Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations, and more particularly to formulations containing cannabinoids for administration via a pump action spray. In particular, the invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations, for use in administration of lipophilic medicaments via mucosal surfaces, comprising: at least one lipophilic medicament, a solvent and a co-solvent, wherein the total amount of solvent and co-solvent present in the formulation is greater than 55% wt/wt of the formulation and the formulation is absent of a self emulsifying agent and/or a fluorinated propellant.

Abstract: A thermoplastic baling strip comprises an elongate band of thermoplastic material said elongate band having sufficient flexibility to be formed into a knot; the elongate band having an outer surface formed with a set of surface undulations extending along its main length. The plurality of surface undulations operate in use to grip a surface to which said strip surface contacts. The use of undulations extending along the length of the strip enable the strip to be reliably tied in a knot, without releasing or coming undone when transported. Complete bales can be fed into an incinerator without the need to remove the baling strip, which burns on incineration.

Abstract: A portable package carrying arrangement adapted and configured to carry a plurality of containers which is particularly applicable for use with canned items and/or items packaged in a container. The portable package carrying arrangement includes a panel portion and a handle portion. The panel portion includes a plurality of container flanges configured to releasably secure a plurality of containers to the panel portion.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a storage container that includes a shelf member holding a heat storage material arranged optimally. In a storage container that preserves an object at predetermined temperature, the storage container includes a storage room in which the object is preserved, and a shelf member disposed within the storage room, the shelf member including a flat portion on which the object is placed, and a heat storage material arranged to the flat portion in a way distributed depending on a temperature distribution near the flat portion within the storage room during steady operation. The heat storage material is arranged to be localized to a region of the flat portion at a relatively low-temperature side depending on the temperature distribution within the storage room.

Abstract: A fresh produce storage device has a pocket with an opening for receiving fresh produce. The pocket is formed, at least in part, from a composite sheet of material having at least one inner layer formed from a water permeable material, a central later formed from a water absorbent wadding, and an outer layer formed from a water permeable material.

Abstract: A container constructed from paperboard, card board stock, etc., includes at least one panel that is configured to be removed from the container. The panel is configured, for example, with a plurality of score lines, to enable the panel to transition from its primary configuration to a different, secondary configuration. The secondary configuration can form a handle, a stirrer or mixing stick, etc., for use with the contents of the packaging. The container can be included as part of a kit that is presented at a point of sale.

Abstract: A pill box which can be loaded by user with pills and which can dispense a particular desired pill or pills when the user presses or repeatedly presses a button of the pill box. The pill box includes a case defining a picking opening, a rotating member rotatably mounted in the case, and a thumb-operated pressing structure. The rotating member includes a ratchet wheel and a plurality of pill grips each containing a pill or pills. The pressing structure includes a sliding member slidably mounted to the case and a pawl abutting the ratchet wheel. The sliding member is slidable relative to the case and the pawl moves the ratchet wheel one click per thumbpress to rotate the ratchet wheel to align one of the plurality of pill grips with the picking opening for taking out the pill or pills.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an aerosol delivery device filling system. The system includes multiple source containers each respectively including a differing aerosol precursor composition. The system further includes a mixing container configured to engage the source containers to receive and mix the aerosol precursor compositions to form a mixed aerosol precursor composition. An aerosol delivery device may engage the mixing container to receive at least a portion of the mixed aerosol precursor composition. A related method for customizing an aerosol precursor composition is also provided.

Abstract: Cable retainers may include a panel having a pair of loop locks. The loop locks may engage each other to form a loop. The cable retainer may include a first and a second retention loop. Each retention loop may have a finger with a slot formed at a fold line of the finger. Each retention loop may also have a flap with a tab formed at a fold line of the flap. The finger and the flap of the first retention loop may be located directly across the panel from one another. The finger of the second retention loop may be located at a first end of the panel while the flap of the second retention loop may be located at a second end of the panel. The tabs and slots of each retention loop may interlock to form a rectangular cable passage. The cable retainer may be formed entirely of paper and may be formed without adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bottle shipment assembly that can withstand shock and impact during shipping. The assembly can accommodate a wide variety of bottles, uses very little material such as HDPE and PVC, and is easily recyclable. There are three parts to the assembly: a neck portion that locks around the bottle's neck, a base portion that snugly fits around the bottle's bottom, and an exterior box that securely and immovably houses the bottle fitted with the neck portion and base portion. The neck portion has a center portion and two wings that move from inoperable to operable position. The center portion has with a head-engagement recess that slips over the bottle's neck. In operable position, the neck portion has a square configuration, and fits snugly inside the exterior box. The base portion also has a square configuration that fits snugly inside the exterior box.

Abstract: A produce box for storing produce, including a base, including a series of side wall sections coupled together to form a parallelogram; a bottom end section coupled to the wall sections; pairs of face vents located in spaced apart lateral sections of respective ones of said side wall sections; and pairs of major score vents located centrally on respective top and bottom scores of each side wall section of a first opposed pair of said side wall sections. The produce box also includes a lid, including a series of side wall sections coupled together to form a parallelogram; a top end section coupled to the wall sections; pairs of face vents located in spaced apart lateral sections of respective ones of said side wall sections; and pairs of major score vents located centrally on respective top and bottom scores of each side wall section of a first opposed pair of said side wall sections.

Abstract: A tamper-resistant shipping container for a live plant that includes a conical shaped lower pot containing the roots of a plant surrounded by planting soil. Disposed inside the lower pot and over the top surface of the soil is a disc-shaped, sealing cover made of neoprene or elastic foam. The sealing cover includes a center bore through which the stem of a plant extends. During assembly, the sealing cover is positioned around the stem and pressed firmly against the soil. Attached to the top edge of the lower pot is a lid made of translucent material with surrounding side walls and a closed upper end. Mounted on the upper end_of the lid is an illuminating light source containing LED bulbs and batteries and a switch. When activated the LED bulbs produces continuous light that shines downward onto the plant during shipment. Attached to the adjoining edges of the lid and the lower pot is a tamper-proof tie.

Abstract: An example item storage system may include a shipping container and a plurality of storage modules disposed within the interior of the shipping container. Each storage module may include an upper support structure, a lower support structure, and a frame. The upper support structure may engage with a corresponding lower support structure of a first different storage module. The frame may define an upper level to support a first plurality of moveable container carriers, and a lower level to support a second plurality of moveable container carriers.

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering controlled amounts of granular resin into a conveying conduit includes a hopper for storing the resin, an air cylinder, a double-ended piston within the air cylinder, passive and active piston rods extending from opposite sides of the piston out of the ends of the cylinder, and a slide gate connected to the active piston rod, with the slide gate being positioned between a discharge opening of the hopper and an opening in the conveying conduit.

Abstract: A waste disposal system with a compact footprint. The waste disposal system device accepts a cassette having a length of tubular liner film. The waste disposal device and cassette can have similar cross-sectional geometry. The waste disposal device and/or cassette comprise a first wall, a second wall, and a first included angle defined therebetween between about sixty and about one-hundred twenty degrees.

Abstract: A transfer device includes a first engaging member to be inserted between a first engagement receiving portion, which is spaced away from a first surface portion of an article toward an outside in a transfer direction by a predetermined distance, and the first surface portion, due to rotation of the first engaging member about a first axis of rotation along the transfer direction. The first engaging member includes a first push-up portion which lifts the first surface portion by making contact with a first jaw portion in a state in which the first jaw portion protrudes toward the outside from the first surface portion.

Abstract: An order selection process is provided for the selecting of a plurality of a predetermined item or items from a stocked picking location in an order selection system.

Abstract: An automated warehouse storage system including a multilevel storage array is provided. Each aisle has a set of storage levels and each level has storage locations distributed along the aisle. The guideway network extending through the multilevel storage array is configured for autonomous vehicles to move along the guideway network within the multilevel storage array. The guideway network including an inter-aisle guideway spanning at least two of the multiple aisles and a set of guideway levels extending in an aisle of the multiple aisles and disposed so that each guideway level is at a different one of the storage levels and the vehicles on the guideway level can access the storage locations distributed along the aisle. Each set of guideway levels is connected to the inter-aisle guideway forming a common guideway path so that a vehicle can move between inter-aisle guideway and each guideway level along the common guideway path.

Abstract: A transportation support assembly and a transport device are provided in embodiments of the disclosure, the transportation support assembly comprising: a supporting plate; a first baffle plate; a second baffle plate; and at least one bundling strap. Each of the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate is hinged with the supporting plate and is provided thereon respectively with at least one through-hole through which the at least one bundling strap passes such that the first baffle plate, the second baffle plate and the bundling strap cooperate with one another to clamp an object to be supported. Thereby, human labor as required for handling and carrying an apparatus is saved, and any risk in handling and carrying of the apparatus is also reduced, by the transportation support assembly.

Abstract: A feeder for bulk solids has a rotatable bin with an open bottom and an open top and is tilted so that one side of the bin is substantially vertical. A rotating auger is located within the bin having a vertically oriented exposed helical fin. Longitudinal ribs are secured on an inner surface of the bin and spaced radially. Material is loaded into the open top of the rotating bin, tumbling the material toward the bottom of the bin causing the material to constantly contact the rotating auger. The auger then feeds the material through the open bottom of the bin. Ribs engage the material in the bin enhancing tumbling and feeding.

Abstract: A system for conveying proppant includes a conveyor assembly having a conveyor belt that receives proppant from one or more containers having proppant stored therein. The system also includes a conveyor auxiliary unit connected to an end of the conveyor assembly having one or more joints to enable expansion and collapse of the conveyor belt from the conveyor assembly. The system further includes a proppant chute to direct the proppant from the conveyor belt into a blending hopper, the proppant chute being positioned at a higher elevation than an inlet of the blending hopper.

Abstract: A warning device (1) of abnormal operation of belt conveyor (2) has a pair of rotating mechanisms (10) disposed oppositely at two sides of a conveyor belt (2). The rotating mechanism (10) includes a rotating component (11) and a rotating body 12. The rotating body 12 has a fixed end (121) and a movable end (122). A pair of first sensor switches (20) is disposed on the rotating bodies (12). The first sensor switch (20) emits a first signal when activated and emits a second signal when being triggered. The rotating body (12) triggers the first sensor switch (20) when the conveyor belt (2) is abnormal. The first sensor switch (20) is triggered and emits the second signal for warning.

Abstract: A system for presenting isolated components to an assembly line over a plurality of cycles includes a container configured to direct components towards a central axis. An elongated pedestal within the container has ribs which define an upper surface and a plurality of channels. The pedestal is reciprocally mounted to move along the central axis, and isolates components during each cycle. The isolated components are transferred to an assembly line. The number of isolated components of each cycle is measured and the value stored. A threshold value is calculated based on a number of stored values. A running average of the quantity of isolated components for a number of cycles can then be compared to the threshold to determine when to refill the component container.

Abstract: An automated method and system for transporting vials from multiple upstream locations to a downstream location and for combining N number of conveyor lanes from N number of upstream location (e.g., capping stations) down to one conveyor lane. The system is adapted to transport vials from a more-distant upstream location faster than vials from a closer upstream location so that they reach the downstream location at approximately the same time. Guide members placed at an angle to the traveling axis of the conveyor lanes divert the vials onto a single conveyor lane for transporting the vials to a downstream location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transfer apparatus, and the transfer apparatus includes: a first transfer module holding an object to be transferred on the top thereof and transferring the object to be transferred at a first speed in a longitudinal direction; a second transfer module disposed in parallel with the first transfer module and holding the object to be transferred on the top thereof and transferring the object to be transferred at a second speed in the longitudinal direction; and a blowing module causing air to flow upward/downward below at least one of the first transfer module and the second transfer module.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for conveying granular material from a supply to receivers that retain and dispense the material when needed by process machine include a vacuum pump, an air flow limiter connected to the vacuum pump, a first conduit connecting the receivers to the air flow limiter, and a second conduit connecting the material supply to the receivers.

Abstract: An adjustable including a base structure designed for being mounted to an intake of a conveying mechanism for conveying particulates. A bottom portion of a flexible hopper structure is mounted to the base structure. A top structure is mounted to a top portion of the flexible hopper structure. An adjusting mechanism is connected to the base structure and the top structure. The adjusting mechanism enables moving the top structure from a transport position, with the top structure being disposed in proximity to the base structure, to a loading position, with at least a substantial portion of the top structure being disposed at a predetermined distance to the base structure.

Abstract: Examples of an alignment assembly for loading a shipping container are disclosed. In one example implementation according to aspects of the present disclosure, the alignment assembly includes a base rotatably disposed on a pole and an alignment bracket moveably connected to the base. The alignment bracket may include a main support member connected to an alignment member. The alignment bracket is configured to permit the alignment member to be disposed substantially co-planer with a sidewall of the shipping container.

Abstract: A portable lift assembly that is temporarily mountable to the ends of standardized shipping containers, that allows cargo to be loaded and unloaded without a raised loading dock. The assembly includes a frame having pin members that engage standard corner castings on the access end of a shipping container so that the weight of the lift assembly and cargo are borne by the end of the container. Cargo is raised and lowered on a platform, with power being supplied from onboard the portable assembly. The portable assembly may be transported between containers and installed using a forklift or similar machine.

Abstract: A highway towable dock-lift trailer for use in loading and/or unloading trucks, rail cars, containers, etc., for example, in any location and across all industries and applications, and can include a tow bar that allows the trailer be towed to a desirable position or location. When the tow bar is removed from the trailer or repositioned relative to the frame, either a truck can back into position or the trailer lift can be positioned against the truck, etc., and the trailer lift is then ready to load and/or offload the truck. As an operator elevates the loading platform of the trailer, via hydraulic lifting means, for example, the lift can move up to truck height and hydraulically operated lifting arms can operate opposed automatic folding ramps, which simultaneously can open for load distribution and close for safety.

Abstract: A sheet feeding device includes a device body including a stopper portion and a feeding tray detachably mounted to the device body. The feeding tray includes a stopper, a lock assembly, and an operating member. The stopper includes a stopped portion movable between a stop position at which the stopped portion is stopped by the stopper portion and a release position. The lock assembly prevents drawing of the feeding tray from the device body. An operating member rotates from an initial state by a predetermined angle to move the stopped portion from the stop position to the release position. The lock assembly restricts rotation of the operating member when the lock assembly is locked. The stopped portion is movable from the stop position to the release position with an operation of mounting the feeding tray to a mount position of the device body without rotation of the operating member.

Abstract: A retarding roller (a roller) is formed of a synthetic rubber (an industrial rubber material) such as ethylene propylene diene M-class rubber (EPDM) or polyurethane, or alternatively, silicone. The roller core of the retarding roller is cylindrical. M arc-shaped long holes (where M is an integer greater than or equal to 4) are formed in each of N layers (where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2) from a first layer (an outermost layer) to an Nth layer (an innermost layer) which are circular and concentric to a center axial line. In each layer, long holes are formed such that spokes in adjacent layers (an ith layer and an i+1th layer, where i is an integer from 1 to N?1) do not overlap in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A sheet-feeding device includes: a first feeding roller configured to contact a sheet accommodated in a sheet-accommodation portion to feed the sheet; a second feeding roller movable between a non-feeding position and a feeding position; a driving source configured to generate a rotational driving force to the first feeding roller; a transmission portion configured to transmit the rotational driving force to the second feeding roller; a first sensor; a second sensor; and a roller actuating portion. The roller actuating portion is configured to: move the second feeding roller from the non-feeding position to the feeding position in a case where the second detector detects rotation of the first feeding roller is stopped during a sheet-feeding operation; and move the second feeding roller from the feeding position to the non-feeding position in a case where the first sensor detects the sheet-feeding operation is completed for the sheet.

Abstract: A stacking wheel mechanism (30) includes a stacking wheel (32) that is arranged near a stacking unit (26) and having a plurality of elastic blades (32a) on an outer circumferential surface thereof, and a blade guiding member (38) that is arranged near the stacking wheel (32) to guide the blades (32a) of the stacking wheel (32). The blade guiding member (38) guides the blades (32a) of the stacking wheel (32) such that the blades (32a) of the stacking wheel (32) enter into a transport path (for example, an internal transport path (36)) when the stacking wheel (32) rotates in a feeding-in direction of a paper sheet toward the stacking unit (26) and the blades (32a) of the stacking wheel (32) retreat from the transport path when the stacking wheel (32) rotates in a feeding-out direction of the paper sheet from the stacking unit (26).

Abstract: An elevator car destination dispatching system and methodology are disclosed. The system includes a user interface that is configured to permit a user of a plurality of users to enter a desired destination in a building. The system further includes a presence detector disposed in the vicinity of the user interface. The presence detector is configured to detect the presence of the user of the plurality of users at the user interface. The presence detector is also operably coupled to a controller. The controller is configured to dispatch an elevator car based on the desired destination entered by the user of the plurality of users and the presence of the user of the plurality of users in the vicinity of the user interface.

Abstract: An elevator includes a control system for monitoring the load of a car, which control system is adapted to prevent the normal starting of the elevator, optionally also including relevelling, when there is an overload in the car. The elevator includes at least one position measuring device, speed measuring device and/or movement measuring device in order to determine the movement and/or position of the car, and the control system of the elevator is adapted to remove the prevention of normal starting when at least one said position measuring device, speed measuring device and/or movement measuring device detects that the car moved or is moving upwards in the elevator shaft.

Abstract: The program directs a computer processor to implement a program that prioritizes a direction of movement of a directional pedestrian mover (DPM) based on predicted pedestrian traffic flow. The program obtains a first predicted pedestrian traffic flow relative to the direction of movement of the DPM, and a second predicted pedestrian traffic flow in a different direction relative to the first predicted pedestrian traffic flow. The program determines that the second predicted pedestrian traffic flow exceeds the first predicted pedestrian traffic flow, and changes the direction of movement of the DPM to accommodate the second predicted pedestrian traffic flow. The program calculates a time for a majority of the first predicted pedestrian traffic flow, and a majority of the second predicted pedestrian traffic flow, to reach at least one access point of the DPM.

Abstract: A removable vehicle top lift system is disclosed herein. Described embodiments of a removable vehicle top lift system include a T-shaped body includes adjustable left, right, and rear arms that may be adjusted to accommodate the size of different removable vehicle tops. The left, right, and rear arms also include hooks for engaging a removable vehicle top. Balancing mechanisms for a removable vehicle top lift system are disclosed. Hooks with mechanisms to hold down a window of a removable vehicle top are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for automatically connecting a vehicle to an electric power supply, comprises: a turn-over-anchor (48, 210), including a first connector part (42, 216) connected to the cable (28, 208); and a docking station (50, 212), including a second connector part (44, 230) configured for mating with the first connector part (42, 216) according to a vertical coupling axis (47, 236), when the turn-over-anchor (48, 210) is vertically deposited into the docking station (50, 212). The device further includes two horizontally spaced vertical rods (58?, 58?, 246?, 246?), each of which is arranged so as to vertically penetrate into a guide opening or hole (62?, 62?, 248?, 248?) of an opposite element (50?, 50?), when the turn-over-anchor (48, 210) is deposited into the docking station (50, 212), and is dimensioned so as to be self-locking in the hole (62?, 62?, 248?, 248?), if the turn-over-anchor (48, 210) is subjected to a significant force that is not aligned with the vertical coupling axis (47, 236).

Abstract: A lift crane includes a carbody and movable ground engaging members mounted on the carbody. A rotating bed is rotatably connected to the carbody and includes a counterweight support frame including a rack coupled directly to a lower surface of the rotating bed. A boom is pivotally mounted to the rotating bed. A counterweight unit includes a trolley, the counterweight unit being in a movable relationship with respect to the rotating bed. A counterweight unit movement device is configured to move the counterweight unit toward and away from the boom. Other embodiments include a counterweight support beam movably connected to the rotating bed, the counterweight support beam including another rack coupled to a lower surface of the counterweight support beam. A counterweight support beam movement device is connected between the counterweight support beam and the counterweight support frame.

Abstract: A materials handling vehicle includes an operator platform from which an operator can drive the vehicle; a traction control system for advancing the vehicle across a floor surface; at least one sensor configured to detect the presence of an object located at a position proximate to the vehicle; and a controller communicably coupled to the at least one sensor and the traction control system. The controller is responsive to the output of the at least one sensor to stop or slow down the vehicle if an object is detected proximate to the vehicle and the vehicle is traveling in response to a remote travel request. However, the controller does not slow down or stop the vehicle if an object is proximate to the vehicle while the operator is driving the vehicle on the operator platform.

Abstract: Add-on device (1) to be attached to a lifting vehicle, having a movable fork arm unit (2) comprising at least one fork arm (3), having at least two units (4) for driving a lateral movement of the fork arm unit (2), in particular each comprising at least one drive chain (6), in particular running in opposite directions, wherein the drive chain (6) is in particular assigned to a respective fork arm (3), having in each case at least one hydraulic motor (11), by which the unit can be driven, wherein the hydraulic motors (11) of two units (4) can be connected in parallel for a lateral movement of the fork arms (3) in the same direction and/or the hydraulic motors (11) of two units (4) can be connected in series for a lateral movement of the fork arms (3) in opposite directions. Method for actuating said add-on device (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a container that contains liquid filling-material includes a source of inert gas at a treatment pressure that is higher than a fill pressure that is used to fill said container, and filling elements. A typical filling element includes a housing, and a first controlled gas path that selectively connects the source to the container.

Abstract: Described herein are various embodiments of systems, devices, components and methods for providing hydration to a user from a fluid reservoir or bladder, where the fluid is provided on demand by the user activating and controlling a user interface that communicates wirelessly with a control assembly operably connected to a pump and the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: A variable inlet device for a vehicle includes a first pipe and a second pipe arranged in parallel to each other, and a variable injection pipe configured to allow an exit thereof to be selectively connected to an entrance of the first pipe or an entrance of the second pipe by a rotation movement and a back and forth movement.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present invention embodies both the method and apparatus for converting a pattern of irradiation to a visible image. An embodiment of the present invention provides an array of micro-electro-mechanical sensors with each sensor includes a deflectable micro-cantilever, responsive to absorbed incident radiation and to an applied repulsive electrostatic field. Associated circuitry senses a change in an output signal of the sensor as it responds to incident radiation incident upon the cantilever and provides a biasing force to deflect the cantilever and maintain the detector output signal at a desirable level. The biasing element may be a piezoelectric element, a heater or a pair of electrodes and the corresponding biasing stimulus may be stress (expansion), heat, or electrostatic change. The stimulus compensates for the effect of the infrared radiation and maintains the chosen detector output level at the same level.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention describe hermetic encapsulation for MEMS devices, and processes to create the hermetic encapsulation structure. Embodiments comprise a MEMS substrate stack that further includes a magnet, a first laminate organic dielectric film, a first hermetic coating disposed over the magnet, a second laminate organic dielectric film disposed on the hermetic coating, a MEMS device layer disposed over the magnet, and a plurality of metal interconnects surrounding the MEMS device layer. A hermetic plate is subsequently bonded to the MEMS substrate stack and disposed over the formed MEMS device layer to at least partially form a hermetically encapsulated cavity surrounding the MEMS device layer. In various embodiments, the hermetically encapsulated cavity is further formed from the first hermetic coating, and at least one of the set of metal interconnects, or a second hermetic coating deposited onto the set of metal interconnects.

Abstract: Disclosed examples include sensor apparatus and integrated circuits having a package structure with an internal cavity and an opening that connects of the cavity with an ambient condition of an exterior of the package structure, and an electronic sensor structure mechanically supported by wires in the cavity and including a sensing surface exposed to the cavity to sense the ambient condition of an exterior of the package structure.

Abstract: A transfer head array includes a base substrate, an interlayer isolation layer, plural transfer heads, and at least one shielding layer. The interlayer isolation layer is disposed on the base substrate, and the interlayer isolation layer has a flat top surface facing away from the base substrate. The transfer heads are arranged on the interlayer isolation layer. The shielding layer is disposed in the interlayer isolation layer.

Abstract: Device, method, and system for nanoparticle capture, tracking, and/or detection. A functional paper-based platform is modified with capture ligands to create binding sites for nanoparticles. According to an embodiment, nanoparticle binding produces visual images of the particle content and distribution on the modified sensing surface, which provides capabilities for both NP sequestration and real-time detection. According to an embodiment the system may be utilized for environmental decontamination, fabrication of personal protective equipment, field monitoring, and epidemiological studies. The availability of inexpensive and easy-to-use quantitative methods can facilitate rapid assessment and measurement of NPs concentration and the level of exposure for large scale toxicological and epidemiological testing.