shaped and sized to completely overlap the aperture. The locating surface is disposed on a first side of the base, extending substantially normal to the base. The locating surface is complementary in shape to the aperture for receipt thereby. The lip portion connects the locating surface with an outer perimeter of the base. A receiving groove is disposed in the lip portion.

Abstract: The present application relates to a vehicle (401). A first duct (457) having a first duct inlet (467) and a first duct outlet (469) is provided on a first lateral side of the vehicle (401). A second duct (457) having a second duct inlet (467) and a second duct outlet (469) is provided on a second lateral side of the vehicle (401). The first and second duct inlets (467) are arranged substantially in line with or inset from the respective first and second lateral sides of the vehicle (401). The first and second duct outlets (469) are disposed at or proximal to a rear of the vehicle (401) and arranged, in use, to direct respective first and second jets of air inwardly to control the lateral propagation of a wake formed behind the vehicle (401). Duct sidewalls are formed by surfaces of rear pillars of the vehicle (401).

Abstract: A rear structure of a vehicle includes: a rear lamp (6) provided at rear (1R) of the vehicle; and a rectifying member (3) extending from a center in a vehicle width direction to an outer side in a right and left direction. The rectifying member (3) includes an outer part (32) positioned on an outside in the vehicle width direction and a central part (31) positioned on the center in the vehicle width direction. The outer part (32) partitions the rear lamp (6) in a vertical direction of the vehicle, and an upper surface of the central part (31) extends further toward an upper side of the vehicle than the rear lamp (6) in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and related methods for holding and maneuvering an industrial vehicle spare tire include a tire support positioned on an industrial vehicle. An industrial vehicle tire is removably securable to the tire support, wherein the tire support has at least two independently adjustable threaded members for controlling engagement of the tire support and the industrial vehicle tire. A winch is positioned proximate to the gate of the industrial vehicle. At least one pulley is positioned above the tire support, wherein at least one winch cable is connected between the winch and the at least one pulley.

Abstract: A fixing system for a spare wheel for a motor vehicle of the type is provided with a housing for said spare wheel, said fixing system comprising a first element with a first threaded end, which can be fixed to a bottom wall of said housing, also comprising a clamping nut and a metal fixing screw which comprises a threaded shaft and is coupled with said clamping nut in order to constrain said spare wheel inside said housing.

Abstract: A device for supporting and moving a load within an area may include a motive construct configured to support the load and move the load to a ground location within the area; a lift mechanism coupled to the motive construct, the lift mechanism being configured to effect movement of the motive construct to a height relative to the ground location; and a remote controller operatively coupled to the device via at least one of a cable connection and a wireless connection, the remote controller being configured to steer the motive construct and/or to control the lift mechanism. The device may further include at least one sensor to detect a characteristic of the load. The device may further include a braking system.

Abstract: A crawler track includes a link and is driven in a direction of travel by a sprocket having a plurality of teeth. The link includes a pad, a first grouser, and a second grouser. The pad defines a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, a first end, and a second end spaced apart from the first end along the direction of travel. The pad defines at least one opening extending through the pad between the first surface and the second surface, and the opening is operable to receive a sprocket tooth. The first grouser is positioned on the first surface proximate the first end of the pad, while the second grouser is positioned on the first surface proximate the second end of the pad. The first grouser and the second grouser extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the track.

Abstract: An example implementation may involve receiving, by a robot comprising a first foot and a second foot, sensor data indicating that a force has been applied to a top surface of the first foot. The robot may have a trajectory, and the sensor data may be received from a sensor positioned on the top surface of the first foot. In response to receiving the sensor data, the robot may determine an updated trajectory for the robot and cause the second foot to swing such that the robot moves according to the updated trajectory.

Abstract: A modular cycle storage apparatus including at least one at least partially arcuate fixed trunk assembly extending upwardly from the mounting surface, at least one arcuate movable arm assembly mounted relative to the at least one fixed trunk assembly and movable relative thereto between an extended, lower position and a retracted, elevated position, and at least one lower arm assembly mounted relative to a lower portion of the at least one fixed trunk assembly and beneath the at least one arcuate movable arm assembly, each of the at least one arcuate movable arm assembly and the at least one lower arm assembly adapted to mount a cycle for at least temporary storage.

Abstract: A wheel telemetry system providing a set of riding information to a rider, while riding a bicycle, by measuring the acceleration of the wheel(s) of the bicycle with respect to one or more of the x-, y-, or z-axes is disclosed. The system features a wheel-mounted portion and a control unit in wireless communication. The wheel-mounted portion is attached to one or both bicycle wheels and comprises an accelerometer, pressure sensor, and/or temperature sensor as well as a programmable microcontroller. The accelerometer monitors the movement of the wheel(s) in one or more of the x-, y-, and z-planes. Accelerometer data, (and optionally the tire pressure data and/or the temperature data), is transmitted to the control unit for monitoring and/or data logging. Movement of a previously motionless bicycle may also be used to trigger an alarm when the control unit is not detected within a predetermined distance from the bicycle.

Abstract: A seat post having a quill head with a top surface, a lower cradle rotatable with respect to the top surface about an axis (X), and an upper cradle, reciprocally coupled for clamping the saddle rails (R) of a bicycle. The seat post includes front and rear fasteners connecting the upper cradle to the quill head, and front and rear pivots in which the front and rear fastener are respectively engaged in order to adjust the rails (R) angle with respect to the quill head. The quill head includes front and rear seats in which the pivots are respectively rotationally engaged, the axes (Y,Z) of the pivots being displaced substantially at a same distance (D) from the axis (X), regardless of rails (R) angle adjustment; the top surface has a convex shape, the lower cradle includes a lower concave seat suitable to engage the top surface.

Abstract: An inner fender includes a cover surface, a left projecting portion, and a right projecting portion. Under a condition that a body frame is in an upright state and that a left front wheel and a right front wheel are not turned, the left projecting portion projects forward from the cover surface behind a rear edge of the left front wheel; the right projecting portion projects forward from the cover surface behind a rear edge of the right front wheel; and a portion of the cover surface between the left projecting portion and the right projecting portion faces a space defined between the left front wheel and the right front wheel.

Abstract: A golf trike that has a slot between two storage compartments between its rear wheels. The slot fits and holds the front tire of a towed golf trike. A bag rack on the front golf trike articulates forward out of the way of the slot on the front trike to allow the front tire of the rear trike to fit into the slot. When the golf trike is not towing another trike the bag rack articulates rearward to hold a golf bag for routine play.

Abstract: An electrically assisted bicycle includes a crank shaft, pedals, an electric motor, a pedal effort sensor that detects a pedal effort exerted on the pedals, a propelling detection sensor that detects that the electrically assisted bicycle is starting to be propelled, and a controller that executes a first control in which a command value provided to the electric motor is obtained based on the output of the pedal effort sensor and a second control in which a command value provided to the electric motor is obtained based on the output of the pedal effort sensor and the output of the propelling detection sensor. The controller is configured or programmed to select the first control or the second control as a calculation method of a command value provided to the electric motor during a period of time from a state in which the electrically assisted bicycle is stopped until a detection of the rotation of the crank shaft.

Abstract: The electric bicycle described includes a fork assembly, a seat post, and a main frame including one or more structural members forming the main frame and includes a tube that is at least partially hollow and has an internal battery compartment integrally formed therein. The internal battery compartment adapted to receive a battery therein to power an electric motor of the bicycle. A distal end of the tube has an opening formed therein which communicates with the internal battery compartment. The battery is insertable into the internal battery compartment through the opening. The battery is securable in the internal battery compartment within the tube by at least one of the seat post and an extremity of the fork assembly.

Abstract: In a propulsion device including a main wheel having a plurality of driven rollers fitted on and arranged circumferentially along an annular core member so as to be rotatable around tangential lines of the annular core member at respective positions thereof on the annular core member, a pair of drive disks positioned on either side of the main wheel in an individually rotatable manner, a plurality of drive rollers supported along an outer periphery of each drive disk so as to be each rotatable around a rotational center line extending in a skewed relationship to a rotational center line of the corresponding drive disk, and a drive unit for individually rotatively driving the drive disks, a plurality of guide rollers are rotatably supported by a body frame and engage at least one driven roller not engaged by any of the drive rollers from either side.

Abstract: A watercraft can include a foil configured for movement between an undeployed position and a first deployed position in which the foil raises the relative position of the watercraft relative to the water line as the watercraft moves forward through the water, thereby facilitating planing of the watercraft. The foil can be configured for movement to a second deployed position in which the foil lowers the relative position of the stern end of the watercraft as the watercraft moves forward through the water, thereby modifying the wake produced by the watercraft.

Abstract: A cockpit covering system for a small boat comprises a tent or cover comprising a plurality of walls portions, each of the plurality of wall portions having a lower portion and wherein the tent is sized to extend over a recessed area of a cockpit and enclose an interior that extends from above deck height to below the height of a base layer. The base layer is attachable to the lower portion of each of the plurality of walls and positionable around the cockpit outer perimeter. A compressible gasket below the base layer rests on a deck of the small boat around the cockpit outer perimeter. A plurality of webbing straps extend from the outer perimeter of the boat to the cockpit outer perimeter and are attached to the tent covering system. Tension applied to the plurality of straps extending from the small boat outer perimeter to the cockpit outer perimeter compresses the compressible water and/or bug proofing layer to form a seal around the cockpit recessed area.

Abstract: A sustainable floating community based on a mass-produced modular, pre-fabricated kit of parts referred to as floating modular units. The floating modular units are designed to allow for various needs while remaining simple to deliver and assemble by hand in remote destinations prone to volatile shifts in water levels and currents. The floating modular units are ready to assemble, can be erected for use on land and bodies of water, are easily collapsible for transport, thereby serving as highly adaptable transportable structures.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a user-propelled device with no moving parts. The user places a single ski on each foot, the skis being independent from one-another. As the user strides the natural motion of his legs causes the skies to rise and fall with respect to the surface of the water. This rising and falling motion, and the resulting weight shift of the user, engages and disengages a plurality of paddles. Through this natural motion, the paddles are engaged when the foot is moving backward with respect to the user, and disengaged when moving forward with respect to the user. The result is forward motion with a natural gait, with automatic paddle engagement and disengagement.

Abstract: A boat propeller apparatus can be coupled to virtually any motor boat to cause the boat to safely and efficiently produce a surfable wake. The boat propeller apparatus can be configured to mount to the boat in a way that causes the apparatus to be positioned and secured behind but spaced from the propeller while the boat is moving forward. The apparatus will therefore be in the path of the propelled water and will function to divert the propelled water in such a way as to create a larger/taller wake than would otherwise be produced by the boat. The boat propeller apparatus can also function as a propeller shield and be used in conjunction with a propeller guard.