Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprises a first compressor, a second compressor, a starter generator and a clutch. The starter generator is coupled to the first compressor. The clutch selectively couples the second compressor and the first compressor. The clutch is disposed between a first shaft and a second shaft to engage the first shaft with the second shaft at rest. A flyweight system is engaged with the clutch mechanism to permit freewheeling of the first shaft relative to the second shaft when subject to rotational motion beyond a threshold speed. A method for starting a gas turbine engine comprises engaging a low pressure compressor with a high pressure compressor utilizing a clutch, rotating the low pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor utilizing a starter generator coupled to the low pressure compressor, igniting the gas turbine engine, and disengaging the clutch at an operational speed of the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A system for modulating air flow in a gas turbine engine is provided. The system may include a seal wall comprising an opening, a seal door configured to slideably engage the seal wall, and an actuator configured to move the seal door over the opening. In various embodiments, the system may include a surface forward of the seal door. The seal door may be configured to seal a passage through the surface and the opening of the seal wall. A track may be disposed under the seal door. The track may comprise cobalt. Rollers may be coupled to the seal door with the rollers on the track. The seal door may comprise a nickel-chromium alloy. A sync ring may be coupled to the seal door. The actuator may be coupled through the sync ring to the seal door.

Abstract: The occurrence of corrosion on the inner surfaces of pipes is to be minimized in a cooling air system of a gas turbine. Specifically, this gas turbine power generation equipment has: a gas turbine including a turbine connected to a generator, a combustor that supplies combustion gas to the turbine, and a compressor that supplies compressed air to the combustor; a cooling air system that supplies compressed air bled from the compressor to the turbine, the cooling air system being connected at a first end side to an intermediate stage or an outlet of the compressor and connected at a second end side to the turbine; and a drying air system that supplies drying air into the cooling air system when the gas turbine is stopped, the drying air system being connected to the cooling air system.

Abstract: An equipment support including at least one attachment including an output shaft, an input gear wheel, the input gear wheel being both rotated by the motor shaft at a main speed and also connected to the output shaft of the attachment in order to rotate it at a determined output speed, an input shaft, rotated by the input gear wheel at a determined input speed, and a reducer with magnetic gears, arranged between the input shaft and the output shaft, such that the input speed is different from the output speed.

Abstract: A method includes determining a commanded load rate of change of an industrial system, wherein the commanded load rate of change comprises a rate of load placed on an industrial machine of the industrial system. The method also includes determining a measured load rate of change of the industrial system based at least in part on an output power of the industrial system. The method further includes determining a variable multiplier based at least in part on the commanded load rate of change and the measured load rate of change. The method also includes applying the variable multiplier to a load rate command to the industrial system to generate a multiplied load rate command. The method further includes sending a signal to the industrial system to control the rate of the load placed on the industrial machine based at least in part on the multiplied load rate command.

Abstract: An air intake device includes: a valve body which includes a rotating shaft; a bearing member which rotatably supports the rotating shaft of the valve body; and an air intake port which includes a concave portion on which the bearing member is disposed, wherein the bearing member includes a positioning portion for positioning the bearing member with respect to the concave portion of the air intake port, facing surfaces which extend from the positioning portion along the concave portion of the air intake port and face each other in an inward radial direction of the rotating shaft with respect to the concave portion, with a gap therebetween, and protruding portions which protrude toward the concave portion of the air intake port from the facing surfaces and seal the gap.

Abstract: A method of transitioning between two intake valve lift states while providing constant engine torque output comprehends the steps of receiving a lift change request from an engine control device, determining the current phase angles of the camshafts, and determining whether the intake and exhaust camshafts are at transition positions. The transition positions are experimentally or empirically determined combinations of operating conditions that result in constant engine torque output before and after the intake valve lift transition. If they are, an appropriate, i.e., low to high or high to low cam lift state transition of the intake valves occurs. If they are not, the cam phasers move the intake and exhaust camshafts to transition positions. When the cam phasers have moved the intake and exhaust camshafts to the transition positions, i.e., positions of constant engine torque output, the intake valve lift transitions from high to low or low to high.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device for a dual-injection internal combustion engine acquires first and second increase values, which are fuel increase ratios according to respective alcohol concentrations of a fuel injected by cylinder injection and a fuel injected by port injection. The control device determines a basic total injection amount of fuel that should be supplied to each cylinder in the case where the alcohol concentration of the fuel is zero. An amount of fuel injected from a cylinder injection valve is determined as if the alcohol concentration of the fuel were zero. A total injection amount is to correspond to an amount in accordance with the basic total injection amount and both, the first increase value and the second increase value, so that the increase in injected fuel amount is borne by port injection.

Abstract: A machine includes an engine and a governor operable to control an operating speed of the engine along a first droop curve such that the operating speed is a function of an operating load of the engine. The first droop curve includes a first region that defines a first slope, a second region that defines a second slope different from the first slope, and a transition point located at an intersection of the first region and the second region. The machine further includes a controller in communication with the governor. The controller is configured to determine an average operating load of the engine over a predetermined time period, adjust the location of the transition point based at least in part on the average operating load to create a second droop curve, and operate the engine based on the second droop curve.

Abstract: A method for regulation of a concentration/fraction of one or several substances comprised in an exhaust system in a motor vehicle through control of its driveline: The driveline includes a combustion engine which may be connected to a gearbox via a clutch device, wherein the gearbox has several discrete gears, and an exhaust system for removal of an exhaust stream from the combustion engine; the method includes obtaining one or several first parameters P1 related to at least one first concentration/fraction C1/X1 of one or several substances comprised in the exhaust system; and controlling the gearbox, and thus an operating point in the combustion engine, based on the parameters P1 for regulation of a concentration/fraction CEx/XEx of one or several substances in the said exhaust system. Further, a computer program, a computer program product, a system and a motor vehicle comprising such a system are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: Controlling opening and closing timings of the intake and exhaust valves by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT devices; determining, by a controller, target intake and exhaust opening durations of the intake and exhaust valves, and target opening and closing timings of the valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying current intake and exhaust opening durations based on the target opening durations via an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and an exhaust CVVD device; adjusting opening or closing timings of the valves to the target opening or closing timings of the valves while maintaining the modified opening durations of the valves.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine includes a throttle valve opening degree detector, an air bypass valve controller, and a torque reduction controller. The throttle valve opening degree detector detects an opening degree of a throttle valve which is provided downstream with respect to a compressor of a supercharger. The air bypass valve controller opens an air bypass valve based on a reduction change in the opening degree of the detected throttle valve. The air bypass valve is configured to open and close a bypass path. The torque reduction controller controls the throttle valve to reduce the opening degree of the throttle valve while an automatic transmission connected to the internal combustion engine is in an acceleration shifting in order to execute a torque reduction control. The air bypass valve controller maintains the air bypass valve in a close state during the torque reduction control.

Abstract: A dual-fuel internal combustion engine with a device for regulating the internal combustion engine, with at least two piston-cylinders, a fuel injector assigned to the piston-cylinder units for a liquid fuel, which has an injector needle. Each piston-cylinder unit has a gas supply device for fuel, wherein the regulating device controls the fuel injector and the at least one gas supply device individually for metering of the quantity of the liquid or gaseous fuel supplied to each piston-cylinder unit. At least one needle sensor is connected to the regulating device and assigned to the respective piston-cylinder unit, which detects a characteristic signal of the needle position in the ballistic range, so that the fuel injector can be operated with individual controllability for each of the at least two piston-cylinder units for the regulation of the supplied fuel quantity in the ballistic range.

Abstract: A fuel vapor purge system includes: a fuel tank; a canister; a passage component that defines an intake passage of an internal-combustion engine; a purge pump pumping vapor fuel; and a valve device having a valve object, a main part having an internal passage, an inflow port through which the vapor fuel pumped from the canister flows into the main part, an outflow port connected with the inflow port through the internal passage and being opened to the intake passage, and a leak port connected with the inflow port through the internal passage and being opened to outside of the main part. The leak port has a leak preventive structure which prevents the vapor fuel from leaking to outside when the valve device is attached to the passage component such that the vapor fuel is able to flow into the intake passage.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a gas engine, having two cylinder banks, each of which includes multiple cylinders, wherein each cylinder bank is independently supplied with charging pressure, and having a device for actively deactivating at least one cylinder of each cylinder bank. When the operating state is switched from a state with at least one deactivated cylinder to an operating state with at least one other activated cylinder, the charging pressure is reduced prior to the activation of the other cylinder.

Abstract: A speed limiting device may include a communicator configured to communicate with a tire air pressure monitor, a steering angle detector, a yaw rate detector and an engine controller of a vehicle; a storage configured to store limited speed information corresponding to slip information, in a form of a table; and a controller configured to acquire slip information based on a steering angle detected by the steering angle detector and a yaw rate detected by the yaw rate detector when abnormality information is received from the tire air pressure monitor, to check a limited speed corresponding to the acquired slip information, and to output the checked limited speed to the engine controller.

Abstract: A control apparatus comprising an air-fuel ratio sensor disposed between the exhaust gas aggregated portion and the three-way catalyst, and which outputs an output value corresponding to an amount of oxygen and an amount of unburnt substances that has reached the exhaust-gas-side electrode layer via the porous; an actual detected air-fuel ratio obtaining section which obtains an actual detected air-fuel ratio by converting an actual output value of the air-fuel ratio sensor into an air-fuel ratio; and an instructed fuel injection amount calculation section which corrects the amount of the fuel injected from a plurality of the fuel injection valves so that the actual detected air-fuel ratio coincides with a target air-fuel ratio; and an air-fuel ratio imbalance indicating value obtaining section which obtains an air-fuel ratio imbalance indicating value which becomes larger as a degree of a non-uniformity among a plurality of the cylinders of cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratios.

Abstract: Since a factor affecting an individual difference learning result is reduced or eliminated regardless of a valve body behavior, it is possible to highly accurately detect an individual difference of a fuel injector caused by the valve body behavior and to reliably detect the individual difference even when the fuel injector is replaced. When a valve opening/closing timing of the fuel injector is learned by a learning unit, a unit of interrupting the learning if a predetermined condition is established, a unit of prohibiting the learning of the valve closing timing using the learning unit if a predetermined condition is established, or a unit of prohibiting the learning of the valve opening/closing timing of the fuel injector using the learning unit if a fuel pressure of a common rail supplying a fuel to the plurality of fuel injectors changes by a predetermined value or more within a predetermined time is provided.

Abstract: A method of detecting a defeat device includes: determining turbo operation when a turbocharger of a vehicle is operated; determining flow rate of the air to be applied to an intake manifold wherein it is determined whether which flow rate out of a first flow rate of the air passing through a throttle valve and a second flow rate of the air measured by a hot-film air mass flow (HFM) sensor is used as the flow rate of the intake manifold; determining whether pressure in the intake manifold is in a normal range based on the flow rate of the intake manifold; and determining that the defeat device is installed if it is determined that the pressure in the intake manifold is not in the normal range and storing information of the defeat device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for adjusting fuel injections provided to a cylinder when a fuel rail pressure deviation from a threshold pressure is detected. In one example, a method may include reducing a total number of pilot and/or main fuel injections provided to a cylinder in a given cylinder cycle in response to a reduction of pressure in a fuel rail. In this way, the threshold rail pressure may be maintained, reducing the likelihood the engine will be derated.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having at least one combustion chamber and at least one piston, and a squish area disposed at or around a base of the at least one combustion chamber, wherein the at least one combustion chamber comprises a paraboloidal cavity.

Abstract: A cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine may include an aluminum alloy material including a magnesium content of at least 0.3% by weight, a liner body having a circumferential face, and an adapter layer of silicon oxide disposed on the circumferential face. The adapter layer may include at least one of a potassium oxide content and a sodium oxide content of greater than or equal to 0% by weight.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to, while forming a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body, prevent generation of large cracks on the heat insulating layer and suppress damages and peeling of the heat insulating layer. To achieve this object, in the present invention, pressure is applied to a heat insulating layer provided on a top surface of a piston main body, that is, a pressing stress is applied to the heat insulating layer in advance.

Abstract: A piston galleryless piston capable achieving improved thermal efficiency, fuel consumption, and engine performance is provided. The piston includes an undercrown surface exposed from an underside of the piston, a ring belt, pin bosses, and a pair of skirt panels coupled to the pin bosses by struts. The piston includes an inner undercrown region extending along the undercrown surface and surrounded by the skirt panels, struts, and pin bosses. The piston also includes a pair of outer pockets extending along the undercrown surface and each being surrounded by a portion of the ring belt, one of the pin bosses, and the struts coupling the one pin boss to the skirt panels. Each pin boss includes an opening extending from the inner undercrown region to one of the outer pockets for conveying cooling oil. The opening is located between a pin bore of the associated pin boss and the undercrown surface.

Abstract: Methods of powering a heat engine with a remote lasers are disclosed, where the ambient air surrounding the engine is used as the working fluid. All methods include inputting the ambient air into the engine, absorbing laser optical radiation, turning it into heat, supplying the heat to the air, harvesting mechanical work from expanding air and releasing the air back into surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A thermodynamic apparatus, such as a Stirling engine or a Vuilleumier heat pump, has a heat exchanger in which energy is exchanged between a working fluid and an exhaust gas stream. On top of the cylinder of the thermodynamic apparatus is a dome-shaped section. By incorporating the heat exchanger within the dome, the flow paths can be simplified, the number of separate components reduced, and overall weight reduced. Flow passages for the working fluid are embedded in the dome. Channels for the exhaust gases are formed in an outer surface. The passages and the channels are helically arranged, one clockwise and one counter clockwise. The dome can be cast with a core for the casting fabricated via three-dimensional printing. In some embodiments, the dome is made of fiber-reinforced material.

Abstract: A thrust reverser for a nacelle may comprise a composite track beam and a composite lug. The composite lug may be inserted through a through-hole in the composite track beam. Continuous fibers in the composite lug may provide strength in the in-plane direction.

Abstract: An aircraft engine includes a gas powered turbine core. A first fan is connected to the turbine core via a shaft. The fan is positioned aft of the turbine. A second fan is connected to the first fan via a geared connection.

Abstract: A field of test methods, and more particularly to a method for testing a device, the method including one operating stage corresponding to a stable value of one operating setpoint for the device and/or for a test bench for testing the device. The operating stage is finalized before a maximum duration threshold if a criterion associated with a set of physical parameters picked up during the operating stage is satisfied and if a confidence level associated with the set of physical parameters reaches at least a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: According to the invention, the adapter is arranged to be mounted in the tool, to be connected to a fuel cartridge and to receive fuel and communicate with a combustion chamber so as to inject a mixture of external air and fuel therein.

Abstract: In an intake apparatus of an internal combustion engine, an EGR gas inlet port of each of plural EGR gas distribution pipes is provided at a position at which a volume of an intake port from a surge tank to the EGR gas inlet port is equal to or greater than a volume of an EGR gas introduced to an intake pipe from each of the EGR gas distribution pipes during one cycle of the internal combustion engine and at a position towards the surge tank relative to a center of the intake port in a flow direction thereof.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) EGR cooler for an engine system. In one example, the EGR cooler includes a first section with a first group of tubes adapted to flow exhaust gases, and also includes a first group of passages formed by exterior surfaces of the first group of tubes and adapted to flow coolant from a coolant source. The EGR cooler also includes a second section including a second group of tubes adapted to flow coolant from the coolant source, and a second group of passages formed by exterior surfaces of the second group of tubes and adapted to flow the exhaust gas from the first group of tubes.

Abstract: A construction machine includes: a partition member partitioning an accommodation space in an engine compartment into a main chamber and an intake chamber while having an inter-chamber opening; a fan disposed in the main chamber to generate cooling air flowing through an air intake opening, the intake chamber, the inter-chamber opening, and the main chamber in this order by sucking air in the engine compartment in a suction direction; a duct joined to an outer wall to enclose the air intake opening and including an inner peripheral surface enclosing a duct passage leading to the air intake opening and an outer peripheral surface. The duct extends in a duct extension direction different from the suction direction of the fan, disposed in the intake chamber to define a duct surrounding space around the outer peripheral surface of the duct.

Abstract: This blow-by gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle is provided with a vacuum pump which supplies negative pressure to a brake booster. The blow-by gas recirculation device includes: a fresh-air introduction passage for introducing a fresh air into a crankcase from an intake passage upstream of a throttle valve; a PCV device for recirculating, to the intake passage downstream of the throttle valve, blow-by gas in the crankcase; and a suction/recirculation means which uses the vacuum pump to suck the blow-by gas from inside the crankcase, in a region where the blow-by gas ventilation quantity by the PCV device is insufficient, and recirculate the blow-by gas to the intake passage, while the fresh air is being introduced from the fresh-air introduction passage. As a result, the blow-by gas concentration in the crankcase is reduced, engine oil contact opportunities are reduced, and oil deterioration is inhibited.

Abstract: An air-intake device comprises a vehicle body frame including a head box; and a pair of right and left main frames, wherein the head box includes: a casing section which extends between a front opening and a rear opening of the head box and is formed with a main air passage; and a pair of right and left extending sections coupled to the pair of main frames, respectively, wherein at least one extending section is provided with a branch air passage which branches from the main air passage, and wherein a separating wall is provided between the main air passage and the branch air passage and has a communication hole, and wherein when a vehicle body is viewed from a side, at least one extending section is extended rearward to a location at which at least a front region of the communication hole is covered by the extending section.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system capable of impeding fluid flow along its outer surface. According to the examples of the disclosure, the fluid delivery system features deflection features designed to deflect fluid flow from one location away from another location. The fluid delivery system's ability to impede fluid flow along its surface prevents damages to other parts of the system, the system operator, or other objects caused by the fluid flow.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine fuel, preferably diesel fuel, feed pump assembly, the pump assembly (1) comprising a pump body (2); at least one cylinder (6) formed in the pump body (2) and extending along an axis (A2); a seat (12) formed in the pump body (2), at one end of the cylinder (6); an intake valve (18) for selectively controlling fuel feed into the cylinder (6), which is housed inside the seat (12) and in turn comprises a valve body (25); and an annular seal (26) extending around the axis (A2) and fitted inside the seat (12) between the valve body (25) and the pump body (2); the pump assembly (1) being characterized in that the valve body (25) is positioned contacting the annular seal (26) along a contact surface (45) of the valve body (25) and close to a surface portion adjacent to a radially inner peripheral edge (46) of the seal (26); the valve body (25) having an annular step (48) along another surface portion adjacent to a radially outer peripheral edge (52) of the seal (26).

Abstract: A piston-type fuel pump for an internal combustion engine includes a pump housing, a piston, an annular counterplate, and a non-return outlet valve. The pump housing includes a stepped opening and a piston opening. The piston is guided in the piston opening. The counterplate is pressed into the stepped opening and includes a valve seat. The non-return valve includes a valve element and a guide element. The guide element guides the valve element, is arranged radially outside the valve element and in the stepped opening, and includes a guide section, a retention section, and a support section. The guide section guides the valve element, the retention section is connected to the guide section via a radially extending connecting section, and the support section supports a valve spring. The sections are arranged axially at different points such that the guide section is between the counterplate and the support section.

Abstract: In a nozzle plate, a portion of fuel flowing out from a fuel injection port of the fuel injection device is atomized by impinging on an interference body. At the same time, the flow of the portion of fuel is sharply bent and impinges on fuel which straightly advances and passes through a nozzle hole and an orifice thus turning the flow of fuel into a turbulent flow. Further, both end portions of the orifice form non-rounded sharpened corner portions. Hence, a liquid film of fuel injected from the corner portions and areas in the vicinity of the corner portions of the orifice is formed into a thin sharpened and pointed state whereby an end portion of the liquid film of fuel injected from the orifice is easily atomized due to a friction between the end portion of the liquid film of fuel and air.

Abstract: A starter-generator system may include a starter-generator configured to provide an engine-cranking torque or receive a generator-cranking torque, a belt drive mechanism located between the starter-generator and an engine, and a torque transmission mechanism that selectively transmits the engine-cranking torque or the generator-cranking torque between the starter-generator and the belt drive mechanism.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to controlling engine of a vehicle. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, when it is determined that the vehicle has entered a deep water area, an engine start-stop function of the vehicle is disabled. The deep water area has a water depth which allows water to enter the engine of the vehicle or causes the engine of the vehicle to be susceptible to water inflow.

Abstract: An ocean wave energy generator and parabolic concentrator system includes a parabolic reflector wall, which may be in the form of a breakwater wall or the like, a generator adapted for mounting beneath a surface of a body of water, and a buoy. The buoy floats on the surface of the water and is coupled to the generator by a chain or the like. Wave-driven vertical oscillation of the buoy drives the generator to generate electrical power. The wall has opposed first and second surfaces, with the first surface thereof facing the buoy and having a parabolic contour. Because of the parabolic contour of the first surface, the first surface can reflect and focus waves to a single focus point or area. The buoy is positioned at the focus point in order to maximize power conversion.

Abstract: The present application discloses an energy harvesting system for harvesting energy from water waves, such as ocean waves. The energy harvesting system comprises: a base rotational mechanism comprising a first shaft and a positive rotational direction about the axis of the first shaft; an electricity generator configured to generate electricity from the rotation of the first shaft in the positive rotational direction; and a plurality of rotation driving apparatuses. Each rotation driving apparatus comprises a freewheel mechanism whose axis of rotation is the same as the axis of the first shaft, a swing component which may make a two-way rotation of limited angular range, a floating component comprising a buoy which is connected to an of the swing component, and a spring or weight which directly or indirectly exerts a force on the swing component.

Abstract: A wave energy conversion cylinder includes an outer cylinder and a center rod disposed along an axis of the outer cylinder. A plurality of electrically-conductive windings are disposed about an inner circumference of the outer cylinder. A magnet is slidably disposed on the center rod. A buoyancy cylinder is disposed outwardly of the outer cylinder. A first moveable ring weight may be slidably disposed along the axis of the center rod and a second moveable ring weight may be slidably disposed along the axis of the center rod. The first moveable ring weight and the second moveable ring weight facilitate control to tune a mass moment of inertia of the wave energy conversion cylinder.

Abstract: A device for generating electrical energy from mechanical motion includes a surface float and at least one force modifier disposed at least partially within the interior of the surface float, the force modifier to receive an input force at a pumping cylinder and apply a modified force to a generator through a driving cylinder. The pumping cylinder or the driving cylinder is a tandem cylinder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for converting the of swell and/or of wave energy, including a network of water compression columns (1), each having: a lower end (110) to be dipped into a volume of water, the lower end (110) having an opening (111) for collecting water in the column (1), so as to form a chamber including a gas in an upper portion (120) of the column (1), a first non-return valve (4) in fluid communication from said column (1) to an overpressure chamber (2) shared by the columns, and a second non-return valve (5) in fluid communication from a low-pressure chamber (3) shared by the columns to said column (1), wherein the overpressure (2) and low-pressure (3) chambers are fluidly connected via a turbine (6) and the columns (1) of the network are arranged contiguously, and the network extends in at least two non-parallel directions.

Abstract: A control device estimates a flow rate and an effective height difference of a fluid machine based on a characteristic detectable with regard to a rotating electrical machine and correlating with the flow rate and the effective height difference of the fluid machine. A total flow rate in a pipe system is estimated based on these values estimated by the control device and a flow resistance characteristic line, and cooperative control of the fluid machine and the flow rate control valve is performed such that the estimated value of the total flow rate becomes close to a target flow rate of the total flow rate in the pipe system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wind turbine blade for a rotor of a wind turbine having a substantially horizontal rotor shaft, the rotor comprising a hub from which the blade extends in a substantially radial direction when mounted to the hub. The wind turbine blade comprises a profiled contour defining a leading edge and a trailing edge, a pressure side and a suction side connecting the leading edge and the trailing edge, the profiled contour generating a lift when being impacted by an incident air-flow, and a slat assembly located on the blade, the slat assembly comprising a slat device being supported by a support device positioning the slat device in a distance from the surface of the blade.

Abstract: A direct mold includes a plank frame and a mold surface body held in shape by the plank frame. The plank frame is made of a plurality of planar panels that are aligned transversely to the longitudinal extension of the rotor blade and are arranged spaced with respect to each other in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the rotor blade. The panels of the plank frame have recesses, into which the mold surface body is inserted and which reproduces in its sequence in the plank frame mainly a progression of a contour of a part of a rotor blade profile. The mold surface body has a layer structure that includes a support layer and a sandwich layer. The support layer is made of rails that are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade in a manner bridging the distances between the panels.

Abstract: Provided is a rotor blade that may include a first layer having first plurality of fibers oriented at first angle of about 20 to 30 degrees relative to a long axis of the rotor blade, a second plurality of fibers oriented at a second angle of about 60 to 75 degrees relative to the first plurality of fibers, and a third plurality of fibers oriented at a third angle of about ?60 to about ?75 degrees relative to the second plurality of fibers.