Abstract: An irradiation system is provided. The irradiation system includes a plurality of LED arrays, each of the LED arrays including a plurality of LED light producing elements. The irradiation system also includes a target area, the target area being adapted to receive light energy from each of the plurality of LED arrays. The plurality of LED arrays are positioned with respect to one another such that they surround the target area of the irradiation system.

Abstract: A scanning laser having a wavelength compatible with a coating binder so as to cure it as the laser scans and irradiates the coating on a moving web. A system and method for curing flakes by providing a scanning laser which scans across a moving coated substrate in a magnetic field allows images to be formed as magnetically aligned flakes are cured into a fixed position. The images have regions of cured aligned flakes. The scanning laser cures the magnetically aligned flakes within it region it irradiates. Alternatively an array of lasers can be used wherein individual lasers can be switched on and off to fix irradiated coating as a moving web is moved at a high speed.

Abstract: A composition useful for producing a superomniphobic coating on a substrate, the composition comprising a colloidal suspension of a fluorinated siloxane in a non-silicon-containing fluorinated solvent. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises particles of a hydrophobized metal oxide, e.g., silicon oxide, wherein the hydrophobized metal oxide may be fluorinated. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a non-silicon-containing fluorinated polymer. The invention is also directed to methods for making the above composition. The invention is also directed to methods for using the above-described composition for rendering a substrate superomniphobic.

Abstract: A piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) is disclosed. The device consists of a flexible membrane that is connected to a rigid substrate via flexures. The flexures are defined by slots etched through the perimeter of the membrane. These features release the stress present on the structural layers of the membrane, making it less sensitive to residual stress. The flexures are designed to act as torsion springs so that the membrane's vibration mode shape is highly curved in the piezoelectric actuation area, thereby increasing the electromechanical coupling.

Abstract: The invention proposes a grain-cleaning machine (10) comprising an envelope (12) with an inlet opening (13), an arrangement of sieves inside the envelope (12) and a vibration system designed to cause the sieve arrangement to oscillate. The sieve arrangement comprises at least two main sieve levels (14a, 14b, 14c) arranged the one above the other, with an inclination relative to the horizontal from a high side (L1) to a low side (L2), each main sieve level (14a, 14b, 14c) comprising respective fine sieves (141) followed by respective grain sieves (142), and under each fine sieve (141) respective fine-carrying channels (143) are arranged in communication with at least one outlet (18) for residues smaller than the grains, whereas under each grain sieve (142) respective grain-carrying channels (144) are arranged in communication with at least one grain outlet (19).

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a system may include at least one optical sensor configured to capture optical data associated with a waste product and a processor coupled to the at least one optical sensor. The processor may be configured to determine information about the waste product based on the optical data and to selectively direct the waste product to a selected destination in response to determining the information.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel XRF analyzer capable of simultaneously identifying the presence of a marking composition in a plurality of objects by modulating/varying the intensity of the excitation beam on the different objects and measuring the secondary radiation thereof.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes an end cap assembly for use with an agitator. The end cap assembly includes a stationary end cap, a rotating end cap, and a fragmentor. The stationary end cap is secured to and stationary with respect to a housing of the cleaning apparatus. The rotating end cap is coupled to the agitator and rotates with the agitator relative to the housing. The stationary and rotating end caps define a gap extending radially inward therebetween. The fragmentor is disposed within the gap and is configured to break debris which enters the gap into smaller pieces. The fragmentor may be disposed on a surface of the stationary end cap facing towards the rotating end cap and/or on a surface of the rotating end cap facing towards the stationary end cap. The fragmentor may include a cutting blade and/or an abrasive surface.

Abstract: The invention discloses a wheel cleaning and blowing device, which is composed of four systems: a wheel positioning system, which completes initial positioning of a wheel on a roller bed and finds the position of a valve hole; a wheel advancing and dry-wet conversion system, in which the wheel advances while rotating, thus completing double-station dry-wet conversion of the wheel; a high-pressure water cleaning system, which is matched with the advancing rotating wheel to clean the wheel; and a compressed air blowing system, which is matched with the advancing rotating wheel to blow the wheel uniformly. The invention simultaneously discloses a wheel cleaning and blowing method. By adopting the device and the method, the wheel moves forward all the time during cleaning and blowing, the cycle is short, the efficiency is high, cleaning and blowing are integrated, and dry-wet separation is realized.

Abstract: An endoscope system for cleaning includes a hand-held endoscope and a console including an air pump and an air inlet pathway, a liquid storage bottle, a liquid inlet pathway, a three-way connecting member and an air-liquid pathway. The three-way connecting member is respectively connected to the air inlet pathway, the liquid inlet pathway and the air-liquid pathway. One end of the air inlet pathway remote from the three-way connecting member is connected to the air pump; one end of the liquid inlet pathway remote from the three-way connecting member is connected to the liquid storage bottle, and the liquid inlet pathway is provided with a liquid inlet pump. The hand-held endoscope is provided with a camera and a cleaning nozzle, and the hand-held endoscope and the air-liquid pathway is communicated with each other through a liquid guiding hose, and the cleaning nozzle is communicated with the liquid guiding hose.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes at least: a main body including a vapor cleaning chamber configured to perform vapor-cleaning on a workpiece and a dipping cleaning chamber configured to perform dip-cleaning on the workpiece; and a condenser provided on the vapor cleaning chamber to be capable of switching between a communication state and a non-communication state with the vapor cleaning chamber via a vapor inlet port, and configured to condense vapor taken in from the vapor inlet port, in which the condenser includes: a condenser casing in which the vapor inlet port is formed; a cooling pipe through which a coolant flows; and a holding member that holds the cooling pipe to detachably house the cooling pipe in the condenser casing.

Abstract: A method includes issuing a state change fluid into an internal passage of an additively manufactured article and causing the state change fluid to change from a first state having a first viscosity to a second state that is either solid or has a second viscosity that is higher than the first viscosity within the internal passage. The method can also include causing the state change fluid to change back from the second state to the first state and flushing the state change fluid from the internal passage to remove residual powder from the additively manufactured article.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of cleaning the condenser coil subassembly of an air conditioning apparatus and a bag apparatus for achieving that result. The invention envisions placing a flexible bag construction over and generally around such subassembly, but not over or around the subassembly containing the other components of the air conditioner. This bag has an adjustable mouth portion that will fit over the condenser coil subassembly and also has respective hole means to allow the entry of compressed air and exit of vacuum air, respectively, to and from the enclosed area surrounding the condenser coil subassembly. When the bag is appropriately in place over the subassembly to be cleaned, compressed air is supplied to the enclosed area to loosen and remove debris from the coils while vacuum air is also supplied to remove the debris from the enclosed area to thereby resulting in a cleaning of the condenser coil subassembly without contaminating the area outside the bag.

Abstract: A suction nozzle assembly, comprising a tube coupled to a pressure sink at a distal side thereof, a nozzle, a resilient element which couples said nozzle to a proximal side of said tube and a deformable housing which bridges a gap between said proximal side of said tube and said nozzle. Optionally, a pressure equalizer, for example, a through aperture, is formed in said nozzle.

Abstract: Inventive cleaning sheets contact the rollers of paper shredder autofeed mechanisms with cleaning material that is either moistened with a solvent or treated with a low tack adhesive—either of which remove dirt and contaminants from the rollers. In one embodiment the moistened cleaning material is attached to a rigid sheet sized to fit into the paper compartment of the shredder where the cleaning material is brought into contact with the feed roller. The shredder is operated which causes dirt to be transferred from the rollers to the cleaning material. Alternatively, the cleaning material can be attached to a flexible but impermeable sheet which is placed into the shredder. The shredder is operated and after the rollers are cleaned, they may grab the entire flexible sheet and shred it, thereby additionally cleaning the shredding mechanism.

Abstract: A drain cleaner includes a shroud with a closed end and an open end opposite the closed end, a drum assembly positioned within the shroud and rotatable relative to the shroud, a flexible cable stored within the drum assembly, and a handle assembly coupled to and extending rearwardly from the shroud. The handle assembly includes a motor, a grip, and an actuator to selectively energize the motor. The actuator is enclosed between the grip and the shroud.

Abstract: A subsurface soil purification method includes a first process of injecting a cleaning liquid, that separates a contaminant in subsurface soil from the subsurface soil and that has been warmed to a higher temperature than a groundwater temperature, into an injection well provided in the ground, and a second process of pumping up groundwater containing the cleaning liquid, in which the contaminant separated from the subsurface soil has been dissolved, from a pumping well that is provided in the ground so as to be spaced apart from the injection well.

Abstract: A method of forming a car battery tray, the method includes continuously roll-forming a first sheet of metal into a bottom tray, the bottom tray having a first compartment with side walls and to receive a first battery, and the bottom tray having an opening formed into one of the side walls; and continuously roll-forming a second sheet of metal into a top tray, the top tray having a protrusion to engage with the opening of the bottom tray; the bottom tray and top tray connect to secure the first battery in place; the bottom tray and top tray form the car battery tray.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a hollow 26 of a ferritic FeCrAI alloy into a tube 2. While tubes made of powder metallurgical, dispersion hardened, ferritic FeCrAI alloys are commercially available, hollows made of FeCrAI alloys so far can hardly be formed into tubes of small dimensions. The major reason for the problems in forming hollows of a ferritic FeCrAI alloy into a finished product is that FeCrAI alloys are brittle. It is therefore an aspect of the present invention to provide a tube 2 made of a ferritic FeCrAI alloy having arbitrary small dimensions. Furthermore, it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a machine 1 and a method for forming a tubular hollow 26 into a finished tube 2 of a ferritic FeCrAI alloy. At least one of the above aspects is addressed by a method for forming a hollow into a tube 2 comprising the steps providing the hollow 26 of a ferritic FeCrAI alloy, heating the hollow 26 to a temperature in a range from 90° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing strip wound tube products are disclosed. According to the method, a winding machine winds a strip to produce a strip wound tube and a finishing machine cuts off pieces of desired length from the strip wound tube and connects strip layers in the end sections of the strip wound tube product by way of a joining operation. The finishing machine has a mobile operating head and/or a force decoupling unit.

Abstract: A device for applying coiling-tension to a slit band sheet includes: an upper structure that is disposed on the upper side of a band sheet which has been passed through a slitter line and slitted; and a lower structure that is disposed on the lower side of the band sheet and faces the upper structure vertically. In addition, an upper belt is stretched on an outer peripheral surface of the upper structure. A lower belt is stretched on an outer peripheral surface of the lower structure. The upper structure has a first reversing portion, an upper pressing portion, and a second reversing portion. The first reversing portion and the upper pressing portion are integrated with each other. A tension adjusting mechanism is installed on side surfaces of the first reversing portion and the upper pressing portion and a side surface of the second reversing portion.

Abstract: Centering systems for centering blanks outputted from a furnace in a hot stamping line are provided, the centering system comprising a centering table and a heating system for heating one or more selected zones of the blank while arranged on the centering table. Also provided are methods for manufacturing steel components having hard zones and soft zones, wherein the soft zones are of less mechanical strength than the hard zones. The methods comprise heating a steel blank in a furnace, centering the heated blank on a centering table arranged downstream from the furnace, heating one or more selected zones of the heated blank while the blank is on the centering table, wherein the selected zones are the zones of the blank which are destined to form the hard zones; transferring the blank to a press tool to hot forming the blank, and quenching the selected zones of the blank destined to form the hard zones.

Abstract: In a method for joining members of the present invention, a B-pillar, a rocker, a side panel served as frame members of a vehicle body, and an elastic body are provided. The B-pillar includes a tubular portion and an extension portion extended from the tubular portion. The rocker includes a first hole portion. The side panel includes a support portion. Next, the tubular portion of the B-pillar is inserted into the first hole portion of the rocker. The elastic body is inserted into the tubular portion of the rocker. The elastic body is pressurized in an axial line L1 direction of the tubular portion of the B-pillar to be expanded outward in a radial direction of the axial line L1, so that the tubular portion of the B-pillar is expanded and deformed to be joined to the first hole portion of the rocker by press-fitting. Further, the extension portion of the B-pillar and the support portion of the side panel are joined by a method different from joining by press-fitting.

Abstract: A method for producing a formed, flanged component is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: preforming a workpiece a preformed component; and calibrating the preformed component to a substantially completely formed component. The method strengthens the reinforcement in the component and widens the spectrum of application to components in particular, to tub-shaped components. The calibrating of the preformed component to the completely formed component includes stretching the preformed component at least in portions. The present disclosure relates further to a device for producing a formed, flanged component.

Abstract: The present application discloses wheel engraving equipment, which includes a lower lifting system, lower flange engraving systems, inner rim engraving systems, a wheel positioning and clamping system, an upper lifting and rotating system, a synchronous clamping and rotating system and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a universal joint using a pipe. The shaft joint of the universal joint is manufactured by: a material preparation step of preparing a material by cutting a pipe to a predetermined length; a shaft formation step of forming a shaft by reducing the outer diameter of a shaft formation portion by forming the outside of the shaft formation portion with a forming machine; a cutting step of bisecting the non-reduced head formation portion by forming a split across the non-reduced head formation portion in an axial direction; a yoke formation step of forming both opposite members of a yoke in a head by pressing the bisected head formation portion; a pinhole formation step of forming a pinhole across the yoke; and a spline shaft formation step of forming a spline shaft on the outer surface of the reduced hollow shaft.

Abstract: A servomotor control device in a processing machine that processes an object to be processed on a press supporting unit driven by a servomotor includes: a pressure detection unit configured to detect an actual pressure applied on the object to be processed; a pressure command generation unit configured to generate a pressure command that commands a pressure that the object to be processed preferably receives; a pressure control unit configured to generate a speed command for the servomotor on the basis of the pressure command generated by the pressure command generation unit and the actual pressure detected by the pressure detection unit; and a speed command limiting unit configured to limit the speed command generated by the pressure control unit using a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an article that includes: providing a first workpiece component formed of a first steel material; joining a second workpiece component to the first workpiece component to form a workpiece, the second workpiece component being formed of a second steel material that is different from the first steel material; and forming a plurality of teeth on the workpiece, the teeth being wholly formed of the first steel material.

Abstract: A return sand cooling system, including: a sand moisture and temperature measuring instrument measuring the moisture content and temperature of the return sand; a control device determines an appropriate water addition amount, which is an amount of water to be added to the return sand; a water-sprinkling cooling device adds water of the appropriate water addition amount to the return sand and cools the return sand by the latent heat of vaporization of water to obtain the cooled return sand; an air introducing device that introduces air into the water-sprinkling cooling device; and an introduced air temperature and humidity measuring instrument measures the temperature and humidity of introduced air to be introduced into the water-sprinkling cooling device; the control device determining the appropriate water addition amount on the basis of the moisture content and temperature of the return sand, and the temperature and humidity of the introduced air.

Abstract: A process of recovering clean sand and active clay from sand or dust from a foundry is disclosed.

Abstract: A deburring method for a casting sand core 40 for removing burrs from a deburring target part 41 in the casting sand core 40 including the deburring target part 41, the deburring target part 41 being at least one of an opening and a cut-out part. The deburring method includes: inserting a bag 13 into the deburring target part 41 of the casting sand core 40; and inflating the bag 13 inserted into the deburring target part 41, and thereby pressing and breaking off burrs 42 formed on a peripheral surface of the deburring target part 41 by the inflated bag 13.

Abstract: Methods for improved molds for the casting of metals and to prevent the complexity of the production from increasing are disclosed. “Improved” may be defined such that a mold consisting of the molding material has a surface of uniform hardness, even in the event of a change or variation in the quality of at least one of a plurality of properties of the molding material.

Abstract: An air set molding apparatus configured to form a sand mold, the apparatus includes a pattern mounting plate including an ejection pin aperture, a molding flask on the pattern mounting plate, the molding flask having a closed lower end and an open upper end. The molding flask including an ejection pin aperture in the closed lower end, an ejection pin movable relative to the pattern mounting plate and the molding flask, the ejection pin movable through the ejection pin aperture of the pattern mounting plate and the ejection pin aperture of the molding flask between a lowered position and a raised position. As the ejection pin moves from the lowered position to the raised position, the ejection pin lifts the sand mold through the open upper end of the molding flask.

Abstract: A determination apparatus of a casting state in continuous casting where there are a solidified shell, a mold flux layer, and a mold being respective thermal conductors between a molten steel and cooling water for the mold, the determination apparatus comprising an estimation unit, a calculation unit, and a determination unit. A computer program for causing a computer to determine a casting state in continuous casting where there are a solidified shell, a mold flux layer, and a mold being respective thermal conductors between a molten steel and cooling water for the mold.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new process for the injection of metallic materials into polymer-based moulds, the mould itself required for a process of this nature, and the apparatus which will execute the process and will employ the mould, in such a way that moulds with greater or lesser properties of flexibility are subjected to a pressurised injection of metal thereon, it being possible to adjust and coordinate the parameters of pressure, flowrate, closure of the mould, and the conditions of the material, thanks to a new polymer-based mould which adapts its configuration to the rest of the system and to the pressurised injection of the material.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a method for removing filling material from a cavity in a manufactured component with a connection from the cavity opening to surroundings of the component, the method comprising: holding the component in a movable mounting; moving the component and at the same time removing the filling material through the connection opening; and executing a computer program with a processor, wherein the computer program instructs the processor to: analyze geometry data of the component including the connection opening; and calculate a necessary positioning of the component, based on the geometry data and gravitational force; and direct the movable mounting through a sequence of movements for moving the component in space to spill the filling material from the cavity through the connection opening out of the component.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing metal powder feedstocks for additive manufacturing are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes first gathering a first feedstock from a first powder supply of an additive manufacturing system, second gathering a second feedstock from a second powder supply of the additive manufacturing system, wherein at least one of the first feedstock and the second feedstock includes metal particles therein, combining the first and second feedstocks, thereby producing a metal powder blend, and providing the metal powder blend to a build space of the additive manufacturing system.

Abstract: A system and corresponding method for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional (3D) object to improve packing density of a powder bed used in the manufacturing process. The system and corresponding method enable higher density packing of the powder. Such higher density packing leads to better mechanical interlocking of particles, leading to lower sintering temperatures and reduced deformation of the 3D object during sintering. An embodiment of the system comprises means for adjusting a volume of a powder metered onto a top surface of the powder bed to produce an adjusted metered volume and means for spreading the adjusted metered volume to produce a smooth volume for forming a smooth layer of the powder with controlled packing density across the top surface of the powder bed. The controlled packing density enables uniform shrinkage, without warping, of the 3D object during sintering to produce higher quality 3D printed objects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal powder material containing: metal particles having a particle diameter d10 of 10 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less; and nanoparticles containing a metal or a metal compound, in which the particle diameter d10 is a particle diameter at which an under-sieve cumulative fraction in a mass base distribution of particle diameter reaches 10%, and the nanoparticles are adhered to or mixed with the metal particles.

Abstract: A green body for a 3D ceramic and/or metallic body is produced by providing a metal or a mixture of metals and/or a metalloid and/or a non-metal or mixtures thereof in form of at least one aqueous solutions, such as a metal nitrate solution; if more than one aqueous solutions are provided, they differ in composition and/or isotope concentration. One aqueous metal solution is mixed with a gelation fluid at a first temperature to suppress an internal gelation of the feed solution mixture prior to its ejection. The feed solution mixture is ejected by inkjet printing to the green body under construction. The ejected feed solution is heated mixture on the green body to a second temperature to fix it on the green body under construction. Several process steps are repeated according to a 3D production control model until a desired form of the green body is attained.

Abstract: A preparation method of high purity and densified tungsten-titanium metal which mixes titanium metal powder and tungsten metal powder together; adds metallic nitrates (such as nickel nitrate) as combustion improvers; then taking into the account of the characteristics of metal nitrate, which is soluble in alcohols to form a liquidous precursor, adds metal powder to mix together thoroughly, so that the sintering agent is expected to be colloid and uniformly spread among the tungsten-titanium metal powder. The preparation method significantly reduces the ratio of the combustion improver during the preparation of the high purity and densified tungsten-titanium target material.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacturing includes supplying additive manufacturing powder to a build area of an additive manufacturing machine. The method includes fusing a portion of the powder to form a part, and removing a non-fused portion of the powder from the build area into a removable vessel for storing non-fused powder after building a part. The method can include supplying additive manufacturing powder to a build area, fusing a portion of the powder, and removing a non-fused portion of the powder all on a single discrete lot of additive manufacturing powder without mixing lots.

Abstract: Provided is a seal (19) for sealing against powder between a cylinder (14) of a build tank (5) and a build table (9) arranged in the cylinder of an additive manufacturing apparatus (1) for forming a three-dimensional article layer by layer from a powder. The seal (19) has an endless ring portion (21) for extending along a circumference of an inner surface (20) of the cylinder (14) and abutting against the inner surface (20).

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, a method of simultaneous 3D printing and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) using Computer Tomography (CT) using Linear Diode Array (LDA) is presented. An apparatus of simultaneous 3D printing and NDT using CT with LDA comprises a 3D printer, an X-ray source, X-ray LDA detector, data acquisition system, CT reconstruction software, CT visualization software, motion control system and a computer. Either platform of 3D build or X-ray source/detector can be on a rotation and translational stage. The apparatus with the method can automatically find defects, stop current 3D printer build, replace older part and start a new object build process based on real time CT data analysis.

Abstract: Laser 3D printer having a compartment, which has a longitudinal axis substantially vertical with respect to a supporting plane, and is delimited by a side wall extending around the longitudinal axis; and a platform, which is engaged in a sliding manner in the compartment; a feeding assembly to feed a powder material onto the platform; and a laser printing head to sinter the powder material disposed on the platform itself; the printer having a chamber configured to collect, in use, the non-sintered powder material falling from the platform; wherein the printer has a pneumatic recirculation system configured to pneumatically transport the powdered material from the chamber to the feeding assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to new metal powders for use in additive manufacturing, and aluminum alloy products made from such metal powders via additive manufacturing. The composition(s) and/or physical properties of the metal powders may be tailored. In turn, additive manufacturing may be used to produce a tailored aluminum alloy product.

Abstract: In an aspect, multiple metallic base materials are mixed into a user-controlled multimetallic mixture and extruded into a net shape, which is thermally processed into a multimetallic and/or alloyed object. In another aspect, a superstructure is fabricated around an object, but physically isolated from the object, with a shape facilitating robotic handling of the superstructure, along with removal of powder from the object, after a three-dimensional printing process. In another aspect, a ceramic precursor is used to create a separable interface between a support structure and a sinterable object. More specifically, a sinterable structure is fabricated from a sinterable powder in an aqueous binder, and an interface layer is formed by depositing a ceramic precursor in a nonaqueous solution onto the sinterable structure. When the ceramic precursor is exposed to water in the aqueous binder, the ceramic can precipitate to form an unsinterable, ceramic interface layer between sinterable structures.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a powder and a method for generating a component by a powder-bed-based additive manufacturing method, such as laser melting. The powder includes particles having a core and a shell. The particles have an alloy composition of the component. The concentration of higher-melting alloy elements is greater in the shell and the concentration of lower-melting alloy elements is greater in the core, wherein the surface of the particles is higher in comparison with particles with a constant alloy composition. This advantageously prevents the particles from caking together in the powder bed during the production of the component, and so the powder bed may also be subjected to high preheating temperatures of up to 1000° C.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacture of a component from multiple materials, and a consolidated component formed thereby. The method includes the steps of forming a component body comprising a first material, the component body defining a cavity, filling at least a portion of the cavity with a second material, and performing hot isostatic pressing of the component body and second material to form a consolidated component. The process offers a reduced-complexity, reduced-part-count method of manufacture for components formed of multiple materials.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing metal product having irregular shapes includes steps of providing powder and binding agent, and mixing the powder and binding agent as a mixed feed. The mixed feed is heated to a plastic state, and injected into a mold cavity to form a plurality of blanks. The blanks are degreased to remove the binding agent and are sintered to form workpieces. A substrate or substrates and the workpieces form different parts of the metal product having irregular shapes. The workpieces are disposed on substrate to form a preform and the preform is bonded to form the metal products of irregular shape.