Abstract: An objective optical system includes a lens group and an optical-path splitting element. The optical-path splitting element has an optical-path splitting surface which forms a first optical path and a second optical path. A reflecting surface is positioned in the second optical path and a predetermined optical surface is positioned in the second optical path. A wavelength band of light transmitted through the predetermined optical surface or a wavelength band of light reflected at the predetermined optical surface is restricted. The wavelength band which is restricted is narrower than a wavelength band of light that travels along the other optical path. A quarter-wave plate is positioned between the optical-path splitting surface and the reflecting surface. The optical-path splitting surface has a characteristic of transmitting P-polarized light and reflecting S-polarized light. The predetermined optical surface is positioned between the optical-path splitting surface and the quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: A dual-drive device for sequential scanning includes a moving part comprising a frame and an optical instrument that is positioned on the frame and is rotatable about a first axis with respect to the frame so as to be slowed down or immobilized in a plurality of successive positions about the first axis, a motor configured to set the moving part in rotation about the first axis in a first direction of rotation at a constant speed, the moving part comprising a first actuator positioned on the frame and configured to actuate the rotation of the optical instrument about the first axis with respect to the frame in the first direction of rotation in order to pass from a first position to a successive position from the plurality of successive positions, and in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation, in order to slow down or immobilize the optical instrument in the successive position.

Abstract: An exposure device that draws a pattern on a substrate by shining a beam from a light source device on substrate and scanning the beam in a main scanning direction while varying the intensity of beam according to pattern information, including: a scanning unit having a beam scanning unit that includes a polygonal mirror whereby the beam is oriented to scan the beam, and light detector for photoelectric detection of reflected light generated when beam is shined on substrate; an electro-optical element for controlling the beam's intensity modulation according to pattern information such that at least part of second pattern to be newly drawn is drawn on top of at least part of first pattern formed on substrate; and a measurement unit measuring relative positional relationship between the first and second pattern on the basis of a detection signal output by the detector while second pattern is drawn on substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a viewing device (1) for a motor vehicle (100), comprising: an image sensor (3), an optical conduit (5) defining an optical input path for light rays, a reflective element (7) placed so as to reflect the light rays transmitted via the optical conduit (5) towards the image sensor (3), the optical axis (D1) of the image sensor (3) being angularly offset from the optical axis (D2) defined by the optical conduit (5), wherein the reflective element (7) is mounted so as to be movable, and the viewing device (1) further comprises a unit (9) for driving the movement of the reflective element (7), the movement of the reflective element (7) by the drive unit (9) causing the cleaning of said reflective element (7).

Abstract: A camera for a vehicular vision system includes a housing and a lens barrel including a lens. The camera is configured to be disposed at an exterior portion of a vehicle so as to have a field of view exterior of the vehicle. A heating device is disposed at an exterior of the lens barrel. The heating device includes a thin foil heating element that at least partially circumscribes the lens barrel. The heating device includes an electrical lead that is configured to electrically connect to an electrical connector of the vehicle when the camera is disposed at the exterior portion of the vehicle.

Abstract: An oscillatory system comprises: a target member; a transducer coupled to the target member; and circuitry for applying a voltage to the transducer for imparting a vibrational force to the target member.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material, an in-coupler, an out-coupler, a volume of liquid crystal carried by the volume of optically transparent material, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the volume of liquid crystal. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal. As the light crosses a thickness of the waveguide the light passes through or within the volume of liquid crystal and is refracted according to the modulated refractive index of the volume of liquid crystal. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material, an in-coupler, an out-coupler, a volume of liquid crystal carried by the volume of optically transparent material, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the volume of liquid crystal. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal. As the light crosses a thickness of the waveguide the light passes through or within the volume of liquid crystal and is refracted according to the modulated refractive index of the volume of liquid crystal. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material, an in-coupler, an out-coupler, a volume of liquid crystal carried by the volume of optically transparent material, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the volume of liquid crystal. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal. As the light crosses a thickness of the waveguide the light passes through or within the volume of liquid crystal and is refracted according to the modulated refractive index of the volume of liquid crystal. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described.

Abstract: The combiner has a reflecting surface that reflects incident light. When the incident light has an incident angle in a range from 0° to 25°, inclusive, defined as a first value, in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm, inclusive, the upper limit wavelength of a wavelength range having a reflectance of 90% or more of the reflectance peak of the incident light is shorter than 700 nm. When the incident angle takes a second value in a range from 60° to 85°, inclusive, in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm, inclusive, the reflectance peak of an S-wave component contained in the incident light has a wavelength shorter than 570 nm.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus providing a head-mounted display to be worn by the user and presenting a video to the user through the head-mounted display; measuring outside world information via an outside world measurement section of the head mounted display; detecting, via a notification information detection section, whether or not the information measured by the outside world measurement section contains any notification information to be notified to the user, including that the notification information detection section detects at least one reference position, which is set by the user as notification information; and notifying the user, via a notification section, when the notification information detection section detects notification information by way of displaying a video of the at least one reference position to the user in the head-mounted display.

Abstract: A deployment system for a device of a vehicle is described. The deployment system includes a non-transitory computer readable medium to store instructions of the deployment system and a processor configured to execute the instructions. The processor is configured to deploy the device using a parameter, determine a Mean Square Error (MSE), and run a Statistical Process Control (SPC) test on the MSE. The processor is further configured to determine that no special event is present and process a new parameter using the parameter and the SPC test results. An evolutionary operation (EVOP) algorithm is also used to calculate the new parameter.

Abstract: A light projection apparatus is provided comprising: a source of light; a switchable grating on a first substrate; and a diffractive optical element. Light is diffracted at least once by the switchable grating and is diffracted at least once by the DOE.

Abstract: A head mounted display (HMD) device includes a left-eye display panel and a right-eye display panel. Each of the left-eye and right-eye display panels includes a proximate edge, a distal edge, an active display area having a proximate border and a distal border. A distance between the proximate border and the proximate edge is less than a distance between the distal border and the distal edge. For each display panel, a first border region defined by the distal edge and the distal border contains circuitry for operating pixels of the active display area, whereas a second border region defined by the proximate edge and the proximate border is devoid of circuitry.

Abstract: A screen (3) for an HMD (1) is provided, and may be designed as a display screen or as a projection screen. The screen (3) comprises a layer (19) of a material with a switchable degree of transparency and at least one further switchable layer (17, 21, 23) which, in dependence on the switching state, can assume at least two physical states, the physical states differently influencing at least one optical property of light passing through the switchable layer or reflected by it.

Abstract: An eyepiece optical system is configured to emit image light that is emitted from a plurality of display elements and corresponds to a plurality of areas being divided, to a position corresponding to an eye of an observer, wherein a first optical member of a complex type disposed at a position closest to an emitting side corresponding to at least two areas of the plurality of areas has a first optical surface on the emitting side, and the first optical surface is expressed by one curvature.

Abstract: First display elements and first ocular optical systems perform display in a first display region on a front side with respect to an observer, whereas second display elements and second ocular optical systems perform display in second display regions on peripheral sides with respect to the observer. Thus, a superimposed region of the display regions is provided in a position outside a central side of a person's visual field having an excellent information receiving capacity, and a wide angle of view is achieved while preventing the boundary from being visually identified. Further, the whole device is reduced in size and thickness by providing the plurality of display elements.

Abstract: A viewing device is disclosed. The device includes a projector that projects a first imaged light, and a polarizing beam splitter plate that receives the projected first imaged light from the projector and reflects the received first imaged light for viewing by a viewer. The polarizing beam splitter plate also receives a second image and transmits the second image for viewing by the viewer. The polarizing beam splitter plate includes a substrate and a multilayer optical film reflective polarizer that is adhered to the substrate. The reflective polarizer substantially reflects polarized light having a first polarization state and substantially transmits polarized light having a second polarization state perpendicular to the first polarization state. The polarizing beam splitter plate includes a first outermost major surface and an opposing second outermost major surface that makes an angle of less than about 20 degrees with the first outermost major surface.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via light from a light source, rendering an image on a retina.

Abstract: The image displayable eyeglasses include: a first transmissive optical element 13 that transmits an image of a subject and is capable of changing a refractive power; and a second transmissive optical element 13 that displays or reflects an image using an image signal and transmits the image of the subject. The image displayable eyeglasses are capable of switching between an image display mode, in which the image is displayed or reflected by the second transmissive optical element 12 so as to be incident on eyes of a wearer of the eyeglass body, and an eyeglass mode, in which the image of the subject transmitted through the first transmissive optical element 12 and the second transmissive optical element 13 is incident on the eyes of the wearer. The first transmissive optical element 12 is disposed closer to the wearer than the second transmissive optical element 13.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a first contact element, a second contact element, a headband that couples the first contact element and the second contact element to each other and presses the first contact element and the second contact element toward temporal regions, a first coupling element that couples the first contact element and the headband to each other, and a second coupling element that couples the second contact element and the headband to each other. Each of the first contact element and the second contact element includes an elastic member having a longitudinal direction extending along a forward and backward direction of the head in a state where the wearable device is worn on the head of the wearer. The elastic member is curved to conform to the curved shape of the temporal regions in the forward and backward direction.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a wearable element mounted on a head of a wearer, a display that displays an image in a part of a field of view of the wearer, an arm that holds the display, and a coupling element that couples the arm and the wearable element to each other. The coupling element includes a first rotation mechanism capable of rotating the arm around a first axis, and a second rotation mechanism that is provided closer to the wearable element than the first rotation mechanism is, and is capable of rotating the arm with a degree of freedom including rotation around a second axis and a third axis, the second axis being orthogonal to the first axis, the third axis being orthogonal to the second axis and intersecting with the first axis.

Abstract: A beam expander and a displays including the beam expander are provided. The beam expander includes a holographic optical element (HOE) configured to generate collimated light by diffracting incident light incident thereon from a light source that emits coherent light. The beam expander also includes a diffraction optical element that diffracts light received from the HOE. The light source and the HOE may face each other with the diffraction optical element therebetween. Both the light source and the HOE may be arranged on a side of the diffraction optical element. The light source may be arranged above or below the diffraction optical element.

Abstract: An illuminator optical system combines, homogenizes, and shapes light spatially and angularly from one or more high power fiber coupled lasers. It may include a multichannel fiber cable, collimation and beam shaping optics, a multiple lens array (e.g., fly's eye lens array), and an objective lens. The multichannel fiber collects the light from the high power fiber coupled lasers and produces an aligned array of one or more optical fibers at the output of the cable. The light output from the cable is collimated and relayed to a multiple lens array that spatially divides and shapes the light into an array of beams. The objective lens homogenizes the light by collimating and overlapping the beams into a uniform top hat irradiance distribution in at least one dimension, resulting in the illumination pattern having the required spatial size and desired angular distribution at the illumination plane.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion element includes a substrate having a first surface, a first phosphor layer that has a first excitation light incident surface on which excitation light having a first wavelength is incident, is so provided as to face the first surface, a second phosphor layer that is so provided as to be in contact with part of the first excitation light incident surface, and a reflection layer that is provided between the first phosphor layer and the substrate. The first phosphor layer has an annular shape. The area of the second phosphor layer viewed in the direction in which the excitation light is incident is smaller than the area of the first phosphor layer viewed in the direction in which the excitation light is incident. The thickness of the second phosphor layer is smaller than the thickness of the first phosphor layer.

Abstract: An image display device includes a plurality of display elements configured to emit image light corresponding to a plurality of separate areas, and an ocular optical system configured to emit, to a position corresponding to an eye of an observer, the image light emitted from the plurality of display elements. The ocular optical system causes images to overlap with each other in a blending area including a boundary between the plurality of areas. An overlapping angle width in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of the blending area on a central visual field side is smaller than an overlapping angle width in the direction orthogonal to the boundary of the blending area on a peripheral visual field side.

Abstract: An optical element angle adjustment device includes a first hinge that is an elastic hinge configured to connect a first plate and a second plate with each other, an optical element holding part attached to at least one of the first plate and the second plate, and a first adjusting screw configured to apply force in a direction of closing the first hinge to adjust a tilt angle of at least one of the first plate and the second plate. An end in an axis direction of the first adjusting screw is provided with a first press member configured to slidably abut on one of the first plate and the second plate. At least one of a first press member side abutting portion and a first hinge side abutting portion on which the first press member abuts has a curved surface in a curved surface shape.

Abstract: A display method of a light field image adapted to a light field display apparatus is provided. The display method includes the following: providing an image having a plurality of depth values, wherein the depth values represent degrees of distance of the image; respectively obtaining a plurality of pixels in the image corresponding to the depth values respectively falling within a plurality of different extended depth value ranges based on the extended depth value ranges to from a plurality of layered images, wherein the extended depth value ranges are different from each other and are partially overlapped in sequence; forming the light field image based on the plurality of layered images; and providing a signal corresponding to the light field image to a display of the light field display apparatus. In addition, the light field display apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A lens driving module includes a holder, a cover, a carrier, at least one first magnet, a first coil, at least two second magnets, at least one first sensor and at least one second sensor. The holder includes an opening hole. The cover is made of metal material and coupled to the holder. The carrier is movably disposed in the cover and for coupling to a lens. The first magnet is movably disposed in the cover. The first coil is wound around an outer side of the carrier. The second magnets are disposed on one end of the carrier. The first sensor is for detecting a magnetic field of the second magnets. The second sensor is for detecting a magnetic field of the first magnet.

Abstract: An optical image anti-shake device, defined with an X-axis, a Y-axis and a Z-axis, includes a casing, a movable member and a base. A suspension mechanism furnished inside the optical image anti-shake device includes a movable-member support and a suspension module. A first surface of the movable-member support is connected to the movable member. The suspension module suspends the movable-member support together with the movable member inside an inner compartment formed between the casing and the base.

Abstract: An electronic spectacle frame including: a face element including a housing for at least partially receiving a lens; and at least one electronic component. The face element includes at least one recess for receiving the at least one electronic component.

Abstract: A method for determining an ophthalmic lens adapted to a wearer, including: providing wearer data including at least an indication of a prescription of the wearer; providing a locomotion scenario including at least an input locomotion parameter and visual environment data indicative of a visual environment, the locomotion parameter including at least movement data indicative of at least translation movements of the wearer's head; providing an output parameter of a locomotion parameter of the wearer or an optical parameter of the ophthalmic lens having an impact on a locomotion parameter of the wearer; determining an ophthalmic lens adapted to the wearer based at least on the wearer data to have the output parameter as close as possible to the target value of the output parameter when carrying out the locomotion scenario using the ophthalmic lens, wherein the output parameter is retinal flow of the wearer.

Abstract: An electrically focus-tunable lens of an active matrix type includes a basic lens and a transparent phase modulator which includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a common electrode unit, a phase modulation electrode unit, and an array of thin film transistors. Each liquid crystal portion of the liquid crystal layer is independently controlled by applying a predetermined voltage between the common electrode and a corresponding one of data electrode strips of the phase modulation electrode unit to provide each pixel area of the transparent phase modulator with an independent refractive index so as to create a phase modulation profile for the transparent phase modulator.

Abstract: Optical apparatus (20) includes a transparent envelope (26) configured to be mounted in a spectacle frame. An electro-optical layer (46) is contained within the envelope, with an array of transparent excitation electrodes (50) disposed over a first surface of the transparent envelope. A transparent common electrode (52) is disposed over a second surface of the transparent envelope, opposite the first surface, and is electrically separated into a central region defining an active area (24) of the electro-optical layer and a peripheral region, which at least partially surrounds the central region. Control circuitry (72, 82, 92) holds the central region of the transparent common electrode at a predefined common voltage while allowing the peripheral region to float electrically, and to apply control voltage waveforms to the excitation electrodes, relative to the common voltage, so as to generate a specified phase modulation profile in the active area of the electro-optical layer.

Abstract: A goggle may include a goggle frame, a lens assembly magnetically coupled to the goggle frame, and first and second retention features securing the lens assembly to the goggle frame at first and second locations, respectively, to resist decoupling of the lens assembly from the goggle frame. The lens assembly may be removable from the goggle frame by actuating only one of the first retention feature or the second retention feature. A method of removing a lens assembly from a goggle frame may include actuating a first latch securing the lens assembly to the goggle frame; after actuating the first latch, pivoting the lens assembly away from the goggle frame about a second latch securing the lens assembly to the goggle frame; and after pivoting the lens assembly, laterally translating the lens assembly away from the second latch without actuating the second latch.

Abstract: A modular, wearable electronic system is disclosed. The modular, wearable electronic system can include an eyewear unit which can be worn on a user's head and one or more modular units which can removably couple with the eyewear unit via one or more ports and/or connectors. The eyewear unit and the modular unit can communicate with each other via the port or connector to which the eyewear unit and the modular unit are coupled. The modular units can supplement the functionality of the eyewear unit.

Abstract: Complex wavefront engineering is realized through a random metasurface phase mask backed by a phase-only spatial light modulator. The metasurface consists of an array of subwavelength nanoscatterers which give the metasurface a pre-arranged disorder. Since the transmission matrix of the disordered metasurface is known, there is no need for extensive characterization measurements which are instead required in standard disordered optical devices.

Abstract: An interactive dimmable window system and method includes a dimmable window panel, and a passenger interface coupled to the dimmable window panel. The passenger interface includes a touchscreen that is configured to allow for touch-control of an electronic shade of the dimmable window panel.

Abstract: The invention provides for lenses fabricated as planar thin film coatings with continuous structure. The lensing action is due to optical axis orientation modulation in the plane of the lens. The lenses of the current invention are fabricated using photoalignment of a liquid crystal polymer wherein the polarization pattern of radiation used for photoalignment is obtained by propagating the light through an optical system comprising a shape-variant nonlinear spatial light polarization modulators.

Abstract: An optical modulator is provided and includes a substrate that has an electro-optic effect, an optical waveguide that is formed on the substrate, a plurality of control electrodes that control a light wave propagated through the optical waveguide, and a plurality of light receiving elements that detect a light wave propagated through the optical waveguide. The optical modulator has two or more independent optical waveguide modulation portions. The light receiving elements are respectively provided in an upper part of the substrate with respect to the independent optical waveguide modulation portions. A wiring substrate is located above the substrate. A plurality of electric wirings are located on the wiring substrate. The plurality of electric wirings are disposed to extend in the vicinity of one side of the wiring substrate, are electrically connected to the light receiving elements, and output a signal detected by the light receiving elements to the outside.

Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator module in which an occurrence of an error burst or an increase of an optical loss caused by a vapor phase transportation material can be effectively suppressed. The optical modulator module includes a substrate 1 that has a pyroelectric effect, an optical waveguide 2 that is formed on a principal surface of the substrate 1, a conductive film (not illustrated) that is formed on the substrate 1, and control electrodes (31 to 33) that control a light wave propagated through the optical waveguide 2. In the optical modulator module, the light wave is input to an end portion 21 of the optical waveguide (or is output from the end portion 21 of the optical waveguide) by a space optical system (not illustrated). Adsorption means 4 for adsorbing a vapor phase transportation material is disposed in the vicinity of the end portion 21 of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device which can be used in a variety of situations and applications. The liquid crystal display device comprises: a first substrate comprising a first display region, a second display region, and a third display region wherein the first display region, the second display region, and the third display region are continuously formed; a second substrate having a form which fits the first substrate; and a liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second display region is interposed between the first display region and the second display region. The second display region is curved, and the first display region and the second display region are substantially flat.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that, with photo-alignment films, can maintain a favorable voltage holding ratio for a long period of time and prevent generation of image sticking and stains on the display screen. The liquid crystal display device includes: an active-matrix liquid crystal panel; and a backlight, the liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer, paired substrates holding the liquid crystal layer in between, and alignment films disposed on the liquid crystal layer side surfaces of the respective substrates, the alignment films each being a photo-alignment film formed from a material exhibiting photo-alignment performance, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material and a radical scavenger.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, a color conversion layer disposed on the liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing layer and a first phase difference layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the color conversion layer, and a second polarizing layer and a second phase difference layer disposed between a light source and the lower substrate, wherein the first phase difference layer has a refractive index satisfying Inequality 1 and the second phase difference layer has refractive indexes satisfying Inequality 2. nx1?ny1>nz1 ??[Inequality 1] nx2>nz2>ny2 ??[Inequality 2] In Inequalities 1 and 2, nx1, nx2, ny1, ny2, nz1, and nz2 are the same in the detailed description.

Abstract: A viewing angle control device capable of controlling a viewing angle over a viewing surface is disclosed herein, which includes a transparent substrate and at least one light source. The transparent substrate is disposed over the viewing surface. Each light source is disposed over a side surface of the transparent substrate and is configured to emit a light into the transparent substrate from the side surface upon being turned on. The transparent substrate is provided with a plurality of dots, which are configured to scatter the light from each light source such that the viewing angle over the viewing surface is switched by turning on or off the each light source. A display apparatus including a viewing angle control device is also disclosed, where the transparent substrate of the viewing angle control device is disposed over a display surface of a display panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a horizontal alignment mode liquid crystal display device capable of achieving high resolution and improving transmittance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a horizontal alignment-mode liquid crystal display device enabling higher definition, more rapid response, and a higher transmission. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes, in the given order: a first substrate; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules; and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a first electrode, a second electrode closer to the liquid crystal layer than the first electrode is, and an insulating film between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode is provided with an opening having a longitudinal shape with no protruding portion. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the first substrate in a no-voltage-applied state where no voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal molecules have negative anisotropy of dielectric constant.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a sealant, a liquid crystal layer, an organic insulating film, an alignment film and an inorganic insulating film. The second substrate is opposed to the first substrate. The sealant attaches the first substrate and the second substrate to each other. The liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The organic insulating film, the alignment film and the inorganic insulating film are provided on the first substrate. The alignment film contacts the liquid crystal layer. The inorganic insulating film is located between the alignment film and the organic insulating film. At least pan of the alignment film contacts the organic insulating film.

Abstract: A fabricating method of photo spacers in liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and a LCD panel are provided, including the following steps: forming a first pad and a second pad on an array substrate; forming a black spacer layer on the array substrate, and covering the first and the second pads by the black spacer layer; and patterning the black spacer layer to obtain a main photo spacer, an sub photo spacer, and a black matrix having a height difference, the main photo spacer being located above the first pad, and the sub photo spacer being located above the second pad, and the main photo spacer being higher than the sub photo spacer. The disclosure can reduce the material sensitivity requirement for fabricating the black spacer layer, reduce the alignment difficulty of the multilayer color resist pad, thereby reducing the fabrication cost of the photo spacers and the LCD panel.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate wiring path inspection system whereby, at the time of performing electrical inspection of a wiring path of a substrate having a surface on which a plurality of electrically independent wiring paths are formed, whether a probe is reliably electrically connected to the wiring path can be easily checked at a low equipment cost. The present invention is configured by being provided with: a probe set 2 to be in contact with end portions of a plurality of wiring paths 31-34 formed on a substrate 1; a flexible conductor 9 that short-circuits the wiring paths 31-34 at portions excluding the end portions; and an inspection device 4 which is provided with a determination section 8 that determines whether a resistance value between a pair of wiring lines is lower than a predetermined value, said pair of wiring lines having been selected from among the wiring lines 31-34 short-circuited by the flexible conductor 9.