Abstract: A method for operating a washing machine appliance includes flowing a volume of liquid into a tub, agitating articles within the tub for a first period, the tub containing the volume of liquid, and measuring movement of the tub during agitation of the articles within the tub, the tub containing the volume of liquid. The movement is measured as one or more displacement amplitudes using an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The method further includes agitating articles within the tub for a second period when the final measured movement is greater than an out-of-balance movement threshold, the tub containing the volume of liquid. The method further includes draining liquid from the tub when the final measured movement is less than the out-of-balance movement threshold, and spinning a basket after draining liquid from the tub.

Abstract: A washing machine assembly having a washing machine with an electronic control panel, a refill drawer assembly, and a drum having at least one drum paddle. A basket assembly mounts onto the at least one drum paddle. The basket assembly has at least one basket to contain articles therein to wash, and an elongated curved wall. The basket assembly may have first and second baskets. The at least one basket has first and second walls, an outer lateral wall, an inner lateral wall, and a bottom wall, which are grated. The refill drawer assembly has at least one refill housing that stores and dispenses at least one agent within the washing machine. The electronic control panel is positioned onto an interior panel of the refill drawer assembly. The washing machine further has a light emitting diode system.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a washing machine in which a washing tub and a pulsator are driven separately to thereby form a variety of washing water flows includes: an outer shaft whose one end is connected to a washing tub; an inner shaft whose one end is connected to a pulsator; a planetary gear set that decelerates a rotational speed that is transferred via the inner shaft; first and second bearings that rotatably support the planetary gear set in two-way directions; and a washing machine motor for applying a rotational force to each of the outer shaft and the inner shaft. The washing machine motor includes: an outer rotor; an inner rotor; and a double stator that rotatably drives the outer rotor and the inner rotor independently, in which the output of the pulsator is accelerated or decelerated depending on the direction of rotation of the outer rotor.

Abstract: Provided is a drum washing machine, including: an outer tank, configured in a shell; a drum, configured in the outer tank and capable of rotating by using a horizontal shaft or an inclination shaft inclining relative to a horizontal direction as a center; a rotating body, configured at a rear part of the drum and having protruding parts in contact with washings on a surface of the rotating body; a driving part, capable of operating in a first drying form and a second driving form, wherein the first driving form refers to a driving form which enables the drum and the rotating body to rotate at different rotating speeds, and the second driving form refers to a driving form which enables the drum and the rotating body to rotate integrally at the same rotating speed; and a control part.

Abstract: Methods of determining a laundry load size in a laundry treating appliance comprising a rotatable drum at least partially defining a treating chamber for receiving laundry for treatment in accordance with a treating cycle of operation, at least one imaging device, and a controller having a processor, the method includes generating multiple images and determining, by the controller, a load size based on the multiple images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to steam generator and a washing machine having the same which can minimize remained water in the steam generator, and can prevent the water stored in the steam generator from leaking and the water in the steam generator from being supplied to the clothes together with the steam due to a spray pressure of the steam.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic system for removing wrinkles from a textile clothes load, including an electronic integrated circuit of the microcontroller type placed preferably integrally on the mainboard of the dryer machine located on the control panel, an user interface located preferably on the control panel allowing communications between the user and the dryer machine, and a water-injection means located at the drum's air inlet. A process for removing wrinkles on textile clothes is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lint catching system is provided for a clothes dryer. The lint catching system filters lint from exhaust air expelled from the clothes dryer.

Abstract: A steamer includes a housing, a power cord configured to be selectively coupled to an external power source, a battery, a fluid reservoir positioned in the housing, a reservoir heating element configured to preheat fluid in the fluid reservoir, a steam generating device operable to receive preheated fluid from the fluid reservoir and generate steam, and a nozzle in fluid communication with the steam generating device. The reservoir heating element receives power from the external power source when the power cord is in communication with the external power source. The steam generating device receives power from the battery when the power cord is unplugged from the external power source. The nozzle is configured to receive the steam from the steam generating device and discharge the steam through the nozzle.

Abstract: Provided is a textile printing paper for use in a paper printing method, the textile printing paper being excellent in color development on a printing substrate, transferred unevenness suppressing property and strike-through resistance while satisfying the requirements for adhesiveness of a printed paper to a printing substrate. The textile printing paper comprises a base paper and a glue layer on a surface of the base paper, the base paper having a sizing degree of 10 g/m2 to 40 g/m2 as measured according to JIS P 8140:1998.

Abstract: A method of dyeing knitted fabrics and fabric and vamp fabric with predetermined color using the same are provided. The method includes steps of: providing a plain knitted fabric; entirely spray dyeing the fabric by dye liquor containing nano-particles through the printing and spraying process; executing a high temperature process or a steam process of a thermally drying process to the dyed knitted fabric so that the nano-particles can attach into the fabric of the knitted fabric, and forming the knitted fabric with the predetermined color after the knitted fabric is dyed. The fabric and the dyeing method provided can therefore reduce the production of sewage effectively.

Abstract: Method for making modified cellulose products comprises —processing cellulose pulp to modified cellulose pulp at a manufacturing location to increase the susceptibility of fibers to disintegration, —setting the modified cellulose pulp to a suitable dry matter content, and —transporting the modified cellulose pulp at set dry matter content to a location of use, where the modified cellulose pulp is disintegrated to nanofibrillar cellulose.

Abstract: A deflection member. The deflection member can be a unitary structure having a plurality of discrete primary elements and a plurality of secondary elements. At least one of the secondary elements can be an elongate member having a major axis having both a machine direction vector component and a cross machine direction vector component. Each discrete primary element can be an open structure having at least two linking segments, with at least one of the plurality of linking segments having a Z-direction vector component. In an example, either of the secondary elements or the linking segments can be arranged in a Voronoi pattern.

Abstract: A method of controlling a paper product converting line. The method includes unwinding a paper web from a parent roll on a converting line, the converting line having a plurality of operational parameters, the paper web including a plurality of sections in a sequence, and a plurality of marks, each mark being associated with an action score, at least one action score having an action value, reading at least one of the marks, obtaining the action score associated with a second one of the marks, the second of the marks being a next mark with an action value after the one read mark, calculating a distance between the at least one read mark and the second one, changing at least one operational parameter of the converting line based upon the action score, and converting the paper web into a paper product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specialty pulp products produced using bifunctional reagents composed of polymeric chain and end caps. The polymeric chain is preferably a polyalkylene glycol based polymer and the end caps are preferably a cationic quaternary ammonium. The bifunctional reagents are especially useful in making specialty fluff with dual functional properties—easy defiberization and antimicrobial properties. The specialty fluff of the present invention prevents odor by inhibiting bacteria growth and production of organic matters, especially when used in an absorbent article intended for body waste management such as baby diapers and adult incontinence device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to products, such as paper and paperboard products, comprising a substrate containing cellulose and top ply comprising microfibrillated cellulose and inorganic particulate, to methods of making such paper and paperboard products, and associated uses of such paper and paperboard products. The microfibrillated cellulose and inorganic particulate material are applied at the stage when the wet substrate is in the process of being formed on the wire of a papermaking machine, thereby avoiding the additional cost of more extensive equipment and machinery as well as in separate drying of a coating. The microfibrillated cellulose facilitates the application of inorganic particulate onto the surface of a wet paper or paperboard substrate when applied thusly, by trapping the inorganic particulate on the surface of the substrate and by giving the composite sufficient strength and a suitable pore structure to make it suitable for printing and other end-use demands.

Abstract: A hinged double-frame mould-and-deckle tool for making paper by hand (a keta in Japanese), comprising two equal-size frame sections, mould below and deckle above, which hold between them a flexible bamboo screen (called a su) on which a fiber web is formed, provided with seating grooves, mortised guide bar, finger openings at either end of the front channel, catch latches positioned for optimal seating of the screen and locking of the frame, removable struts, and beveled deckle. For purposes of this application and its claims, a screen or su is not part of the present invention.

Abstract: Retention devices, and methods for retention devices, to retain a railway tie plate are disclosed. The retention devices may include a head section with one or more protrusions adapted to engage a railway rail. The retention devices may include an insert section adapted to fit in a spike hole of a railway tie plate and including one or more flexible members extending from the head section. Each flexible member may allow flex adjustment when the insert section is inserted in the spike hole of the railway tie plate. When the insert section is inserted in the spike hole of the railway tie plate, the head section may engage the railway rail and the insert section may engage the railway tie plate to mechanically interlock the railway tie plate with the railway rail to allow suspension of the railway tie plate from the railway rail.

Abstract: A pre-buried casing tube uses glass fiber reinforced resin as the raw material to enhance the operation strength of the pre-buried casing tube, extend the service life of the pre-buried casing tube, and reduce maintenance cost of the railway transport system. The pre-buried casing tube includes at least one casing tube body, each casing tube body including at least one retaining element, the retaining elements provided in intervals along one side of the casing tube, each casing tube body disposed adjacently so as to form a passage for a screw, each retaining element provided in the passage for the screw.

Abstract: A plate element for a fastening point, at which a rail for rail vehicles is fastened to a fixed base. The plate element has an opening leading from the upper side thereof associated with the rail to be fastened to the underside thereof associated with the base, through which a fastening element for fastening the plate element onto the base is guided during use, which engages with an anchor fitting countersunk into the base, and a fastening point at which a rail for a rail vehicle is fastened to a fixed base. The plate element enables the fastening of a rail onto a fixed base, ensuring optimum electrical insulation. This is achieved by a ring element made from a flexibly resilient material sitting in the region of the mouth of the opening associated with the base.

Abstract: In a method for stabilizing an earth formation exposed after removal of a track and ballast, in a first working pass in a work section following a rear crawler track with regard to a working direction, parallel to the removal of the ballast the earth formation is loosened up, aggregates are introduced, and grading takes place. In a second working pass, the earth formation to which aggregates have been added is mixed thoroughly by getting picked up by means of a clearing chain and transported onward to a discharge point located behind the rear crawler track and discharged again upon the exposed earth formation, after which, by grading and consolidating the discharged earth formation, a rehabilitation layer is formed.

Abstract: An earth working roller for use in an earth working machine includes a roller drum, which extends in a direction along a roller axis of rotation, surrounds a roller interior, and has a circular outer circumferential contour, wherein a substrate breaking configuration is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the roller drum. The substrate breaking configuration includes a plurality of impact bars along the roller drum in the direction of the roller drum axis of rotation, as well as a plurality of breaker bars along the roller drum in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: An end treatment array for crash attenuation includes a transition barrier module formed of side walls, end walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall, wherein the module walls together define an enclosed interior space. The end treatment array further includes a containment impact sled having an axially extending frame. The frame has a width sufficient to contain the transition barrier module within the frame when in an assembled configuration, and has an axial length which is at least one-half the length of the transition barrier module. The frame defines an interior volume, the purpose of which is to contain a substantial portion of the transition barrier module in the assembled configuration, and to contain debris caused by destruction of the plastic barrier modules in a vehicular impact. The containment impact sled is attached to the transition barrier module.

Abstract: A terminal for an end portion of a road crash barrier, comprising: a plurality of energy absorbing modules arranged in a linear formation along a longitudinal axis, each module defining a hollow section; and at least two anchors for anchoring the one or more energy absorbing modules, wherein at least one of the energy absorbing modules is supported by a flexible linear member between the at least two anchors.

Abstract: Compressible shock absorber (100), characterized in that it includes at least one pair of shock absorbing elements (110) co-axial and telescopic reciprocally sliding along a longitudinal sliding axis (X); said shock absorbing elements (110) co-axially include a cavity (115) and include therein a compressible air volume during their axial sliding reciprocal between a first position of maximum axial extension and a second position of lower axial extension; said at least one pair of shock absorbing elements (110) includes air extractors (140) susceptible of allowing an extraction of the air from said internal volume progressive with the reduction of the axial extension following the impact of a vehicle against said shock absorber.

Abstract: A snow thrower including an auger, a chute, a prime mover, and first and second drive wheels powered by the prime mover configured to be driven at variable speeds. The snow thrower further includes a user interface including a left hand grip and a right hand grip configured to pivot within an angular range of motion relative to an axis of rotation to indicate a direction and a magnitude of a desired turn, a steering sensor, and an electronic control unit configured to control operation of the first and second drive wheels. The user interface is pivoted in a first direction about the axis of rotation, the first and second bumpers are configured to contact the first and second force sensors to apply forces to the first and second force sensors to send first and second signals indicative of the forces to the electronic control unit.

Abstract: Buoyancy compensated erosion control modules and systems are provided. One embodiment includes a shell having at least one wall oriented at an off-vertical angle, a substantially enclosed inner cavity, the inner cavity at least partially filled with a foam core, a perimeter footing at the bottom of the shell, the perimeter footing having a lower cavity that is open on the bottom, at least one vertical pile sleeve and at least one battered pile sleeve, and at least one connector to couple the module to a second module.

Abstract: A screen intake has a central body with two screens attached on either end. Each of the screens has an interior that communicates with a hollow of the body via flow modifiers. These flow modifiers include one or more pipes disposed in the interior of the screens and through passages in ends of the body. A flow control support device disposed within the body supports the body's sidewall and divides the hollow into at least two portions—each communicating with flow from one of the flow modifiers. The device can include one or more plates disposed adjacent one another within the internal hollow with a peripheral edge attached to an inside of the body's sidewall. At least one of the one or more plates can be solid, or one or more of the plates can define openings therein allowing passage of at least some fluid therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foundation for a wind turbine. To reduce set-up time and to allow complete alignment of the platform which carries the base flange of the tower construction, the invention provides a foundation with a cage structure having an upper stress distribution flange connected by a plurality of tensioned anchor bolts to a lower flange. The flanges are separated by a number of distance elements whereby the shape of the cage structure becomes fixed by the combination between tensioned bolts and distance elements. Since the cage structure has a fixed shape, the upper stress distribution flange can be aligned before the cage structure is embedded in concrete, and it becomes unnecessary to wait for the concrete to harden.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve unit for the exclusive hydraulic actuation of the locking means of a mechanical quick-changer for attachments of a construction machine, wherein the valve unit comprises a feed pressure connector for applying the feed pressure, a first valve unit outlet for connecting an unlocking pressure line, a second valve unit outlet for connecting a locking pressure line, at least one discharge to the tank, and at least two switchable directional valves, with the feed pressure connector being connected or connectable to the second valve unit outlet via a serial connection of the at least two switchable directional valves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement related to a rotator, especially for a work tool supported by an arm, whereby the rotator (10) comprises a stator (20) and a rotor (30). A fastening ring (50) for the attaching of a work tool is separately journalled (D) relative to the stator (20) independently of a bearing (B, C) between the stator (20) and the rotor (30). A driver (80; 180; 280) is used to transfer the rotational movement of the rotor (30) to the fastening ring (50).

Abstract: A working machine including a movable implement, a hydraulic actuator for displacing the implement, and a hydraulic control system for enabling an operator to control movement of the implement. The control system allows the implement to be returned to a desired position or state, such as a return to dig position or a return to float state, in a single automated operation that is initiated by the operator actuating a switch at the same time as moving a joystick in a desired direction. A pilot-operated valve is used to supply hydraulic fluid under pressure to the actuator acting on the implement and the operation of the joystick is detected by means of a pressure sensor connected to a control line of the pilot-operated valve.

Abstract: A work machine includes a machine body, an engine, a rotary electrical device, and an electric power controller. The engine is provided on the machine body to move the machine body. The rotary electrical device is provided on the machine body to move the machine body. The electric power controller is disposed above the rotary electrical device in a height direction along a height of the work machine to control the rotary electrical device.

Abstract: The present invention improves a work efficiency of an entire system for operating a plurality of working machines. An operation system of the working machine includes a work progress calculating unit 80 which calculates a work progress of a plurality of working machines or a scheduled ending time calculating unit 81 which calculates a scheduled ending time of a work by using the work progress calculated by the work progress calculating unit 80. A working machine of which an operation is switched from automatic control to remote control is determined from among the plurality of working machines by using the work progress or the scheduled ending time, and the operation system includes a centralized operation controller 43 which transmits an operation instruction to the determined working machine.

Abstract: A valve subassembly includes a pump connection location, a tank connection location, and two constantly adjustable direction control valves each with first and second operating connection locations and an input connection location. A first valve group includes one direction control valve whose input is connected in parallel to two separate pump lines such that pressurized fluid is directed exclusively from the two pump lines to the control connection location. The two pump lines include a maximum of a first pump line and each remaining pump line is a second pump line. The maximum one first pump line is directly connected to the pump connection location in fluid terms, and a separate constantly adjustable pump valve is associated with each second pump line. Pressurized fluid is directed from the pump connection location via the pump valve into the associated second pump line.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a tooth (1) for attachment to the lip of a bucket of a working machine, such as an excavator or loader, via an adaptor, the tooth (1) comprising a cavity (103) for receiving a portion of said adaptor, the cavity (103) extending between said first and second opposed outer working surfaces (12, 14) from an open end (104), at said attachment end of the tooth, to a bottom end (105); the cavity (103) being delimited by an inner wall (102); said inner wall (102) comprising first and second internally facing inner walls (106, 107), being the internal surfaces associated with said first outer working surface and said second working outer surface (12,14), respectively, and opposing side walls (108), interconnecting said first and second inner walls (106, 107), the cavity defining a back portion (BP) extending along the Y axis, the back portion being at least partially located between the plane spanned by the X and Z axis and the open end (104) of the cavity, a front portion (FP) exte

Abstract: A greywater recovery and reuse system is shown, including a body for collecting, reconditioning and discharging greywater. The body has an inlet connection to a source of greywater; a filter for filtering the greywater; a tank for receiving the filtered greywater; a disinfector for disinfecting the filtered greywater; a pump for discharging the reconditioned greywater from said tank to a toilet that needs flushing water; a discharge connection to a sanitary sewer system; a fresh water connection and a control system for controlling the operation of the greywater recovery and reuse system. The system includes a controller for operating the system and dealing with certain alarm and status conditions. Methods of operating the system are also comprehended.

Abstract: A device for detecting water loss and consumption from commercial and residential commodes is provided. The device includes a water flow sensor and a shut-off assembly. The device has a controller that receives input from the flow sensor and sends a signal to the shut-off assembly whenever excess water flow is detected.

Abstract: A sealed valve box assembly includes a valve box lid made of a rigid material, a valve box body made of a rigid material, and an annular sealing gasket made of a resilient compressible material. The valve box body has a central opening in which an annular void is created when the valve box lid is inserted therein with a circumferential row of spaced apart vertical protuberances on the valve box lid. The annular sealing gasket has a circumferential row of spaced apart vertical channels matching the circumferential row of spaced apart vertical protuberances such that the vertical channels on the annular sealing gasket interfit with the vertical protuberances on the valve box lid so as to provide an air-tight press-fitted sealed relationship between the valve box lid and valve box body.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to problems associated with the installation of new sillcocks in existing masonry or other building materials. A sillcock, or ‘hose bib’ having broader base plate is provided to prevent collapse especially in older or damaged building materials and to minimize damage to new installations.

Abstract: A basin faucet includes a curved faucet made of a metal material and a soft pipe made of a plastic material. The soft pipe is mounted in the curved faucet. One end of the soft pipe is connected with a water outlet connector, and another end of the soft pipe is connected with a water inlet connector. One end of the water inlet connector is fixed to the curved faucet. Another end of the water inlet connector is connected with a water inlet pipe. The water outlet connector is fixed to the curved faucet. At least one of the water inlet connector and the water outlet connector is detachably connected with the soft pipe. The water flows in the soft pipe, not in contact with the curved faucet, and will not cause secondary pollution. The basin faucet provides non-toxic, harmless and green environment-friendly effects.

Abstract: A method for operating a sanitary fitting having a housing with a spout and a touch sensor, wherein in a touch mode of the sanitary fitting a tapping of a fluid can be activated by touching the touch sensor and wherein by touching the touch sensor for a period of at least 3 seconds, the touch mode is disabled. In addition, a sanitary fitting is specified, which controller is designed and provided for performing the method.

Abstract: A sanitary basin molded part, for example a kitchen sink, a washbasin or a shower tray, has a main part (10) that has the shape of the sanitary basin molded part and ensures its mechanical stability. On the visible side of the sanitary basin molded part a covering layer (20) is arranged in at least one surface region on top of the main part (10). The covering layer includes a fibrous tissue (24) saturated with a cured binding agent. A method produces a sanitary basin molded part of this kind.

Abstract: A diaphragm type flush valve for use with toilet devices such as urinals and water closets that includes a valve member, a diaphragm, a guide member extends downwardly from the diaphragm, and a disk positioned on top of the diaphragm. The disk is threadably attached to the guide member and functions to secure the diaphragm, the disk, and the guide member into the valve member. The disk includes a rigid body made of a composite material and a seal member made of an adhesive and a thin layer of rubber, with the seal member having a portion on an upper surface of the disk for sealing contact with a relief valve. The disk also includes a plurality of spaced protrusions and inwardly directed on its upper surface in order to add accuracy and stability to the diaphragm assembly.

Abstract: The device includes a replaceable reservoir (1) of a product, and a predetermined quantity of the product is supplied to an interior of a toilet bowl. The device includes first (3) and second (4) housings, interconnected therebetween, the first housing (3) being connected to the replaceable reservoir (1) and mixing the toilet flush water and the product in the second housing (4). The device further includes a valve (5) movable between two positions, including a position in which the communication between said first and second housings (3, 4) is closed and a position in which the communication between the first and second housings (3, 4) is open. The device makes it possible to dose a predetermined quantity of product mixed with the toilet flush water in the interior of a toilet bowl.

Abstract: An in-toilet leak detector is disclosed, as are communication systems for reporting toilet leaks. The leak detector comprises an inlet that receives water from the toilet's fill tube and diverts it through a flow tube. A capacitive sensor is located between the inlet and an opening of the flow tube from which water flows into the overflow tube of the toilet tank. A housing is connected to the flow tube and the inlet and contains a controller and other electronics, including one or more transceivers. The leak detector measures the duration of water flow and establishes an alert if the water flow is shorter or longer in duration than a calibrated normal duration. The transceivers connect the leak detector to a computer network, and leak alerts are communicated to a server or servers so that they can be forwarded directly to those responsible for fixing the toilets.

Abstract: A toilet having a tank including a bottom with an outlet; a pedestal having a bowl and a ledge, an inlet and three holes around the inlet are disposed in the ledge; a valve having a threaded valve body extending through the outlet to the inlet; a mounting bracket having a generally triangular base and three mounting locations disposed around an opening in the base with one mounting location proximate each corner of the base, each mounting location includes an offset mounting surface; a valve nut threaded to the valve body to hold the mounting bracket between the bottom and the valve nut; a flexible gasket disposed around the valve nut between the mounting bracket and the pedestal; and three fasteners disposed externally to the tank, each fastener extending through one mounting location and one hole in the ledge to secure the mounting bracket to the pedestal.

Abstract: A modular fluid capture system retains stormwater runoff beneath a ground surface. Internal components include columns and struts, while outer components include walls, ceilings, and/or floors. Load bearing vertical column components having column openings are spaced apart and/or stacked to form capture system layer(s). Elongated horizontal strut components install into the column openings to couple columns into an interconnected internal structure that distributes physical loads across all or most column components. Wall, ceiling, and/or floor components couple to this interconnected internal structure to form the outer walls, ceiling, and floor. The overall fluid retention volume is the overall volume within the walls, ceiling, and floor, minus the displacement volume of the internal components. This overall system fluid retention volume is substantially greater than the displacement volume.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is wastewater pipe having a shape that is operable to flow both small and large volumes of wastewater. The wastewater pipe includes a bottom portion with a different diameter than to top portion. The top and bottom portions of the wastewater pipe are connected by side walls that extend tangentially from the bottom portion and intersect tangentially with the top portion. The pipes may also variously include alignment tabs.

Abstract: A manhole base assembly and a method for making the same employ a non-cylindrical, low-volume concrete base that is fully lined to protect the concrete against chemical and physical attack while in service. This lined concrete manhole base assembly may be readily produced using a modular manhole form assembly which can be configured for a wide variety of geometrical configurations compatible with, e.g., varying pipe angles, elevations and sizes. The form assembly is configurable to provide any desired angle and elevation for the pipe apertures to interface with various underground systems, and can be formed on-site to facilitate compatibility with existing structures. The assembly provides for flexible, modular construction of a wide variety of lined manhole base assemblies at minimal cost, reduced concrete consumption and reduced operational complexity. The modular nature of the production form assembly also facilitates reduced inventory requirements when various manhole base assembly geometries are needed.