Abstract: A monitoring device implements a monitoring method that comprises: activating a first monitoring technique that operates to detect the disruption and generate a corresponding alarm signal while a second monitoring technique is deactivated, obtaining at least one of a first count of false alarms generated by the primary monitoring technique and a second count of false alarms generated by the second monitoring technique if activated, and selectively, based on at least one of the first and second counts, activating the second monitoring technique to operate, instead of or jointly with the first monitoring technique, to detect the disruption and generate the corresponding alarm signal. The monitoring device may be connected to or part of an apparatus for blood treatment and operable to detect a disconnection of an extracorporeal blood circuit from a vascular system of a patient, e.g. a venous-side disconnection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for extracorporeal removal of a pathogenic microbe, an inflammatory cell or an inflammatory protein from mammalian blood/use of a device comprising a carbohydrate immobilized on a solid substrate, said carbohydrate having a binding affinity for a pathogenic microbe, an inflammatory cell or an inflammatory protein, for extracorporeal removal of said pathogenic microbe, inflammatory cell or inflammatory protein from mammalian blood/use of a carbohydrate having a binding affinity for a pathogenic microbe, an inflammatory cell or an inflammatory protein, wherein said carbohydrate is immobilized on a solid substrate, in the preparation of a device for treatment of a condition caused or aggravated by said pathogenic microbe, inflammatory cell or inflammatory protein and a method for treatment of a mammalian subject suffering from a condition caused or aggravated by a pathogenic microbe, an inflammatory cell or an inflammatory protein.

Abstract: A fluid distribution system can include a water inlet configured to receive water from a supply spout. A supply line can be connected to the inlet, and an applicator tip can be connected to the supply line distal from the inlet. The applicator tip can be configured to spray water received through the supply line at the same time as the receiving of the water from the supply spout through the inlet. The system can further include a water pressurizing device that is operable to pressurize water received from the supply spout via the water inlet and supplied through the supply line to the applicator tip. The water pressurizing device can include one or more of a powered fluid pump and a source adapter. The system may include a fluid-actuated pressure clamp.

Abstract: A system and method to irrigate a user's auditory canal. A fluid can be dispensed from a reservoir through a fluid path and out through openings of a delivery element into the auditory canal. A pump may be used to facilitate the process of dispensing the fluid. The fluid can be delivered to the user's auditory canal for a predetermined period of time. Such a time period may be user selectable. The discharge from the irrigation is removed from the user's auditory canal via a discharge port located on the delivery element. The discharge exits the delivery element and proceeds to a discharge reservoir via a discharge path. A vacuum may be used to generate a negative pressure to facilitate the removal of the discharge from the auditory canal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an equipment caddy for demountable engagement with a rolling stand. The caddy comprises a hub defining an opening for receiving a vertically oriented pole of the stand and a housing defining a compartment that is distal to the hub and configured to demountably engage with a piece of equipment. One embodiment relates to a medical equipment caddy for demountable engagement with a rolling IV stand wherein the housing is configured to demountably engage with a piece of medical equipment. The caddy of the present disclosure is durable, easy to clean and disinfect, and inexpensive to produce. The caddy of the present disclosure provides means for transporting additional medical equipment upon a conventional IV stand in a simple and organized manner.

Abstract: A wearable, adherable, tubeless, stand-alone, two-part system insulin pump includes a patch component in a first housing, wherein the patch component includes an adhesive pad, a fixed needle, a flexible tube, and collapsible reservoir connected to the flexible tube and storing insulin; and a pump component in a second housing, wherein the pump component includes a peristaltic pump configured that includes a rotor and more than one roller to pump the insulin from the flexible tube to the fixed needle and a controller for control thereof; wherein the first housing and the second housing are selectively connected to one another, and wherein the pump component is reusable with one or more pump components. Of note, the pump can support other drugs besides insulin.

Abstract: A method of coupling an extension set hub comprising a blunt cannula, with an infusion set comprising a base, an upper septum, a lower septum, and a septum cap enclosing said upper and lower septa, said septum cap comprising at least one radial port and at least one axial port, the method comprising the steps of affixing said base to a skin surface of a user, moving said extension set hub in a direction substantially parallel to said base until said blunt cannula passes through said radial port and between said upper septum and said lower septum within said septum cap, and rotating said extension set hub about said base until reaching a desired position.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automatic flow termination for fluid delivery, including a housing configured for coupling a fluid delivery tube to a needle configured for subcutaneous delivery of fluid within a tissue of a patient and a spring-loaded activation mechanism having a first orientation corresponding to a condition where the housing is disposed substantially adjacent to the tissue and the needle lodged within the tissue and a second orientation corresponding to a condition where the housing is disposed away from the tissue or the needle being dislodged from the tissue. A flow termination mechanism is coupled to the activation mechanism and having an open configuration allowing flow from the fluid delivery tube to the needle when the activation mechanism is in the first orientation and a closed configuration substantially terminating flow from the fluid delivery tube to the needle when the activation mechanism is in the second orientation.

Abstract: Device for delivering a beneficial agent to a user includes a cassette including a cassette housing with a fluid reservoir, the cassette housing having a cassette base region, and a delivery tube. The device also includes a pump having a pump housing containing a pump assembly and having a receiving region to receive the cassette base region. The pump assembly includes a fluid drive component, a display, a plurality of input buttons. The pump assembly also includes a first processor coupled to the fluid drive component and the display and configured to reduce power to the fluid drive component and the display when the pump is in an inactive state, and a second processor coupled to the first processor and the plurality of input buttons, the second processor configured to provide an activation signal to the first processor when one or more of the plurality of input buttons is deployed.

Abstract: An infusion device (1) for administering a medical fluid to a patient (P) comprises a pumping mechanism (11) for exerting a force onto a delivery set (2, 3) for delivering a medical fluid from the delivery set towards a patient (P), a sensor device (14) for measuring the force exerted on the delivery set (2, 3) by the pumping mechanism (11), the sensor device (14) being constituted to output a sensor signal indicative of the force exerted onto the delivery set (2, 3), and a processor device (15) for controlling operation of the infusion device (1). Herein, the processor device (15) is constituted to perform a diagnosis routine during which a sensor signal of the sensor device (14) is obtained and compared to an expected sensor signal, to allow for detecting a drift in the sensor signal of the sensor device (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to administration of clinical anesthesia. Particular embodiments provide systems and methods for controlled delivery of a combination of an analgesic agent and a hypnotic agent. More specifically, the invention relates to closed-loop control systems/methods for automatically controlling the administration of a combination of a hypnotic agent and an analgesic agent in a clinical anesthesia setting which incorporate feedback based on one or more indirect measures/indicia of analgesia. The invention further relates to such control systems/methods that account for limitations of such indirect measures/indicia of analgesia.

Abstract: A method of delivering a drug to a patient using a therapy specific, pre-programmed auto-injection device includes positioning the hand-held device proximate to an infusion and aspiration location of the patient, and receiving, at a controller disposed within the housing, an infusion and aspiration profile. The infusion and aspiration profile including an infusion and aspiration protocol for controlling at least one of a plurality of syringes partially disposed within the housing. The method also includes operating at least one actuator coupled to the plurality of syringes according to the infusion and aspiration protocol, causing the syringes to expel a fluid from a respective barrel of the plurality of syringe into the infusion and aspiration location or causing the syringes to draw a fluid from the infusion and aspiration location into a respective barrel of the plurality of syringes.

Abstract: A therapy specific, pre-programmed, hand-held auto-injection device for delivering a drug to a patient includes a housing, a plurality of syringes carried by the housing, at least one actuator disposed within the housing coupled to the plurality of syringes, and a controller disposed within the housing and communicatively coupled to the at least one actuator. The controller is configured to receive an infusion and aspiration profile, which includes an infusion and aspiration protocol for controlling at least one of the plurality of syringes. The controller is also configured to operate the at least one actuator based on the infusion and aspiration protocol by either expelling a fluid from a respective barrel of the plurality of syringes into the infusion and aspiration location or drawing a fluid from the infusion and aspiration location into a respectively barrel of the plurality of syringes.

Abstract: A delivery device includes a durable housing portion and a separable disposable portion that selectively engage and disengage from each other. The disposable housing portion secures to the patient and may be disposed of after it has been in use for a prescribed period. Components that normally come into contact with a patient or with infusion media are supported by the disposable housing portion for disposal after the prescribed use, while the durable housing portion supports other components such as electronics for controlling delivery of infusion media from the reservoir and a drive device and drive linkage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control device for controlling the administration of propofol to a patient according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for controlling the administration of propofol to a patient according to the preamble of claim 4. With a method of this kind a bispectral index (BIS) target value is set which shall be, at least approximately, reached within a patient. A controller then computes a recommended infusion rate of propofol based on the target BIS value and further based on a measured propofol level of the patient for administering propofol to the patient.

Abstract: An injection device for delivering a dose of medicament from a syringe comprises a housing with a forward body and rearward body, the forward and rearward bodies being axially moveably interconnected. A drive mechanism is arranged, in use, to deliver a dose from the syringe, the drive mechanism being activated by a trigger. The injection device further comprises an interlock having a locked position in which activation of the drive mechanism by the trigger is prevented and an unlocked position in which the drive mechanism may be activated. The interlock arrangement is moved to the unlocked position by relative axial movement of the forward and rearward body caused by the injection device being urged against an injection site. The injection device further comprises an interlock hold arrangement associated with a forward facing skin abutment surface of the injection device.

Abstract: An epinephrine auto-injection device includes a wristband; an outer casing secured to the wristband, the outer casing having a time display thereon; an injection system housed within the outer casing, the injection system having a firing button engaged with a latch; a spring housed to exert force on the latch; a needle engaged with a plunger, the plunger being in communication with the latch; depressing the firing button releases the spring, thereby causing the spring to exert pressure on the latch; the latch exerts pressure on the plunger; and the plunger pushes the needle out of the outer casing and releases an epinephrine supply through the needle.

Abstract: A drug delivery device includes a housing defining a shell and an inner volume, a cassette, a door coupled to the housing, a drive mechanism, and a latching assembly. The cassette is removably disposed within the inner volume and is adapted to contain a drug to be administered to a user. The door at least partially encloses the inner volume of the housing and includes a first end defining a latching portion. The drive mechanism is at least partially disposed within the housing and exerts a force to urge the drug out the cassette. The latching assembly is coupled to the drive mechanism and includes a first end and a second end. Upon actuating the drive mechanism, the drive mechanism causes the latching assembly to engage the latching portion of the door to secure the door to the housing.

Abstract: An autoinjector drug delivery device configured with a stall and endpoint detection algorithm is described that allows for variations in the fill of the drug, barrel, plunger, and other components. The stall or end point detection causes the autoinjector to stop an extrusion process.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cartridge for the delivery of medicine to mammals in veterinary applications comprising a non-woven cellulose tube having a closed end and an open end, wherein at least one cross-sectional area of the closed end is axially symmetric in relation to the longitudinal axis of the tube and the open end is plugged e.g. by folding or crushing the open end, or by inserting a cellulose cap, a disintegrating cap or a soluble cap.

Abstract: The prefilled injection device (100) according to the invention includes: a tubular body (3) closed at the front by a closing element (2) and provided with a first (9) and a second (8) chambers; a first liquid substance contained in the first chamber (9); a second solid or liquid substance, contained in the second chamber (8) and intended to mix with the first substance for the reconstruction of the injectable solution. The device is characterized by comprising a front chamber (17), defined between a front plug (27) and the closing element (2), said front plug (17) being empty so that the closing element (2) is separated by the second substance. If the contact between the active substance (or second substance) and the closing element 2 is avoided, it is not necessary to carry out any stability test of the active substance with the closing element.

Abstract: A plunger configured as described herein provides geometry optimizations to minimize friction magnitude and variability during use by maintaining low deformation under large extrusion forces. More specifically, plunger embodiments described herein minimize a contact area between the plunger and a syringe or chamber, while also maintaining high contract pressures to maintain container closure integrity. Moreover, the plunger embodiments are configured to have minimal or no increase in the contact area under high loads associated with the delivery of viscous products.

Abstract: A supplemental device for attachment to an injection device. A supplemental device for attachment to an injection device, the supplemental device comprising: a housing; an electromechanical switch arrangement, the electromechanical switch arrangement comprising: a main body; and a switching member, the switching member having a protrusion arranged to protrude from the main body so as to contact a surface of the injection device while the supplemental device is attached to the injection device; and a biasing member configured to bias at least a part of the main body of the electromechanical switch arrangement against the injection device while the supplemental device is attached to the injection device.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a liquid pharmaceuticals delivery device (18) comprising a mainly cylindrical main body (1), a cartridge (3) having a mainly cylindrical inner cavity with a volumetric capacity for accommodating multiple doses of a liquid pharmaceutical, the cartridge (3) comprising a first end for receiving a plunger (7) and a second end for liquid pharmaceutical extraction. The device (18) further comprises a jackscrew (55) a comprising a threaded lower jackscrew (5) and a threaded upper jackscrew (6) integrated or fixed to each other. The jackscrew (55) being rotatable around a primary axis of the main body (1) and stationary along said primary axis, a threaded plunger rod (8) which is integrated to the plunger (7) and which has a thread diameter (Dp) corresponding to thread diameter of the lower jackscrew (5).

Abstract: The novel medicament devices comprise a housing that preferably contains a preloaded, conventional syringe with medication. Both trained and untrained users may administer an injection safely and conveniently to themselves or others in myriad settings. Certain of the disclosed embodiments rely on the user's manual action to insert the needle. Only after the needle is fully inserted is the medicament delivered, resulting in a safer injection. After use, the devices may include a locking mechanism that locks a spring-loaded sheath in place around the needle for protection. As a common syringe is utilized, engineering and production issues of conventional automatic injectors are avoided. Moreover, with the novel medicament devices, the syringe needle is never directly exposed, avoiding accidental needle sticks and unsuitable syringe disposal.

Abstract: An electronic system (200) connectable to a medication delivery pen (4) and a needle assembly (2, 102), the electronic system (200) exchanging data regarding a medicament traveling from the medication delivery pen (4) to the needle assembly (2, 102), the electronic system (200) comprising a hub (202) having a spike (204) that is configured to engage the medication delivery pen (4) and pierce a reservoir septum of the medication delivery pen (4), a flow sensor (220) that is in fluid communication with the hub (202) to measure flow data of the medicament, a circuit board (250) electrically contacting the flow sensor (220) to process and transmit the flow data, the circuit board (250) including a fluid path hole (254) to route a flow of medicament, and a septum body (270, 284) that is configured to provide fluid communication between the flow sensor (220) and one of a plurality of needles (40, 124) of the needle assembly (2, 102) to administer the medicament to a patient.

Abstract: Approaches for augmented reality systems and methods for administering repeated injections are provided. An augmented reality (AR) system for administering injections includes: an AR headset comprising a display that is configured to display at least one marker superimposed on a real-world view of a subject, the at least one marker being displayed at a user-defined location on the subject. The display may be configured to continuously display the at least one marker at the location on the subject as the real-world view of the subject changes. The marker may be generated based on user input received from a user wearing the AR headset. The location on the subject may be defined by a location of a marker device relative to the subject when the user input is received. The AR headset may include a face mapping system.

Abstract: An aerosol generating apparatus includes a vial, a cap assembly and a receptacle. The vial stores liquid medicament and includes a puncturable seal held in position by a retaining ring. The cap assembly includes an actuator with an interior bore extending therethrough, a perforated membrane coupled to the actuator, a fastener and a first mating element. The fastener is adapted to detachably secure the cap assembly to the vial such that the perforated membrane aligns with the puncturable seal. The receptacle receives the cap assembly with the vial. The receptacle includes a driving element and a second mating element capable of mating with the first mating element. The driving element aligns and communicates with the perforated membrane when the receptacle engages the cap assembly. The actuator pierces the puncturable seal to displace the liquid medicament through the interior bore to the perforated membrane and the driving element to generate aerosol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug delivery system that includes a housing configured to contain one or more dispensers. Each dispenser includes an activation mechanism, a nozzle configured to direct the medicament to a predetermined area in the nasal passageway. The nozzles may be configured to create a spray pattern that is about 50-degrees to direct the delivery of a medicament to the sphenopalatine ganglion.

Abstract: A method of introducing a vapor of at least one substance into an inhalation flow path of a respiratory organ is provided. The method describes providing a carrier conformable to a surface of skin; providing the carrier with at least one substance; providing a barrier coupled to a surface of the carrier, the barrier being substantially impermeable to the substances carried by the carrier; providing a polyethylene coated material disposed within or atop the barrier and configured as a clamp for a septum of a user, wherein the polyethylene coated material is heat sealed within the barrier; and engaging the carrier to the surface of skin proximate an inhalation flow path of a respiratory organ with the barrier adapted to be interposed between the carrier and the skin to prevent the one or more substances from contacting the skin; wherein the substance is non-volatile. A vehicle and mask for introducing a vapor are also provided.

Abstract: Patient information is associated with a respective ventilator device of a medical ventilator devices. Based on the ventilator data and associating the patient information, a ventilation configuration of the respective ventilator device and patient ventilation data related to a ventilation of the respective patient are determined. A current configuration of each of the plurality of medical ventilators is provided for display. In this regard, a display includes the determined ventilation configuration of the respective ventilator device and patient ventilation data of the respective patient. A control may also be displayed for changing a setting associated with the respective ventilator device and, when a change of the setting is received and implemented by the respective ventilator device, an indication of the change of the setting may be provided. Patient orientation may also be sensed and used to determine whether a setting needs to be changed or suction is needed.

Abstract: A medical ventilation monitoring system is provided. The system includes: a patient ventilation unit defining an airflow path, and arranged so that when the unit is applied to a patient, the airflow path is in fluid communication with the patient's airway. The patient ventilation unit includes: an airflow sensor positioned to sense the presence of ventilation airflow to or from the patient and a communication link. The system also includes at least one processor arranged to communicate with the ventilation unit by the communication link. The at least one processor is configured to: provide an initial treatment protocol for providing care to the patient, receive data regarding a current condition of the patient from the ventilation unit, and determine an updated treatment protocol. The updated treatment protocol includes applying ventilation at an updated ventilation volume or at an updated ventilation rate based on information from the airflow sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods for providing drive pressure ventilation of a patient. The disclosure describes a novel breath type that provides a spontaneous breath type that allows for the calculation of drive pressure that does not require invasive monitoring.

Abstract: A mechanical ventilator is provided that includes a dashboard display identifying a patient's current ventilatory status within a global or universal ventilatory mechanics map. This dashboard display is dynamically updated with the patient's condition, and shows trends in the patient's ventilation over time. The map identifies suggested safe and unsafe regions of ventilation for the patient, and the ventilator can display informational texts, trigger auditory and/or visual alarms, and transmit alarm communications in response to determining that the patient is approaching or has entered an unsafe region.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods for compensating for leaks in a ventilation system based on data obtained during periods within a breath in which the patient is neither inhaling nor exhaling. The methods and systems described herein more accurately and quickly identify changes in leakage. This information is then to estimate leakage later in the same breath or in subsequent breaths to calculate a more accurate estimate of instantaneous leakage based on current conditions. The estimated leakage is then used to compensate for the leak flow rates, reduce the patient's work of breathing and increase the patient's comfort (patient-ventilator breath phase transition synchrony).

Abstract: An oxygen generator for respiration-synchronized oxygen supply is provided. An ultrasonic gas sensor is used in the oxygen generator to act as a detection element for detecting human inhalation or respiration. On the basis of data corresponding to the human inhalation detected by the ultrasonic gas sensor, a control unit makes an oxygen generating unit supply oxygen to a human body through an oxygen delivery pipeline only when the human body inhales, and not supply the oxygen to the human body at the rest of time, thereby realizing respiration-synchronized oxygen supply. The respiration-synchronized oxygen supply by the oxygen generator is realized at low cost with simple and convenient control, thereby greatly reducing the cost, volume, weight, energy consumption and noise of the oxygen generator and increasing portability.

Abstract: A tracheostoma prosthesis having inner and outer cannulas is provided with a lockable connection for releasably locking the inner cannula to the outer cannula under the influence only of compressive force for locking and tensile force for unlocking. Surfaces on a proximal part of the inner cannula for gripping by a thumb and forefinger are exposed by recesses provided in a proximal part of the outer cannula. These surfaces permit manual application of sufficient compressive and tensile force to respectively lock and unlock the lockable connection.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a tracheostomy tube having neck flanges with filleted ends are provided. In certain embodiments, the neck flange may include a fillet extending from a bottom surface of the neck flange to a tip of the neck flange. In addition, the filleted end may also be tapered from a top surface of the neck flange to the tip of the neck flange. The neck flange may also include several curved edges, such as curved edges from the tip of the neck flange to side surfaces of the neck flange, and a curved bottom surface from side surface to side surface of the neck flange.

Abstract: A mask is disclosed that has a gas outlet which is quiet and provides for a diffused outlet flow of gases. The outlet is preferably a slot formed between a hollow body and cover over said hollow body. The mask also preferably extends and seals under a user's chin in use.

Abstract: A patient interface device includes a frame member and a cushion having a main body, a sealing portion, and first and second posts extending from the main body. The frame member defines a first orifice and a second orifice. The first post of the cushion is rotatably received within the first orifice and the second post is rotatably received within the second orifice in a manner that permits the cushion to rotate relative to the frame member.

Abstract: A breathing mask device, a sealing lip device for a breathing mask device, a molding tool and a method for producing a corresponding breathing mask device and sealing lip device are described. Also disclosed are ways that make it possible to create a breathing mask device that, with sufficiently strong tightness is distinguished by particular wearing comfort and which moreover can be produced advantageously in times of industrial production standpoints.

Abstract: A device for securing a nasal cannula to a patient includes a first adhesive strip configured to be releasably attached to columella of a nasal septum and a second adhesive strip configured to be releasbly attached to upper lip of the patient. The device further includes a clip connected to an elongated base member connecting the first and second adhesive strip, and the clip has an opening configured to secure the device to an oxygen tube of the nasal cannula.

Abstract: Inhalation of low levels of nitric oxide can rapidly and safely decrease pulmonary hypertension in mammals. A nitric oxide delivery system that converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid.

Abstract: A blower unit for use as part of an integrated blower/humidification system is described. The blower unit has an outer casing, which encloses and forms part of the blower unit, the casing including an air inlet vent. The blower unit further includes a humidifier compartment for receiving a humidifier unit with a separate gases inlet and outlet, the compartment having a heater base for heating the contents of the humidifier unit. The compartment also has a blower inlet port which aligns with the humidifier unit inlet in use, the blower providing a gases path through the casing between the inlet vent and the inlet port. The blower unit also includes a fan for providing a pressurised gases stream along the gases path, and a power supply unit for powering the fan. The gases path is routed over the power supply unit in order to provide a cooling air flow.

Abstract: A tub for a humidifier includes an inner tub configured to hold a supply of water; an outer tub configured to receive the inner tub, the outer tub comprising a bottom and a cavity being formed between the bottom and the inner tub when the inner tub is received in the inner tub; and a valve configured to control a flow of the supply of water from the inner tub to the cavity. The valve is closed to prevent the flow when the inner tub is received in a first position in the outer tub and open to permit the flow when the inner tub is received in a second position in the outer tub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a breathing circuit for delivering a flow of gases to a patient, the circuit comprising a connector for connecting the circuit to a patient; an inspiration tube connected to the connector, the inspiration tube being connectable to a ventilator and for receiving an inflow of gases for the patient; and an expiration portion. The expiration portion comprises first and second expiratory tubes connected to the connector. The first expiratory tube is connectable to a ventilator, the first expiratory tube in use providing a first expiratory flow path from the patient via the connector and the first expiratory tube to the ventilator. The second expiratory tube is connected to an open-tail reservoir bag, the second expiratory tube in use providing a second expiratory flow path from the patient via the connector and the second expiratory tube to the reservoir bag.

Abstract: A valve with an internal member is disclosed which allows exhaled carbon dioxide to escape from a breathing circuit when the circuit gas pressure drops below a threshold pressure. The valve operates by occluding one or more ports under a relatively high pressure and opening the one or more ports under a relatively low pressure. The internal member is attached to the body of the valve at two or more locations on the internal member. The internal member moves in a direction perpendicular to the gas flow through the valve.

Abstract: A neuromodulator may output stimuli that causes a user to fall asleep faster than the user would in the absence of the stimuli. Alternatively, the stimuli may modify a sleep state or behavior associated with a sleep state, or may cause or hinder a transition from a waking state to a sleep state or from a sleep state to another sleep state. The neuromodulator may take electroencephalography measurements. Based on these measurements, the neuromodulator may detect, in real time, instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of an endogenous brain signal. The neuromodulator may output stimulation that is, or that causes sensations which are, phase-locked with the endogenous brain signal. In the course of calculating instantaneous phase and amplitude, the neuromodulator may perform an endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform. The stimuli may comprise auditory, visual, electrical, magnetic, vibrotactile or haptic stimuli.

Abstract: A bi-directional perfusion cannula is provided that includes an elongate tube for insertion into an artery. The elongate tube has a first aperture at a distal end of the tube which is forward during insertion and configured so that blood can flow into the artery in the direction of insertion, an elbow formed in the elongate tube, and a second aperture formed in or slightly rearward of the elbow and configured for supplying blood into the artery in a second direction which is generally opposite to the insertion direction.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including inserting a catheter into a subject's body via a vein of the subject's groin. The catheter is advanced distally such that a distal end of the catheter is disposed inside the subject's renal vein. Respective stabilizing portions of the catheter stabilize the catheter by being in contact with inner walls of, respectively, an iliac vein of the subject, and a vena cava of the subject. Subsequently, a medical device is deployed inside the renal vein by retracting the distal end of the catheter, such that the distal end of the catheter is in a retracted state, in which the respective stabilizing portions of the catheter still stabilize the catheter by being in contact with the inner walls of, respectively, the subject's iliac vein and the subject's vena cava. Other applications are also described.