Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of testing a HVAC unit for a disconnected damper motor is provided. An outside air section of a damper assembly is closed and air is circulated through the unit. If a discharge air temperature is not substantially equal to a return air temperature, the damper motor is determined to be disconnected. Otherwise, an economizing function having a free cooling target temperature is started. An outside air temperature is compared to the free cooling target temperature. If the outside air temperature is less than the free cooling target temperature, the damper motor is determined to be disconnected if the damper motor has been commanded to fully open the outside air section. If the outside air temperature is not less than the free cooling target temperature, the damper motor is determined to be disconnected if a discharge air temperature is not substantially equal to an outside air temperature.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes; a first heat source device configured to transfer heat to process air using as a heat source a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle; a second heat source device configured to transfer heat to the process air using an other heat source different from the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle; and a controller configured to control the first heat source device and the second heat source device. The controller deactivates the first heat source device and activates the second heat source device when, during a period in which the first heat source device is being operated to heat the process air, a temperature of the heated process air is kept at a target temperature and a parameter indicating an energy consumption of the first heat source device exceeds a first threshold value.

Abstract: HVAC-R sensor probes include a “visual indicator switch” that is built on to the tool itself. The switch can be toggled between 2 selections indicated by the colors red and blue. If the switch is on red, the color signifies high side pressure for a pressure gauge, high side temperature for a pipe clamp thermocouple, and return side for a psychrometer. If the switch is on blue, the color signifies low side pressure for a pressure gauge, low side temperature for a pipe clamp thermocouple, and supply side for a psychrometer. Once the switch has been set to the appropriate side, the probe will relay this information via wireless transmission to the smart device. The smart device reads this data in real time and will instantly set the tools to the selected side in the app, changing sides if the tool switch is once again toggled. This switch allows a direct correlation in the real world as well as in the virtual world.

Abstract: An overvoltage recovery circuit (ORC), a controller for an HVAC system and an HVAC system are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the ORC includes: (1) a first supply voltage terminal connected to a first voltage supply, (2) a second supply voltage terminal connected to a second voltage supply, (3) interruption circuitry including a switch and a trip terminal connected to the second supply voltage terminal and (4) detection circuitry connected to the first supply voltage terminal and the switch of the interruption circuitry, the detection circuitry configured to operate the switch in response to an overvoltage condition at the first supply voltage terminal.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a system or a method to switch off an air conditioning system when an ice formation condition is present. The ice formation condition is present when the temperature, in either degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, at an indoor evaporator unit or an indoor evaporator coil is below a threshold temperature. Some embodiments allow a user to change the threshold temperature. The system can include a user interface to provide notifications when an ice formation condition is present.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioning visualization system including an image capturing unit to capture an image, an air conditioner setting acquisition unit to specify at least one air conditioner exerting an influence on a space included in the captured image from a plurality of air conditioners and to acquire the operation setting of this at least one air conditioner, and a display unit to display a visualization image obtained by visualizing the influence exerted on the space by this at least one air conditioner.

Abstract: A movable air conditioner includes an air conditioner main body, an air conditioning unit installed in the air conditioner main body and configured to generate a cold air or a warm air, a moving unit configured to move the air conditioner main body, a control unit configured to control the air conditioning unit and the moving unit, and a human body recognition unit configured to recognize a person existing in a specific space. The control unit is configured to control the moving unit so that the air conditioner main body is moved toward the person recognized by the human body recognition unit so as to supply the cold air or the warm air from the air conditioning unit to the person recognized by the human body recognition unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a channel element for a ventilation system. The channel element has a first opening (O1), a second opening (O2), and a channel wall which extends between the openings and surrounds a channel section. The channel element has a tubular section (25) and a thermally insulating envelope section (20) which is paired with the tubular section and envelopes same at least in sub-regions. The invention further relates to a channel element system made of individual channel elements which are connected together in series and a building envelope which contains such a channel element system.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus indoor unit on which maintenance work can be performed without removing a wire from a control box is provided. An air-conditioning apparatus indoor unit according to the present invention is an air-conditioning apparatus indoor unit to be embedded in an indoor ceiling surface. The indoor unit includes a housing, a heat exchanger installed in the housing, a drain pan installed below the heat exchanger, a wire extending into the housing from outside, and a control box connected with the wire in the housing and installed below the drain pan. The housing includes a cutout part at a lower end part of a side plate as a side surface of the housing, and a wire penetrator detachably fitted to the cutout part. The wire penetrator includes a hole through which the wire passes. The control box is disposed adjacent to the wire penetrator.

Abstract: A collecting tank of a heat exchanger may include a first collecting pipe and a second collecting pipe arranged adjacent to the first collecting pipe structured to accommodate a plurality of heat exchanger pipes. The first collecting pipe and the second collecting pipe may each have a hollow space which is flowable through. The first collecting pipe and the second collecting pipe may have a respective flattened bottom and a plurality of tank accommodations configured to accommodate the plurality of heat exchanger pipes disposed spaced apart from one another in the respective bottom. The respective bottom of the first collecting pipe and the second collecting pipe may extend at a predetermined angle ? not equal to 180° relative to one another.

Abstract: A system for lowering an air return filter comprising: a reel; a cable system attached to the reel; and an air return filter engaged at the end of the cable system, where the reel and the cable system enable a vertical adjustment of the air return filter. Preferably, the air return filter may seal a return air duct, where the air return filter is with a frame opening of a ceiling. Further, the air return filter may include a removable filter and is connected to a HVAC system.

Abstract: A heat transfer assembly includes a sheath which in one embodiment is elliptical in cross-section and in another embodiment has a complex cross-section with flat wall sections and curved wall sections. The sheath is elastically deformable so as to accept a heat transfer element sub-assembly. Once installed, the sheath holds the sub-assembly in place by an interference fit.

Abstract: A method, system, apparatus, and/or device for preheating air for a rooftop air handling unit (RTU). The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include a barrier system configured to surround the RTU. The barrier system may include a structure to provide a frame for the barrier system, a first barrier configured to connect to a first side of the structure, and a collector configured to connect to a second side of the structure. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include a duct configured to connect between the collector and a chamber. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include a chamber configured to connect to an air intake hood of the RTU. The chamber may include a first opening to receive air stored in the cavity, a second opening to receive external air, and a diverter configured to switch between a first position and a second position.

Abstract: A solar panel assembly is provided that comprises at least one solar panel (2) and a support structure (12) for supporting the at least one solar panel (2). The support structure (3) comprises a collapsible enclosure including a base (16) and plurality of walls (18, 20, 22) defining a sealed tillable chamber. The at least one solar panel (2) is mounted to one of the walls in use. At least part of the shell is formed of a flexible material arranged such that the enclosure is reconfigurable between a collapsed configuration and an expanded deployed configuration when the enclosure is filled. In the expanded deployed configuration the solar panel (2) is supported and arranged such that it is upwardly angled to receive solar energy.

Abstract: Azimuthal and elevation rotation mechanism for solar trackers, which provides an azimuthal rotation around a vertical pedestal to an azimuthal rotating support on which a support structure of solar panels is in turn mounted with elevation rotation capacity around a horizontal shaft linked to the azimuthal rotating support. The azimuthal rotation is obtained by means of a single azimuthal linear actuator and the elevation rotation is obtained by means of a single elevation linear actuator, such that only two linear actuators are needed to obtain all the positions of the solar panels required for a complete solar tracking.

Abstract: To reduce the possibility that temperature of refrigerant discharged from a compressor of a refrigeration apparatus becomes excessively high by controlling torque of a motor built into the compressor, the compressor includes the motor having rotation thereof controlled by inverter control. An inverter controller controls torque of the motor using inverter control when operation frequency of the compressor is at least one value within a range of from 10 Hz to 40 Hz. When at least the operation frequency is within the range of from 10 Hz to 40 Hz, torque of the motor is controlled, and under a predetermined condition in which temperature of refrigerant discharged from the compressor easily becomes excessively high, a device controller controls devices provided in a refrigerant circuit such that refrigerant sucked into the compressor is placed in a wet vapor state.

Abstract: A heat exchanger within an insulated enclosure receives primary refrigerant at a high pressure and cools the primary refrigerant using a secondary refrigerant from a secondary refrigeration system. An expansion unit within the insulated enclosure receives the primary refrigerant at the high pressure from the heat exchanger and discharges the primary refrigerant at a low pressure. A supply line delivers the primary refrigerant at the low pressure to the load and a return line returns the primary refrigerant from the load to the primary refrigeration system. A system control unit controls operation of at least one of the primary refrigeration system and the secondary refrigeration system to provide a variable refrigeration capacity to the load based on at least one of: a pressure of the primary refrigerant delivered to the load, and at least one temperature of the load.

Abstract: This cold generation device implements the “Joule-Thomson” expansion principle. It includes a heat exchanger having a fluid under high pressure and under low pressure circulating in counterflow therethrough. The heat exchanger is formed of the stack of pellets (5) made of a porous material, and particularly a sintered material, forming a cylindrical mandrel, having a capillary (10) wound at the periphery thereof and in contact therewith, the capillary having the high-pressure fluid circulating therethrough, the low-pressure fluid circulating in counterflow inside of the porous mandrel thus formed.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration unit (26) includes a compressor (58) constructed and arranged to compress a refrigerant and an electric compressor motor configured to drive the compressor. A generator (54) of the unit is configured to provide electric power to the compressor motor during standard set point conditions, and an energy storage device of the unit is configured to supplement the electric power to the compressor motor during temperature pulldown conditions.

Abstract: An energy supply system recycling data center waste heat comprises: a cooling system recycling data center waste heat, the cooling system recycling a high-temperature coolant outputted by a data center, and transferring heat of the high-temperature coolant to an absorption refrigerator using a heat exchanger, to enable the absorption refrigerator to absorb the heat of the high-temperature coolant and make the heat into cold for cooling a to-be-cooled apparatus; and a heat supply system recycling data center waste heat, the heat supply system recycling the high-temperature coolant outputted by the data center, and transferring the heat of the high-temperature coolant to a to-be-heated apparatus using the heat exchanger; where the data center comprises a plurality of liquid cooled cabinets, the liquid cooled cabinets absorbing heat of the data center to generate the high-temperature coolant.

Abstract: Cooling systems and methods of controlling a cooling system which includes one or more pumps and one or more fans, wherein the pumps and the fans are controlled by a controller. The controller controls the cooling system by a determination of an operation of the cooling system for sequencing activations, deactivations, and/or controlling parameters of the pumps, the fans, and/or other component(s) of the cooling system based on a first sensitivity of a power input as a function of lift, and a second sensitivity of a power input as a function of lift.

Abstract: A control method for a refrigerator comprises: decreasing an output of at least one of a cold air supply means for a first storage chamber or stopping the cold air supply means, if a sensed temperature of the first storage chamber reaches a value less than or equal to a second reference temperature; increasing the output, if a certain time has passed after the temperature has reached the value less than or equal to the second reference temperature, or if the temperature reaches a first specific value between a first reference temperature and the second reference temperature; and decreasing the output or stopping the cold air supply means, if a certain time has passed after the output of the air supply means has been changed in a previous step, or if the temperature reaches a preset second specific value between the first specific value and the second reference temperature.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is generally directed to an ice making appliance that includes: an ice making compartment and an ice maker including an ice mold having a total water capacity. The ice mold includes a plurality of ice wells and is configured to release the ice cubes without the use of a heater and by twisting the ice mold. The ice wells are typically no more than about 12.2 mm in depth from a top surface of the ice mold and have a volume of about 20 mL or less. The ice maker is capable of producing at least about 3.5 lbs. of ice or more in a 24 hour span.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the pressure-based determining of a product parameter in a freeze dryer, in particular a product temperature. In a method of this type at a point in time tSTART a closing element as an intermediate valve between an ice chamber and a drying chamber of the freeze dryer is closed. Then, during a pressure rise occurring due to the sublimation pressure values (P1, P2, . . . ) are measured in the drying chamber. At a point in time tEND then the closing element is opened. From the measured pressure values (P1, P2, . . . ) an approximation of a product parameter, in particular a product temperature TAPPROX, is determined. According to the invention the point in time tEND is determined specifically for the measured pressure values (P1, P2, . . . ) such that the time span for which the closing element is closed and the pressure rising occurs depends on the determined pressure values and such that the time span is variable during a drying process.

Abstract: The vehicle includes a thawing compartment configured to thaw a commodity housed therein, an acquisition device configured to obtain information including a thawing time limit set based on a request from a user, and a controller configured to control the thawing operation of the thawing compartment. The controller controls the thawing compartment so as to complete the thawing operation of the commodity housed therein by the thawing time limit.

Abstract: An anti-condensing system includes a control panel configured to electrically couple between a power source and a temperature regulating display unit. The control panel includes a housing defining an interior cavity, a door selectively repositionable to facilitate accessing the interior cavity of the housing, and a circuitry assembly disposed within the interior cavity. The circuitry assembly includes a relay configured to couple to a heating element of the temperature regulating display unit, an overcurrent protection breaker coupled to the relay and directly integrated into the control panel such that the overcurrent protection device can be locked out at the control panel, and a control circuit coupled to the relay. The control circuit is configured to actively control the relay to prevent condensation from forming on the temperature regulating display unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a body having a storage space. The body includes an inner case having the storage space, an outer case having an inside surface spaced a predetermined gap from an outside surface of the inner case to house the inner case, a vacuum space provided between the inner case and the outer case sealed to maintain a vacuum state for heat insulating between the inner case and the outer case, a supporting portion provided to contact with the outside surface of the inner case and the inside surface of the outer case to maintain a spaced state of the vacuum space, and a dewing preventive unit adjacent to the supporting portion for preventing dewing from taking place at the outer case by suppressing surface temperature drop of the outer case caused by cold conducted from the inner case to the outer case through the supporting portion.

Abstract: A method of operating a transport refrigeration system comprises: controlling, using a controller (30), a plurality of components of the refrigeration system and monitoring, using the controller, a plurality of operating parameters of the refrigeration system. The controlling comprises operating at least one of a prime mover (26), heater (48), and electric generation device (24). The operating parameters comprise at least one of a speed of the prime mover and a voltage of the electric generation device. The method comprises detecting, using the controller, when at least one of a heating mode and a defrost mode is required; activating, using the controller, the heater when at least one of the heating mode and the defrost mode is required; comparing, using the controller, the voltage of the electric generation device to a selected voltage; and controlling, using the controller, the speed of the prime mover in response to the voltage of the electric generation device.

Abstract: A refrigeration appliance, particularly a domestic refrigeration appliance, has an inner chamber surrounded by a thermal barrier coating, an evaporator which cools the inner chamber, and a condensate drain which leads into the open from the evaporator through the thermal barrier coating. The condensate drain includes a siphon, which is arranged on the inner side of the thermal barrier coating and which is heatable by a defrost heater.

Abstract: A drip tray provided in a machine compartment of a refrigerator including a fan assembly accommodation space blocked from a defrosted water storage space via an inner wall such that defrosted water does not flow into the fan assembly accommodation space. The fan assembly includes a cutout, wherein the cut-out overlaps a portion of the defrosted water storage space beyond the inner wall when the fan assembly is provided in the fan assembly accommodation space.

Abstract: A refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises an opening unit configured such that, when a second door rotates in order to open a second storing chamber, the second door is separated from a first door. The opening unit comprises: a latch hook provided on the second door so as to be selectively inserted into a latch slot formed on the front surface of the first door; a pressing portion provided on a door handle provided on the front surface of the second door, the pressing portion comprising a guide protrusion having a sloping surface formed on one side thereof; and a link portion having a contact portion formed on one end thereof so as to contact the sloping surface and to move upward/downward along the sloping surface, the other end of the link portion contacting the latch hook.

Abstract: The refrigerator includes a body having a storage space for storing a predetermined storage object, wherein the body includes an inner case having the storage space, an outer case having an inside surface spaced a predetermined gap from an inside surface of the inner case to house the inner case, a vacuum space provided between the inner case and the outer case enclosed to maintain a vacuum state for heat insulating between the inner case and the outer case, and a sealing unit for sealing a front of the vacuum space formed between a front of the inner case and a front of the outer case and reducing a heat transfer rate between the inner case and the outer case.

Abstract: An insulation system for an appliance includes a first vacuum insulated structure having a first set of sidewalls that define a first refrigerating compartment, a second vacuum insulated structure having a second set of sidewalls that define a second refrigerating compartment and a medial insulation structure having a rigid perimeter wall. The rigid perimeter wall includes a front portion that defines at least one hinge support adapted to support an appliance door. The rigid perimeter wall defines an insulating cavity that is filled with an insulating material. The first vacuum insulated structure engages a first edge of the perimeter wall and the second vacuum insulated structure engages a second edge of the perimeter wall.

Abstract: A refrigerator having improved space utilization includes a main body, a storage room formed inside of the main body, a center frame provided at the center of the storage room to be spaced apart from both side walls of the storage room and having a guide elongated in a front-rear direction of the storage room and a plurality of shelves detachably coupled to the guide so as to be movable along the guide, the plurality of shelves including a first shelf and a second shelf positioned under the first shelf while the second shelf moving along the same guide as the first shelf in an inverted state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a door and a home appliance including the door. More particularly, the present invention relates to a door including a see-through region and a home appliance comprising the door. According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a home appliance comprising: a cabinet; an object receiving chamber defined in the cabinet to receive an object therein; a door pivotally coupled to the cabinet to open and close the object receiving chamber, wherein the door has a see-through window; a lighting device for illuminating an interior of the object receiving chamber; a sensor disposed in the door for detecting an acoustic wave, wherein the acoustic wave is generated by an application of a knock input to the door; and a controller configured to activate the lighting device upon detecting the knock input, such that the object receiving chamber may be visible to an outside through the see-through window.

Abstract: A door for a domestic refrigeration appliance includes an outer door wall, an inner door wall and a door end strip which extends between the outer door wall and the inner door wall. A display apparatus is disposed in the door in such a way that information is displayed in the region of the door end strip. The display apparatus has a cover which covers electronic components of the display apparatus in the direction of the outside of the door, and the cover is formed by the door end strip itself. A domestic refrigeration appliance having a door is also provided.

Abstract: A method and system for liquefying a feed gas stream including natural gas. The feed gas stream is provided at a pressure less than 1,200 psia. A refrigerant stream having a pressure of at least 1,500 psia is cooled and then expanded in a first expander to an intermediate pressure. The first expander is mechanically coupled to a first coupled compressor to together form a first turboexpander-compressor. The refrigerant stream is expanded in a second expander, which is mechanically coupled to a second coupled compressor to together form a second turboexpander-compressor. The refrigerant stream cools the feed gas stream in one or more heat exchangers. Using the second coupled compressor and a first driven compressor, the refrigerant stream is compressed to a discharge pressure within 300 psia of the intermediate pressure. The refrigerant stream is compressed using the first coupled compressor and is further compressed to provide the refrigerant stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a BOG reliquefaction system for LNG vessels. The BOG reliquefaction system includes a compressor compressing BOG, a heat exchanger cooling the compressed BOG by exchanging heat between the compressed BOG and BOG used as a refrigerant, and an expansion unit for expanding the BOG having been cooled by the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger includes a core, in which heat exchange between a hot fluid and a cold fluid occurs, the core including a plurality of diffusion blocks, and a fluid diffusion member diffusing a fluid introduced into the core or a fluid discharged from the core.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for operating a natural gas liquids plant in ethane rejection and in ethane recovery. A natural gas liquid plant may comprise an absorber configured to produce an ethane rich bottom stream and an ethane depleted vapor stream; a stripper fluidly coupled to the absorber configured to, during ethane rejection, fractionate the ethane rich bottom stream from the absorber into an ethane overhead product and a propane plus hydrocarbons product, and configured to, during ethane recovery, fractionate the ethane rich bottom stream into an ethane plus NGL stream and an overhead vapor stream; and an exchanger configured to, during ethane recovery, counter-currently contact the ethane rich bottom stream from the absorber with the ethane depleted vapor stream from the absorber, thereby heating the vapor stream and chilling the ethane rich bottom stream before the ethane rich bottom stream is fed to the stripper.

Abstract: Assemblies and methods for drying apparel, for example, footwear or gloves, are provided. The assemblies include a panel; projections or pegs pivotally mounted to the panel, the projections each having an inlet, an outlet, an internal passage communicating the inlet to the outlet, and the projections can be oriented in a position adapted to receive the apparel; and a source of air having an outlet in fluid communication with the inlets of the projections. The air, for example, from a fan, passes into the inlets of the projections, through the internal passages, and out of the outlets to contact and dry the apparel mounted on the projections. The methods may include heating the air to enhance the drying. Projection modules that can be pivotally mounted to extend and retract into the panel are also disclosed. The retracted projection may be flush with the panel when not in use.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a multi-pass kiln with two or more chambers, an entrance and an exit at a proximal end of the kiln, and a reciprocal flow path extending through the kiln from the entrance to the exit. Lumber charges traveling along the reciprocal flow path may travel in a first direction along one side of the heated second chamber before traveling in a substantially opposite second direction along the opposite side of the second chamber. The distal end of the kiln may be substantially sealed, and a pressure differential between the distal end and the proximal end may draw moist heated air from the heated chamber toward the exit and entry to preheat and/or condition lumber charges traveling through the first chamber.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a veneer dryer system and methods of constructing, relocating, and replacing veneer dryers and other constructs such as lumber kilns, machinery, and processing lines or parts thereof. Embodiments of a veneer dryer system may include a track and a veneer dryer movably coupled with the track. The track may extend between the desired location of the veneer dryer and a construction location. Movers may be coupled with the track at the construction location. The veneer dryer may be partially or fully constructed on the movers and moved to the desired location for use. A pre-existing veneer dryer at the desired location may remain operational during the construction and removed before the new veneer dryer is moved into place, substantially reducing downtime and costs as compared to prior methods of replacing veneer dryers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refractory container 1 for use in a furnace for heat treatment of workpieces, comprising a mat 5 of long fibers that are embedded in a ceramic shell, with the mat 5 being shaped into a container that forms a receiving space for workpieces, and to a green body of such a container 1. Furthermore, advantageous uses of the container 1 as well as a method for manufacturing a green body or container 1 according to the invention are specified.

Abstract: An integrated refractory management system includes: a cable module, at least a portion of which is inserted into a refractory; a measurement module, disposed outside the refractory, for measuring a current signal flowing through the cable module; an integrated management module for determining the state of the refractory on the basis of the current signal measured by the measurement module, displaying the state of the refractory, and generating management information on the refractory; and a local terminal for receiving the management information from the integrated management module.

Abstract: An outdoor device is provided which has: a heat exchanger including a heat exchange portion having multiple heat transfer pipes and multiple heat transfer fins joined to the heat transfer pipes, and a pair of header pipe assemblies arranged substantially in parallel along the upper-to-lower direction to face each other and configured to bundle end portions of the heat transfer pipes extending from the heat exchange portion; and a housing configured to support the heat exchanger via a support bracket. The support bracket includes a heat exchange side holding portion, a housing side holding portion, and a fin contact portion provided integrally with the heat exchange side holding portion or the housing side holding portion and arranged in contact with or in proximity to an edge portion of the heat exchange portion adjacent to one of the header pipe assemblies.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: multiple flat tubes that extend in a second direction intersecting a first direction which is an air flow direction and that are disposed at intervals in a third direction that intersects the first direction and the second direction; and multiple plate-like heat transfer fins that extend along the third direction and that are disposed at intervals along the second direction. The heat exchanger causes refrigerant in the flat tubes to exchange heat with the air flow that passes through heat exchange spaces formed by adjacent flat tubes and adjacent heat transfer fins when viewed from the first direction. The heat transfer fins each have a heat transfer fin front side surface that is one main surface, a heat transfer fin back side surface that is the other main surface.

Abstract: An apparatus with a thermal reservoir liquid that acclimates to room temperature in a building over time. A heat exchange conduit routes tap water through the reservoir liquid, cooling or warming the tap water on demand relative to water that is respectively heated or chilled in attic or exterior wall pipes by weather conditions. This provides a flow of water from a cold water tap that is tolerable for hand washing and is better for delicate clothes washing than either hot or frigid water from the supply pipes, and is done without powered refrigeration or heating. The thermal reservoir liquid is contained in a tub that can be made of a material with at least 10 or 1000 times lower thermal conductivity than that of the conduit, enabling fabrication of the container from plastic or other low-cost material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger for indirect heat exchange between a first and a second medium, with a shell space for receiving the first medium, and a tube bundle arranged in the shell space and for receiving the second medium. The tubes are helically wound in a number of tube layers onto a core tube. At least one spacer is provided by means of which a first tube layer that is situated further outwards in the radical direction is supported on a neighbouring, second tube layer that is situated further inwards. The at least one spacer has a flow-directing region designed to deflect part of the first medium flowing along a tube of the first tube layer in the direction of the second tube layer situated further inwards in the radical direction.

Abstract: A counter flow heat exchanger comprising: an inner container with radially outwardly projecting helical webs, a cylindrical housing, wherein an inner circumferential surface of the housing and the radially outer edges of the helical webs of the inner container are in contact such that a flow path is developed in which a first heat transfer fluid can flow between the helical webs of the inner container and the inner circumferential surface of the housing; a helical heat exchanger tube extending between the helical webs of the inner container such that a second heat transfer fluid can flow within this heat exchanger tube counter to the direction of flow of the first heat transfer fluid. Further disclosed is a method for the production of a counter flow heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a duct, a core accommodated in the duct and exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, a tank having a protrusion protruding outward from an edge portion, and a crimping plate. The crimping plate includes an opposing wall facing an edge of the tank adjacent to the duct, and an outer wall extending from an outer circumference of the opposing wall. The opposing wall or an inner circumference of the opposing wall is joined to the duct and fixes the tank. The protrusion includes a surface facing in a direction angled toward the inner space from a direction in which the outer wall extends from the opposing wall.