Abstract: In one example, an RF coil array includes a first RF coil configured to generate a magnetic field along a first axis, the first RF coil having a first surface, a second RF coil configured to generate a magnetic field along a second axis, orthogonal to the first axis, the second RF coil having a second surface, and a first foldable interconnect coupling the first RF coil to the second RF coil. The first foldable interconnect may be adjusted to couple the first RF coil to the second RF coil with a first amount of overlap and with the first surface and second surface facing a common direction, or couple the first RF coil to the second RF coil with a second amount of overlap, larger than the first amount of overlap, and with the first surface in face to face position with the second surface.

Abstract: A phase actuator for a continuously adjustable phase displacement at a first frequency is provided. The phase actuator has a first inductance with tapping point, a first continuously variable capacitor, and a transformation network. A signal input and a signal output of the phase shifter are connected by the first inductance. The first continuously adjustable capacitor is connected in parallel to the first inductance. The tapping point is connected via a transformation network to a reference mass, where an impedance value of the transformation network corresponds to a quarter wave transform of a capacitance value of the first continuously variable capacitance at the first frequency.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system includes a transmit radio frequency (RF) coil assembly comprising multiple capacitor banks each coupled to at least one diode that is characterized by a high breakdown voltage such that when the transmit RF coil assembly applies at least one slice-selecting RF pulse to a portion of a subject placed in the magnet to select a particular slice for MR imaging, the capacitor banks are selectively adjusted to improve an RF transmission characteristics of the RF coil assembly in transmitting the at least one slice-selecting RF pulse. The MR imaging system may further include a receive radio frequency (RF) coil assembly configured to, in response to at least the slice-selecting RF pulse, receive at least one response radio frequency (RF) pulse emitted from the selected slice of the portion of the subject; a housing; a main magnet; gradient coils; and a control unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for radio frequency (RF) coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. In one embodiment, a radio frequency coil for a medical imaging device comprises: a first electroconductive section having a first end and an opposing, second end; and a first plurality of notches of the first electroconductive section extending from the first end to the second end across a centerline of the first electroconductive section. In this way, an amount electrical eddy currents produced within the electroconductive surfaces of the RF coil is reduced, thereby decreasing a temperature and vibration of the RF coil.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for detecting lesion tissue using contrast agent MRI. The method includes receiving scanner settings; receiving MR parameters for lesion tissue with or without contrast agent; and simulating relationships between an image quality metric and imaging parameters. The method includes selecting a first set of imaging parameters to optimize an image quality metric of a first image acquired before contrast agent administration; selecting a second set of imaging parameters to optimize a lesion enhancement metric of a second image acquired after contrast agent administration; and selecting an image acquisition time for the second image to maximize the lesion enhancement metric. The method includes acquiring the first and second images using the selected first and second sets of imaging parameters, respectively; and generating a combined image from the first and second images.

Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which is given the acronym ULTRA (Unlimited Trains of Radio Acquisitions), can eliminate magnetic gradient reversals and allow simultaneous MR signal acquisition from the entire object volume in each of a multitude of very small receiver coils arranged in a 3D array around the imaging volume. This permits a rate of MR signal acquisition that is greatly increased (e.g. 256 times) compared with existing techniques, with a full 3D image constructed in as little as 1 millisecond. Furthermore, noise—both audible and electrical—is substantially reduced. The advantages over conventional MRI include: 1. Clinical imaging can be completed in seconds or less, with good signal-to-noise ratio; 2. Signal-to-noise ratio further increased by eliminating RF noise due to gradient switching; 3. Real-time functional MRI on millisecond timescales; 4. With single breath holds, high quality imaging of thorax and abdomen. 5. Greatly reduced audible noise and vibration.

Abstract: A method and receiver for determination of angle of arrival in one or two planes of a beam received at an antenna array comprising at least two pairs of antenna elements are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes computing a pair of difference signals, each difference signal being computed from signals from a different one of the at least two pairs of antenna elements. The method further includes determining a directional angle of arrival of the beam in one plane based on the pair of difference signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for sensing acoustic signals using a floating base vector sensor. A vector sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be used to detect and characterize low frequency sound wave(s) in a viscous medium (e.g., air, water, etc.) by detecting a periodic motion of the media particles associated with the sound wave(s). The orientation of the particle velocity deduced from such measurements can provide information regarding the wave vector of the sound wave(s), can define the direction of arrival (DOA) for the acoustic signal, and can assist locating the source of the sound of interest.

Abstract: The present invention is enclosed in the area of wireless communication systems, generally towards the problem of multipath interference, and specifically towards mitigating the effect of standing wave in indoor positioning systems. The present invention includes a standing wave cancellation wireless transmitter configured to, for each signal with wavelength ? to be transmitted, transmit a first wave with wavelength ? and a second wave with wavelength ? and a shift equal to half the wavelength ?. It is also part of present invention a standing wave cancellation wireless receiver configured to perform the average of a first wave with wavelength ? and a second wave with wavelength ? and a shift equal to half the wavelength ?, creating a single received signal and, a system comprising at least one of said wireless transmitters and at least one of said wireless receivers and a method implemented by the said transmitter and receiver.

Abstract: Systems (100) and methods for determining a location of a tag (310). The methods involve: receiving, at each detector of a plurality of detectors (202-216, 306, 308), a device transmission periodically transmitted from the tag; determining, by the detectors, Received Signal Strength Indictors (“RSSIs”) for the device transmission received thereat; determining, by a computing device (218), a probable location of the tag within the passage, first demarcated area or second demarcated area using the RSSIs and relationships between the RSSIs; determining a first likelihood value indicating the likelihood that the probable location is correct; and determining an estimated location of the tag within the passage, first demarcated area or second demarcated area based on the probable location when the first likelihood value meets a first criteria.

Abstract: A radar unit (400) for detecting an existence of interference is described that includes: a millimetre wave (mmW) transceiver (Tx/Rx) circuit configured support a normal data acquisition mode of operation that comprises transmitting a radar signal waveform and receiving an echo signal thereof; a mixed analog and baseband circuit operably coupled to the mmW Tx/Rx circuit; and a signal processor circuit (452) operably coupled to the mixed analog and baseband circuit. An interference detection unit (448) is operably coupled to the mmW Tx/Rx circuit. The radar unit is configured to operate a time-discontinuous mode of operation that includes a first time portion used as an interference monitoring period and a second time portion used by the radar unit in the normal data acquisition mode of operation, whereby the mixed analog and baseband circuit, signal processor circuit (452) and interference detection unit (448) are configured to detect interference signals during the monitoring period.

Abstract: A vehicle, radar system of the vehicle and method of operating a radar system. The radar system includes a first sensor that generates a first chirp signal; a second sensor for generating a second chirp signal and which received reflected signals. One of the first sensor and second sensor receives a signal that includes a first reflected signal related to the first chirp signal and a second reflected signal related to the second chirp signal. A processor multiplies the received signal by one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal to obtain a desired signal indicative of one of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the other of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, and applies a filter to the mixed signal to separate the interference signal from the desired signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and techniques for implementing multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) within the context of a linear frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system are provided. The radar system includes a MIMO transmitter and MIMO receiver. The MIMO transmitter including a first plurality of transmit antennas, a like plurality of transmit signal paths, and a plurality of local oscillators. Each of the local oscillators can generate and provide a ramp signal to each of the plurality of transmit antennas such that each of a plurality of signals transmitted by the plurality of transmit antennas have a frequency which linearly changes from a first frequency to a second frequency and having different first frequencies. The MIMO receiver includes a second plurality of receive antennas and a like plurality of receive signal paths.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for a vehicle radar inspection. A system for inspecting an assembled state of a radar sensor mounted in a vehicle may include a center portion configured to align the vehicle to a reference inspection position; a mobile terminal configured to connect with an external source of communication; a scan portion configured to photograph the radar sensor at a plurality of scan positions using a terahertz wave; and a server configured to match a plurality of scan images photographed by the scan portion, to detect a three-dimensional coordinate of the radar sensor, to transmit a sensor correction value through the mobile terminal, wherein the sensor correction value is determined based on an assembly tolerance that compares with a design plan of the vehicle, and to correct a sensor angle value of the radar sensor.

Abstract: A radar adjustment fixture and method for adjusting a radar device on a vehicle includes a base having wheels for moving on a ground surface, at least one adjustment tool mounted on the base, and at least one manipulator mounted on the base for adjusting an adjustable proximate distance to thereby adjust a vertical height of the at least one adjustment tool. The at least one adjustment tool is located proximally relative to the base and located said adjustable proximate distance relative to the ground surface. The at least one manipulator adjusts said adjustable proximate distance to thereby adjust a vertical height of the at least one adjustment tool. The at least one manipulator is located distally relative to the base and the at least one adjustment tool.

Abstract: Scanning optical system, comprising a rotatable mirror unit including first and second mirror surfaces each inclining relative to a rotation axis, and a light projecting system including a light source which emits light flux toward an object through the mirror unit. The light flux is reflected on the first mirror surface, then to the second mirror surface, and projected so as to scan on the object correspondingly to rotation of the mirror unit. The mirror unit includes multiples pairs of the first and second mirror surfaces, and the respective intersection angles of the multiples pairs are different from each other. In one rotation of the mirror unit, light flux emitted from the light source is reflected on the second mirror surfaces, and is projected sequentially, thereby to scan a measurement range in which the object is measured. Length in a sub scanning direction of the light flux and intersection angles of the multiples pairs correspond to length in a sub scanning direction of the measurement range.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a time-of-flight distance measuring device. The light source includes a plurality of emitting portions, each of which illuminates a respective one of the sub-regions. The light receiver includes a plurality of receiving portions corresponding to respective ones of the emitting portions. The first controller controls (i) a first emitting portion to emit the emitted light including an Nth-order harmonic component of a fundamental frequency and (ii) a second emitting portion to emit the emitted light including an Mth-order harmonic component. The second controller controls a particular receiving portion corresponding to the first emitting portion to be sensible to the Nth-order Mth-order harmonic components. The multipath detector detects occurrence of the multipath error when the particular receiving portion senses both the Nth-order and Mth-order components.

Abstract: A LIDAR calibration module can detect a set of return signals from a plurality of fiducial targets for a set of laser scanners of an autonomous vehicle's LIDAR module. The autonomous vehicle can rest on an inclined platform of a rotating turntable to increase range variation in the return signals. Based on the set of return signals, the LIDAR calibration system can generate a set of calibration transforms to adjust a set of intrinsic parameters of the LIDAR module.

Abstract: A LIDAR calibration system can detect a first set of return signals from a plurality of fiducial targets in a calibration facility for a lower set of laser scanners of the LIDAR module. The LIDAR calibration system can also detect a second set of return signals from one or more planar surfaces associated with a calibration trigger location on a road network for an upper set of laser scanners of the LIDAR module. Based on the first and second sets of return signals, the LIDAR calibration system can generate a set of calibration transforms to adjust a set of intrinsic parameters of the LIDAR module.

Abstract: A system has an actuator with a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being offset a step dimension from the second surface. A sensor is configured to measure a distance between the sensor and both the first surface and the second surface via a signal received by the sensor after having reflected off the first surface or the second surface. The step dimension is greater than a minimum dimension, which is defined in view of a medium through which the actuator moves and a frequency of the signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter device (9) for filtering a supply voltage (Ub) of an ultrasonic sensor (10) of a motor vehicle (1), wherein the filter device (9) is electrically connectable on the input side to a voltage source (8), which provides the supply voltage (Ub), and on the output side to the ultrasonic sensor (10) and wherein the filter device (9) comprises a low-pass filter with a resistor (R1) and a capacitor (C1), wherein the filter device (9) comprises a diode (D2), which is connected in parallel with the resistor (R1).

Abstract: A portable radar sensing device comprises: a millimeter-wave MIMO radar unit; a control unit, including at least one processor and at least one memory; at least one information outputting unit; and an operation interface; wherein the control unit is coupled to the millimeter-wave MIMO radar unit, the at least one information outputting unit and the operation interface for processing a biological detecting operation, and the biological detecting operation includes a space scanning operation and a biological target scanning operation.

Abstract: A portable radar system that may leverage the processing power, input and/or display functionality in mobile computing devices. Some examples of mobile computing devices may include mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers and similar devices. The radar system of this disclosure may include a wired or wireless interface to communicate with the mobile computing device, or similar device that includes a display. The radar system may be configured with an open set of instructions for interacting with an application executing on the mobile computing device to accept control inputs as well as output signals that the application may interpret and display, such as target detection and tracking. The radar system may consume less power than other radar systems. The radar system of this disclosure may be used for a wide variety of applications by consumers, military, law enforcement and commercial use.

Abstract: A method and system to determine angle of arrival of a target include one or more transmitters, one or more receivers, and one local oscillator to provide a local reference signal each in two or more transceiver nodes. The system also includes a controller to determine obtained phase differences for each of the two or more transceiver nodes. Each of the obtained phase differences is between a signal transmitted by one of the one or more transmitters and received by one of the one or more receivers of a same one of the two or more transceiver nodes. The controller estimates the angle of arrival of the target based on the obtained phase differences determined for the two or more transceiver nodes.

Abstract: A system and method to separate close targets includes transmitting a pulse sequence and detecting a first target at a first target Doppler frequency based on processed received reflections resulting from the pulse sequence. A nulling pulse sequence designed to null the processed received reflections at the target Doppler frequency is transmitted.

Abstract: A vehicle, a radar system for the vehicle, and method of driving the vehicle. A radar array having plurality of radar nodes is arranged along the vehicle. Each radar node includes a first transmitter at one end of the node, a second transmitter at a second end of the node and a plurality of receivers aligned between the first transmitter and the second transmitter. At least one of an aperture length of the nodes and a spacing between the nodes is a variable parameter. A processor activates a transmitter of the radar array to generate a test pulse, receive, at a receiver of the radar array, a reflection of the test pulse from an object, and determines an angular location of the object from the reflection of the test pulse. A trajectory of the vehicle can be changed using the determined angular location of the object.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for monitoring a surrounding area (6) of a vehicle-trailer combination (1) formed by a motor vehicle (2) and a trailer (3), with which at least one radar sensor (7) is disposed on a rear area (8) at the trailer (3) for acquiring radar sensor data from the surrounding area (6) behind the trailer (3) and the acquired radar sensor data are transmitted to a controller (10) of the motor vehicle (2). Moreover, the invention concerns a monitoring device (5), a driver assistance system and a vehicle-trailer combination (1).

Abstract: A forward sensing system for a vehicle includes a radar sensor and an image sensor housed in a self-contained unit disposed behind and attached at the vehicle windshield. A control includes an image processor that has an image processing chip that processes image data captured by the image sensor to detect an object of interest present exterior of the vehicle. The control, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data and to sensing by the radar sensor, determines that a potentially hazardous condition exists in a path of forward travel of the vehicle. The radar sensor and the image sensor collaborate in a way that enhances sensing capability of the sensing system. Responsive to determination that the object of interest is in the path of forward travel of the vehicle, the control may at least in part control a driver assistance system of the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for verifying the presence of an attendee in an education session include providing, by a computer hardware processor, information for a codified sound to a leader of the education session, where the leader is located in a substantially enclosed space in which the education session is held. The codified sound represents a leader code. The codified sound is emitted from a first device associated with the leader. A sound signal is received by a second device associated with the attendee. An attendee code is determined from the sound signal received by the second device. The system, such as using the computer hardware processor or the second device, determines whether the attendee code matches the leader code.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic sensor apparatus (3) for a motor vehicle (1), in which a diaphragm of a first ultrasonic sensor (4a) is excited to emit a first ultrasonic signal using a frequency-modulated first excitation signal (10a) and a diaphragm of a second ultrasonic sensor (4b) is excited to emit a second ultrasonic signal using a frequency-modulated second excitation signal, wherein the diaphragm of the first ultrasonic sensor (4a) and the diaphragm of the second ultrasonic sensor (4b) have the same resonant frequency (fR), wherein the first excitation signal (10a) comprises a first frequency range (fa) and the second excitation signal comprises a second frequency range (fb) that differs from the first frequency range (fa), wherein a temporal profile of a maximum amplitude (Am) of the first excitation signal (10a) and a temporal profile of a maximum amplitude (Am) of the second excitation signal are changed.

Abstract: First and second types of object detectors, a sensing device, and a mobile apparatus. The first and second types of object detectors include a light source configured to emit light, photoreceptor configured to receive the light reflected by an object, and a binarizing circuit configured to binarize a signal sent from the photoreceptor at a threshold Vth. In the first and second types of object detectors, object detection processes are performed in a same direction until a high-level signal is output M times from the signal binarized by the binarizing circuit. In the first type of object detector, a value of the M is determined based on an incidence of shot noise where peak intensity exceeds the threshold Vth in the photoreceptor. In the second type of object detector, a threshold Vth is set based on a value of the M.

Abstract: A light ranging system can include a laser device and an imaging device having photosensors. The laser device illuminates a scene with laser pulse radiation that reflects off of objects in the scene. The reflections can vary greatly depending on the reflecting surface shape and reflectivity. The signal measured by photosensors can be filtered with a number of matched filter designed according to profiles of different reflected signals. A best matched filter can be identified, and hence information about the reflecting surface and accurate ranging information can be obtained. The laser pulse radiation can be emitted in coded pulses by allowing weights to different detection intervals. Other enhancements include staggering laser pulses and changing an operational status of photodetectors of a pixel sensor, as well as efficient signal processing using a sensor chip that includes processing circuits and photosensors.

Abstract: A method for depth mapping of objects in a scene by a system of a moving/movable platform is disclosed, comprising actively illuminating the scene with pulsed light that is generated by at least one pulsed light illuminator; receiving, responsive to illuminating the scene, reflections on at least one image sensor that comprises a plurality of pixel elements; gating at least one of the plurality of pixel elements of the at least one image sensor for converting the reflections into pixel values for generating reflection-based images that have at least two depth-of-field ranges and an overlapping DOF region; and determining, based on at least one first pixel value of a first DOF in the overlapping DOF region, and based on at least one second pixel value of a second DOF in the overlapping DOF region, depth information of one or more objects located in the overlapping DOF region of the scene.

Abstract: An optical phased array (OPA) includes, in part, a multitude of phase control elements disposed along N rows and M columns forming an N×M array. The phase control elements disposed along ith row are coupled to ith row signal line and phase control elements disposed along jth column are coupled to jth column signal line. The OPA further includes, in part, a row select block having N switches each configured to couple one of the N rows of the phase control elements to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in response to a row select signal. The OPA further includes, in part, a column select block having M switches each configured to couple one of the M rows of the phase control elements to a ground terminal in response to a column select signal.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to determine a traveling time for a plurality of received light pulses that reflected and returned from an object. Each returned light pulse is associated with a timestamp indicating a time between a transmission time of a corresponding light pulse and a time of arrival of the returned light pulse. For each timestamp, a number C is determined of time stamps that are subsequent to the timestamp and within a predetermined time window after the timestamp. A maximum number C is determined, and an index i is determined for the maximum number C. A traveling time is determined for the plurality of light pulses as an average of the timestamp having a same index as the maximum number C and timestamps that are within the predetermined time window after the timestamp having the same index as the maximum number C.

Abstract: A specific implementation of the method includes: constructing a reflectance map based on a position and an Euler angle, obtained through a global optimization and used for constructing a reflectance map, of a center of a laser radar corresponding to each frame laser point cloud used for constructing the reflectance map collected in each collection region. This implementation implements the level-by-level pose optimization of laser point clouds used for constructing a reflectance map that are collected in each collection region in an excessively large region, to obtain an accurate position and Euler angle, used for constructing the reflectance map, of a laser radar center corresponding to each frame laser point cloud used for constructing the reflectance map, so that accurate coordinates of laser points in each frame laser point cloud used for constructing the reflectance map in a world coordinate system may be obtained.

Abstract: A specific implementation of the method comprises: constructing a reflectance map based on a position and an Euler angle, obtained through a global pose optimization and used for constructing a reflectance map, of a center of a laser radar corresponding to each frame laser point cloud used for constructing the reflectance map. This implementation implements the level-by-level pose optimization of key frame laser point clouds, sample frame laser point clouds, regular frame laser point clouds selected from laser point clouds used for constructing a reflectance map, to obtain an accurate position and Euler angle, used for constructing the reflectance map, of a center of the laser radar corresponding to each frame laser point cloud used for constructing the reflectance map, so that accurate coordinates of laser points in each frame laser point cloud used for constructing the reflectance map in a world coordinate system can be obtained.

Abstract: A system to avoid obstacles, having an infrared emitter emitting an infrared pulse, an infrared receiver aligned with the infrared emitter so as to receive a reflection of the infrared pulse, a timer coupled to the infrared emitter and infrared receiver, the timer controlling a length of time the infrared emitter emits the infrared pulse and an exposure duration of the infrared receiver, the timer simultaneously initiates the emitting of the infrared pulse and an initiation of the exposure duration of the infrared receiver, and a controller coupled to the timer, the infrared emitter and the infrared receiver to adjust the exposure duration of the infrared receiver to determine a distance of an object reflecting the emitted infrared pulse.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling movement of a machine or a portion of the machine. The method comprises processing a waveform based on detected reflected light and a derivative of the waveform. The waveform includes a return. The method further comprises classifying the return as a phantom target or a non-amorphous target based on the result of the processing, and controlling movement of the machine or a portion of the machine based on the result of the classifying the return.

Abstract: A system and method generates a phase scintillation map that is utilized to de-weight satellite signal observations from GNSS satellites. One or more base stations each assign an index value to one or more GNSS satellite in view, where the index value indicates an adverse effect of ionospheric scintillation on signals received from the GNSS satellite. The values and identifiers may be transmitted to a server. The server utilizes the received information to generate the phase scintillation map that may include one or more scintillation bubbles, wherein a location of each scintillation bubble is based on the received information. The phase scintillation map is transmitted to one or more rovers. The rover determines if a pierce point associated with a selected GNSS satellite in view of the rover falls within the boundaries of a scintillation bubble. If so, satellite signal observations from the selected GNSS satellite are de-weighted.

Abstract: A system and method to resolve angle of arrival (AOA) ambiguity in a radar system include receiving received reflections at a plurality of transceiver nodes. Each transceiver node among the plurality of transceiver nodes of the radar system receives one or more of the received reflections at respective one or more receive elements. The method includes determining candidate AOAs {circumflex over (?)}i based on phases differences in the received reflections at the plurality of transceiver nodes, and determining Doppler frequencies fdi based on the received reflections. An estimated AOA {circumflex over (?)} is selected from among the candidate AOAs {circumflex over (?)}i based on matching metrics ?i between the Doppler frequencies and the candidate AOAs {circumflex over (?)}i.

Abstract: A system for controlling a portable tool with autonomous energy source, implementing at least one geo-positioning beacon external to the tool and capable of communicating with the portable tool. The system includes the following elements carried by the portable tool: a receiver, in or on the portable tool, for receiving control information delivered by the at least one beacon; and a processing unit, which determines the presence of the portable tool within or outside at least one pre-determined space, from the control information, communicates with a controller capable of managing the behavior of the tool as a function of the presence of the portable tool within or outside the pre-determined space or spaces and at least one pre-determined production rule.

Abstract: A mobile computer may determine it is located in a vehicle or a conveyance based on a measured distance, satellite related positioning information, and a touch input.

Abstract: The disclosure herein provides a golf GPS device with a hole cup location selection mechanism which displays a plurality of selectable hole cup locations for selection by a user. When the user selects one of the plurality of selectable hole cup locations, the golf GPS device provides the user with a number representative of the distance between the user and the selected one of the plurality of selectable hole cup locations.

Abstract: A system and method provides an Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) qualifier for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position and related values. Specifically, hardware platform diagnostics are executed on one or more platforms associated with a GNSS Position Sensor (GNSSPS) that calculates/obtains position and/or related values. Also, a Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithm is executed on the calculated/obtained position and/or related values. If the results both produce a “good” qualifier, the position and/or related values is assigned an ASIL qualifier of “good” and may be utilized by an ASIL rated system. If either of the qualifiers is a “bad” qualifier, the position and/or related values is assigned an ASIL qualifier of “bad” and cannot be utilized by the ASIL rated system. In addition, the inventive system and method may compute a probability associated with an integrity violation of the RAIM algorithm which may consider the probability of hardware failure.

Abstract: A method of determining the unreliability of a location determination of a device knowing at least the prior determined location and time of determining the location of the device is described.

Abstract: A self-position measuring device includes an information generator, a position extractor, and a navigation method selector. The information generator generates estimated information that is expected to be obtained when at least one of the ground information and the celestial information is obtained, at each of multiple reference points generated on the basis of measured inertial navigation position. The position extractor checks at least the one of the ground information and the celestial information against the estimated information at each of the multiple reference points and extracts a position of a specific reference point corresponding to specific estimated information with a highest matching degree. The navigation method selector selects, on the basis of the specific reference point, a navigation method with less navigational error as a navigation method for measuring the self-position.

Abstract: A PET detecting module may include a scintillator array configured to receive a radiation ray and generate optical signals in response to the received radiation ray. The scintillator array may have a plurality of rows of scintillators arranged in a first direction and a plurality of columns of scintillators arranged in a second direction. A first group of light guides may be arranged on a top surface of the scintillator array along the first direction. The light guide count of the first group of light guides may, be less than the row count of the plurality of rows of scintillators. A second group of light guides may be arranged on a bottom surface of the scintillator array. The light guide count of the second group of light guides may be less than the column count of the plurality of columns of scintillators.

Abstract: An indirect, photon-counting X-ray detector capable of detecting the low-energy X-rays includes a scintillator screen that is directly coupled to a two-dimensional optical sensor. A signal filter receives an electrical output signal from the optical sensor and removes high intensity signal contributions therefrom that are indicative of direct interaction between said X-ray signal and said optical sensor. The scintillator screen has a sufficient thickness to ensure a high absorption of incident X-ray photons, and uses phosphor grains with a relatively small grain size. A cooling apparatus in thermal communication with the optical sensor may be used to control its temperature. The signal filter maintains a running average of changes in measured pixel output values for consecutive measurements, and replaces a measured value caused by a direct interaction event with a value equal to a previous measured value plus said running average.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a radiation detector includes a first scintillator, a second scintillator, and a photoelectric conversion element. The first scintillator converts radiation into light. The second scintillator converts radiation into light and has higher density than the first scintillator. The photoelectric conversion element is provided between the first scintillator and the second scintillator, and includes a photoelectric conversion layer converting light into electric charge.