Abstract: A double acting pump mechanism is described for mounting on a wheel for inflating a pneumatic tire. The double acting pump mechanism includes a housing having a first pump chamber and a second pump chamber; wherein a diaphragm separates the first pump chamber from the second pump chamber; the housing further including an inlet port in fluid communication with the first pump chamber, and an outlet port in fluid communication with the second pump chamber, and wherein the outlet of the first pump chamber is in fluid communication with the inlet of the second pump chamber; a striker plate is positioned for reciprocation in the housing; the striker plate being connected to a diaphragm holder, wherein the diaphragm holder engages the diaphragm and actuates the diaphragm in the first and second pump chamber. Preferably the striker plate is actuated by a permanent or electro magnet mounted on a stationary part, or the striker plate is actuated by an electrically driven magnet.

Abstract: A pumping mechanism in accordance with the present invention is used with a pneumatic tire mounted on a wheel to keep the pneumatic tire from becoming underinflated. The pumping mechanism includes a frame having a first chamber and a pump chamber, a strike plate positioned in the first chamber and being connected to a plunger plate, said plunger plate having a nose for engagement with a diaphragm mounted in the pump chamber; said pump chamber being in fluid communication with a pump inlet and a pump outlet; wherein actuation of the strike plate in the first chamber causes engagement of the nose with the diaphragm. Preferably the strike plate is actuated by a permanent magnet mounted on a stationary part, or the strike plate is actuated by an electrically driven magnet.

Abstract: A traction increasing wheel accessory system for vehicles includes a plurality of anti-skids, an outer chain, an inner chain, an outer fastener, and an inner fastener. Each anti-skid includes a cross body, an outer shoulder body, and an inner shoulder body. The inner shoulder body is terminally connected to the cross body. The outer shoulder body is terminally connected to the cross body, opposite of the inner shoulder body. The outer chain is externally engaged with the outer shoulder body of each of the plurality of the anti-skids. The inner chain is externally engaged with the inner shoulder body of each of the plurality of the anti-skids. The outer fastener and the inner fastener are terminally attached to each end of the inner chain and the outer chain, thus allowing the accessory system to wrap around a wheel assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tire valve stem assembly for a pneumatic tire having a valve stem for inflating the tire and having a member extending from the valve stem into an interior of the tire to prevent clogging or minimize clogging of the valve stem by leak sealing material.

Abstract: Provided is a trailer platform having an adjustable ball position. The platform has a first end portion sized to removably mount within a trailer hitch receiver and a second end portion opposite the first end portion. A movable ball mount having a ball hole sized to mount a trailer ball is on the movable ball mount and the movable ball mount is movably mounted on the second end portion of the platform so that the movable ball mount can be moved between a retracted position and an extended position on the platform to adjust a distance between the first end of the platform the ball hole, with the extended position providing a greater distance between the ball hole and the first end portion than the distance between the ball hole and the first end portion in the retracted position. Also provided is a method of using the movable ball mount to provide slack to disconnect a trailer coupler from the trailer ball.

Abstract: A suspension bearing unit for a motor vehicle, comprising an upper cup, a lower cup and a bearing interposed between the upper cup and the lower cup in rotation in relation to each other about a principal axis. The suspension bearing unit also comprises at least one seal in a hollow housing provided on one face of a first element from among the lower cup and the upper cup. The hollow housing comprises a plurality of protruding ribs spaced apart circumferentially, the ribs protruding into the base of the seal.

Abstract: A suspension monitoring and adjustment system for an off-road vehicle includes a distance sensor arranged to measure shock displacement of a suspension of the vehicle. The system may include an output device configured to output shock displacement data generated by the distance sensor and a processor or programmable circuit operable to produce a visual representation of the shock displacement data output by the output device. The system may include a processor or programmable circuit operable to generate an adjustment signal based on shock displacement data generated by the distance sensor and a suspension adjuster arranged to adjust the suspension of the vehicle in response to the adjustment signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling a suspension component of a vehicle, in which a control unit of the suspension component continuously generates a plurality of control requirements according to a generation clock frequency, each requirement comprising a control value, for an actuator of the suspension component. A bus system of the vehicle continuously transmits to the actuator the control requirements generated by the control unit according to a transmission clock frequency. The actuator calculates a target output value for the suspension component from the control value of each transmitted control requirement and an actual output value of the suspension component, and adjusts the suspension component corresponding to the calculated target output value.

Abstract: A clutch apparatus for a stabilizer may include: an inner race fixed to a first transmission bar, with a first guide recess part formed in a longitudinal direction in an outer surface of the first transmission bar; a housing fixed to a second transmission bar and installed in a shape enclosing the outer surface of the inner race, with a second guide recess part formed in the housing at a position facing the first guide recess part; a ball disposed between the inner race and the housing and having opposite sides respectively inserted into and retained in the first guide recess part and the second guide recess part; and a driver disposed inside the housing and configured to move the ball along the first guide recess part and the second groove and control power transmission between the inner race and the housing.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration unit for use with a transport trailer includes a structural framework mountable to a wall of the transport trailer, a condenser heat exchanger unit mounted to the structural framework, an evaporator housing separated from the condenser heat exchanger by a distance, and at least one condenser fan assembly positioned aft of the condenser heat exchanger unit and forward of the evaporator housing. The at least one condenser fan assembly includes a fan rotor defining an inlet end. The fan rotor is rotatable about a fan axis. A casing defines a central opening and the fan rotor is arranged within the central opening. The casing includes a plurality of openings spaced about a periphery of the casing. A portion of an airflow moving through the at least one condenser fan assembly is expelled from the at least one condenser fan assembly radially via the plurality of openings.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration unit for use with a transport trailer includes a structural framework mountable to a wall of the transport trailer, a condenser heat exchanger unit mounted to the structural framework, an evaporator housing separated from the condenser heat exchanger by a distance, and at least one condenser fan assembly positioned aft of the condenser heat exchanger unit and forward of the evaporator housing. The at least one condenser fan assembly includes a fan casing and a fan rotor rotatable relative to the fan casing about an axis. The fan rotor has a plurality of fan blades. A shroud is coupled to a radially outer end of the plurality of fan blades. The shroud includes an axially oriented protrusion extending from a distal end of the shroud towards the fan casing and a clearance is formed between the protrusion and the casing defining a convoluted flow path.

Abstract: A panel and defrost plenum includes a manifold section, an air feed section and a branch section. The manifold section includes a first air distribution door, a second air distribution door and an optional third air distribution door. The manifold section also includes at least one actuator to displace the first air distribution door, the second air distribution door and the optional third air distribution door if present, between multiple operating positions. The air feed section is located upstream of the manifold section and functions to deliver an airstream past a package restriction to the manifold section. The branch section is downstream from the manifold section. A related method of routing an airstream past a package restriction is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlling environmental parameters in a vehicle having multiple climate controlled zones is provided in the disclosure. The method includes determining whether a climate controlled zone is occupied by a user. If the climate controlled zone is not occupied by a user, then a status of “non-occupied” is assigned to the climate controlled zone. If the climate controlled zone is occupied by a user, then the a status of “occupied” is assigned to the climate controlled zone, identifies the user, and retrieves from a database a user profile linked to the identified user. The user profile includes predetermined environmental parameter settings such air temperature, air flowrate, airflow direction, and seating temperature. The controller than adjust at least one environmental parameter for the climate controlled zone to match the predetermined environmental parameter settings. A system is provided for the implementation of the method.

Abstract: A vehicular air-conditioning device includes an inside air temperature detector, an inside air-conditioning portion, and an air-conditioning controller. The inside air-conditioning portion includes a temperature adjuster and a blower. The air-conditioning controller includes an auto control portion, an open signal detector, a thermal load determiner, and a power saving control portion. The auto control portion is configured to perform an auto control. The open signal detector is configured to detect an open signal. The thermal load determiner is configured to determine whether a thermal load on the passenger compartment exceeds an air-conditioning capacity of the auto control. The power saving control portion is configured to perform a power saving control to limit an increase of a power consumption regardless of the inside air temperature when the open signal is detected and it is determined that the thermal load exceeds the air-conditioning capacity of the auto control.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device has a compressor, a radiator, a decompressor, an evaporator, a heat medium cooling evaporator, a cooling target device, a detector, and a controller. The heat medium cooling evaporator cools a cooling heat medium by performing a heat exchange between the refrigerant decompressed in the decompressor and the cooling heat medium. The cooling heat medium cools the cooling target device. The detector detects a subcooling state of the cooling target device having a temperature lower than or equal to a reference temperature. Upon the detection of the subcooling state in the cooling target device by the detector, the controller increases the degree of superheat of the refrigerant flowing out of the heat medium cooling heat exchanger as compared to the degree of superheat of the refrigerant flowing out of the heat medium cooling heat exchanger when the detector does not detect the subcooling state.

Abstract: A pressure relief assembly includes a main body (100) including at least one air passage chamber defined between one or more outer walls. At least one flap (320) covers at least one air opening within the air passage chamber(s). The outer wall(s) include one or more first latch members (120). A cover (200) includes one or more second latch members (202) that are configured to securely latch to the first latch member(s).

Abstract: An aroma generating device for a vehicle includes: a door opening detecting section configured to detect whether or not a door of a vehicle has been opened; an aroma generating section configured to release aromatic components within a vehicle cabin at a time of operation, the aromatic components are filled within a container; and an aroma control section configured to control the aroma generating section to start operation in a case in which the door opening detecting section detects that a door has been opened, and to stop operation in a case in which a predetermined time period has elapsed from the start of operation of the aroma generating section.

Abstract: Provided is a power slide window which can synchronize the winding and unwinding movements of the upper drive cables and the lower drive cables, and can be assembled with ease. The power slide window (1) includes an upper drive cable (10U) connected to an upper part of the slide panel and extending from the slide panel in a lateral direction along a surface of the window glass pane, a lower drive cable (10D) connected to a lower part of the slide panel and extending from the slide panel in the lateral direction along the surface of the window glass pane, a first pulley (40) configured to be rotatably driven by the drive source to wind and unwind the upper drive cable, a second pulley (50) configured to be rotatably driven by the drive source to wind and unwind the lower drive cable, and a coupling structure (60) provided between the first pulley and the second pulley to allow the first pulley and the second pulley to be joined to each other at a selected relative angular relationship.

Abstract: A decorative member includes a light-transmitting substrate which is made of resin and is formed with a recessed portion on a back surface thereof, a hot stamping foil layer which is formed on the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate except for the recessed portion, and a metal vapor deposition film layer which is laminated on the recessed portion on the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate and the hot stamping foil layer.

Abstract: A vehicle door presenting system includes an actuator striker positioned at one of a vehicle body surface or a vehicle door, and an actuator positioned at the other of the vehicle body surface or the vehicle door and engagable with the actuator striker. The actuator is configured to move the vehicle door between a fully closed position and a partially open position via interaction between the actuator and the actuator striker. The actuator includes a retaining portion to maintain engagement with the actuator striker. The retaining portion retains the vehicle door in the partially open position to prevent the vehicle door from moving toward a fully open position.

Abstract: A door of a vehicle may include a first door module forming a door skeleton; a second door module coupled with the first door module and forming a door window; and a door frame coupled to the first door module and engaged with the second door module; wherein the second door module may include a relatively lightweight material as compared to the first door module, reducing weight and cost of the door for a vehicle.

Abstract: A resin back door includes an inner panel, an upper outer panel, and a reinforcing member fixed to the inner panel, and the upper outer panel and the reinforcing member are fastened with a bolt. In the resin back door, the reinforcing member has a flat plate portion extending along an inner surface of the upper outer panel, the reinforcing member has a fastened portion formed as an arm extending after bending from the flat plate portion toward the upper outer panel, and the upper outer panel has a fastened portion formed as a thin thickness portion having a plate thickness smaller than that of a general portion.

Abstract: A resin back door includes a resin inner panel, a resin lower outer panel, and a metal reinforcing member disposed in a hollow space defined by the inner panel and the lower outer panel. In the resin back door, the reinforcing member has an annular shape extending along an outer peripheral edge of the inner panel, and includes right and left reinforcing members and a lower-side reinforcing member which are separated from each other and fixed to the inner panel with an adhesive leaving a gap. The reinforcing members are connected by using right and left corner connecting members and an upper connecting member to constitute the reinforcing member.

Abstract: A vehicle tailgate structure including a first panel portion including a composite material and a second panel portion overmolded onto the first panel portion, the first and second panel portions forming together a body portion, a transverse beam and side beams connecting the transverse beam to the body portion, wherein the transverse beam includes a hinge attachment portion configured to receive a hinge attachment part, wherein the first panel portion has a bent strip in the transverse beam, and wherein the bent strip is raised with respect to a remaining portion of the first panel portion.

Abstract: A motor vehicle according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a roof including a first fabric and a second fabric. The first fabric and the second fabric are selectively deployed to cover at least a portion of a passenger cabin of the motor vehicle. Further, the first fabric is configured to filter a different level of light than the second fabric. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a roofing system suitable for off-road vehicles. The roofing system includes a front panel that connects to a front, first lateral member of a roll cage of the vehicle and extends rearward over a front passenger seat to a rearward, second lateral member of the roll cage. The roofing system includes a rear panel that overlaps and connects to the front panel at a lateral seam including a channel and a seal between the front panel and the rear panel. The same front panel may be used on multiple models of vehicle. The rear panel may be sized according to the model of the vehicle. When different rear panels are used, each rear panel may include the same features along a front edge for forming a seam with the common front panel.

Abstract: Transportation methods, systems and covers for transporting hot ingots or sows are disclosed. The transportation system includes a base, at least one stack of ingots, and at least one cover positioned over the at least one stack of ingots. The transportation system may also include a securement assembly configured to secure the at least one stack of ingots and at least one cover to the base. A transportation method using the transportation system to deliver hot ingots to a processing facility is also disclosed.

Abstract: A component mount and chassis incorporating same are provided. The component mount includes a frame rail side portion having a first surface and a component side portion having a second surface facing the first surface. The first and second surfaces bound an interior space of the component mount. One or more damping elements are situated within the interior space. A chassis incorporating the aforementioned mount includes a frame rail which includes a cut out that has been formed prior to bending the frame rail into its final shape. The component mount is mounted to the frame rail and accessible through the cut out.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a powertrain support mount assembly. In one example, the powertrain support mount assembly comprises a first bracket and a second bracket, the second bracket comprising an engagement feature shaped to engage with the first bracket during a vehicle collision, which adjusts a load of the second bracket to decouple from the engage and avoid contacting an auxiliary component adjacent to the powertrain.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle powertrain with a flywheel-based short-term energy storage system (SESS), including control and design optimization for a hybrid electric vehicle with the flywheel as a third energy storage system. The powertrain comprises three different propulsion systems including: an internal combustion engine (ICE); an electric motor (EM) with battery; and a flywheel and continuously variable transmission (CVT) that comprise the SESS.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an engine, a transmission mechanism, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit performs first switching control when there is a request for switching from a low mode to a high mode. The first switching control is to release a first engagement mechanism, and switch a second engagement mechanism to an engaged state when a difference between input and output rotational speeds of the second engagement mechanism becomes equal to or smaller than a permissible value.

Abstract: A drive force control system for hybrid vehicles to prevent a reduction in drive force during reverse propulsion while operating an engine. An operating mode of a transmission mechanism can be selected from a first mode in which the output torque of the engine is delivered to the output member at a first predetermined ratio and a second mode in which the output torque of the engine is delivered to the output member at a second predetermined ratio that is smaller than the first predetermined ratio. A controller is configured to restrict selection of the first mode when the engine generates a power greater than a predetermined power during propulsion of the hybrid vehicle in the reverse direction.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle in which an internal combustion engine can be suitably assisted by a rotating electrical machine. The vehicle is provided with an internal combustion engine, a rotating electrical machine, a transmission, a clutch placed between the transmission and the combination of the internal combustion engine and rotating electrical machine, and a motive power control device that controls the motive power of the internal combustion engine and the rotating electrical machine. The motive power control device calculates additional motive power for the rotating electrical machine on the basis of the difference between the motive-power-transmitting capacity of the clutch and the motive power of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Regular series-parallel hybrid electric powertrains are two-motor HEV propulsion systems mated with a planetary gear, and most mild or full parallel hybrid systems are single motor systems with a gearbox or continuously variable transmission coupled with an electric machine. Coupling a ball-type continuously variable planetary (CVP), such as a VariGlide®, with one electric machine enables the creation of a parallel HEV architecture with the CVP functioning as a continuously variable transmission, and the motor providing the functionality of electric assist, starter motor capability, launch assist and regenerative braking. Two motor variants provide series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) architectures.

Abstract: A method of controlling reverse driving of a hybrid vehicle is provided, in which a reverse gear train of a gear box of a transmission for reverse driving is omitted. When a gear stage enters a reverse stage or is changed from a drive stage to a reverse stage, an engine performs an electric energy charging function on a battery via a hybrid starter generator and a motor transmits driving power for reverse driving to travelling wheels. Accordingly, the battery is charged with electric energy and simultaneously, the motor is reversely driven based on the electric energy supplied from the battery, thereby enabling a hybrid vehicle to be more easily reversed.

Abstract: A cooling system for an agricultural vehicle includes a housing configured to support one or more cooling components, a debris conduit extending from the housing of the cooling system, a suction fan configured to rotate to apply negative airflow, and a valve configured to move between an open position in which the debris conduit is fluidly coupled to the suction fan and a closed position in which the debris conduit is isolated from the suction fan.

Abstract: An active seal arrangement operably connected to a radiator and condenser of a vehicle. The arrangement includes at least one movable seal. The seal is selectively movable between a closed, air-restricting position and an open, air-passing position. The seal is pivotably connected to either the radiator or the condenser. Alternatively, the movable seal is slidably attached to a side wall fitted between the radiator and the condenser. A position controller operably connected to at least one sensor regulates the position of the seal. The seal is moved to its closed, air-restricting position during times of high condenser load such as when idling or when the vehicle is operated at very low vehicle speeds during hot weather. The seal is moved to its open, air-passing position during high powertrain cooling demand such as in hot weather, when ascending a grade, or when towing a large trailer or payload.

Abstract: An active grille shutter arrangement having an assembled modular frame with a plurality of primary frame pieces formed by extrusion. Each one of the plurality of primary frame pieces has a first end, a second end and at least one key slot extending between the first end and the second end. Each of the plurality of frame pieces also includes a hollow bore extending through the each one of the plurality of primary frame pieces forming an aperture at the first end and an aperture at the second end. When the modular frame is assembled there is an upper frame portion and lower frame portion, both formed from one of the plurality of primary frame pieces. The arrangement also includes a number of alternate frame and vane pieces that allow several different active grille shapes and configurations to be formed.

Abstract: One embodiment of a molded fuel tank includes a fuel tank molded as one piece of rotationally molded cross-linked polyethylene material. One embodiment may include molding a fuel tank wall as a single layer of material with a metal component fastening structure positioned within the single layer fuel tank wall as it is molded.

Abstract: A multi-chamber plastic tank, in particular for a motor vehicle, encompasses at least two reservoir chambers, fluid-mechanically separated from one another, which are each mutually independently fillable with liquid and from each of which liquids stored therein are mutually independently non-mixingly withdrawable, the multi-chamber plastic tank including a plurality of injection-molded plastic tank components that are intermaterially connected to one another along a joining surface, provision is made that with regard to the final operationally ready installation position of the multi-chamber plastic tank, at least one joining surface is inclined, relative to a reference plane orthogonal to the direction of gravity, in such a way that it is neither parallel nor orthogonal to the reference plane.

Abstract: Determining the thermodynamic state of fuel includes opening the venting connection to release the tank pressure while monitoring the derivative pressure (dP/dt), closing the venting connection when one of the following conditions is met, the derivative pressure (dP/dt) is lower than a predetermined threshold DP1 or the opening time ?t1 reaches a predetermined value, if the closing of the venting connection occurs when the opening time ?t1 reaches the said predetermined value, determining that the fuel is boiling and aborting the method if the closing of the venting connection occurs when the derivative pressure (dP/dt) is lower than the said threshold DP1, measuring an initial tank pressure at the closing of the venting connection, measuring the final tank pressure after a closure time ?t2, calculating the pressure variation (?P/?t2), comparing the pressure variation (?P/?t2) with a first threshold PV1, if the pressure is lower then aborting the method.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and operating liquid container system for controlling the internal pressure of an operating liquid container of a motor vehicle, wherein the method includes determining an internal pressure of the operating liquid container by means of a pressure sensor arranged in an operating liquid container interior; comparing the determined internal pressure with a predetermined maximum internal pressure by means of an electronic control device; outputting an opening signal from the control device to a vent valve that is arranged in a vent line or between the operating liquid container interior and the vent line, wherein the vent line fluidically connects the operating liquid container interior to the atmosphere when the determined internal pressure is equal to the maximum internal pressure or above the maximum internal pressure; and transferring the vent valve into an open position.

Abstract: A fuel lid structure includes: a lid box constituting a fuel opening portion of a vehicle body; a lid hinge that is made of resin and is pivotable with respect to the lid box; a fuel lid body pivotably attached to the lid box via the lid hinge; and an alerting unit configured to alert a replenishment worker to a body or the like of the replenishment worker hitting the fuel lid body in an open state by at least one of imparting of a sense of resistance and emission of a sound.

Abstract: A rotary type extension/retraction device includes a body member, a movement member, a spring member, a protrusion and a cam groove. The cam groove has a first fitting groove configured to hold the movement member in a state protruding from a cylindrical part of the body member, a second fitting groove configured to hold the movement member in a state pulled in the cylindrical part, a first guide groove configured to guide the protrusion from the first fitting groove to the second fitting groove, and a second guide groove configured to guide the protrusion from the second fitting groove to the first fitting groove. The first fitting groove, the first guide groove, the second fitting groove and the second guide groove are arranged circumferentially along an inner periphery of the cylindrical part in this order.

Abstract: A cylindrical hydrogen tank is housed under a floor tunnel, which is disposed at the center in a vehicle width direction of a floor panel along a vehicle front-back direction so as to protrude upward along a height direction, and includes a casing having a load bearing property. A seat cross member is disposed on a side of the hydrogen tank along the vehicle width direction. A seat pipe is joined to the seat cross member and disposed so as to extend along the vehicle width direction. The seat pipe and the seat cross member are arranged within the height of the hydrogen tank in a vehicle height direction, and also respectively located above and below the most outwardly protruded lateral end point in the vehicle width direction of the hydrogen tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the shape-matching and/or force-fitting fastening of an element, preferably of a tank, to a vehicle frame having at least one upper fastening plate couplable to an upper region of the tank and having at least one lower fastening plate couplable to the tank thereunder, wherein the fastening plates are configured in particular to largely or exclusively conduct the weight force of the tank into a metal top boom plate and/or into a metal bottom boom plate of a longitudinal beam of the vehicle frame.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame, an engine, a rear ground engaging member, and a first rear trailing arm and a second rear trailing arm. Each of the trailing arms have at least one housing and wherein, within each housing is a drive belt, the drive belt drivingly coupled to the engine and a rear ground engaging member.

Abstract: A zero-turn (“ZT”) vehicle is provided with a mainframe and an engine supported on the mainframe to output rotational power. Transaxle systems are provided with each being connected to the engine and to a respective driving wheel such that each transaxle system is configured to translate the rotational power from the engine to the driving wheel. One or more speed control actuators are provided, each being operatively connected to a transaxle system and movable between a minimum position and a maximum position. The speed of a driving wheel is infinitely variable through movement of the speed control actuator. A speed-range control actuator is operatively connected to the transaxle systems and configured to designate one of selectable speed-ranges within which the speed control actuators are permitted to operate. The speed of each driving wheel is determined by a combination of the designated speed-range and a position of the speed control actuator.

Abstract: An on-board monitoring and event detection system for a machine includes a powertrain. A vibration sensor adjacent one of a rotating component of the powertrain is configured to generate raw vibration data. A sensor controller is configured to receive the raw vibration data and generate condition indicators. At least one of a speed sensor, a torque sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor, is operatively associated with the powertrain. A controller is distinct from the sensor controller and is configured to receive the condition indicators, and receive sensor signals from the at least one sensor and wherein the condition indicators and the sensor signals define operating characteristics of the powertrain. The controller is further configured to compare the operating characteristics of the powertrain to an event threshold and generate an event response if the operating characteristics exceed the event threshold for a time period exceeding a time threshold.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus may include a display configured to display a driving route of a vehicle; a touch panel provided on the display and configured to detect a touch input; and a controller configured to, when a first tap input to the touch panel is detected and then at least one second tap input within a predetermined time is detected while the first tap is maintained, recognize a tap-tap interaction on the basis of input directions of the first tap and the at least one second tap, enlarge a driving route screen of the vehicle, which is displayed on the display, in a predetermined direction on the basis of the recognized tap-tap interaction, and display a driving route of the vehicle which is not visible before the enlargement of the screen.