Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of cucumber hybrid SV3487CP and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of cucumber hybrid SV3487CP and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a cucumber plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another cucumber plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions to improve fungal disease resistance and/or nematode resistance in various crop plants. The present invention also provides for combinations of compositions and methods to improve fungal disease resistance and/or nematode resistance in various crop plants.

Abstract: Compositions having pesticidal activity and methods for their use are provided. Compositions include isolated and recombinant polypeptide sequences having pesticidal activity, recombinant and synthetic nucleic acid molecules encoding the pesticidal polypeptides, DNA constructs comprising the nucleic acid molecules, vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules, host cells comprising the vectors, and antibodies to the pesticidal polypeptides. Nucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides provided herein can be used in DNA constructs or expression cassettes for transformation and expression in organisms of interest, including microorganisms and plants. The compositions and methods provided herein are useful for production of organisms with enhanced pest resistance or tolerance. Transgenic plants and seeds comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a pesticidal protein of the invention are also provided. Such plants are resistant to insects and other pests.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and recombinant DNA constructs useful for conferring improved tolerance in plants to insect pests; compositions (such as plants or seeds) comprising these recombinant DNA constructs; and methods utilizing these recombinant DNA constructs. The recombinant DNA constructs comprise a polynucleotide operably linked to a promoter that is functional in a plant, wherein said polynucleotides encode insect tolerance polypeptides.

Abstract: The disclosure provides DNA compositions that relate to transgenic insect resistant maize plants. Also provided are assays for detecting the presence of the maize DP-032218-9 event based on the DNA sequence of the recombinant construct inserted into the maize genome and the DNA sequences flanking the insertion site. Kits and conditions useful in conducting the assays are provided.

Abstract: A kit for constructing a transposon is provided. The kit comprises five plasmids, each of which consists essentially of a gene cassette linked or not linked to a terminal repeat. The kit is useful in selecting the type of piggyBac that exhibits the least enhancer activity in the host cells.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to solve problems in terms of stagnation of research on norovirus by providing a cultured transgenic cell or a transgenic animal in which murine norovirus (MNV) can be grown across the barrier of host specificity in mammalian cells, and providing a screening method that uses the cultured transgenic cell or the transgenic animal. The present inventors have found that MNV infection is determined in a cultured transgenic mammalian cell or a mammal possessing the cultured transgenic mammalian cell as its own cell, the cultured transgenic mammalian cell containing one or more species selected from the entirety or a portion of the murine CD300F gene and/or a CD300 family gene having an extracellular domain nucleotide sequence similar to that of the murine CD300F gene. The present inventors have solved the aforementioned problems by providing, for example, a norovirus-related drug screening method on the basis of this finding.

Abstract: CRISPR/Cas Systems are provided where a tuned guide RNA is used to discriminate between two protospacer sequences of same length that differ by one nucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydrocarbons derived from natural gas in the fermentative production of biochemicals including biofuels. More specifically, the present invention provides the method for manufacturing dihydroxyacetone (“DHA”) from natural gas, biogas, biomass and CO2 released from industrial plants including electricity-generating plants, steel mills and cement factories and the use of DHA as a source of organic carbon in the fermentative production of biochemicals including biofuels. The present invention comprises three stages. In the first stage of the present invention, syngas and formaldehyde are produced from natural gas, biogas, biomass and CO2 released from industrial plants. In the second stage of the present invention, formaldehyde and syngas are condensed to produce DHA. In the third stage of the present invention, biochemicals including biofuels are produced from DHA using fermentation process involving wild type or genetically modified microbial biocatalysts.

Abstract: A process is provided for fermentation of syngas that is effective for reducing conductivity and providing an alcohol STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day). The process includes introducing the syngas into a reactor vessel and providing a nitrogen feed rate to the reactor vessel of about 100 mg or more nitrogen/gram of cells produced. Fermentation of the syngas is effective for providing a fermentation medium having an average conductivity of about 16 mS/cm or less and an STY of 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and other renewable chemicals utilizes one or more of by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as pot ale and spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process includes treating a substrate to hydrolyze it and fermenting the treated. Also provided is a biofuel including butanol manufactured according to the process.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and metabolically engineered microorganisms are contemplated in which low molecular weight gases, and especially methane and syngas are used as a carbon source, and in which CO2 or formaldehyde and reduction equivalents are generated for use in in vivo production of the value products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing dioic acids from a substrate containing hydrocarbons or fatty acids using a Candida infanticola strain, and to a Candida infanticola microorganism used therefor. The present invention reduces the cost increase resulting from the fluctuation in the international oil price and the burden of environmental pollution, which are caused by the use of fossil fuels, and thus can be utilized in various industrial fields using DDDA as a raw material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for manufacturing fumaric acid having favorable tone of color. A method for manufacturing fumaric acid, comprising the following steps (1) and (2): (1) a step of culturing a microorganism having fumaric acid-producing ability in a liquid culture medium comprising a carbon source to obtain one or more substances selected from fumaric acid and a fumarate, (2) a step of crystallizing the one or more substances selected from fumaric acid and a fumarate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of one or more surfactants selected from a nonionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides an engineered cyanobacterium, comprising at least one plasmid selected from three novel pathways to produce acetate, which can convert atmospheric carbon dioxide as a raw material into acetate. The present invention also constructs the expression plasmid for three different transporters specific to acetate to be expressed in cyanobacteria, which comprises putative ABC transporter (AatA), succinate/acetate: proton symporter (SatP) and acetate/glycolate: cation symporter (ActP). Therefore, the engineered cyanobacteria of the present invention can produce 0.58 mg/L to 3.54 mg/L of acetate per hour.

Abstract: Provided herein is D-lactate dehydrogenase, an engineered strain containing the D-lactate dehydrogenase, and a construction method and use of the engineered strain. The D-lactate dehydrogenase has unique properties and is from Thermodesulfatator indicus, and the D-lactate dehydrogenase has good thermophily and heat stability. By using the D-lactate dehydrogenase and said gene engineering reconstruction method, a fermentation product of the reconstructed Bacillus licheniformis can be redirected to optically-pure D-lactic acid with a high yield from naturally produced 2,3-butanediol, and the optical purity of the produced D-lactic acid reaches 99.9%; and raw materials for fermentation are low-cost, and a fermentation state is between an anaerobic fermentation state and a microaerobic fermentation state.

Abstract: A batch fermentation process ferments a starch hydrolysate containing 80-98 weight percent of glucose based on total carbohydrate and 0.3-5% weight percent of isomaltose based on total carbohydrate to a fermentation product. A fermentation broth is formed containing a first portion of a total amount of the starch hydrolysate so that the fermentation broth has an initial glucose concentration of at least about 50 g/L. Fermentation is carried out until the fermentation broth contains 30 g/L or less of glucose. An effective amount of at least one active enzyme that converts isomaltose into glucose is adding to the fermentation broth. Then the remaining portion of the total amount of starch hydrolysate is fed into the fermentation broth to maintain a glucose concentration of from about 5 to about 15 g/L in the fermentation broth throughout the feeding step. The final fermentation broth containing the fermentation product is then produced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are microorganisms containing exogenous or heterologous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the microorganisms are capable of growing on gaseous carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrogen, syngas, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments the microorganisms are chemotrophic bacteria that produce or secrete at least 10% of lipid by weight. Also disclosed are methods of fixing gaseous carbon into organic carbon molecules useful for industrial processes. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing chemicals or producing precursors to chemicals useful in jet fuel, diesel fuel, and biodiesel fuel. Exemplary chemicals or precursors to chemicals useful in fuel production are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, fatty acid alcohols, fatty acid aldehydes, desaturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxyl acids, or diacids with carbon chains between six and thirty carbon atoms long.

Abstract: The present invention provides a decanedioic acid produced by microbial fermentation process, in which the content of C10 aliphatic acid and C10 hydroxy aliphatic acid is maintained at a very low level. The present invention also provides a preparation method of the decanedioic acid and a polymer prepared by using the decanedioic acid as monomer. The decanedioic acid provided by the present invention is prepared by microbial fermentation process. The decanedioic acid product which is produced through the processes of microbial fermentation and separation has a higher purity, a higher thermal stability, and a lower impurity content. The decanedioic acid provided by the present invention could satisfy the requirements of high grade product of polyamide or polyester to produce polymer with excellent qualities.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic acid such as L-lysine is provided. A basic amino acid or a fermentation product containing the same is produced by a method including the following steps (A) and (B): (A) a step of culturing a microorganism able to produce a basic amino acid in a culture medium so that bicarbonate ions and/or carbonate ions serve as counter ions for the basic amino acid, to obtain a fermentation broth containing the basic amino acid; (B) a step of subjecting the fermentation broth to a heat treatment under a pressure sufficient for preventing generation of carbon dioxide gas from the fermentation broth.

Abstract: A yeast strain and a method for the synthesis of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran using this strain are disclosed. The yeast strain is Meyerozyma guilliermondii SC 1103, which has been maintained in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC, Wuhan, P.R. China) with an access No. of M2016144. The method for the synthesis of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran using this strain is described as follows: after pre-cultivation and cultivation, Meyerozyma guilliermondii SC 1103 cells are added into the buffer solutions containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and glucose; the biocatalytic reaction is conducted under designated conditions, thus affording 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran. This disclosure has many advantages such as good selectivity, mild reaction conditions, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and good yield.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of using transaminase polypeptides in the synthesis of chiral amines from prochiral ketones.

Abstract: Reaction solutions are disclosed herein comprising water, sucrose and a glucosyltransferase enzyme that synthesizes poly alpha-1,3-glucan. The glucosyltransferase enzyme can synthesize insoluble glucan polymer having at least 50% alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages and a number average degree of polymerization of at least 100. Further disclosed are methods of using such glucosyltransferase enzymes to produce insoluble poly alpha-1,3-glucan.

Abstract: Provided is a method for improving the yield of rhamnolipids comprising culturing in medium containing a triglyceride containing oil and sweetener as a carbon source.

Abstract: Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly rebaudiosides A, D and M are described. The methods include utilizing recombinant microorganisms for converting various staring compositions to target steviol glycosides. In addition, novel steviol glycosides reb D2 and reb M2 are disclosed, as are methods of preparing the same. The highly purified rebaudiosides are useful as non-caloric sweetener in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for reducing lactate production and increasing polypeptide production in cultured cells. In one aspect, the invention provides a method comprising culturing cells expressing a) a small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and b) an siRNA specific for a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK). In another aspect, the invention provides cultured cells or vectors comprising an siRNA specific for a LDH and an siRNA specific for a PDHK.

Abstract: Herein is reported a method for the enzymatic production of a polypeptide comprising the step of incubating i) a first polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence LPXTG (SEQ ID NO: 01, wherein X can be any amino acid residue) or LPXTA (SEQ ID NO: 41, wherein X can be any amino acid residue), ii) a second polypeptide that has i) a glycinyl, an alaninyl, or a cysteinyl compound at its N-terminus, or ii) an oligoglycine, or oligoalanine, or a cysteine amino acid residue followed by one to three glycine or alanine amino acid residues at its N-terminus, or iii) a lysine amino acid residue within its 5 N-terminal amino acid residues, and iii) a third polypeptide with sortase A activity, in a deep eutectic solvent and thereby producing a polypeptide.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of probiotic selection and use based on the capability of microbial biogenic amine uptake as a method for targeted clinical and veterinary applications, including promoting health and well-being and/or treating therapeutic conditions. The present invention utilizes a microbially-focused approach for the development of drug selection and/or probiotic administration in a variety of diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mycobacteriophage capable of delivering an auto-luminescent element and use thereof. The mycobacteriophage includes luxCDABE genes for auto-luminescence of a host bacterium. The auto-luminescent element is located on a transposon, and can be randomly inserted into the host genome with the transposon. The mycobacteriophage can be used for rapid detection of a live host bacterium in a sample and detection of sensitivity of the host bacterium to a drug or drug combination.

Abstract: Provided is a method for determining activity of arylsulfatase in an aqueous system, which comprises a step in which arylsulfatase is subjected to reaction with a substrate, from which fluorophore or chromophore is liberated by suffering an action of the arylsulfatase, in an aqueous reaction system having high ionic strength. Also, provided are a lactase preparation having a lactase activity of 4,000 NLU/g or more according to the FCC IV method and having an arylsulfatase activity of 0.1% or less of the lactase activity as the basis, in which the arylsulfatase activity has been determined by the method for determining activity of arylsulfatase in an aqueous system according to the fluorescence method of the present invention; a method for producing this preparation; and a dairy product which comprises using this preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a substance capable of inhibiting at least one activity of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) comprised in an influenza viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which method comprises or consists of: (a) providing an aqueous suspension of purified influenza virus comprising said RNP complex; (b) adding to said suspension of step (a) (i) a nonionic or zwitterionic surfactant; and (ii) a reducing agent; (c) incubating the mixture obtained in step (b) in order to obtain an influenza virus lysate; (d) contacting the influenza virus lysate obtained in step (c) with a test substance under conditions that permit said test substance to interact with said RdRp comprised in said RNP complex, said RNP complex being present in said influenza virus lysate; and (e) determining whether said test substance inhibits said at least one activity of said RdRp.

Abstract: Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), based in part on the detection and/or inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), e.g., phosphorylated FAK (pFAK).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for stabilizing a benzothiazole luciferin analog such as D-luciferin and 6-amino-D-luciferin. The compositions may include the benzothiazole luciferin analog, a thionucleobase compound of formula (I), and a liquid medium, in which the thionucleobase is present in an amount effective to stabilize the luminogenic composition against decomposition. The methods provided herein may stabilize the benzothiazole luciferin analog against decomposition by contacting the benzothiazole luciferin analog with an effective amount of the thionucleobase compound in the presence of a liquid medium. Also provided herein is a kit containing the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to diagnosis, detection, screening, identifying and predicting methods. In various embodiments, methods of the invention include diagnosis, detection, or screening for a hyperproliferative disorder (e.g., a tumor, cancer or neoplasia) in the subject; identifying a subject that will or is likely to respond to a therapy for a hyperproliferative disorder (e.g., a tumor, cancer or neoplasia); and predicting therapeutic efficacy of a hyperproliferative disorder (e.g., a tumor, cancer or neoplasia) treatment in a subject.

Abstract: A fully integrated and disposable point-of-care device for detecting a target nucleic acid is provided. The device comprises: an extraction chamber adapted to receive a biological sample, wherein said extraction chamber comprises means to extract and lyse the sample to release nucleic acid; a first amplification chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, wherein said amplification chamber comprises means to trigger nucleic acid amplification of a target nucleic acid sequence to occur; and a detection chamber in communication with the amplification chamber, wherein said detection chamber comprises means to detectably label the target nucleic acid and means to detect a signal associated with labeled target nucleic acid, or a single chamber for amplification, detection and identification of multiple nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for adequately analyzing a target DNA after genomic DNA cleavage reaction with a restriction enzyme. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for measuring a target DNA, including (1) cleaving a genomic DNA with a restriction enzyme in a solution to obtain a mixed solution containing (a) completely cleaved DNA fragments consisting of the target DNA, (b) incompletely cleaved DNA fragments comprising the target DNA, and (c) DNA fragments not comprising the target DNA; (2) removing the DNA fragments of (b) from said mixed solution to obtain a solution containing the DNA fragment of (a) and the DNA fragments of (c); and (3) analyzing the target DNA in the solution obtained in (2).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for amplifying and analyzing nucleic acid samples. The present disclosure provides methods for preparing cDNA and/or DNA molecules and cDNA and/or DNA libraries using modified reverse transcriptases.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for amplifying and analyzing nucleic acid samples. The present disclosure provides methods for preparing cDNA and/or DNA molecules and cDNA and/or DNA libraries using modified reverse transcriptases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method of detecting and characterizing one or more Borrelia species causing Lyme Disease or tick-borne relapsing fever within a sample from a subject, the method comprising: a) subjecting DNA and/or RNA from the sample to a PCR amplification reaction using primer pairs targeting at least one region of Borrelia 16S rRNA and at least one region of flaB, ospA, ospB, ospC, glpQ, 16S-23S intergenic spacer (IGS1), 5S-23S intergenic spacer (IGS2), bbk32, dbpA, dbpB, and/or p66; and b) analyzing amplification products resulting from the PCR amplification reaction to detect the one or more Borrelia species.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid oligomers, including amplification oligomers, capture probes, and detection probes, for detection of a 16S rRNA or its encoding gene from bacterial species associated with bacterial vaginosis. Also disclosed are methods of specific nucleic acid amplification and detection using the disclosed oligomers, as well as corresponding reaction mixtures and kits.

Abstract: Described are methods of detecting modified nucleotide bases in a DNA sample using specific DNA glycosylases to excise target modified bases. DNA molecules are then labeled using a DNA polymerase lacking 3??5? exo-nuclease activity and strand displacement activity. The methods can be used to detect epigenetic changes and DNA damage. Provided are methods for diagnosing a disease or condition, determining risk of a disease or condition, identifying appropriate treatment, monitoring effectiveness of treatment, and monitoring side effects of treatment in subjects based on detection of modified bases. Also provided are methods for determining environmental exposure, or an environmental exposure time, of a biological sample containing DNA. Also provided are kits, systems, and devices for performing the described methods.

Abstract: DNA synthesis devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. An apparatus can include a synthesizer chip having an array of reaction units in a predetermined pattern, each reaction unit including a reaction surface and a reaction electrode of an IC array of reaction electrodes, and a synthesizer chip controller coupled to the IC array of reaction electrodes configured to address each reaction electrode individually. The apparatus can also include a reagent delivery chip positionable above the synthesizer chip, comprising an array of reagent delivery units arranged in the predetermined pattern, each reagent delivery unit including a reagent electrode of an IC array of reagent electrodes and each reagent delivery unit configured to receive and deliver a droplet of reagent fluid having a volume of 1 picoliter or less, and a reagent delivery chip controller coupled to the IC array of reagent electrodes configured to address each reagent electrode individually.