Abstract: A high precision high reliability and quick response thermosensitive chip and manufacturing method thereof is provided, including a thermosensitive ceramic semiconductor substrate; glass protective layers are alternately spray-coated and sintered on the two surfaces of the thermosensitive ceramic semiconductor substrate; and the two surfaces of the thermosensitive ceramic semiconductor substrate having the glass protective layers are printed with metal electrode layers. The thermosensitive chip achieves quick response, accurate control of resistance precision and has high precision; in addition, the glass protective layers thereof enable the thermosensitive chip to have high reliability.

Abstract: A force sensor or sensor assembly may include a sense die, a housing, and a force transmitting member. The sense die may include a force sensing region and at least one bond pad. The housing may include a sense die receiving cavity, at least one electrical terminal configured to engage a bond pad of the sense die, a retention member configured to prevent the sense die from sliding out of the housing, and a hole in the housing that exposes the force sensing region of the sense die to the force transmitting element. The housing may include one or more component parts. In some cases, the force sensor or sensor assembly may be configured on a microscale through micro-manufacturing techniques.

Abstract: The pressure-detecting system utilizes a nanocomposite sensor with quantum dots embedded in a matrix. Under pressure, both the quantum dots and the matrix fluoresce when illuminated by a laser. A spectroscope detects the intensity of each fluorescence and sends the information to a data processor. The data processor calculates a ratio using the intensities. Comparing this ratio to ratios stored in a data object in a database provides a value for the pressure detected by the sensor. The data object contains multiple ratios, each correlated to a specific pressure during a calibration process for the sensor. This calibration process subjected the sensor to known pressures, with the resultant ratios calculated and stored in the data object, correlated to the appropriate pressures.

Abstract: A torque sensor assembly for use in a vehicle power steering system has magnets, coaxial first, second, and third flux closure members around the magnets, and first and second magnetic sensors. Each of the plurality of magnets emits a magnetic field. The second flux closure member is between the first and third flux closure members. The first and third flux closure members collect the magnetic fields having a first polarity. The second flux closure member collects the magnetic fields having a second polarity that is opposite the first polarity. The first and second magnetic sensors are positioned to have like polarity. The first sensor is between the first and second flux closure members. The second sensor is between the second and third flux closure members. A torque signal is calculated by subtracting a second signal generated by the second sensor from a first signal generated by the first sensor.

Abstract: A method to determine an unknown, current pre-tension force in a pre-tensioned securing member having an exposed portion comprises coupling a pulling member to the exposed portion of the pre-tensioned securing member, generating pulling forces with the pulling member on the pre-tensioned securing member, measuring pulling force displacements of the pre-tensioned securing member in response to first and second applied pulling forces that are different from each other, measuring pulling force displacements of the pre-tensioned securing member in response to third and fourth pulling forces that are different from each other, determining a first relationship between the first and second pulling force displacements, determining a second relationship between the third and fourth pulling force displacements, and determining the current pre-tension in the pre-tensioned securing member by setting the first relationship and the second relationship equal to each other.

Abstract: A system for assessing a calibration of a shot-peening apparatus using a part in a shot-peening session, comprising an intensity calculator for receiving real-time pressure data from at least one sensor positioned adjacent the part in the shot-peening session, and for calculating the intensity from the pressure data. A shot-peening parameter comparator compares the calculated intensity with a shot-peening intensity threshold range for the at least one sensor. A calibration assessor confirms a calibration of the shot-peening apparatus when the calculated intensity is within the shot-peening intensity threshold range for the at least one sensor. A method for assessing a calibration of a shot-peening apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A transducer sensor body includes a first support structure and a second support structure. A tubular element has a center bore along a longitudinal axis. An elongated first flexure joins the tubular element to the first support structure parallel to the longitudinal axis. The first flexure is rigid to transfer a longitudinal force therethrough along the longitudinal axis and is rigid to transfer an axial force therethrough along an axial axis that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. An elongated second flexure joins the tubular element to the second support structure parallel to the longitudinal axis. The second flexure is rigid to transfer a longitudinal force therethrough along the longitudinal axis and is to transfer the axial force therethrough along the axial axis.

Abstract: A system for testing brake systems of motor vehicles at assembly lines of automobile manufacturers, wherein the brake pedal is operated using an automatically controlled device and wherein the pedal travel and pedal force are measured using associated instruments is disclosed. A travel-force curve is determined based on pedal travel and pedal force during pedal movement, which is analyzed using a physical brake system model. The brake system model isolates design influences of the individual components. Furthermore, the travel difference between different benchmarks of various vehicles is taken into consideration when calculating the pedal travel to compensate the variable influence of the running clearance on pedal travel.

Abstract: A pressure measuring device, comprising: a pressure measuring cell having a measuring membrane, at least one platform and a pressure chamber formed therebetween. An electrical transducer for transducing a deflection of the measuring membrane into a pressure dependent, primary signal; a cylindrical housing having a measuring cell chamber, in which the pressure measuring cell is arranged, and an end face pressure receipt opening in communication with the pressure duct; and an electronic circuit in the housing for operating the electrical transducer, and for processing the primary signal, and for outputting a measurement signal. The cylinder axis of the pressure measuring cell forms with the cylinder axis of the housing an angle, which amounts to not less than 80°, and which is especially preferably a right angle.

Abstract: A pressure difference sensor includes first and second counterelectrodes, a conductive disk between the counterelectrodes, a first insulating layer connecting an outer edge of the disk with an outer edge of the first counterelectrode forming a first pressure chamber, a second insulating layer connecting an outer edge of the disk with an outer edge of the second counterelectrode forming a second pressure chamber, an opening in the first counterelectrode, via which the first pressure chamber is contactable with a first pressure, and an opening in the second counterelectrode, via which the second pressure chamber is contactable with a second pressure. The disk is divided into inner and outer regions, the inner region includes a measuring membrane arranged between the two pressure chambers and an edge region, the inner region forms with each of the counterelectrodes a capacitor having a capacitance dependent on a pressure difference acting on the measuring membrane.

Abstract: A pressure measurement cell, comprising: a ceramic measurement membrane and a ceramic counterpart. The measurement membrane is joined to the counterpart in a pressure-tight manner forming a pressure chamber between the measurement membrane and the counterpart by means of an active brazing solder. The pressure measurement cell furthermore has a solder stop layer on a surface of the measurement membrane and/or the counterpart, wherein the solder stop layer has a metal oxide or a reduced form of the metal oxide. The metal oxide has at least one oxidation stage, which, assuming an activity coefficient of Rakt=1 at an inverse temperature of 8·10?4/K, has an oxygen coexistence decomposition pressure of not less than 1?23 MPa (10?23· bar) and not more than 1?12 MPa (10?12· bar) and which, assuming an activity coefficient of Rakt=1, at an inverse temperature of 9·10?4/K has an oxygen coexistence decomposition pressure of not less than 1?27 MPa (10?27 bar) and not more than 1?15 MPa (10?15 bar).

Abstract: A piezoelectric pressure sensor includes a membrane for capturing a force; a piezoelectric transducer having a front face onto which the force is applied from the membrane and generates electric polarization charges; and an electrode that receives generated electric polarization charges and transmits them via a charge transmission. The electrode includes a charge pick-off and at least one electrode strip. The charge pick-off is arranged parallel to the front face of the piezoelectric transducer. Material bonding in certain areas of the electrode strip connects the charge transmission to the electrode strip.

Abstract: Transducer assemblies may include a sensor and a housing including a pass-through portion comprising at least one aperture in a portion of the housing extending along a longitudinal axis of the housing and the sensor. Methods of forming transducer assemblies may include welding a first housing section of the transducer assembly to a second housing portion of the transducer assembly and forming at least one aperture in the first housing section extending along a longitudinal axis of the transducer assembly, along a chamber for holding a sensor, and through the weld.

Abstract: In aspects of the invention, a sensor unit is stored in a recessed sensor mount portion formed in a resin case. The sensor unit can be formed so that a semiconductor pressure sensor chip is joined to one side of a glass pedestal, and the other side of the glass pedestal is die-bonded to the bottom of the sensor mount portion through an adhesive. An electrode pad on the semiconductor pressure sensor chip is electrically connected through a bonding wire to a lead terminal for leading externally that pierces through the resin case and is integrally insert-molded therein. An entire surface of the sensor unit, an exposed part of the lead terminal internally-located in the resin case, the bonding wire, and an exposed part of an inner wall of the resin case can be coated with the protective film composed of a poly(p-xylylene)-family polymer including fluorine.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a transducer assembly having a first transducer element. The transducer assembly includes a first filter element adjacent to least of portion of the first transducer element such that a first cavity is defined between the first filter element and the first transducer element. The first filter element includes a plurality of machined passageways in communication with the first cavity. The transducer assembly also includes an inlet passage having a first end in communication with a first external portion of the transducer assembly and a second end in communication with the plurality of machined passageways.

Abstract: In some embodiments, at least one processor is employed to determine a boundary of a survey area. Data representative of the locations of measurement points adjacent to or outside of the survey area is received, as well as data representative of wind direction at the measurement points. The boundary of the survey area is determined according to the data representative of wind direction and a maximum detection distance value representative of an estimated maximum distance from a potential gas leak source at which a gas leak from the potential source can be detected. The boundary is determined such that if the potential gas leak source is located in the survey area and has a rate of leakage meeting a minimum leak rate condition, then an estimated probability of detection of the gas leak at one or more of the measurement points satisfies a probability condition.

Abstract: An environmental testing apparatus includes a chamber, a cooling unit including a cooling apparatus of a brine that cools the inside of the chamber, a heating unit and a control apparatus. The cooling apparatus includes: a high temperature side cooling circuit including a high temperature side compressor, condenser, high temperature side expansion valve and cascade condenser connected in this order to circulate a high temperature side heating medium; and a low temperature side cooling circuit including a low temperature side compressor, cascade condenser, low temperature side expansion valve and evaporator connected in this order to circulate a low temperature side heating medium. The low temperature side heating medium is cooled by the high temperature side heating medium in the cascade condenser, while the brine is cooled by the low temperature side heating medium in the evaporator. The control apparatus controls a temperature inside the chamber to between ?67.5° C. and 127.5° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for testing airtightness of a fuel cell stack. The device for testing airtightness of a fuel cell stack including a first reaction gas inflow portion and a first reaction gas outflow portion which a first reaction gas flows in or out, respectively, and a second reaction gas inflow portion and a second reaction gas outflow portion which a second reaction gas flows in and out, respectively, includes i) a detection gas supplier supplying a detection gas to the first reaction gas inflow portion, ii) an intake installed to be movable in a sequential stacking direction of fuel cells in the second reaction gas outflow portion, iii) a detection gas concentration detector intaking a detection gas through the intake and detecting a concentration of the detection gas, and iv) a controller determining an airtightness-defective cell based on a position of the intake by analyzing the detected concentration value of the detection gas detected by the detection gas concentration detector.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a tool for leakage testing a component, along with a related testing method. In some cases, the tool includes: a seal assembly for sealing an opening in the component, the seal assembly having: a front plate defining a pressure chamber around the opening in the component; a collar coupled with the front plate and surrounding sidewalls of the component; an insert extending between the front plate and the collar; an annular seal member between the collar and the insert; and a floating seal between the collar and the front plate, wherein the seal assembly is configured to flexibly seal the opening in the component; and a valve for controlling fluid flow into the pressure chamber during the leakage testing of the component.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for checking emitter bonds in an irrigation drip line and for manufacturing drip line in a manner that allows the bond between the in-line emitter and surrounding conduit to be checked. In one form, a downstream in-line vacuum tester is provided for monitoring the amount of air escaping from outlet openings in the drip line to detect excessive air associated with poorly bonded emitters.

Abstract: Systems and methods relate to monitoring liquid pressure to detect liquid leaks based on a global sequence alignment technique. A monitoring device in a liquid distribution obtains periodic samples at regular time intervals from a representative node of a liquid distribution system. Sequences of the samples are formed for a current time instance and for historical data comprising samples at the same node related to the same time instance, such as samples which are a day old and/or a week old. Global sequence alignment algorithms are implemented at a cloud computing service to determine if there are deviations from liquid pressure patterns at the node which are indicative of a liquid leak. Related notifications are provided wirelessly to user devices.

Abstract: Blowout preventers, fluid pressure systems and portions thereof may be tested for leaks by calculating an Apparent Compressibility Factor which is determined during initial pressurization of the system to the test pressure. The equivalent decay rate is calculated by measuring the amount of intensifying fluid required to be added to maintain the system at the test pressure level. The equivalent decay rate in psi per minute is then compared to the acceptable decay rate for the pressure level of the test to determine if the system passed the test.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for testing waterproofness of a half-finished product, wherein the apparatus is configured to form a chamber space such that areas of holes and parts of the half-finished product are separated from each other, and high-pressure air is injected into the chamber space, thereby performing a waterproofness test. In addition, a sliding block is provided such that a hole blocking means blocking the holes of the half-finished product is moved forward and backward through engagement and disengagement of a body and a cover without requiring a separate power, and the apparatus includes the body, the cover, a sealing means, and a hole blocking means including a sliding block moved in a lateral direction of the half-finished product, a blocking member blocking a side hole of the holes, and a pushing member pushing the sliding block to be moved forward when the body and the cover are combined.

Abstract: A system and method to substantiate safe-life criteria of a structure with an anomaly includes a flaw in a critical loaded region of a test structure; a processor; and memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to receive first signals indicative of strain energy release rates (SERR) for the flaw at the critical loaded region of a test structure; fit the first signals for the flaw SERR to a Benzeggah-Kenane (B-K) mixed mode curve shape; determine values indicative of B-K criteria of the test structure in response to the fitting of the first signals; receive second signals indicative of SERR for the production structure; and compare the second signals with the B-K criteria of the test structure to substantiate the safe-life criteria.

Abstract: A method for predicting distortion and residual stress in a workpiece resulting from a peening process may include the steps of providing a coupon including residual stress induced in a coupon surface by the peening process, calculating a moment coefficient representative of residual stress induced in the coupon surface, calibrating a stress function to the moment coefficient, applying the stress function to a workpiece model of the workpiece, and computing at least one of predicted distortion and residual stress of the workpiece resulting from application of the calibrated stress function to the workpiece model.

Abstract: Provided is a test apparatus including a fixing jig for vibration test of a battery pack. The fixing jig includes at least one upper block that is coupled to at least one coupler formed in the battery pack, a lower block placed below the at least one upper block, and a base plate having a board shaped and placed below the lower block.

Abstract: In illustrative implementations of this invention, a lensometer includes a small aperture camera for capturing an image of light that travels from a display surface, through a subject lens and to the camera. One or more computers are programmed to perform calculations that take the image as an input and that compute, for each respective region in a set of regions of the subject lens, a refractive attribute of the respective region.

Abstract: In a method for the automated monitoring of a machine with a rotating machine component, at successive measurement times parameter values (Pt) of operating parameters of the machine and in each case over a predefined measurement duration, vibrations of the machine are recorded. A vibration spectrum (Yt(f)) of the vibrations recorded during the measurement duration is determined for each measurement duration. A mean power density (?t(i)) of the vibration spectrum (Yt(f)) is in each case determined from the vibration spectrum (Yt(f)) for a multiplicity of frequency ranges. During a learning phase a model function ({circumflex over (?)}(1)(P) to {circumflex over (?)}(N)(P)) for an averaged power density is determined for each frequency range as a function of the operating parameters.

Abstract: A system and a method of monitoring a functional status of a vehicle's electrical powering system is able to make measurements on the vehicle's electrical powering system, to diagnose problems for the vehicle's electrical powering system, and send a warning notification to the vehicle's owner. A retrofit device is electrically coupled to the vehicle's electrical powering system so that the retrofit device is able to periodically make voltage readings. The retrofit device stores and analyzes those voltage readings so that the retrofit device is able to predict any malfunctions or failure that may occur for the vehicle's electrical power system. If retrofit device does predict a malfunction or failure in the vehicle's electrical powering system, then the retrofit device would output a warning notification either through the retrofit device itself or another external computing device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the engine torque delivered by a multi-cylinder engine, including the following steps: determining the angular velocity of the crankshaft and measuring the cylinder pressure over an angular window of combustion in a first cylinder fitted with a cylinder pressure sensor; calculating the value of the engine torque (TQIref) in this window; determining a current transfer function for the learning of the torque, so as to estimate the torque TQImdl(cyl)) in a second cylinder not fitted with a cylinder pressure sensor, from the product of: the engine torque calculated over the angular window of the first cylinder, a ratio between: the angular velocity of the crankshaft over an angular window of combustion of the second cylinder, and the angular velocity of the crankshaft over the window of combustion of the first cylinder.

Abstract: An in-situ roller compacted concrete testing sampler assembly is provided. The testing sampler assembly includes a first tube and a second tube. The second tube is configured to contain a roller compacted sample. The first tube and the second tube are configured to be placed in a loose roller compacted concrete lift for a construction site, and compacted simultaneously during the compaction of the loose roller compacted concrete lift. The second tube is configure to move with respect to the first tube to compact the roller compacted sample during compaction of the loose roller compacted concrete lift.

Abstract: An atmosphere sampling system includes: an unmanned rotary-wing aircraft platform including: an airframe capable of lifting a selected payload mass; at least one motorized rotor; and, a flight control system including an on-board controller; an atmosphere sampling unit having a total mass no greater than the selected payload mass, and including: a blower preferably having backward-facing blades, an inlet structure to draw in air to be sampled, and an outlet to discharge air after sampling; a plurality of sample containers; and, an indexing mechanism to move selected sample containers, one at a time, into contact with the inlet structure so that samples may be collected; and, a power supply with sufficient capacity to operate the motorized rotor(s), the onboard portion of the flight controller, the blower, and the indexing system.

Abstract: According to the sampling method of the aspect of the present invention, the coordinate (location information) of the sampling location on the sampling specimen is generated randomly by the controller, such as a personal computer, of the sampling location display. Based on the location information, the sampling location is displayed on the sampling specimen, which is a part of the recycled raw material, by laser light. Because of this, arbitrariness, in which the operator artificially selects the sampling location, during incremental sampling for setting the average quality of the sampling specimen, such as the average content of valuable metal, can be excluded reliably.

Abstract: An extraction method for preparing samples for analytical analysis is disclosed. The method includes the steps of placing a sample matrix containing one or more analytes in a heat conductive sample cup, positioning the heat conductive sample cup in a pressure-resistant reaction chamber, dispensing solvent into the heat conductive sample cup, dispersing the solvent and the sample matrix in the sample cup in the reaction chamber, heating the sample matrix and the extraction solvent in the heat conductive sample cup in the reaction chamber to a temperature at which the dispensed solvent generates an above-atmospheric pressure, and releasing the extraction solvent extract from the sample cup at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A biological fluids concentration device, including a tube-in-tube assembly, is disclosed. The tube-in-tube assembly receives biologic fluids and may then be placed in the bucket of a centrifuge and spun to separate out the components of the biological fluid by their various densities. For example, whole blood may be centrifuged in the tube-in-tube assembly for separating into plasma, red blood cell component, and a buffy coat. A piston slideably and sealingly engages an inner tube of the tube-in-tube assembly, the inner tube fitting within an outer tube. A lid is designed to engage the top of the outer tube, which lid has an opening therein for receipt of a plunger. The plunger is adapted to move up and down with respect to the lid and the tubes, so as to sealingly, in a down position, and unsealingly, in an open position, engage the top of the inner tube of the tube-in-tube assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus for attaching a sleeve comprising a coupling end to a steel wire. The apparatus comprises a pulling end arranged to connect to a sleeve to be attached to a steel wire, a pulling arrangement connected to the pulling end and being configured to pull a sleeve connected to the pulling end, a swaging arrangement comprising two opposed swaging rolls adapted to crimp the sleeve to a close press fit around a loose end of a steel wire. The apparatus further comprises a testing arrangement for testing the strain capacity of the attachment of a sleeve to a steel wire, the testing arrangement including a holding unit configured to effectively hold a portion of the steel wire fixed and allowing the pulling arrangement to pull the sleeve attached to a wire held fixed in the holding unit in order to verify the attachment.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring shear force and a dummy for testing a vehicle using the same are provided herein. A sensor for measuring shear force which is configured to quantitatively accurately measure shear force applied to a human body who sits on a vehicle seat, and a dummy for measuring shear force using the sensor are provided, wherein the sensor for measuring shear force includes an upper block, an intermediate block and a lower block and is configured such that a first strain gauge is mounted upright between the upper block and the intermediate block and a second strain gauge is mounted upright between the intermediate block and the lower block so that the shear force can be accurately measured without being affected by horizontal tensile force.

Abstract: Provided is a method of measuring a change in the density of an underground material. To measure the change in the density of the underground material, a borehole is installed above a target underground material and a first gravimeter and a second gravimeter are installed outside and inside of the borehole, respectively. Sequentially, a change in the density of the target underground material is calculated based on a first gravitational change and a second gravitational change measured using the first gravimeter and the second gravimeter. According to the method, it is possible to precisely measure the change in the density of the target underground material, such as an oil, a gas, etc., stored in an underground reservoir and carbon dioxide injected into an underground storage.

Abstract: A monitor includes a base, a cylindrical housing, rotatably connected to the base, and including an air-intake slot, and a collection media, a motor configured to rotate the cylindrical housing relative to the base, a power source, connected to the motor, and a processor connected to the motor and power source. The processor is configured to process information and, based on the processing, direct the motor to rotate the cylindrical housing so that airborne particles in ambient air pass through the air-intake slot and to the collection media.

Abstract: A particulate amount determination section of a particulate measurement system corrects a measurement signal or the amount of particulates determined from the measurement signal based on one or a plurality of three operating condition parameters selected from speed of the vehicle, rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and torque of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A microfluidic magnetic selector comprises a microfluidic channel comprising at least one bifurcation, forming a selection portion of the selector and splitting the microfluidic channel into a main channel and at least one selection channel; at least one magnetic flux concentrator for concentrating a magnetic flux at the level of the bifurcation, and means for generating a magnetic field within the magnetic flux concentrator, and a controller for controlling magnetic pulses through the magnetic flux concentrator.

Abstract: A debris collection and metrology system for collecting and analyzing debris from a tip used in nanomachining processes, the system including an irradiation source, an irradiation detector, an actuator, and a controller. The irradiation source is operable to direct incident irradiation onto the tip, and the irradiation detector is operable to receive a sample irradiation from the tip, the sample irradiation being generated as a result of the direct incident irradiation being applied onto the tip. The controller is operatively coupled to an actuator system and the irradiation detector, and the controller is operable to receive a first signal based on a first response of the irradiation detector to the sample irradiation, and the controller is operable to effect relative motion between the tip and at least one of the irradiation source and the irradiation detector based on the first signal.

Abstract: The disclosed flow cytometer includes a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). The WDM includes an extended light source providing light that forms an object, a collimating optical element that captures light from the extended light source and projects a magnified image of the object as a first light beam, and a first focusing optical element configured to focus the first light beam to a size smaller than the object of the extended light source to a first semiconductor detector. The disclosed flow cytometer further includes a composite microscope objective to direct light emitted by a particle in a flow channel in a viewing zone of the composite microscope to the extended light source, a fluidic system and a peristaltic pump configured to supply liquid sheath and liquid sample to the flow channel, and a laser diode system to illuminate the particle in the flow channel.

Abstract: There is provided a cell imaging apparatus and method capable of generating a high-quality composite image as an image to be evaluated. The cell imaging apparatus includes: an imaging unit 10 that images a cell group including a plurality of periodically moving cells while changing an imaging range; a phase information acquisition unit 21 that acquires information based on the timing of the same phase in each period of the periodic movement; and a composite image generation unit 22 that generates a composite image by arranging images of the respective imaging ranges. The imaging unit 10 captures images with the same phase for the respective imaging ranges on the basis of the information based on the timing of the same phase, and the composite image generation unit 22 generates the composite image by arranging the images with the same phase.

Abstract: A cell analyzer and a particle sorting method and device are disclosed. The method comprises: acquiring a pulse width of at least one optical signal according to a detected optical signal, selecting at least one optical signal as a combined optical signal, and respectively calculating a signal intensity of the combined optical signal with the pulse width in a combinatorial way to obtain at least one reinforcement signal, where a difference between a first category of particles and a second categories of particles in the reinforcement signal is increased relative to a difference therebetween in the combined optical signal; and on the basis of the reinforcement signal and at least another signal, forming a new scatter diagram, where the at least another signal is one of other reinforcement signals and the optical signal, distinguishing the first category of particles from the second category of particles according to the new scatter diagram.

Abstract: A counting device counts the number of counting objects in liquid in a flexible container. The counting device includes a mounting table on which the container is mounted and a pressing table arranged opposite to a container-arranged side of the mounting table. The mounting table and the pressing table move relatively in a direction of sandwiching the container, and a light-passing hole facing a surface of the container is provided in at least one of the mounting table and the pressing table. The pressing table includes one or more thickness-setting members that sandwich the container between the pressing table and the mounting table in a periphery of the light-passing hole and on the side opposite to the container in a protruding manner.

Abstract: A corrosion detection system and a method for operating a corrosion detection system are provided. The system, may include, but is not limited to, a PCB, a corrosion sensor, a first, second, third and fourth standoff coupled between the PCB and a chassis, a constant current circuit coupled to the first standoff, a first trace coupled between the third standoff and a first input of the corrosion sensor, and a second trace coupled between the fourth standoff and a second input of the corrosion sensor, wherein the corrosion sensor is configured to output a signal proportional to the resistance of the chassis based upon a voltage induced at the first input and the second input, and a processor configured to receive the signal proportional to the resistance of the chassis and determine a corrosion level of the chassis by comparing the signal to reference data stored in memory.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a pipeline, comprising positioning a probe device in the pipeline, passing the probe device along the pipeline, collecting at least one fluid sample at each of a plurality of locations along a length of the pipeline, passing each fluid sample into the probe device, and measuring at least one corrosion-related parameter of a fluid at a plurality of locations along the pipeline, wherein the at least one corrosion-related parameter is selected from a group consisting of: pH, temperature, pressure, viscosity, conductivity, salinity, deposits, and corrosivity.

Abstract: A method for determining a corrosion rate includes receiving an input signal including corrosion data from a sensor. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a type of noise is determined from the input signal. A corrosion rate computation method is selected based on the SNR and the type of noise. The corrosion rate is determined, using a processor, based on a selected corrosion rate computation method.

Abstract: Methods for determining a sample concentration of target entities in a sample, for example, determining a concentration of target antigens or antibodies in a blood sample or other biological sample.