Abstract: A measurement tool includes a rotation stage supporting an workpiece support, a thickness sensor overlying a workpiece support surface; a translation actuator coupled to the thickness sensor for translation of the thickness sensor relative to the workpiece support surface; and a computer coupled to control the rotation actuator and the translation actuator, and coupled to receive an output of the thickness sensor.

Abstract: Method for compensating a reference measurement including a measurement of angular position ? and a measurement of time T1 that are simultaneous at the time t1, for an angular position sensor of the type including a toothed wheel, includes the following steps: determination of a first measurement ? of corresponding angular position at the moment in time t1 when a reference measurement is desired; triggering of a software acquisition function; substantially simultaneous acquisitions of a second measurement ?? of the angular position and of a measurement T2 of the time by software acquisition at a time t2; estimation of an error ?T; and calculation of the compensated measurement of time, T1=T2??T. A Sensor for measuring angular position, of the type including a toothed wheel, implementing such a compensation method is described.

Abstract: A non-contact angle/torque sensor comprises an upper rotor in an annular shape having a central axis, and in which magnets are located, the magnets positioned within the annular shape around the central axis with the north and the south poles of adjacent magnets being oriented opposite to one another, and a lower rotor in an annular shape and sharing the central axis of the upper rotor, and located spaced outwardly from an outer circumferential surface of the upper rotor. The lower rotor has upper and lower stators spaced apart along the central axis. The upper stator has upper and lower backplanes and a series of upper and lower extensions extending from the respective backplanes. The upper extensions and the lower extensions are not intermeshed or overlapped.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a full-field Z-direction displacement measurement system. Dynamic measurement is achieved on the basis of laser shearing speckle interferometry by using a spatial domain phase shift method. The homogeneity and similar measurement accuracy of the laser shearing speckle interferometry and the Doppler interferometry are further used to help the laser shearing speckle interferometry to implement absolute displacement measurement by using the single-point time domain Doppler interferometry. By means of the improvements in these aspects, the measurement system of the present invention can achieve full-field Z-direction displacement measurement, high-precision full-field absolute value vibration measurement and transient depth measurement, and can have important applications in depth measurement, three-dimensional sensing, vibration measurement in aerospace and the depth measurement in new material characterization detection and other fields.

Abstract: A device for measuring a distance to an object comprises a beam splitter for splitting broadband coherent light emitted by a light source in measuring light which is guided through an object arm to the object to be measured and in reference light which is guided to a reference arm. The object arm includes a focusing optics with a focus movable along an optical axis of the object arm. The focusing optics comprises a movable optical element and is configured such that a movement of the movable optical element along the optical axis causes a higher movement of the focus of the focusing optics along the optical axis. The movable optical element of the focusing optics is coupled to the reference arm such that the optical path length of the reference arm can be tracked synchronously with and dependent on the movement of the focus of the focusing optics.

Abstract: A method for calibrating electromagnetic radiation-based three-dimensional imaging includes: obtaining (501) a calibration imaging result at least partly on the basis of electromagnetic waves received from a calibration artifact, forming (502) calibration data on the basis of the calibration imaging result and a known thickness profile of the calibration artifact, and correcting (503), with the aid of the calibration data, an imaging result obtained at least partly on the basis of electromagnetic waves received from a sample to be imaged. The calibration artifact includes layers, for example Langmuir-Blodgett films, having pre-determined thicknesses and stacked on each other so as to achieve the pre-determined thickness profile of the calibration artifact. A three-dimensional imaging system configured to carry out the method.

Abstract: An optical instrument including at least a first and second wavelength swept vertical cavity laser (VCL) sources. The wavelength sweeping ranges spanned by the first and second VCL sources may differ with a region of spectral overlap. The first and second VCL sources may be operable under different modes of operation, wherein the modes of operation differ in at least one of: sweep repetition rate, sweep wavelength range, sweep center wavelength, and sweep trajectory. A VCL source may also exhibit sweep-to-sweep variation. Apparatus and methods are described for aligning sample signal data from the first VCL and sample signal data from the second VCL to generate output digital data. The output digital data is aligned with respect to at least one of: wavelength, wavenumber, and interferometric phase. The apparatus and methods can also be used to phase stabilize successive sweeps from the same VCL source or wavelength swept source.

Abstract: A method for digital holographic microtomography comprises (a) providing at least one wavefront controlling device for driving a sample to be rotated and/or an incident beam scanning the sample, (b) utilizing a digital holographic access unit for recording the transmitted or reflected wavefronts of the sample, (c) utilizing a digital holography reconstructing method for reconstructing the transmitted or reflected wavefronts of the sample, and (d) utilizing a tomographic reconstruction approach for reconstructing three dimensional image information of the sample.

Abstract: A system and method for conducting Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) inspections and integrating inspection data with encoding information may include a NDE probe configured to conduct a non-destructive examination of an object, a shape sensing fiber optic cable attached to the NDE probe, the fiber optic cable configured to receive a frequency of light and to reflect the received light, a fiber optic cable shape sensing detector configured to generate light of the frequency, measure the shape of the shape sensing fiber optic cable based on the reflected light from the shape sensing fiber optic cable, and determine position information and orientation information of the NDE probe based on the measured shape of the fiber optic cable, and a processor configured to encode the examination data, the encoding including correlating the position information and the orientation information with the examination data.

Abstract: A sensor system and a method of operating a sensor system including a plurality of sensors tracking a moving object in an area having known bounding surfaces. The apparatus and method calculate a time-specific position of the object based on data and sensor parameters from at least two of the plurality of sensors and determine errors between the calculated time-specific positions calculated. The method and apparatus calculate a minimum system error attributable to the at least two sensors by constraining at least one dimension in the data of the sensor used in the calculated time-specific position of the object associated with the sensor, the constraining based on an object/surface interaction, the minimum system error calculated by solving for modified sensor parameters for each sensor.

Abstract: A spectroscopic beam profile metrology system simultaneously detects measurement signals over a large wavelength range and a large range of angles of incidence (AOI). In one aspect, a multiple wavelength illumination beam is reshaped to a narrow line shaped beam of light before projection onto a specimen by a high numerical aperture objective. After interaction with the specimen, the collected light is passes through a wavelength dispersive element that projects the range of AOIs along one direction and wavelength components along another direction of a two-dimensional detector. Thus, the measurement signals detected at each pixel of the detector each represent a scatterometry signal for a particular AOI and a particular wavelength. In another aspect, a hyperspectral detector is employed to simultaneously detect measurement signals over a large wavelength range, range of AOIs, and range of azimuth angles.

Abstract: Optical sensors are adapted for distance measurement by emission and capture of measuring radiation reflected from an object to be measured. The optical sensors can be used with measuring devices, including coordinate measuring machines. The optical sensors have an optomechanical coupling unit, configured for automated coupling of the optical sensor to the measuring device and for bidirectional measuring radiation transmission between measuring device and optical sensor. The optical sensors have a first optical measuring channel, by which bidirectional measuring radiation transmission is provided between the measuring device and a first exit window of the optical sensor.

Abstract: An image-capture inspection and documentation system is provided to capture images of post-tensioned concrete anchorage structures to verify and document proper tendon terminations in post-tensioned concrete structures. A method is disclosed for using such an image-capture inspection system to inspect, verify, and document the tendon tail-end terminations within recessed grout pockets for multiple anchorage locations while generating a digital image of each location with visual indications for both tendon tail-end termination and anchorage location identification for each such location.

Abstract: A method for measuring the thickness on measurement objects, whereby at least one sensor measures against the object from the top and at least one other sensor measures against the object from the bottom and, at a known distance of the sensors to one another, the thickness of the object is calculated according to the formula D=Gap?(S1+S2), whereby D=the thickness of the measurement object, Gap=the distance between the sensors, S1=the distance of the top sensor to the upper side of the measurement object, and S2=the distance of the bottom sensor to the underside of the measurement object, is characterized by the compensation of a measurement error caused by tilting of the measurement object and/or by displacement of the sensors and/or by tilting of the sensors, whereby the displacement and/or the tilting is determined by calibration and the calculated thickness or the calculated thickness profile is corrected accordingly. The invention further concerns a device for applying the method.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a device for monitoring the thickness of a wheel valve hole on line, which is mainly composed of a frame, a base plate, a lifting cylinder, a first bracket, a bearing base, a linear bearing, a mounting plate, a guide shaft, a lifting shaft, a first servo motor, a first synchronous pulley, a connecting plate, a synchronous belt, a second synchronous pulley and the like, wherein the base plate, a third bracket and a second mounting rack are fixed on the frame, a visual sensor is mounted on the third bracket, the mounting plate is fixed on the base plate via the first bracket, the bearing base is fixed on the mounting plate, and the lifting shaft is mounted on the bearing base via the linear bearing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for efficient and accurate inspection of tubular goods are disclosed. Inner and outer diameter measurements of a tubular good along the entire length are obtained using laser or other light measurement systems. Discrete sections of a tubular good can be identified. For each section, at least one measurement of an outer diameter of an outside surface of the discrete section, and at least one measurement of an inner diameter of an inside surface of the discrete section are obtained. In addition, a geometric center coordinate for each discrete section of the tubular good is obtained. The measurements defining the outside surface, inside surface, and geometric center in association with the longitudinal position of each discrete section are recorded.

Abstract: A length-measuring device includes a scanning carriage for scanning a measuring graduation that is to be guided longitudinally in the measurement direction on a guide surface. A coupling couples the scanning carriage to a drive dog rigidly in the measurement direction and resiliently transversely to the measurement direction. A first spring is disposed between a connecting element of the coupling and the drive dog and exerts a pressure force on the scanning carriage at a first position so as to press the scanning carriage against the guide surface. A second spring is disposed between the connecting element and the scanning carriage. The second spring is spaced apart from the first spring in the measurement direction and exerts a pressure force on the scanning carriage at a second position spaced apart from the first position in the measurement direction so as to press the scanning carriage against the guide surface.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) coordinate measuring system is provided. The system includes an aerial measuring device that has an aerial drone and a 3D measurement device. The 3D measurement device being rotatably attached to the aerial drone, the aerial drone is movable from a first position to a stationary second position. The 3D measurement device being configured to optically measure points on the surface of an object. The system further includes one or more processors configured to execute nontransitory computer readable instructions. The computer readable instructions comprise: moving the aerial measuring device from the first position; landing the aerial measuring device at the second position; rotating the 3D measurement device to optically measure a first object point; and determining a first 3D coordinates of the first object point with the 3D measuring device.

Abstract: A mobile unit (5) is described for measuring running paths for handling systems, in particular bridge cranes, sliding on a route (2), comprising at least one first measuring device (62) which constitutes a space reference of the mobile unit (5) with respect to at least one fixed measuring unit (3) comprising second measuring device (61), the first measuring device (62) being connected to the mobile unit (5) by interposing at least one handling device adapted to synchronize measuring operations between the first measuring device (62) and the second measuring device (61) of the fixed measuring unit (3). A system for measuring (1) running paths for handling systems through such mobile unit (5) and a process for measuring through such system (1) are further described.

Abstract: A method for target measurement is provided which comprises designing a reflection-symmetric target and measuring overlays of the target along at least one reflection symmetry direction of the target. Also, a tool calibration method comprising calibrating a scatterometry measurement tool with respect to a reflection symmetry of a reflection symmetric target. Further provided are methods of measuring scatterometry overlay using first order and zeroth order scatterometry measurements of a reflection-symmetric scatterometry targets. Also, a scatterometry target comprising a reflection-symmetric target having two cells in each of at least two measurement directions, wherein respective cells have different offsets along one measurement direction and similar offsets along other measurement directions. Further, a scatterometry measurement system comprising a reflection symmetric illumination and calibrated to measure reflection symmetric targets.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a haze of a substrate surface by a particle counter apparatus using scattering light, the method including calibrating a haze value with the use of a standard sample at the time of obtaining the haze value of the substrate surface from scattering light intensity of light which is entered on the substrate surface, and by using a sample having standard particles applied thereto as the standard sample. Consequently, the method for evaluating a haze by which a haze value of the particle counter apparatus can be calibrated with the use of the standard sample for a haze and a measurement accuracy of the haze can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for determining a position of a divergent radiation source (1), comprising Irradiating a pixel detector (2) with a predetermined intensity distribution of radiation with wavelength ? originated from the radiation source (1), wherein the pixel detector (2) comprises a plurality of pixels with pixel coordinates (xi, yi, zi); Detecting, for each of the plurality of pixels, an intensity of the incident radiation (10); Determining, for each of the plurality of pixels, an incidence direction of the incident radiation using information on an orientation of an internal periodic structure at the pixel and the predetermined intensity distribution, wavelength ? and the detected intensity; and Determining the position (xp, yp, zp) of the radiation source (1) using the pixel coordinates (xi, yi, zi) and the incidence direction for each of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A binoculars rangefinder includes a central shaft, two eyepieces, two objective lenses, two prism modules, an optical transmitter, and an optical receiver. The eyepieces are disposed on two sides of the central shaft, allowing a first light beam reflected by an object to pass therethrough. The objective lenses are disposed on the two sides of the central shaft. The prism modules are disposed between the eyepieces and objective lenses. The optical transmitter is configured to emit a second light beam to the object. The optical receiver is configured to receive the second beam which is reflected by the object.

Abstract: A multifunctional rangefinder capable of functioning as a rangefinder and at least one additional function. The multifunctional rangefinder comprises a laser transmitter for transmitting a laser pulse and an object lens, located at an inlet of the multifunctional rangefinder, for capturing light reflected by a target and focusing the reflected light at a first digital micro-mirror device. The first digital micro-mirror device has a plurality of micro-mirrors, and each of the plurality of micro-mirrors has an “on” position and an “off” position. A single detector element receives light reflected by the plurality of micro-mirrors of the first digital micro-mirror device. An optical condenser arrangement is located between the digital micro-mirror device and the detector element. An analog/digital converter is coupled to the single detector element for processing signals detected by the single detector element. A grating, a second digital micro-mirror device, first and second collimating lens are also provided.

Abstract: A tiltmeter-integrated two element optical relative alignment monitor provides relative alignment and contact sensing and can provide precise information regarding the nature of physical contact experienced by objects being monitored. A computer monitor can display the information in real time, in an intuitive manner. This system can provide all the information with good resolution in a low-cost, easily installable package for a wide variety of research, high energy physics applications, and industrial uses. A projector unit is mounted on one component containing a diffuse light source, a coded mask, and a lens. The projector is aligned with a camera to receive the focused image. Shifts in the image of the mask indicate relative motion between the camera and the projector unit. A tiltmeter is affixed to either the camera or projector, to distinguish between image shifts due to translational movement and image shifts due to rotation or tilting.

Abstract: Inclinometers with a parallel dipole line (PDL) trap system are provided. In one aspect, an inclinometer includes: a PDL trap having a pair of dipole line magnets, a transparent tube in between the dipole line magnets, and a diamagnetic object within the transparent tube, wherein the diamagnetic object is levitating in between the dipole line magnets; and a sensing system for determining a position z of the diamagnetic object in the PDL trap and for determining an inclination angle ? using the position z of the diamagnetic object in the PDL trap. Techniques to detect the diamagnetic object position using optical, capacitive and manual methods are described. A method for determining an inclination angle ? using the present inclinometers is also provided.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that comprises a camera module and a control and evaluation unit. The camera module is designed to be attached to the surveying pole and comprises at least one camera for capturing images. The control and evaluation unit has stored a program with program code so as to control and execute a functionality in which a series of images of the surrounding is captured with the at least one camera; a SLAM-evaluation with a defined algorithm using the series of images is performed, wherein a reference point field is built up and poses for the captured images are determined; and, based on the determined poses, a point cloud comprising 3D-positions of points of the surrounding can be computed by forward intersection using the series of images, particularly by using dense matching algorithm.

Abstract: A BAW gyroscope is configured to operate with two pairs of orthogonal modes instead of a single pair in order to mitigate the impact of changes in gaps (e.g., introduced from external stresses such as thermal gradients, external shocks, mechanical stress/torque, etc.). Specifically, the BAW gyroscope resonator is configured to be simultaneously driven to resonate with a two disparate resonant modes (referred to herein as the “fundamental” mode and the “compound” mode), with the same set of drive electrodes used to drive both resonant modes (i.e., all of the drive electrodes are used to drive the two drive modes). When the sensor experiences external rotation, energy couples from the driven modes of vibration to two corresponding orthogonal sense modes via the Coriolis force. The same set of sense electrodes is used to sense both sense modes (i.e., all of the sense electrodes are used to sense the two sense modes).

Abstract: Activity monitoring may include tracking of a route or location where the activity was performed. In some examples, the route may be displayed against a heat map identifying areas of higher activity or popularity. Alternatively or additionally, routes may be automatically generated by a system based on various specifications such as an amount of time, a preferred location (a start and an end), a level of popularity or activity level, and the like and/or combinations thereof. A user's workout information may further be stored in association with a particular location or route.

Abstract: A methodology includes determining coarse location coordinates for a mobile device, anchoring the coarse location coordinates to a map, receiving inertial measurement unit data supplied by the mobile device, wherein the inertial measurement unit data is indicative of relative location coordinates of the mobile device, generating an unanchored path of the mobile device based on the relative location coordinates, and anchoring the unanchored path of the mobile device to the map in a position that optimizes a match between the coarse location coordinates and the relative location coordinates of the mobile device.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus of a vehicle includes a measuring module and a triaxial orientation sensor to provide measured axial accelerations in a Cartesian reference system during a certain time interval. The apparatus also includes a triaxial movement sensor to supply at least one angular variation signal proportional to the axial angular speed of the vehicle during the time interval. A processing unit receives a distance signal proportional to the distance traveled by the vehicle in the time interval, receives the at least one angular variation signal, and supplies at least one reference acceleration of the vehicle. An estimator-calibrator block recursively estimates at least one calibrated acceleration as a function of the measured axial accelerations and of the at least one reference acceleration.

Abstract: An inertial device having sensors operable to output accelerations in a horizontal and a vertical direction is disclosed that includes a detection unit configured to detect a turning point in a waveform representing the acceleration in the vertical direction with respect to time and to detect time at the turning point; a calculation unit configured to calculate a velocity in the horizontal direction using the acceleration in the horizontal direction in a predetermined period centering on the time at the turning point; a determination unit configured to determine whether the velocity is less than or equal to a threshold value; and an estimation unit configured to estimate a direction to which a target having the inertial device moves using the velocity in response to a determination by the determination unit that the velocity is less than or equal to the threshold value.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for road geometry matching with componentized junction models is provided. The method includes receiving a plurality of predefined road component models, receiving map data representing a physical road junction, selecting a subset of the plurality of road component models to characterize the physical road junction represented by the received map data, and defining a road junction configuration for the physical road junction with the selected road component models.

Abstract: A system includes reception of first address data associated with a first location, the first address data comprising first geo-coordinates, determination of a first two or more candidate cities based on the first address data, identification of a first one of the first two or more candidate cities based on the first geo-coordinates, and generation of second address data associated with the first location based on the identified first one of the first two or more candidate cities.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a computer implemented method, a computer program product, and a computer system for verifying the road network of map. An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for verifying a road network of a map. The method comprises: determining, based on locations of a set of points in the map, a trajectory distance of a trajectory between a start point and an end point in the set of points on the map; determining a route distance between the start point and the end point in the road network of the map; and verifying the road network by comparing the trajectory distance and the route distance.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a processor and memory including computer program code, the memory and computer program code configured to, with the processor, enable the apparatus at least to: receive an indication of disruption to a planned route of travel for a road vehicle following the planned route; based on consideration of contextual data in respect of a location in proximity to the current vehicle location against one or more predefined manoeuvering criteria, dynamically identify a U-turn location on the planned route of travel at which it is possible for the vehicle to perform a U-turn onto a different route of travel; and provide an indication of the dynamically identified U-turn location for use in route navigation onto the different route of travel.

Abstract: Emergency response re-routing is provided. Event information is received, wherein the event information identifies a first location. Emergency resources available at the first location are determined. At least one entity in an area surrounding the first location is identified. A notification is issued to at least one entity in an area surrounding the first location, wherein the notification identifies one or more resources required at the first location.

Abstract: A system and method that includes a user management device, a server, and executable instructions that provide geo-tracking routing from point to point in a geographical location and to geo-tracking of a user's progress by tracking user location via storing of waypoints along a route and developing a “return home” path for the user. The systems and methods described herein can be employed in a mapping system that may include various geo-tracking services, social networking services, and geo-tracking capabilities, and the determination of return paths, and utilizes Artificial Intelligence to map location, time, and user preferences. The method employs analysis of user trends and will recommend locations that the user will identify as useful. The user's interactive input will be age-agnostic.

Abstract: Route information data records are received from a navigation system indicating road elements and maneuvers between a starting point and a destination point. An estimated time of arrival is established using the route information data records. A personalized correction value based on the road elements, maneuvers, and a driver profile is determined. A personalized time of arrival is calculated based on the estimated time of arrival value and the personalized correction value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a route calculation device, a navigation device, a route calculation method, and a navigation device that can calculate a route that allows a user to arrive at a destination or a stop-off point within a determined time period. The route calculation device according to the present invention includes a communication available hours acquisition unit 11 that acquires communication available hours of a plurality of branch stations that establish communication with a mobile station, a reference time acquisition unit 12 that acquires a reference time, a road information acquisition unit 13 that acquires time information of a road section, and a route calculation unit 31 that calculates a first travel route that offers the shortest required time for stopping by the branch stations based on the communication available hours, the reference time, and the time information of a road section.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein can be applied to a vehicle equipped with a sensor suite that can observe information about a location, for example, a traffic light duration. The system can record information, e.g., the traffic light colors, duration of color changes, and location of the traffic lights and can upload this information to the cloud. Then, the system can augment or learn about the location, e.g., learning of traffic patterns, and store the augmented data as database-based information, where available. The learned information can help a requesting vehicle to better estimate an estimated time of arrival (ETA) for common routes taken, provide more accurate ETAs based on historical knowledge, and/or calculate or provide alternative route information.

Abstract: Methods provide for guidance without sensing data about an ownship, the method includes: pre-loading, from an airport mapping database to an lateral guidance computer within a cockpit, airport mapping data for use in guidance of the ownship from a lateral guidance computer; executing airport moving map applications to process the airport mapping data to form a synthesized view for displaying on a display within the cockpit; receiving by the electronic information device within the cockpit at least one of a 3D spatial representation of the ownship; overlaying the 3D spatial representation of the ownship onto the synthesized view for providing a visual 3D representation of the ownship; and providing, without using the sensing data about the ownship, one or more cues, by a digital taxi application based on only airport mapping data and dimensions associated with the 3D spatial representation of the ownship, on the display within the cockpit.

Abstract: A map information navigation system includes: a storage unit that stores POI data including point data about a POI, node data of nodes set on roads in advance, and link data of links connecting neighboring nodes; a specification unit that specifies one link located at a shortest distance from the POI among the links for each of a plurality of directions; a determination unit that sets one of the nodes included in the specified links as a specific point and determines a predetermined area centered on the POI and passing through the specific point as a presentation target range of map information; an acquisition unit that acquires current position information indicating a current position; and a presentation unit that presents POI data including the point data about the POI with entrance of the current position into the presentation target range as a trigger.

Abstract: An approach is provided for generating a targeted map display from a plurality of data sources. A mapping platform receives at least one request to provision at least one targeted map display for at least one device based, at least in part, on at least one targeted mapping object. The at least one targeted mapping object includes one or more parameters for retrieving targeted content from a plurality of data sources. The mapping platform also determines one or more map item detail records based, at least in part, on the one or more parameters. The one or more map item detail records include payload content assembled from the plurality of data sources about one or more map items. The mapping platform then causes, at least in part, a selective updating of the one or more map item detail records based, at least in part, on one or more validity criteria for provisioning the at least one targeted map display.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for synchronizing a magnetic field transmitter and receiver to resolve phase ambiguity so that phase information for the position and orientation of the receiver may be derived and maintained. A synchronization process allows for the phase information to be initially derived based upon known information from other sources, and then tracked from one measurement to the next. In another embodiment, information from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used to determine the phase information or to correct for errors in the determination from receiver data of the position and orientation of a receiver, and prevent such errors from accumulating as the receiver moves away from a transmitter.

Abstract: Fenestration unit monitoring apparatus configured to retrofit an existing fenestration unit to incorporate components that are capable of monitoring the locked or unlocked status of the existing lock assembly and/or the panel position status of a movable panel of the fenestration unit. The fenestration unit monitoring apparatus described herein may provide a relatively easy and aesthetically pleasing option to monitor the lock status and/or panel status of an existing fenestration unit with an existing lock assembly already located thereon. The fenestration unit monitoring apparatus may be inserted into an existing lock assembly slot in a frame member of an existing fenestration unit that already contains a lock assembly without requiring removal of the lock assembly from the lock assembly slot.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale unit having a substrate configured of a metal material and in which a pattern is formed on a first surface of the substrate and a passive state member is formed on a second surface different from the first surface in the substrate, and a detection unit that is configured to move relative to the scale unit and detects the pattern.

Abstract: A photon momentum sensor includes: a reflector plate that includes: a central disk including a mirror; an annular member; a plurality of spring legs interposed between the central disk and the annular member, such that: the spring legs are interleaved; neighboring spring legs are spaced apart; and the spring legs individually are arranged in an Archimedean spiral that provides orthogonal motion of the central disk relative to the plane of the annular member; and a bias plate disposed opposing the reflector plate such that: the central disk of the reflector plate moves orthogonally to a plane of the bias plate in response to reflection of laser light, and the central disk and the bias plate are arranged spaced apart as a capacitive structure.

Abstract: A light-emitting unit includes: a light source; and a reflector having reflection faces of first and second partial paraboloids, the first and second partial paraboloids being spaced from each other in an optical axis direction of the light source, the first and second partial paraboloids having a focal point on the light source, wherein: the second partial paraboloid is between the light source and the first partial paraboloid in the optical axis direction; the second partial paraboloid has a coefficient different from that of the first partial paraboloid; and the second partial paraboloid is positioned on a reflection direction side of a light from the light source reflected by the first partial paraboloid, with respect to a plane that is obtained on a presumption that the first partial paraboloid is extended to the light source side in accordance with the coefficient of the first partial paraboloid.

Abstract: A system for measuring subterranean physical properties, in some embodiments, comprises a source of broadband light, an input optical fiber coupled to the source of broadband light, a wavelength division demultiplexer coupled to the input optical fiber, a plurality of detectors arranged in parallel and coupled to the demultiplexer, a wavelength division multiplexer coupled to the plurality of detectors, and an output optical fiber coupled to the multiplexer.