Abstract: There is provided a method of developing an exposed resist film formed on a surface of a substrate to form a resist pattern, which includes: rotating the substrate about a rotation axis that extends in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate that is horizontally supported; supplying a developing solution through a discharge hole positioned above the substrate onto the resist film such that the developing solution is widely spread on a surface of the resist film; and positioning a wetted part having a surface that faces the surface of the substrate, above a preceding region in the surface of the substrate, the preceding region being a region to which the developing solution is preferentially supplied through the discharge hole.

Abstract: A method of coating an optical substrate with a transparent, electrically conductive coating includes depositing a semiconductor coating over a surface of an optical substrate, wherein the semiconductor coating has broadband optical transmittance. A doped semiconductor is applied in a pattern over the semiconductor coating. The doped semiconductor in the pattern is activated for electrical conductivity in the doped semiconductor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as photoresist-stripping solvent, of a mixture of solvents comprising at least two of the following solvents. (S1) a solvent comprising at least one esteramide compound of formula R1OOC-A-CONR2R3 (S2) DMSO (S3) cyclopentanone.

Abstract: A method of determining compatibility of a patterning device with a lithographic apparatus. The method includes determining an intensity distribution of a conditioned radiation beam across a sensor plane of an illumination system of the lithographic apparatus. The method further includes using the determined intensity distribution to calculate a non-uniformity of intensity caused by contamination and/or degradation of a collector. The method further includes determining the effect of the non-uniformity on a characteristic of an image of the patterned radiation beam. The method further includes determining the compatibility of the patterning device with the lithographic apparatus based on the effect of the non-uniformity on the characteristic.

Abstract: A projection objective having a number of adjustable optical elements is optimized with respect to a number of aberrations by specifying a set of parameters describing imaging properties of the objective, each parameter in the set having an absolute value at each of a plurality of field points in an image plane of the projection objective. At least one of the optical elements is adjusted such that for each of the parameters in the set, the field maximum of its absolute value is minimized.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to overlay mark structures and methods of manufacture. The method includes: forming an overlay mark within a layer of a stack of layers; increasing a density of an upper layer of the stack of layers, above the layer, the increased density protecting the overlay mark; and polishing the upper layer or one or more layers above the upper layer of the stack of layers.

Abstract: A liquid immersion exposure apparatus includes a liquid immersion member which forms a liquid immersion space under an emitting surface of an optical member. The liquid immersion member includes a first member disposed in a periphery of the optical member, and a second member which is movable relative to the first member and includes a liquid recovery port that recovers at least a portion of liquid in the liquid immersion space. The second member is moved in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the optical member so that a relative speed between the second member and an object below the liquid immersion member is smaller than a relative speed between the first member and the object. The second member has an outer surface facing radially outward relative to the optical axis of the optical member, the outer surface does not face toward any surface of the first member.

Abstract: Focus performance of a lithographic apparatus is measured using pairs of targets that have been exposed (1110) with an aberration setting (e.g. astigmatism) that induces a relative best focus offset between them. A calibration curve (904) is obtained in advance by exposing similar targets on FEM wafers (1174, 1172). In a set-up phase, calibration curves are obtained using multiple aberration settings, and an anchor point (910) is recorded, where all the calibration curves intersect. When a new calibration curve is measured (1192), the anchor point is used to produce an adjusted updated calibration curve (1004?) to cancel focus drift and optionally to measure drift of astigmatism. Another aspect of the disclosure (FIG. 13-15) uses two aberration settings (+AST, ?AST) in each measurement, reducing sensitivity to astigmatism drift. Another aspect (FIG. 16-17) uses pairs of targets printed with relative focus offsets, by double exposure in one resist layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the position of a mask holder for photolithographic masks, said method including the following steps: positioning the mask holder with the mask on a measuring table of a measurement apparatus, measuring the mask holder by use of an algorithm, storing the absolute position of the mask holder on the measuring table, and recording and storing at least one reference image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a substrate and, in particular, making secondary adjustments to the results of a primary process applied to the substrate, leading to improved uniformity of the overall process, in which a substrate is positioned on a substrate holder; a scanning a beam of light is directed onto the surface of the substrate; and the amplitude of the scanned beam is varied by location based on a substrate signature.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymer of a hole-transportable compound having a polymerizable functional group and a compound represented by the following general formula (1).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier that holds an electrostatic latent image and a toner image while rotating, a charger that charges the image carrier, an exposure unit that radiates light onto the image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image, a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image with toner, a transfer unit that transfers a toner image onto a sheet, a fixing unit that fixes the toner image onto the sheet, a charging-bias power supply that applies charging bias to the charger, a transfer-bias power supply that applies reverse transfer bias to the transfer unit, and a controller that causes the charging-bias power supply to apply the charging bias to the charger, the transfer-bias power supply to apply the reverse transfer bias to the transfer unit, and the exposure unit to radiate the light onto a region of the image carrier.

Abstract: A toner includes a plurality of toner particles each including a core and a shell layer entirely covering a surface of the core. The core contains a foamable polymer having a foamable group that is foamable through heating. A first foaming amount is at least 7 mL. The first foaming amount is an amount of gas collected over water during a period from when heating of the toner up to 120° C. is started at 30° C. to when a temperature of the toner has been kept at 120° C. for 30 minutes after the heating. A second foaming amount is at least 6 mL. The second foaming amount is an amount of gas collected over water during a period from when the heating is started at 30° C. to when the temperature of the toner reaches 0° C. through cooling after the liquid has been kept at 120° C. for 30 minutes.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles having silica particles as an external additive on surfaces of toner base particles, wherein surfaces of a part or all of the silica particles are modified with silicone oil, and the following relational formula (1) is satisfied. 0.30?Si(B)/Si(A)?0.65??relational formula (1) [In the relational formula (1), Si(A) represents a NET intensity of a Si element contained in the electrostatic latent image developing toner, measured by a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Si(B) represents a NET intensity of a Si element contained in the electrostatic latent image developing toner ultrasonically dispersed in water, measured by a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer.

Abstract: A system and method for producing a uniform layer of toner on a developer roller of a toner-based printer includes two or more doctor blades that are configured to reduce the amount of toner deposited on the developer roller in successive steps. A first doctor blade reduces the layer of toner to a first depth, and a second doctor blade further reduces the layer of toner to a second depth. A third or subsequent doctor blade can further reduce the layer of toner to a third depth. An electrical charge applied to one or more of the doctor blades produces a substantially uniform charge to the layer of toner on the developer roller.

Abstract: A device that replenishes developer to a developer unit and includes a storage for storing developer, an agitation member, and a vibration plate. The agitation member has a blade shape and is rotationally driven to agitate the developer in the storage. The vibration plate extends from a top portion towards a bottom portion of the storage along a rotation direction of the agitation member, and includes a vibration portion that vibrates due to contact with the agitation member undergoing rotation. A top end of the vibration plate is fixed and a bottom end of the vibration plate is a free end, and there is a gap between the vibration portion and an inner wall of the storage. The vibration plate is provided with an engagement protrusion towards the free end that engages with the agitation member and causes the agitation member undergoing rotation to deform then spring back.

Abstract: An image forming device includes an image carrier, a transfer device, a face-forming member, and a reducing element. The image carrier carries an image. The transfer device is disposed in contact with the image carrier, transports a recording medium, and applies a transfer voltage to a transfer region between the transfer device and the image carrier to transfer the image on the image carrier to the recording medium. The face-forming member is disposed in contact with a back face of the image carrier further upstream than the transfer region, is provided grounded along a direction intersecting the movement direction of the image carrier, and includes a conductive member forming a movement track face of the image carrier leading to the transfer region. The reducing element is provided on a current path going through the face-forming member, and reduces an amount of current leading from the face-forming member to ground.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a photosensitive member, a charger, a developing device, a transfer device, and a controller. In a printing control, the controller rotates the photosensitive member in a forward direction and applies a first transfer bias. In a reverse rotation control, the controller rotates the photosensitive member in a reverse direction and applies a second transfer bias being zero after finishing the printing control. In a forward rotation control, the controller rotates the photosensitive member in the forward direction and applies a third transfer bias for a period including a time that a part of the photosensitive member reaches the transfer device after finishing the reverse rotation control. The part faces the developing device when the rotating direction of the photosensitive member is switched. The third transfer bias has an opposite polarity to the first transfer bias and an absolute value larger than the second transfer bias.

Abstract: The fixing device includes a fixing member, a pressing member, and a heat source. The fixing member heats toner on a medium. The pressing member forms a pressing area with the fixing member and presses the toner. The heat source is provided corresponding to the pressing area across the fixing member and heats the fixing member. The heat source includes a heat insulation layer and a heating and contacting part. The heat insulation layer is laminated on a base material and has a convex part that protrudes toward the fixing member. The heating and contacting part is laminated on the heat insulation layer that has the convex part and contacts to an inner surface of the fixing member so as to heat the fixing member. The convex part protrudes the heating and contacting part laminated thereon toward the fixing member so as to maximize pressure in the pressing area.

Abstract: A heating unit includes a circuit board, heating parts, and electrode parts. The heating parts are arranged in a first direction on a surface of the circuit board. The electrode parts are disposed on the surface of the circuit board, and electrically connected to both sides of the heating parts in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. Each of the heating parts includes a plurality of heating resistors that is arranged in the first direction. Each of the heating resistors has a size ratio of a first length in the second direction to a second length in the first direction is 1 or more and 100 or less.

Abstract: A fixation apparatus includes an endless fixation belt, a heat source which heats the fixation belt, a pad member arranged on an inner circumferential side of the fixation belt, a rotational pressurization member which presses the pad member with the fixation belt being interposed, and a soaking member provided between the pad member and the fixation belt. A thermal conductivity ? of the soaking member satisfies relation of ??500 [W/(m·K)].

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a heating member configured to heat a sheet; a heat source configured to heat the heating member; a temperature sensor configured to acquire a temperature of the heating member; a switching circuit configured to supply a current to the heat source by switching a voltage inputted from an alternating-current power source between an energization state and a non-energization state; and a controller. The controller is configured to execute: print processing of forming an image on the sheet; first energization processing of supplying the current to the heat source after a printing command is received and before the print processing is started; and second energization processing of setting a duty ratio of an output current of the switching circuit based on a detection result of the temperature sensor so that the heating member has a fixing temperature and supplying the current to the heat source, in the print processing.

Abstract: Occurrence of layering defects is suppressed in a layering forming method where material layers on a conveyance member are heated and layered. A forming apparatus 1 configured to sequentially layer a plurality of material layers and form a three-dimensional object includes a stage having a forming face on which the material layers are layered, a conveyance member configured to support and convey the material layers to a layering position facing the forming face, and a heating member configured to nip the material layers between itself and the forming face of the stage at the layering position, and pressurize and heat the material layer. When a heating region of the heating member is perpendicularly projected onto a plane where a supporting face at which the conveyance member supports the material layer exists, a projection plane of the heating region has extending regions that extend further to the outer side from both edges of the supporting face, on both edges of the projection plane of the heating region.

Abstract: A system and method for selective printing of documents in low toner or ink situations includes a processor, a memory and an input configured for receiving an electronic print job. A current level of toner or ink is measured and this information, together with data specifying an amount of toner or ink needed to render printed images and information from the print job itself, is used to calculate toner or ink required to complete a printing of the print job. The processor generates a user prompt when there is an insufficient amount of toner or ink to complete the printing of the print job.

Abstract: A developer collecting container 1, mountable to and dismountable from an accommodating portion 10 provided in an apparatus, for collecting a collected matter which is powder or a fluid collected in the apparatus has a constitution in which a bonding portion 5 partially bonding opposing sides of sides forming an accommodating portion 3 for accommodating the collected matter is provided and in which at least a part of the bonding portion 5 is positioned below a height at which a volume of the accommodating portion 3 is half of a target collecting volume in a case that the volume is measured upwardly from a lowermost portion with respect to a direction of gravitation.

Abstract: A door holding device for apparatus includes an door mounted to the apparatus; an attraction member including a magnet and fixed the apparatus; an attracted member fixed on a mounting surface provided on the door and including a magnetic member when the door is in a closing position, the members being opposed and attracted to each other at an attraction plane when the door is closed; and a fastening member fastening the attracted member on the mounting surface. The mounting surface is provided opposed to the attracted member disposed in a side opposite from the plane, and the mounting surface and the plane are inclined, and wherein a fixed position of the attracted member to the mounting surface is adjustable in a direction perpendicular to an intersection line between planes parallel with the mounting surface and the attraction plane.

Abstract: A drum cartridge includes: a drum frame to which a developing cartridge including a storage medium having an electrical contact surface is detachably attachable; a photosensitive drum; a transfer roller; and a conveying roller. The drum is rotatable about a first axis extending in a first direction and positioned at one end portion of the frame in a second direction. The transfer roller is rotatable about a second axis extending in the first direction and in contact with the drum. The conveying roller is rotatable about a third axis extending in the first direction and separated from the transfer roller in the second direction. A first opening of the frame is positioned between the transfer roller and the conveying roller in the second direction. The electrical contact surface is exposed to an outside through the first opening in a case where the developing cartridge is attached to the frame.

Abstract: A system for displaying a holographic image of an object behind a real object surface, including a computing unit for computing data for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object, a location measurement unit for measuring a location of a surface of a real object, a display for displaying the three dimensional image of the object, wherein the computing unit is adapted to compute data to display the three-dimensional image of the object at least partly behind the surface of the real object. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: An optical device including a hologram recording medium that can reproduce an image of a reference member and an irradiation unit that emits a coherent light beam to the optical device. The irradiation unit includes a light source for emitting a coherent light beam and a scanning device capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source and that makes a reflected coherent light beam scan the hologram recording medium. The light source has light sources for emitting coherent light beams having different wavelength ranges. The hologram recording medium has a plurality of recording areas to be scanned with a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device, respectively. Each of the plurality of recording areas has an interference fringe that diffracts a coherent light beam of the corresponding wavelength range.

Abstract: Watch movement including a frame comprising a first bearing and a second bearing, and a tourbillon comprising two cages, of which one cage is known as the external cage, the external cage being mounted in a pivoting manner on the frame between the first bearing and the second bearing, the movement comprising in addition two watch jewels supporting two pivots of the external cage, wherein the movement includes two translational elements capable of displacement in relation to the bearings in the axis of rotation of the external cage in the assembled position of the external cage on the frame, so as to cause a displacement of the watch jewels or a displacement of the pivots.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a holographic display device incorporated in a timepiece device comprising at least one movable hand, having a light source at its peripheral end, and a watch glass comprising at least one hologram at its periphery, said light source being arranged on the hand so that it reconstructs said hologram when it moves into a predetermined angular sector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a CPT atomic clock servo control SoC, which includes a microprocessor, a photoelectric signal demodulation functional module, a temperature control loop functional module, a laser and microwave loop control functional module, a C field control functional module, and a bus bridge. The bus bridge is connected to a system bus and a peripheral bus, for connecting to buses with different speeds. The photoelectric signal demodulation functional module extracts power change information of a microwave and a laser. The temperature control loop functional module controls temperatures of an absorption cell and a laser tube. The laser and microwave loop control functional module implements laser frequency locking and microwave loop locking. The C field control functional module provides a stable C field for the absorption cell.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for determining a phase measurement difference between a received modulated signal and a local clock signal. An adjusted local clock phase measurement may be determined by subtracting, from the phase measurement difference, a phase correction that is based on the frequency difference between the modulator signal's carrier frequency and the local clock's frequency. A phase modulation value may be generated by scaling the adjusted local clock phase measurement. The scaling may be based on a ratio of the modulated signal's carrier frequency and the local clock's frequency. The phase correction may be based on (i) a count of periods of the modulated signal occurring between each corrected phase measurement and (ii) a difference between the carrier frequency and the local clock frequency.

Abstract: A display device and an electronic watch including the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the display device includes a substrate having a through-hole. The display device also includes a display unit formed on the substrate and surrounding the through-hole, the display unit configured to display an image.

Abstract: To provide a wearable terminal device capable of easily realizing an intuitive operation, a control method of a wearable terminal device, and the like. A wearable terminal device includes a display that displays an object, a case provided with the display, a crown provided so as to protrude in a first direction from a side surface of the case, a detector that detects at least one operation of a rotating operation, a pushing operation, and a pulling operation, and a slide movement operation, of the crown, and a processor that executes a command specified based on a detection result by the detector among a plurality of commands.

Abstract: An apparatus for assisting a setup work in a system having lines for producing types of products, each of the lines requesting the setup work for producing the product after switching of the type of product, includes a processor to calculate an earliest time when the setup work for each product in each line becomes executable based on the production-plan information, and when a difference between the earliest time when the setup work for a first product in a first line becomes executable and the earliest time when the setup work for a second product in a second line other than the first line becomes executable is equal or greater than a predetermined threshold value, determines that the setup work for the first product is executed before the setup work for the second product, and determines an execution order of the setup work for each product using a problem solver.

Abstract: A model-based control system comprises a processor. The processor is configured to select a desired parameter of a machinery configured to produce power and to output emissions, and to select an emissions model configured to use the desired parameter as input and to output an emissions parameter. The processor is further configured to continuously tune the emissions model during operations of the machinery via a tuning system to derive a setpoint, and to adjust the setpoint by applying a tuning bias, wherein the tuning bias is continuously updated via segmented linear regression. The processor is additionally configured to control one or more actuators coupled to the machinery based on the adjusted setpoint.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein provides methods for controlling loads in an IP network that is divided into one or more zones and/or subzones. In one aspect, there is provided a method that can associate a plurality of controllers with one of a plurality of zones. Each controller can be connected to one or more loads. The method can associate each controller with an address. The address can include a network address and a host identifier. The network address for each controller in a first zone can be the same. The method can transmit over a network a control message to each controller in the first zone. The control message can cause one or more operational parameters of the loads connected to each controller in the first zone to change. Related apparatus, computer program products, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and a device for solving an optimal power flow in a power supply system. A second convex model of the optimal power flow is established. A relaxation variant sum e according to the second convex model is determined. It is judged whether the relaxation variant sum e is greater than a preset threshold. If the relaxation variant sum e is greater than the preset threshold, the second convex model of the optimal power flow is established. If the relaxation variant sum e is not greater than the preset threshold, the solution of the second convex optimal model is determined as a feasible solution of the optimal model of the optimal power flow.

Abstract: A functional unit is synchronized with an output system unit on the basis of a trigger signal input from outside with a synchronization period. The input system unit includes: a functional processing unit to perform, on the basis of the trigger signal, a functional process with a control period that is shorter than the synchronization period, and to generate processing results by repeatedly performing the functional process in one synchronization period; and a shared memory to collectively output the processing results of the functional processing unit to outside on the basis of the trigger signal.

Abstract: Embodiments provide systems, apparatus and methods for energy management.

Abstract: Example methods and systems for controlling operation of equipment are described. An example method for pausing operation of one or more of electrical and hydraulic systems of an equipment includes receiving, at a computing device having one or more processors, biometric data from a wearable biometric interface of a wearer, and based on the biometric data being outside of a range of baseline data, the computing device controlling operation of a power unit coupled to the equipment to pause movement of one or more components of the one or more of electrical and hydraulic systems of the equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second hardware components. The first component includes at least one first input configured to receive at least one first data or power signal, at least one voltage clamping circuit configured to limit a voltage of the at least one first data or power signal, and at least one first output configured to provide the at least one voltage-limited first data or power signal. The second component includes at least one second input configured to receive at least one second data or power signal, at least one limiter circuit configured to limit an amount of energy in the at least one second data or power signal, and at least one second output configured to provide the at least one energy-limited second data or power signal. The at least one second data or power signal comprises or is based on the at least one voltage-limited first data or power signal.

Abstract: An actuator device including two actuators associated with command circuits and monitoring circuits that are segregated. A control and monitoring card. Calculation means.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positioning system having at least one axis of movement and a serial interface board and method for use therewith. The system includes at least one controller and at least one positioning stage. The at least one positioning stage is in communication with the at least one controller and includes a first positioning stage. The first positioning stage includes a first carriage and a first motor configured to displace the first carriage along a first positioning axis or rotate the first carriage about the first positioning axis. The first positioning stage also includes a first serial interface that is configured to connect to a source of power and receive first-stage sensor signals from one or more stage sensors associated with the first positioning stage. The first serial interface is also configured to communicate at least a portion of the first-stage sensor signals to the at least one controller.

Abstract: A method for using a geometrical probe (5) with a spindle (3) of a machine tool (1), wherein a probe fetch waiting state of the machine tool (1), at least one temperature parameter related to a temperature of the spindle (3) of the machine tool (1) is determined by measuring at least one temperature value for the spindle (3), and time for fetching the geometrical probe (5) is determined depending on the at least one temperature parameter.

Abstract: A method for regulating a facility for processing a series of containers includes an operating phase during which a first machine for processing containers that is equipped with a number of first stations is driven in rotation, and a second machine for processing containers that is equipped with a number of second stations is driven in rotation. The facility has a transfer point from the first to the second processing machine. The operating phase includes a synchronized and paired operating step in which the synchronized rotation of the first and second machines is accompanied by a repetitive series of pairing partners at the transfer point, each pairing partner including a first station arriving at the transfer point coincidentally with a second station, enabling transfer of a container from the first station of the pairing partner to the second station of the pairing partner.

Abstract: A machine tool management device including: (i) process screen display section 120 configured to display a process screen on display 30, the process screen being a screen corresponding to each of multiple machine tool related processes; (ii) menu display section 122 configured to display on the process screen each of (a) a free menu at which it is possible to register any of the multiple machine tool related processes and (b) a fixed menu at which specific processes of the multiple machine tool related processes are displayed; specific person authentication section 124 configured to authenticate a specific person such that an entry operation via display 30 is restricted to only the specific operator; and display menu changing section 126 configured to receive an operation by an operator authenticated by specific person authentication section 124 to perform at least one of (A) changing of a display position of each of the free menu and the fixed menu on the process screen, and (B) changing the presence or abse

Abstract: A computerized method, system, program product and additive manufacturing (AM) system are disclosed. Embodiments provide for modifying object code representative of an object to be physically generated layer by layer by a computerized AM system using the object code. The computerized method may include providing an interface to allow a user to manually: select a region within the object in the object code, the object code including a plurality of pre-assigned build strategy parameters for the object that control operation of the computerized AM system, and selectively modify a build strategy parameter in the selected region in the object code to change an operation of the computerized AM system from the plurality of pre-assigned build strategy parameters during building of the object by the computerized AM system.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a system may include a design experience data store containing electronic records associated with prior industrial asset item designs. A deep learning model platform, coupled to the design experience data store, may include a communication port to receive constraint and load information from a designer device. The deep learning platform may further include a computer processor adapted to automatically and generatively create boundaries and geometries, using a deep learning model associated with an additive manufacturing process, for an industrial asset item based on the prior industrial asset item designs and the received constraint and load information. According to some embodiments, the deep learning model computer processor is further to receive design adjustments from the designer device. The received design adjustments might be for example, used to execute an optimization process and/or be fed back to continually re-train the deep learning model.