Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus which includes: a feeding portion configured to feed a sheet; an image forming portion configured to form an image on the sheet; a conveying portion configured to stop the sheet fed by the feeding portion at a predetermined position and to convey the sheet to the image forming portion in accordance with a timing of forming the image by the image forming portion; a type discriminating portion configured to discriminate whether a type of the sheet to be fed belongs to a first sheet type group including plain paper or to a second sheet type group including coated paper; and a controlling portion configured to control feeding of the sheet, wherein the controlling portion is configured to change a sheet feeding start timing of the feeding portion in accordance with the type discriminated by the type discriminating portion.

Abstract: A medium wind-up apparatus includes a reel-out motor, which is a driving source that winds up a medium, a control portion that controls the reel-out motor on the basis of a torque limit value, which regulates an upper limit of an output torque of the reel-out motor, and a reel-out side detection portion that detects a rotation speed of the reel-out motor, in which the control portion changes the torque limit value on the basis of the detected rotation speed. In this case, it is preferable that the control portion increase the torque limit value in a case in which the detected rotation speed falls below a first threshold value, and that the control portion reduce the torque limit value in a case in which the detected rotation speed exceeds a second threshold value, which is larger than the first threshold value.

Abstract: A web transfer device for a multiple turret winder on a continuous web process line includes a web delivery assembly having delivery rolls and a core transfer assembly having one or more core receiving structures. The transfer device includes a web transfer assembly configured to receive a web from the web delivery assembly and configured to communicate with the core transfer assembly. The web transfer assembly includes a frame and lay-on roll moveably positioned relative to the frame. The web transfer assembly includes a vacuum hood moveably positioned relative to the frame. The vacuum hood has a cutting device mounted therein and one or more suction holding surfaces that are configured to releasably hold a portion of the web. The suction holding surfaces are movable relative to the frame and the core receiving structures. The suction holding surfaces communicate with the core receiving structures to transfer the web thereto.

Abstract: A roller assembly for transporting a substrate includes a step roller and a plurality of first auxiliary rollers. The step roller includes a main roller, and a pair of edge rollers sleeved on the main roller and located on two opposite ends of the main roller, respectively. The plurality of first auxiliary rollers are disposed on two opposite sides of the step roller, respectively. A first film forms a closed loop through the first film being rolled on the plurality of first auxiliary rollers and the step roller cyclically. A method using the same is also provided.

Abstract: A plate configured to contact a web includes a first region having a first characteristic and a second region having a second characteristic different than the first characteristic. The plate has a substantially arcuate wall with an inner surface and an outer surface. A plurality of vacuum holes extends between the inner and outer surfaces and are configured to be in fluid communication with a vacuum source. A vacuum region is adapted to contact the first region of the web and a reduced-vacuum region is adapted to receive the second region of the web. The plurality of vacuum holes are configured such that, when attached to the vacuum source, a vacuum pressure at the vacuum region is greater than a pressure at the reduced-vacuum region so that the first region of the web is held against the plate with a greater force than the second region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: sheet feed trays on which sheets are placed; a transferrer that transfers an image formed by an image forming part onto a sheet at a transfer position; conveyance roller pairs provided along conveyance paths from the sheet feed trays to the transfer position and that conveys a fed sheet; a conveyance position detector that detects a conveyance position of a conveyed sheet in a width direction; a sheet position adjuster that performs adjustment of the conveyance position of the sheet in the width direction by using an amount of displacement; and a hardware processor that determines, on the basis of a sheet feed tray that is to be used among the sheet feed trays and a sheet length of a sheet that is to be fed from the sheet feed tray, whether or not the adjustment of the conveyance position is to be performed.

Abstract: A distance measure between a beginning and an end of a material strip wound onto a body in a tangential direction can be determined by creating a height profile of a surface of the material strip, which covers the beginning and the end of the wound material strip in the tangential direction. If a position value of the beginning of the material strip is determined in the created height profile, the distance measure can be determined using this position value and the height profile covering the end of the material strip.

Abstract: A sheet transport device includes pre-transfer sheet-transport rollers that transport a sheet to a transfer position at which an unfixed image is transferred, the pre-transfer sheet-transport rollers including a first roller in which three or more separate rollers attached to a first shaft rotate, and a second roller in which three or more separate rollers attached to a second shaft are in contact with the separate rollers of the first roller and rotate. The hardness of an inner separate roller of the first roller is lower than the hardness of end separate rollers of the first roller. The outside diameter of an inner separate roller of the second roller is greater than the outside diameter of end separate rollers of the second roller.

Abstract: A post-processing apparatus includes a storing unit that stores plural recording media for performing post-processing, a pushing member that pushes trailing ends of the recording media stored in the storing unit toward an ejection port, and a controller that controls the pushing member to stop at a position at which the pushing member supports a recording medium that is transported.

Abstract: The problem addressed by the invention is that of ensuring simple handling in the case of a device for unrolling and cutting off a strip (2) on a strip roll (3), said device having a main body (4), wherein the main body (4) has: a top side (5), having a tear-off blade (9), a gap (12), a storage plate (13) for storing the strip (2), and a roller (22); two lateral guiding surfaces (6, 7); and an underside (8). This problem is solved in that the storage plate (13) can be lateral pivoted or the roller (22) arranged after the gap (12) as viewed against the unrolling direction (11) can be inserted and locked in order to store the strip (2), wherein the storage plate (13) or the roller (22) forms the gap (12) in the end position thereof together with a rear edge (14) of the top side (5).

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for drywall banjo tools for applying joint tape. An example drywall banjo for applying joint tape includes a banjo body. The banjo body includes a panel and side walls protruding from outer edges of the panel to define a cavity that is configured to contain joint compound mud. The side walls include a first side wall that extends between an inlet and an outlet. The example disclosed drywall banjo also includes a sloped mound configured to couple to and project away from the first side wall within the cavity. The sloped mound is configured to guide the joint compound mud within the cavity toward the joint tape travelling between the inlet and the outlet to enable the joint compound mud to uniformly collect on a side of the joint tape.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of forming sheets having different lengths are provided. The apparatuses and methods may also be used to form panel lengths of different values using a same processing roll. In some embodiments, the diameter of the roll need not change. In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent rolls need not be changed when transitioning from one sheet length to another sheet length. In some embodiments, the processing roll includes an excess material receiving component that can be active or deactivated to switch between different sheet sizes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a blade for a saddle folding unit that can saddle-fold a sheet. At the edge of a folding side of the sheet in the blade, a protrusion portion protruding in a pushing direction of the blade is provided.

Abstract: The fire hose pack roller includes a first embodiment where the device is held in place by a bracket positioned under a vehicle's tire and the weight of the vehicle secures the device for use or in a second embodiment where the device is removably mounted to the vehicle. The hose pack roller device includes a pair of collapsible arms that are unfolded and the fire hose is would around pegs mounted on the arms. The device further includes a set of rollers that squeezes air and water from the hose as it is wound. Once wound the hose is easily folded into a Gansner type pack for storage of the hose. The arms of the device may be folded closed such that the device forms a compact unit for storage. No external power supply is required.

Abstract: A carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle which permits easy bundling of a plurality of small tows into one bundle, is provided with a dividing capability to divide into the original small tows spontaneously at the time of firing, and is suitable for obtaining a carbon fiber that is excellent in productivity and quality. A carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle that has a degree of intermingle of 1 m?1 or less between small tows, consists of substantially straight fibers without imparted crimp, a tow of which straight fibers has a moisture content of less than 10% by mass when housed in a container, and has a widthwise dividing capability to maintain a form of a single aggregate of tows when housed in a container, taken out from the container and guided into a firing step, and to divide into a plurality of small tows in the firing step by the tension generated in the firing step.

Abstract: A machine for coiling pipes (1) in spool form, includes a structure (10) supporting a rotating reel (11), a feeder unit for feeding a pipe (1) to the reel (11) in a longitudinal direction (X-X), a device (12) for cutting the pipe (1), a measuring unit (20) for measuring the length of the pipe (1), arranged upstream of the cutting device (12), in the longitudinal direction (X-X). The machine includes a device for hermetically sealing the pipe arranged in a zone of the machine situated upstream in the direction of feeding of the pipe towards the reel of the means for fastening to the reel and upstream of the cutting device in the same direction of feeding.

Abstract: A film dispenser for use in unwinding film from coreless film rolls. A first dispenser member is selectively matable with a second dispenser member. The first and second dispenser members can be mated together in at least two angular positions. The position of a radially outward facing surface of the dispenser can be adjusted based on the angular position of the dispenser members so that the dispenser can firmly engage and support film rolls of varying internal dimensions. Each of the dispenser members can have a radially extending support wall. The support walls define complementary interlocking formations. When the dispenser members are mated together, the complementary interlocking formations engage one another to form a rigid connection between the dispenser members. The engaged support walls radially support a central region of the film roll.

Abstract: A switching mechanism for traction device is provided, including: a push-pull button 1, a push-pull button decoration ring 2, a switching button 3, a reset spring 4, a right shell 5, a reel 6 and a left shell 7; wherein the push-pull button decoration ring 2 is sleeved on the push-pull button 1, in such a manner that the push-pull button 1 is fitted with a cambered surface of the left shell 7 and a cambered surface of the right shell 5; the switching button 3 is sleeved in the push-pull button 1; the push-pull button 1, the push-pull button decoration ring 2 and the switching button 3 form an integrated unit and are provided on the right shell 5 and the left shell 7. Sealing treatment is performed, in such a manner that deep hole directly entering internal part of the products is prevented.

Abstract: An elevator control system includes an elevator group system including one or more elevators and an elevator group controller configured to control operation of the one or more elevators. The system includes at least one of an external elevator management system and an external power provider connected via a data communications link to the elevator group controller. The elevator group controller is configured to transmit to the at least one of the external elevator management system and the external power provider elevator operation information, and the at least one of the external elevator management system and the external power provider is configured to transmit to the elevator group controller elevator operation control information based on the elevator operation information. The elevator group controller is configured to then control operation of the one or more elevators based on the elevator operation control information.

Abstract: One or more elevators can be more efficiently controlled by considering the then-current spatial capacity of the elevator. Camera images or other sensor data indicative of the occupied space in the elevator are received and processed by a control device to determine whether or not the elevator should stop at a requested floor. If the elevator is determined to lack space for additional passengers, then the elevator can bypass the requested stop and proceed without delay. If space remains, however, the elevator can stop to accommodate additional passengers. Measured spatial capacity can also be used to coordinate the actions of multiple elevators operating within a building.

Abstract: An elevator system includes a destination control system and an input system. An elevator car is called by an identification-device of a passenger being read by the input system. The destination control system is designed to recognize a signal-pattern that is produced by the passenger moving the respective identification device relative to parts of the input system. The destination control system is programmed to process different programs depending on the signal-pattern. Furthermore, a method for biasing elevator movements of such elevator systems is disclosed.

Abstract: An example elevator system may include a shaft in which at least one elevator car can be vertically displaced. The elevator car may be coupled to a counterweight via a cable arrangement wherein the cable arrangement has at least one cable portion. Horizontal deflection of the cable portion can be limited by at least one limiting member. In some examples, the at least one limiting member may be configured as a limiting roller that is mounted laterally alongside the cable portion such that it can be rotated about an axis of rotation and can be made to rotate by a controllable rotary drive that depends on a speed and a movement direction of the cable portion.

Abstract: An embedded power module includes a substrate, first and second semiconducting dies, first and second gates, and first and second vias. The first semiconducting die is embedded in the substrate and spaced between opposite first and second surfaces of the substrate. The second semiconducting die is embedded in the substrate, is spaced between the first and second surfaces, and is spaced from the first semiconducting die. The first gate is located on the first surface. The second gate is located on the second surface. The first via is electrically engaged to the first gate and the second semiconducting die, and the second via is electrically engaged to the second gate and the first semiconducting die.

Abstract: Car door (1) comprising: two sliding door panels (2, 3); two profiles (6, 7), each of which is arranged below one of the two door panels (2, 3), the profiles (6, 7) being partially counter-shaped so as to slide with respect to one another therefore while the door (1) is opening they move towards one another to compose a sill (5).

Abstract: A tread element (12) for a passenger conveyor (10); the tread element (12) comprising a tread (14) defined by a front side, a rear side, a first lateral side and a second lateral side; a riser (16) comprising a riser panel (18) adjacent the rear side of the tread (14) and pivotably connected to the tread (14); at least one tread chain axle (28) adapted to connect the tread element (12) to the at least one tread chain (22); at least one tread roller (42) adapted to engage with a guide element (36) of the passenger conveyor (10) to adjust the position of the tread (14) with respect to the riser (16); and at least one cantilever arm (40) supported at its one longitudinal side by the tread chain axle (28) and supporting the tread roller (42) at its opposite longitudinal side.

Abstract: Conveyors and people movers, such as escalators and moving walkways, for instance, may include a support member belt comprised of a plurality of support members guided on rails. The support members may be, for example, steps of an escalator or pallets of a moving walkway. Each support member may be secured to a pair of drag rollers that travels along the rails. Further, each support member may include a roller spindle that is held rotationally conjointly in or on a body of the support member. Between the roller spindle and the body of the support member, there may be a plug-in connection by way of which the roller spindle is maintained against an undercut under bias of a latching device.

Abstract: A power bucket having a first and second bucket half pivotally secured together about a main axis by a pivot pin. The bucket halves are movable between an open and a closed position. A head is disposed above the bucket halves and at least one arm pivotally connects the head to one bucket half while at least one second arm is pivotally connected between the head and the other bucket half. A cylinder support is pivotally mounted to the pivot pin and one end of a hydraulic cylinder is attached to the pivot support. The other end of the cylinder is attached to the bucket. Upon actuation of the cylinders, the cylinders move the bucket halves so that a cutting edge of the bucket half moves in a substantially horizontal plane.

Abstract: An offshore platform lifting device for lifting operations at sea after sailed to a certain position of a sea surface includes an upper deck, a plurality of upright columns, a rail seat, a base disposed on the rail seat, two davit arms, two first winches, and two second winches. The upper deck has a lower pontoon. The upright columns are connected between to the upper deck and the lower pontoon. Each upright column is provided with a support leg that is longitudinally inserted through the upright column, thereby positioning the offshore platform lifting device on the seabed through the upright columns. The two davit arms are disposed the base and drives the base to move laterally through a pushing device. The two second winches each have a second cable passing through the two davit arms. A hook is disposed at a distal end of the second cable.

Abstract: The overhanging storage mechanism for a jib is provided with: a guide roller (31) provided to a jib (15); a guide (32) provided to a base end boom (14a); a jib-fixing pin (43) provided to the base end boom (14a); and a pin socket (45) that is provided to the jib (15) and that comprises insertion holes (48), (49). The jib-fixing pin (43) and the insertion holes (48), (49) are arranged so that the jib-fixing pin (43) is inserted in the insertion hole (48) when the jib (15) moves along the base end boom (14a) together with contraction of a boom (14). The inner dimensions of a front end opening (48) are larger than the outer dimensions of the jib-fixing pin (43). It is thus possible to absorb positional displacement between the jib-fixing pin (43) and the insertion hole (48).

Abstract: A support force measurement apparatus for determining a support force on a support element of a support structure of a movable working machine. The measurement apparatus has at least one measurement element and a support leg. The measurement element is connected to a deformation body capable of being deformed with an effect of the support force, so as to form a sensor and send a signal proportional to the support force. The support leg has the sensor and is movably connected to the support element. The support element comprises a cable connection, and the cable connection is constructed in a manner of guiding electrical energy and is used for sending the signal proportional to the support force to an analysis apparatus in a machine. The support element in the support leg and the sensor are provided with electromagnetic interfaces.

Abstract: A system and method for a load-facing winch are described for hauling or lifting loads at least 30° from center of the primary support object. The load-facing winch includes a winch-mount that includes a housing, a center-pivot, a mounting-plate, and a plurality of springs. The mounting-plate is attached to the winch and tilts and/or turns about the center-pivot, which allows the winch to face the load. By directing the winch to face the load, angular resistance against a moving fairlead may be reduced.

Abstract: Embodiments include an industrial truck comprising a chassis, which is supported by at least two front wheels and by at least one rear wheel, a mast for a load-carrying apparatus, wherein the front wheels are rotatably arranged on wheel arms that protrude forwards from the mast support region of the chassis, and configured for suppressing and reducing vibrations, wherein at least one of the wheel arms, is split into at least two wheel arm portions, which are mounted by a bearing arrangement so as to be able to perform movements relative to one another, wherein relative movements of the wheel arm portions are influenced, in order to suppress or reduce vibrations.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatus for removing heat generated by cells of a battery pack. The methods and apparatus may employ one or more fan modules disposed between or next to cells of the battery pack, or one or more fans directly mounted to the battery pack or battery pack case housing the cells. Further, a motor controller isolation system operates to electrically isolate the motor controller of the electric vehicle when the battery pack is being charged. The motor controller isolation system may be integrated with the integrated battery pack and thermal and ventilation system. The integrated system, or “integrated battery unit (IBU),” is preferably manufactured in a manner that requires no, modifications to the electric vehicle in which the IBU is installed.

Abstract: Shaped sideplates include a portion of the sideplate that is contained within a mast channel such that such portion is at least substantially hidden from the view of an operator located at the operator station of the forklift.

Abstract: A stabilizer arrangement for mobile apparatus such as an access platform having a chassis with a functional component movably mounted thereon for movement between a rest position and a use position, comprises a stabilizer member movably mounted with respect to the chassis and having a ground-engaging portion, the stabilizer member being movable between a retracted condition in which the ground-engaging portion does not engage the ground and a deployed condition in which the ground-engaging portion engages the ground, the stabilizer member and functional component being mechanically interconnected such that, in use, initial functional movement from the rest position of the functional component relative to the chassis causes movement of the stabilizer member from the retracted condition to the deployed condition.

Abstract: A drink filling system including: a bottle molding section; a sterilizing section that sterilizes a molded bottle; a rinsing section that rinses the bottle; a filling section that fills and seals the bottle; and a conveying unit that conveys the bottle from the molding section through to the filling section. A chamber covers a portion extending from the sterilizing section to the filling section, and an atmosphere shut-off chamber is provided between a sterilizing section chamber and a rinsing section chamber. An exhaust unit is provided for the atmosphere shut-off chamber and/or the sterilizing section chamber, a clean air supply unit is provided for a filling section chamber so that a clean air flows from the filling section chamber into the atmosphere shut-off chamber through the rinsing section chamber or further flows into the sterilizing section chamber, and the air-flow flowing therein is exhausted by an exhaust unit.

Abstract: Dispensing assembly (10) comprising a container (1), containing a pressurized beverage, connected to or provided with a dispense assembly, wherein the dispense assembly comprises an outlet channel (12) closable by a valve body (16) and a chamber (14) between the container (1) and the valve body (16), which chamber (14) is at least partly closed by a movable and/or deformable wall part (28) connected to the valve body (16) or a valve seat, such that pressurized beverage from the container filling the chamber forces the wall part (28), into a position biasing the valve body (16) or the valve seat in a position closing the outlet channel (12) and by pushing the wall part the valve body (16) or the valve seat can be forced into a position opening the outlet channel (12), wherein preferably at least during use there is an open connection between said chamber (14) and a beverage compartment of the container (1).

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a dispensing system and a sanitizing system. The apparatus has a dispensing mode and sanitizing mode. The dispensing system may comprise a first valve and at least one component, the at least one component comprising an inner surface. The first valve has an open position to send a free-flowing material to the at least one component when the apparatus is in the dispensing mode, in a closed position when the combination is in the sanitizing mode. The sanitizing system comprises a processing unit, having an electrochemical cell configured to produce an anolyte solution and a catholyte solution. The sanitizing system comprises a second valve having an open position to send the anolyte solution and the catholyte solution to the at least one component when the apparatus is in the sanitizing mode. The second valve has a closed position when the apparatus is in the dispensing mode.

Abstract: A tap (1) is disclosed for delivering liquids, particularly for delivering high- and medium-density liquids from rigid vessels, comprising: a body (3); stem means (9); and elastic actuating means (11) of the stem means (9); air inlet/outlet means (13, 25, 28) in the body (3) and inside the vessel; valve means (7) for passing air; non-return valve means (26) placed between the air inlet and outlet means (13, 25, 28) and the vessel interior and adapted to be guided and driven by the pressure difference between outside the tap (1) and inside the vessel; anti-counterfeiting and protecting means (A); supporting means (E); and an integrated glass (D).

Abstract: A spike for dispensing fluids from a flexible bag, wherein the spike includes multiple fluid channels which transfer liquids from the bag to an enclosed dispensing chamber and air from the enclosed chamber to the bag to permit and control fluid flow within the system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are based on the idea of providing a device (2) for handling a hose (3) and a fuel dispensing unit (1) having such a device (2). This is basically achieved by an elastic element (13) that is adapted to extend within a frame element (8) and to be guided by a guiding element (9, 10), and by a hose guiding means (15) which is movable away from said frame element (8) allowing said hose (3) to be pulled from an idle position to an operating position when said elastic element (13) is extended.

Abstract: A holding stand for a multicoupling for filling and/or emptying a chemical plant container is provided, having a mounting device for the essentially stationary fastening of the holding stand and at least one compensating device, couplable indirectly or directly to the multicoupling, for varying a position of the multicoupling in relation to the mounting device in the vertical direction and/or in the horizontal direction and/or for varying an angular position of the multicoupling in relation to the mounting device about a vertical and/or horizontal axis of rotation. It thereby becomes possible for a multicoupling to be coupled simply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cantilever or membrane comprising a body and an elongated beam attached to the body. The elongated beam includes a first layer comprising a first material, a second layer comprising a second material having an elastic modulus different to that of the first material, a third layer comprising a third material having an elastic modulus different to that of the first material, where the first layer is sandwiched between the second layer and the third layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) includes forming a lower electrode on a first insulator layer within a cavity of the MEMS. The method further includes forming an upper electrode over another insulator material on top of the lower electrode which is at least partially in contact with the lower electrode. The forming of the lower electrode and the upper electrode includes adjusting a metal volume of the lower electrode and the upper electrode to modify beam bending.

Abstract: A semiconductor pressure sensor assembly for measuring a pressure of an exhaust gas which contains corrosive components, comprising: a first cavity, a pressure sensor comprising first bondpads for electrical interconnection, a CMOS chip comprising second bondpads for electrical interconnection with the pressure sensor, an interconnection module having electrically conductive paths connected via bonding wires to the pressure sensor and to the CMOS chip; the interconnection module being a substrate with corrosion-resistant metal tracks, wherein the CMOS chip and part of the interconnection module are encapsulated by a plastic package.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a cavity within a substrate. A MEMS structure is within the cavity, wherein the cavity includes the MEMS structure. A trench is connected to the cavity, wherein the trench is not directly opposite the MEMS structure. An oxide layer lines the trench and the cavity. A seal layer seals the trench and traps a predetermined pressure within the cavity and the trench.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing and using micro assembler systems are described. A method of manufacturing includes disposing a first plurality of electrodes above a first zone of the substrate, wherein the first plurality of electrodes has a first range of spacing. The method further includes disposing a second plurality of electrodes above a second zone of the substrate, wherein the second plurality of electrodes has a second range of spacing that is less than the first range of spacing. A method of using micro assembler systems includes disposing a mobile particle at least partially submersed in an assembly medium above a substrate, a first plurality of electrodes and a second plurality of electrodes. The method further includes conducting a field through individual electrodes of the first plurality of electrodes and the second plurality of electrodes to generate electrophoretic forces or dielectrophoretic forces on the mobile particle.

Abstract: A device preferably for use in an inertial navigation system the device having a single IC wafer; a plurality of sensors bonded to bond regions on said single IC wafer, at least one of said bond regions including an opening therein in gaseous communication with a pressure chamber associated with at least one of the plurality of said sensors; and a plurality of caps encapsulating said plurality of sensors, at least one of said plurality of caps forming at least a portion of said pressure chamber. A method of making the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A MEMS device comprises an electro mechanical element in a sealed chamber containing a gas comprising a reactive gas selected to react with any contaminants that may be present or formed on the operating surfaces of the device in a manner to maximize the electrical conductivity of the surfaces during operation of the device. The MEMS device may comprise a MEMS switch having electrical contacts as the operating surfaces. The reactive gas may comprise hydrogen or an azane, optionally mixed with an inert gas, or any combination of the gases. The corresponding process provides a means to substantially reduce or eliminate contaminants present or formed on the operating surfaces of MEMS devices in a manner to maximize the electrical conductivity of the surfaces during operation of the devices.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method including forming a cavity in a first side of a first silicon wafer. An oxide layer is formed on the first side and in the cavity. The first side of the first silicon wafer is bonded to a first side of a second silicon wafer, and a gap control structure is deposited on a second side of the second silicon wafer. A MEMS structure is formed in the second silicon wafer. The second side of the second silicon wafer is eutecticly bonded to the third silicon wafer, and the eutectic bonding includes pressing the second silicon wafer to the third silicon wafer.