Abstract: A lift-truck including a support means extending from a load engagement means; a distance sensor to measure the distance (D) to the load engagement means; a control unit connected to an operator interface and a lifting/lowering unit and to the distance sensor, the distance sensor attached to the support means at a fixed distance above the load engagement means, the control unit receives start signal from the operator interface and performs a height adjustment cycle of the load engagement means comprising; determining a default distance (D0) to the surface on the load engagement means; determining the present distance (D) to the surface on the load engagement means; comparing the default distance (D0) and the present distance (D); moving the load engagement means a distance (R) when a difference (Ddelta) between the default distance (D0) and the present distance (D) is determined, the distance (R) depends on the difference (Ddelta).

Abstract: A forklift truck includes a two-dimensional rangefinder, a mover device, a calculator, and a determiner. The two-dimensional rangefinder emits a measurement wave in a downwardly inclined direction from above and toward a first load and measures a distance to a measurement point located on a surface of the first load. The mover device moves the two-dimensional rangefinder. The calculator calculates a longitudinal distance between the emitting source and the measurement point. The determiner determines that the first load is in a condition in which there is a level difference between a front part and a rear part of an upper surface of the first load, and the front part is higher than the rear part, when a variation in the longitudinal distance that is generated in response to a displacement of the two-dimensional rangefinder moved by the mover device exceeds an upper limit of a specified threshold range.

Abstract: The container transport system and method provides for the transport of portable storage units. The system includes a powered hand truck, a specially configured vehicle, and a pair of dolly wheel sets for installation to one end of the portable storage unit. The method comprises removal of the hand truck from the vehicle, fitting the dolly wheels to one end of the portable storage unit as needed, lifting the opposite end of the portable storage unit using the powered hand truck, maneuvering the portable storage unit onto the vehicle using the powered hand truck while simultaneously lifting the end of the portable storage unit supported by the hand truck to keep the portable storage unit level, and parking the powered hand truck on the rearward portion of the vehicle. The hand truck may be remotely controlled, and the dolly sets are preferably height adjustable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sectional hydraulic valve and a truck mounted forklift incorporating the distributor. The sectional hydraulic valve comprises an inlet cover, a plurality of hydraulic sections and an end cap. The hydraulic sections each having a pump gallery, a tank gallery, an A port, a B port, a spool and a remote pilot gallery. The end cap comprises a pump port coupled to the pump gallery, a tank port coupled to the tank gallery and a connecting conduit between the pump port and the tank port. The end cap further comprises a remote pilot gallery port coupled to the remote pilot gallery, a fluid passageway between the remote pilot gallery port and the connecting conduit, and a valve assembly operable to selectively permit or restrict flow of hydraulic fluid between the connecting conduit in the end cap and the remote pilot gallery in the hydraulic section.

Abstract: A side lift spreader (1) for handling empty containers (6), and a method for adjusting a main frame (10) of an inverted side lift spreader. The inverted side lift spreader (1) comprises a main carriage (8) which is connectable to a lifting device (2) to be movable along a front side (39) of a mast (4) of the lifting device (2), the main frame (10) being carried by and sideways movable with respect to the main carriage (8), and main frame guiding means (27) for guiding a movement of the main frame (27) comprises at least two links (30, 31, 32, 33), one first portion (52, 56, 60, 64) of each link (30, 31, 32, 33) being connected to the main frame (10) and one second portion (54, 58, 62, 66) of each link (30, 31, 32, 33) being connected to the main carriage (8).

Abstract: An opposable clamp arm of a load handling device such as a lift truck attachment. An upper clamp pad portion may have a generally planar plate as a main member and may have a load-gripping face layer. A lower clamp pad assembly has a plurality of separately replaceable wear-compensating load-contacting elements mounted interchangeably on a backing plate attached to a stabilizer member of the clamp arm. The load-contacting elements may be secured to the backing plate by retainer bars fastened to the backing plate with flanges of the retainer bars overlapping margins of the load contact elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods directed to the art of secondary beverage packaging include a device or structure for assisting in the opening of primary beverage packaging which may, prior to opening, have been at least partially contained in the secondary beverage packaging.

Abstract: A bag cutter for opening a sealed package using at least one of a blade and a piercer. Preferably, at least one blade is disposed partially within a cutout of an arm in a manner that exposes an edge of the blade. A piercer can comprise an extension of a cutout edge or be located on any other suitable portion of an arm. Another blade can be provided that is substantially perpendicular to the blade within a cutout, and juxtaposable against a cutting surface.

Abstract: A beverage supplying device includes a touch panel for receiving an operation for selecting a main syrup constituting a main beverage, and a topping syrup added as flavoring to the main beverage. The device further includes a second syrup solenoid valve for opening and closing a passage for supplying the topping syrup that is stored under pressure in a syrup tank and a second syrup pump for intermittently supplying the topping syrup while the second syrup solenoid valve is open, the second syrup pump being provided to the passage for supplying the topping syrup between the syrup tank and the second syrup solenoid valve. The device further includes a nozzle for producing the main beverage by mixing the main syrup with water or carbonated water at a prescribed ratio, and producing a beverage by mixing the topping syrup with the main beverage without diluting the topping syrup.

Abstract: A method for controlling a refrigerating device of a water dispenser. The method includes: S1, controlling a refrigerating module to cool water in a cold water tank; S2, when the temperature of the water in the cold water tank is reduced to a first preset temperature, stopping the refrigerating module at the first preset time; S3, controlling the refrigerating module to work again to continue cooling the water in the cold water tank; S4, when the temperature of the water in the cold water tank is reduced to an nth preset temperature, stopping the refrigerating module at the nth preset time; and S5, determining whether the temperature of the water in the cold water tank reaches a target temperature, and if not, repeating steps S3 and S4 after reaching a predefined number. Through multi-stage refrigeration, an ultra-low temperature refrigeration is achieved.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a refillable device. The refillable device includes a liquid chamber in the refillable device, a connection end, a sealing component arranged in the connection end, and a rotating mechanism. The liquid chamber is configured for storing tobacco liquid. The connection end is configured for connecting with an open end of a liquid injecting container. The sealing component defines a liquid inlet. The rotating mechanism tightly abuts against the sealing component. The rotating mechanism is rotatable between a first position where the liquid inlet is opened, and a second position where the liquid inlet is sealed.

Abstract: A system for managing bulk product dispensing and sale in a retail establishment includes a bulk product dispenser for dispensing bulk product into a re-usable container which includes an ID tag identifying said container. A user interface receives a product fill request for a bulk product selected from a plurality of bulk products capable of being dispensed. Then a dispenser controller verifies the compatibility of said product fill request with said container by verifying the product requested satisfies restrictions based on information associated with the ID tag, and responsive to said verifying, either controlling said dispenser to fill said container with the requested product, or displaying a warning to a user if the request is not compatible.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more systems and/or techniques for labeling a refill contain and/or for enabling operation of the refill container by a dispensing system based upon one or more indicia of the label satisfying a dispensing key are provided. In an example, a label may be applied to a refill container. The label may comprise a first region having a first indicia that may correspond to a shape, color, and/or texture (e.g., a yellow star indicia). A dispensing system may enable operation of the refill container (e.g., installation and/or dispensing of material from the refill container) based upon the first indicia satisfying a dispensing key (e.g., a yellow key component and/or a star shape component). Otherwise, the dispensing system does not enable operation of the refill container (e.g., the refill container is not genuine or is not an appropriate refill container type).

Abstract: An optical device formed of a mirror wafer, a cap wafer, and a glass wafer. The mirror wafer includes a first layer of electrically conductive material, a second layer of electrically conductive material, and a third layer of electrically insulating material between the first layer and the second layer. A mirror element is formed of the second layer of the mirror wafer, and has a reflective surface in the bottom of a cavity opened into at least the first layer. A good optical quality planar glass wafer can be used to enclose the mirror element when the mirror wafer, cap wafer, and glass wafer are bonded to each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising a substrate, wherein a MEMS module is arranged on a first side of the substrate, the output signal from said MEMS module changing in the event of a change in temperature. Furthermore, the apparatus has a housing structure which is arranged on a first side of the substrate and has a recess in which the MEMS module is arranged. The apparatus also has a layer which is applied to the housing structure and increases the heat capacity of the apparatus. The present disclosure also relates to a method for producing an apparatus of this kind.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wafer-level package that includes a first thinned die, a multilayer redistribution structure, a first mold compound, and a second mold compound. The first thinned die resides over a top surface of the multilayer redistribution structure. The multilayer redistribution structure includes at least one support pad that is on a bottom surface of the multilayer redistribution structure and vertically aligned with the first thinned die. The first mold compound resides over the multilayer redistribution structure and around the first thinned die, and extends beyond a top surface of the first thinned die to define an opening within the first mold compound and over the first thinned die. The second mold compound fills the opening and is in contact with the top surface of the first thinned die.

Abstract: An energy carrier system is provided that produces ammonia with high efficiency and that further produces hydrogen as final product and uses the hydrogen as energy. An energy storage transportation method is further provided that is carried out by using energy carrier system. The energy carrier system includes nitric acid production device, an ammonia production device, and hydrogen production device. The nitric acid production device includes a photo-reactor, a gas supply unit that supplies photo-reactor with gas to be treated containing a nitrogen oxide, water, and oxygen, and light source disposed in the photo-reactor. The light source radiates light including ultraviolet of a wavelength shorter than 175 nm. The energy storage transportation method includes nitric acid production step of producing nitric acid from a nitrogen oxide, ammonia production step of producing ammonia through reduction of nitric acid, and hydrogen production step of producing hydrogen through decomposition of the ammonia.

Abstract: A method of safely vaporizing liquid chlorine containing high concentrations of nitrogen trichloride contaminant from a chloralkali plant. In a vertical plug-flow vaporizer having an upward flow direction, a stream of liquid chlorine containing nitrogen trichloride is received. A gas such as air, nitrogen or chlorine gas is introduced into the liquid stream upstream of the boiling zone of the vaporizer to induce a flow regime, for example annular flow or mist flow, that prevents a mass accumulation of nitrogen trichloride in the vaporizer. The liquid chlorine containing nitrogen trichloride is vaporized. The resulting gas stream may be processed to destroy the nitrogen trichloride and recycled to the chlorine production train.

Abstract: Oxygen production process of VSA type from a flow of air, implementing at least one group of at least 3 adsorbers installed in parallel and following the same VSA cycle comprising, in succession, a phase of adsorption at the high pressure of the cycle, a phase of desorption at pressures lower than the high pressure of the cycle, a phase of repressurization of the adsorber to the high pressure of the cycle, characterized in that, periodically or exceptionally: a) at least one adsorber of the group of adsorbers is isolated so as to no longer follow the pressure cycle, b) the adsorbent contained in the adsorber isolated in the step a) is regenerated by raising the temperature, and c) the adsorber regenerated in the step b) is re-incorporated in the group of adsorbers so as to once again follow the pressure cycle.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of producing an sp3 bonded C3N4 product includes contacting a starting material with a catalyst solvent in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction vessel to a temperature of 900° to 2000° C. under a pressure of 4 to 8 GPa, melting at least some of the catalyst solvent, and transforming at least some of the sp2 bonded C3N4 into sp3 hybridized C3N4. The starting material may include sp2 bonded C3N4. The catalyst solvent may be a solid at room temperature. In one example, the catalyst solvent is a carbo-nitride based catalyst solvent including a first compound having the chemical formula AxByNz and a second compound having the chemical formula DqErCs. In a second example, the catalyst solvent is a metal alloy based catalyst solvent including a compound having the chemical formula GxHy.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing LiMXO4, comprising the steps of reacting a source of lithium, a source of M, and a source of X together, in a melted state at a reaction temperature between 900 to 1450 C, in the presence of an excess of (A) a solid-solid reducing couple having an oxygen partial process at equilibrium (pO2) comprised between 10?8 and 10?15 atm at said reaction temperature according to an Ellingham-Richardson diagram for oxides, or (B) one component of the solid-solid reducing couple together with a gas-gas reducing couple having an oxygen partial pressure equilibrium (pO2) between 10?8 and 10?15 atm at said reaction temperature according to an Ellingham-Richardson diagram of oxides, and under thermic equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium. There is also provided a LiMXO4 melt-solidified product free from off-composition impurities.

Abstract: A non-flaky carbon material having specific optical structures, wherein the ratio between the peak intensity I110 of (110) plane and the peak intensity I004 of (004) plane of a graphite crystal determined by the powder XRD measurement, I110/I004, is 0.10 or more and 0.35 or less; an average circularity is 0.80 or more and 0.95 or less; d002 is 0.337 nm or less; and the total pore volume of pores having a diameter of 0.4 ?m or less measured by the nitrogen gas adsorption method is 25.0 ?l/g or more and 40.0 ?l/g or less. Also disclosed is a method for producing the carbon material, a carbon material for a battery electrode, a paste for an electrode incorporating the carbon material for a battery electrode, an electrode for a lithium battery incorporating a formed body of the paste for an electrode, a lithium-ion secondary battery including the electrode and a method for producing the electrode.

Abstract: A carbon material and a material for a battery electrode which is suitable for use as an electrode material for an aqueous-electrolyte secondary battery, which material includes optical structures having a specific shape, and in which material the ratio IG/ID (R value) between the peak intensity (ID) of a peak in a range of 1300 to 1400 cm?1 and the peak intensity (IG) of a peak in a range of 1580 to 1620 cm?1 measured by Raman spectroscopy spectra when particles of the carbon material are measured with Raman microspectrometer is 0.38 or more and 1.2 or less and the average interplanar spacing d002 of plane (002) by the X-ray diffraction method is 0.335 nm or more and 0.338 nm or less; and a secondary battery excellent in charge/discharge cycle characteristics and large current load characteristics.

Abstract: When a raw material graphite film bad in flatness is laminated onto another material, creases and other defects may be caused. In particular, when a graphite film having a large area is laminated, defects such as creases may be often caused. In order to solve such defects, a flatness correction treatment step is performed wherein a raw material graphite film is subjected to heat treatment up to 2000° C. or higher while a pressure is applied thereto. This flatness correction treatment gives a graphite film good in flatness. Furthermore, when the flatness of the raw material graphite film is corrected by use of a thermal expansion of a core, a graphite film small in sagging can be obtained.

Abstract: A polycrystalline silicon rod is synthesized by the Siemens method (S101). After the polycrystalline silicon rod is covered from above with a plastic bag whose inner surface has been washed, and housed in the plastic bag in a reactor (S103), the polycrystalline silicon rod is removed out of the reactor (S104), and heat-sealed and stored in an enclosed state (S105). According to the present invention, steps conventionally considered as essential, such as washing, etching, and water washing, are not always necessary, and therefore the concentrations of fluorine ions, nitrate ions, and nitrogen dioxide ions remaining on the surface can each be less than 0.2 ppbw. In addition, by covering with the plastic bag, the metal contamination levels decrease significantly. Moreover, when the handling according to the present invention is performed, surface contamination hardly proceeds even if the polycrystalline silicon rod is stored for a long period.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing an aerogel, an acid is added to a first aqueous high-molar-ratio silicate solution that includes silica particles having a mean particle diameter of from 1 nm to 10 nm and that is alkaline, to produce a gel. The gel is subjected to a dehydration condensation to obtain a hydrogel. The hydrogel is converted into a hydrophobized gel. Then, the hydrophobized gel is dried. According to the method, an aerogel having a pore volume of from 3.00 cc/g to 10 cc/g, a mean pore diameter of from 10 nm to 68 nm, and a specific surface area of from 200 m2/g to 475 m2/g can be prepared.

Abstract: There is disclosed a microporous crystalline material comprising a crystal structure having building units of double-6-rings (d6r) and pore opening of 8-rings, wherein the material comprises a first metal chosen from alkali-earth group, rare-earth group, alkali group or mixtures thereof, and a second metal chosen from copper, iron or mixtures thereof, wherein the material has molar silica to alumina ratio (SAR) from 3 to 12, and is further steamed to enhance stability. Methods of making the crystalline material are also disclosed. There is also disclosed a method of selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, comprising at least partially contacting the exhaust gases with an article comprising the disclosed microporous crystalline material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for directly synthesizing titanium dioxide from a titanium-rich organic phase prepared from ilmenite, and more particularly to a method in which a titanium-rich acidolysis solution is obtained by an efficient ore dissolving technology, titanium ions are transferred to the organic phase by means of an effective titanium extractant to obtain a high-purity and titanium-rich organic phase, and then the titanium dioxide is directly synthesized in the organic phase. With this method, the dissolution rate of ilmenite can be effectively improved, the process flow is shortened and production costs are reduced, and titanium dioxide with high yield and high quality is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode mixture, an electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The electrode mixture includes a lithium mixed metal oxide represented by formula (1): Liz(Ni1-x-yMnxMy)O2??(1), an electrically conductive material, and a water-dispersible polymeric binder, wherein x is 0.30 or more and less than 1, y is 0 or more and less than 1, x+y is 0.30 or more and less than 1, z is 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less, and M represents one or more members selected from the group consisting of Co, Al, Ti, Mg and Fe.

Abstract: A gas flotation tank is provided that includes a series of adjacent chambers which impart a rotational current therein. Each chamber is separated from a skim oil trough by a skimming weir. Each chamber comprises an alternating fluid communication device between adjacent chambers allowing fluid communication between adjacent chambers in the form of a communication port in the dividing wall between adjacent chambers and a chamber outlet in conjunction with a perforated plate and the outlet is positioned in fluid communication with the final chamber. An optional coalescing media may be positioned in or proximate the communication port to absorb or coalesce contaminants as they pass therethrough.

Abstract: A laser ablation and filtration process and apparatus wherein liquid containing hydrocarbons or other contaminates is purified. The liquid is exposed to laser energy at one or more selected wavelengths wherein the laser energy travels through the liquid and reaches the hydrocarbons or other contaminates and vaporizes, denatures, breaks down, neutralizes, renders inert and/or separates the hydrocarbons or contaminates from the liquid. A laser source is positioned in or on a vessel based on pre-set parameters to maximize exposure of the liquid to the laser energy, including sizing parameters, angle and inclination of the laser, retention time for the laser process to be applied and geometry of the containment for proper inclination. One or more collection chambers, which may include perforated membranes may be included to collect gases, separated hydrocarbons or contaminates and other by-products of the process. The vessel utilized may be submergible in water to pull or flow contaminated water therethough.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an elongate chamber. A UV source includes a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including an active layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The active layer emits radiation having a peak wavelength in a UV range. The semiconductor device is positioned on a wall of the elongate chamber. An inner surface of the elongate chamber is reflective.

Abstract: A device for the treatment of fluids has a flow-through housing, a cover, an inlet, a reactor chamber with inner walls, an outlet and UV LED radiation sources directed into the reactor chamber, and also a power supply. The device achieves a high purifying performance with less technical complexity and less installation space and needs only little electrical power. The interior of the reactor chamber has a flow-related design. The radiation sources are arranged in the fluid on or in an inner wall and a rotating fluid vortex is imparted to a fluid flowing through by the flow-related design. The radiation sources radiate radially from the outside inward and/or laterally onto the fluid vortex. At least a partial stream of the fluid in the fluid vortex passes a number of times by the radiation sources before leaving the reactor chamber.

Abstract: The invention presents a urea bio-electrochemical (UBE) system to achieve resource recovery from water recycling systems. A GAC-urease bioreactor was used to recover urea from wastewater stream, and converted to ammonia. Then, the ammonia produced was used to feed an electrochemical cell to gather electrical energy. The invention shows the feasibility of using the UBE system in combination with a forward osmosis subsystem for water reclamation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing electrolyzed water composition for use in cleaning and disinfecting of an object. The method comprises preparing an electrolyte solution comprising water, at least one carbonate salt selected from: alkali metal carbonate salts, and at least one chloride salt selected from: alkali metal chloride salts and/or alkali earth metal chloride salts. The method further comprises introducing the aqueous electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of boron-doped diamond electrodes. The method further comprises operating a power supply to apply a predetermined voltage to the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed water composition comprising a plurality of active molecular and ionic species with antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for use of switchable water, which is capable of reversibly switching between an initial ionic strength and an increased ionic strength, is described. The disclosed methods and systems can be used, for example, in distillation-free removal of water from solvents, solutes, or solutions, desalination, clay settling, viscosity switching, etc. Switching from lower to higher ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with C02, CS2 or COS or treatment with Bronsted acids. Switching from higher to lower ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with air, inert gas, heating, agitating, introducing a vacuum or partial vacuum, or any combination or thereof.

Abstract: A system containing a reactor vessel including zero valent iron media, a source of a conditioning additive, a source of a reaction additive, and a process control subsystem is disclosed. A method for reducing a concentration of one or more contaminants in contaminated water including contacting zero valent iron media with a conditioning additive, contacting contaminated water with conditioned zero valent iron media, and introducing a reaction additive is also disclosed. The conditioning additive and reaction additive may each contain an aluminum salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus, methods, and applications for treating wastewater, and more particularly to biological processes for removing pollutants from wastewater. This invention further relates to apparatus and methods for growing microbes on-site at a wastewater treatment facility, and for economically inoculating sufficient microbes to solve various treatment problems rapidly.

Abstract: A membrane separation type activated sludge treatment method according to an aspect of the present invention includes a step of performing biological treatment on waste water and a step of performing membrane separation on water having been treated in the biological treatment step. The membrane separation step employs a plurality of filtration modules including a plurality of hollow fiber membranes arranged adjacent to one another and oriented in one direction and a pair of holding members fixing both ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a plurality of cleaning modules supplying air bubbles from beneath the filtration modules. An amount of treated water sucked by the filtration modules and an amount of air bubbles supplied by the cleaning modules are varied in response to variations in an inflow rate of the waste water in the biological treatment step.

Abstract: Uses of a method of producing small bubbles of gas in a liquid include gas transfer in airlift bioreactors and anaerobic digesters, and particle separation. The method uses a source of the gas under pressure, a conduit opening into a liquid and oscillating the gas passing along the conduit. The oscillation is effected by fluidic oscillator, comprising a diverter that divides the supply into respect outputs, each output being controlled by a control port, wherein the control ports are interconnected by a closed loop. Separation of algae from water involves delivering a laminar flow of microbubbles in the range 10 to 100 ?m diameter. Such bubbles also deliver a laminar flow in bioreactors that delivers enhanced liquid flow despite the small bubbles, which improves mixing and also enhances efficiency of gas exchange and retention of the bubbles in the reactor.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering fractions from an animal rendering process wastewater stream, wherein the fractions include one or more of fat, oil, grease, and protein derived from an animal source. To recover the fractions, the wastewater stream is processed to separate insoluble or immiscible contaminants as collected skimmings, and treating the collected skimmings with an effective amount of a nonionic demulsifying surfactant.

Abstract: An economical method for recovering phosphate or phosphate and nitrogen from liquid streams. A liquid containing phosphate is introduced into a culture of autotrophic microorganisms in the presence of natural or artificial light, thereby producing a liquid effluent with elevated pH and reduced alkalinity. The alkalinity is reduced through the consumption of bicarbonate/carbonate by the autotrophic microorganisms. The effluent is then chemically treated with low-cost chemicals to provide Ca++ or Mg++ ions necessary to form a phosphate precipitate such as calcium phosphate or magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). The autotrophic microorganisms can be cultivated in ponds, lagoons, or photobioreactors. The pH of the culture is adjustable within a preferred range of 7.5 to 10.5 by adjusting the photobioreactor operation.

Abstract: A method includes supplying a conjoined molten glass stream to an overflow distributor. A cross section of the conjoined molten glass stream includes a first cross sectional portion and a second cross sectional portion. The first cross sectional portion includes a first glass composition. The second cross sectional portion includes a second glass composition different than the first glass composition. The first glass composition is flowed over a first transverse segment of a weir of the overflow distributor. The second glass composition is flowed over a second transverse segment of the weir of the overflow distributor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for shaping glass structures, comprising a shaping mold; a magnetic field generator; and a susceptor plate positioned substantially between the shaping mold and the magnetic field generator. Also disclosed herein are systems for shaping a glass structures, comprising a magnetic field generator comprising at least one induction coil and a one power supply connected to the at least one induction coil; and a susceptor plate having a first surface proximate the at least one induction coil and an opposing second surface proximate the glass structure. Further disclosed herein are methods for heating glass structures, comprising positioning the glass structure on a shaping mold; introducing the shaping mold and glass structure into a furnace; and indirectly heating at least a portion of the glass structure using at least one induction heating source.

Abstract: A method includes contacting a second layer of a glass sheet with a forming surface to form a shaped glass article. The glass sheet includes a first layer adjacent to the second layer. The first layer includes a first glass composition. The second layer includes a second glass composition. An effective viscosity of the glass sheet during the contacting step is less than a viscosity of the second layer of the glass sheet during the contacting step. A shaped glass article includes a first layer including a first glass composition and a second layer including a second glass composition. A softening point of the first glass composition is less than a softening point of the second glass composition. An effective 108.2 P temperature of the glass article is at most about 900° C.

Abstract: A press station (12) and system (10) for forming glass sheets that are initially formed with an upwardly concave curved shape with end portions (86) and an intermediate portion (88) having straight line elements that are subsequently formed with curved shapes to provide curvature along transverse directions. The forming is performed by initially providing curvature to the straight line elements of the glass sheet end portions (86) while the intermediate portion (88) still has the straight line elements. The glass sheet intermediate portion is subsequently formed to provide curvature to its straight line elements so the entire glass sheet has curvature in transverse directions.

Abstract: A workpiece may be laser processed by a method that may include forming a contour line in the workpiece, and directing an infrared laser beam onto the workpiece along or near the contour line to separate the workpiece along the contour line. The contour line may include defects in the workpiece. The infrared laser beam may have a beam profile such that a greater distribution of cumulated energy from the infrared laser beam is located in areas adjacent to the contour line than directly on the contour line.

Abstract: An optical fiber base material manufacturing apparatus including a reaction chamber; a burner that has a portion thereof inserted into the reaction chamber through an insertion opening that creates a connection between the inside and outside of the reaction chamber, and emits a flame toward a starting member positioned within the reaction chamber; and a seal connection member that creates an air-tight seal between the burner and the reaction chamber at the insertion opening. One end of the seal connection member firmly contacts the burner inserted therethrough, another end of the seal connection member firmly contacts the reaction chamber and has a through-hole formed therein through which the burner is inserted without contacting the seal connection member, and the seal connection member includes a connecting portion that connects the one end to the other end, while preventing transfer of stress between the one end and the other end.

Abstract: A float glass sheet having a boron- and lithium-free glass composition comprising the following in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass: 65?SiO2?78% 5?Na2O?20% 1?K2O<8% 1?Al2O3<6% 2?CaO<10% 0?MgO?8%; K2O/(K2O+Na2O) ratio which is from 0.1 to 0.7; wherein the glass sheet has: 0.01 < ? ( Na 2 ? O ) air ( Na 2 ? O ) tin - 1.03 ? ? 3. The glass sheet may be a chemically-temperable soda-silica type glass composition suitable for mass production that shows reduced or controlled increased warping effect.

Abstract: Glass ceramics having SiO2 as main crystal phase and precursors thereof are described which are characterized by very good mechanical and optical properties and in particular can be used as restoration material in dentistry.