Abstract: The system to be installed on a vehicle to purify air using kinetic energy generated by movement of the vehicle is presented. The system comprises at least one kinetic air purifier structure which is an air conduit having a first particle collection chamber and a second particle separation chamber. Each chamber comprises at least one convex element that provides obstacle to the air flow to separate large particles from the air flow, at least one trapping element, such as cotton fabric, to trap smaller dirt particles, and at least one chamber orifice that allows access to the chambers for cleaning purpose. The system further comprises a micro-porous trapping element to trap micro particles. Due to separated and trapped particles at various chambers, the air is purified. The air purification is achieved by capturing the dirt particles instead of diminishing those.

Abstract: An apparatus for contaminant reduction in a stream of compressed gas is disclosed. The apparatus includes an insert for directing the gas. The insert sits in a head portion which has an inlet leading to an inlet pathway for directing the gas towards the insert. The head portion also has an outlet leading from an outlet pathway for directing the gas from the insert towards the outlet. There is also a body portion sealed to the head portion for collecting contaminants removed from the gas. The insert includes a tubular portion connected to the head portion. Gas from the inlet pathway passes outside the tubular portion while gas going to the outlet passes inside the tubular portion. The insert has a baffle extending from the tubular portion for narrowing the gap between the insert and the body portion and has curved walls extending from the baffle causing the stream of gas to rotate thereby form a vortex.

Abstract: A baffle plate filtering system is disclosed which is adapted to be operatively associated with an external housing wall of a piece of machinery or equipment, through which cooling air is to be ingested or inducted in order to cool internal operative components of the machinery or equipment, wherein the baffle plate filtering system will effectively prevent the ingestion or induction of ambient particulates, contaminants, grease, dirt, and the like into the internal regions of the machinery or equipment such that the operative components of the machinery or equipment do not become contaminated or fouled by means of the ambient particulates, contaminants, grease, dirt, and the like.

Abstract: Problem: The present invention allows a fiber sheet to be densely charged with electric charge and provides an electret fiber sheet that has excellent dust-collecting characteristics. Solution: The electret fiber sheet according to the present invention is an electret fiber sheet in which the relationship between a* and b* measured by a spectrophotometer when a red positive charge toner and a blue negative charge toner are attached to the sheet satisfies the expression: [12?{?(b*)?(a*)}Ave?50].

Abstract: An air cleaner is provided that may include a first air cleaning module having a first fan that generates air flow from a first suction inlet toward a first discharge outlet; a second air cleaning module having a second fan that generates air flow from a second suction inlet toward a second discharge outlet; a dividing plate provided between the first air cleaning module and the second air cleaning module; and a display provided at inside of the dividing plate and in which a light source is provided.

Abstract: A filter medium includes first and second porous films mainly containing fluororesin, and a pre-collection member upstream of the first film. The pre-collection member has a pressure drop when air is passed through at a flow rate of 5.3 cm/s of between 15 Pa and 55 Pa, a collection efficiency of NaCl particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 ?m when air containing the particles is passed through at a flow rate of 5.3 cm/s of between 25% and 80%, a thickness of 0.4 mm or less, and a PF value between 7 and 15. A ratio of the PF value of the pre-collection member to the PF value when the first and second films are overlapped, is between 0.20 and 0.45. The filter medium can be in a filter pack or filter unit, and produced by integrating the films and the pre-collection member using heat lamination.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to air filters expandable from a collapsed arrangement to an expanded, end-use arrangement and to methods of making, using, and installing such air filters. Some embodiments relate to an air filter having an expanded state and a collapsed state. The air filter includes a filter media assembly including (1) filter media including a plurality of pleats, (2) first and second opposing sides, and (3) first and second opposing ends. The air filter also includes a shape retention structure capable of being connected to at least a portion of the filter media assembly and capable of retention the filter media assembly in the expanded state. A spacing distance between adjacent pleats in the filter media is greater in the expanded state of the air filter than in the collapsed state of the air filter. In some embodiments, the air filter is an HVAC air filter.

Abstract: An exhaust unit includes a dirty air intake opening, a clean air output opening and an airflow path defined between the dirty air intake opening and the clean air output opening. The exhaust unit further includes an upstream quenching section and a downstream filtering section along the airflow path. The quenching section has a wetting chamber that includes a reservoir having a fill level for a quenching liquid, and a downtube connected over the dirty air intake opening and opening at its end above, and in opposition to, the plane of the fill level.

Abstract: A method for removing vapors generated by a processing device presenting reduced risk to human handlers includes placing a vapor removing device in a feed area of the processing device. The vapor removing device includes a connecting plate and at least one vapor removing element each connected to one surface of the connecting plate. The vapor removing device is lifted robotically from the feed area and placed into the processing device. Then, the vapor removing element directly removes vapors generated by the processing device when the processing device starts to work, the device being robotically taken out of the processing device and placed back in the feed area.

Abstract: A honeycomb rotor recovering and concentrating apparatus recovers a gas such as carbon dioxide from flue gases and the like and may be capable of utilizing low-temperature waste heat 100° C. or less. The proposed method involves sorbing carbon dioxide while vaporizing and cooling by contacting a water-insoluble carbon dioxide sorbing material (solid amines, etc.) having an acidic gas sorptive capacity with a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide in a wet state. Warm water is brought into contact with the water-insoluble carbon dioxide sorbing material sorbed with carbon dioxide to desorb high concentration of carbon dioxide. The warm water is separated from the water-insoluble carbon dioxide sorbent material desorbed from carbon dioxide. Then the apparatus is returned from the separation step to the sorption step. Thereby, it is possible to drastically increase the recovery rate and recovery concentration of acidic gas (carbon dioxide) continuously.

Abstract: Ionization systems configured with a catalyst-bearing sleeve provide improved filtration while filtering ozone. Modular configurations provide for serviceability and replaceability. System controls may be used to monitor particulates, temperature, humidity, and other relevant factors and adjust an ionization level accordingly.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and compositions for cleaning gas. The use of segmented multistage ammonia-based liquid spray with different oxidation potentials to remove sulfur compounds from gas. The use of different oxidation potentials may reduce unwanted ammonia slip.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for desulfurization of a sulfur-oxide containing gas by treatment with ammonia containing liquids. The apparatus and methods may utilize two distinct circuits of two different ammonia containing liquids which are applied in two distinct chambers. The gas may be cooled prior to entry into the circuits. There may be fluid communication between the two circulation circuits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams, includes introducing a to-be treated gas stream into a gas-solid reaction column, and introducing ferric chloride solid particles into the gas-solid reaction tower at the same time. The nitrogen oxides in the gas streams undergo gas-solid chemical adsorption reaction with the ferric chloride solid particles to form solid products and are removed, and thereby purifying the gas.

Abstract: The invention discloses a filter for removing mercury in high-purity gases or aerosol, including a cylindrical outer chamber, both ends of the cylindrical outer chamber are provided with an inlet air pipe and an outlet air pipe, multiple sets of stepped liners and gradually deformed jackets mounted mutually are provided together inside the outer chamber. A stepped liner is provided between two adjacent gradually deformed jackets; a 2-10 ?m gold-plated layer is provided on step surfaces of the stepped liners and step holes of the gradually deformed jackets, a gap channel is formed between step surfaces of stepped liners and step holes of gradually deformed jackets, the gap channel is communicated with the inlet air pipe and the outlet air pipe. The gold-plated layer absorbs mercury to form gold amalgam and remove the mercury, making it possible to analyze ultra-low-level Pb isotopes in minerals, which is unachievable in micro-area analysis.

Abstract: An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and the compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to osmotically driven membrane systems and processes and more particularly to systems and processes for handling feed streams without pretreatment and increased brine concentration for zero liquid discharge, including forward osmosis separation (FO), direct osmotic concentration (DOC), pressure-assisted forward osmosis (PAFO), and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). The system includes: a plurality of forward osmosis units, each having a semi-permeable membrane assembly and a tank; and a separation system in fluid communication with the plurality of forward osmosis units and configured to separate the dilute draw solution into the concentrated draw solution and a solvent system.

Abstract: A membrane filter for filtering a liquid to be filtered, the membrane filter including at least one membrane carrier to which membranes are fixed, the membranes allowing a liquid permeate to be filtered out of the liquid, and the membrane carrier includes a permeate collecting chamber to which the membranes are connected in an open manner on the permeate side, and also comprises a permeate outlet for the discharge of the permeate out of the permeate collecting chamber; a gas distribution system which is arranged below the at least one membrane carrier and which has at least one downwardly open and upwardly closed tub which has a wall with downwardly open vertical slots for the distribution of a gas into the liquid to be filtered, at least one gas inlet leading into the gas distribution system. The invention also relates to a method for filtering a liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for forming asymmetric membranes. More specifically, methods are provided for applying a polymerizable species to a porous substrate for forming a coated porous substrate. The coated porous substrate is exposed to an ultraviolet radiation source having a peak emission wavelength less than 340 nm to polymerize the polymerizable species forming a polymerized material retained within the porous substrate so that the concentration of polymerized material is greater at the first major surface than at the second major surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a porous support-zeolite membrane composite, which comprises forming a CHA type zeolite membrane on a porous support by a hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of seed crystals, wherein an FAU type zeolite is used as the seed crystals.

Abstract: Provided is a vinylidene fluoride porous hollow fiber membrane excellent in fouling resistance due to reduced organic substance absorbance, preferably having preferable pore structures to enable to have high permeability, high fractionation performance, and good process controllability. The membrane includes a vinylidene fluoride resin and 0.5 to 10% by weight of a hydrophilic resin, having a ratio Pi/Po of 2.5 to 50 where Pi and Po denote an average pore size on inner surface and an average pore size on outer surface, respectively, and having a pure water permeation rate satisfying the following formula: (FLUXd/FLUXw)×100?40.0 wherein FLUXd represents a pure water permeation rate (L/m2/hr/98 kPa) of the hollow fiber membrane in a dry state, and FLUXw represents a pure water permeation rate (L/m2/hr/98 kPa) of the hollow fiber membrane in a wet state.

Abstract: A drink dispenser with detachable fizz infuser including drink bottle, characterized by and comprising a base, a main body, a main body support, a top cap, an exiting gas driving device, a gas exiting device, a gas transfer device, a gas inlet device, and a CO2 cylinder. The compartment for the CO2 cylinder in the said main body has an inlet and an outlet as well as a side cap that is connected to the main body and pin-jointed with the inlet and the outlet. With this structure, the gas exiting device can be activated simply by pressing the exiting gas driving device. Gas flows from the CO2 cylinder, enters the gas transfer device and the gas inlet device, and ends up in the drink bottle. The operation is simple and easy. The configuration of the safety device eliminates potential safety hazards and ensures safety by preventing the drink bottles from being over-pressurized. Provision of the side cap facilitates convenient replacement of the CO2 cylinder.

Abstract: A mixing unit for ready-to-use flushing solutions with a mixing chamber, with which conduits for ultrapure water and for concentrate communicate, in order to form a ready-to use flushing solution therein is characterized in that the concentrate is filled into a concentrate bag, which is provided with a concentrate bag connector, which is connectable to a connector on the mixing unit, that the connector on the mixing unit is covered by a pivotal concentrate valve in its closed state so that a sealed flushing space is defined around the connector and that a flushing liquid conduit communicates with the connector on the mixing unit so that flushing liquid is conveyable into the flushing space, which can completely clean the connector internally and externally.

Abstract: A flow control device for mitigating thermal stratification in a mixing tee pipe includes a mixing bowl provided as an empty sphere; a main pipe having a tubular shape, through which a fluid flows, and coupled to the mixing bowl in linkage with the mixing bowl; a branch pipe having a tubular shape, through which a fluid flows, and coupled to the mixing bowl in linkage with the mixing bowl; and a mixing tee pipe having a tubular shape, through which the fluid in the mixing bowl flows, and coupled to the mixing bowl in linkage with the mixing bowl, wherein a fluid introduced from the main pipe and a fluid introduced from the branch pipe are mixed in the mixing bowl and discharged through the mixing tee pipe.

Abstract: A system structure of an impeller for a dispersion-emulsion apparatus based on dual rotor is provided. This system includes an impeller unit in which an impeller constituted by a first rotor and a second rotor is configured in multi stages, in which the first rotor and the second rotor are driven in reverse rotational states to each other by driving motors of the respective rotors and respective target materials to be mixed sequentially pass between the multi-stage impeller units at once by a one-pass method, and as a result, a total working time for processing of dispersion-emulsion is significantly shortened, uniformity of a particle size is enhanced by micro shearing (cutting) of the respective mixed materials.

Abstract: A system and process for defining, blending and monitoring fresh water with subterranean produced formation fluids, with particular constituents of the blended waters being controlled for proper use in gel-type hydraulic fracturing operations. On-site measurements and calculations of clay stabilization replacement, through a Potassium Chloride (KCl) Equivalency calculation, provide feedback on water constituent adjustments that may be needed just prior to the gel-based hydraulic fracturing process. This assures adequate gel cross-linking times, delayed gel cross-linking times, and clay stabilization in the formation to be fractured.

Abstract: A diluted solution production method of the present invention is a diluted solution production method of producing a diluted solution of a second liquid by adding the second liquid to a first liquid, the method including feeding the first liquid to a first pipe; and controlling pressure in a tank that stores the second liquid to add, through the second pipe that connects the tank to the first pipe, the second liquid to the first liquid in the first pipe. Adding the second liquid includes measuring a flow rate of the first liquid or the diluted solution that flows through the first pipe; measuring a component concentration of the diluted solution; and controlling the pressure in the tank, based on the measured values of the flow rate and the component concentration, so as to adjust the component concentration of the diluted solution to a specified value.

Abstract: A process for drying resinous materials, comprising: delivering, by way of a plurality of resin channels, resin fluid comprising polymer and solvent into at least first and second steam channels (101) having within a flow of steam, the first and second steam channels (101) each receiving resin fluid from a plurality of resin channels, the first and second steam channels each (101) being received by a stage 1 manifold (121), the steam and resin being delivered under conditions so as to separate at least some of the solvent from the resin fluid; and collecting at least some of the polymer from the resin fluid.

Abstract: Catalytic chemical reactor comprising a perforated wall (6) adjacent to a supporting wall of the reactor or of a catalytic cartridge contained in the reactor, wherein said perforated wall comprises a plurality of panels (7) and comprises first sectors (9) resting on the supporting wall and second sectors (10) spaced from said supporting wall defining a cavity (11), and wherein means are provided for local securing said gas-permeable wall to said supporting wall, said securing means comprising: a plurality of support elements (13) fixed to the supporting wall (4) and passing through respective openings (15) of the first sectors (9) of the gas-permeable wall and a respective plurality of locking elements (14) which can be associated with the said support elements, the panels of the gas-permeable wall being gripped between said supporting wall and said locking elements.

Abstract: A scallop, center pipe, and outer basket for use in a radial flow reactor are provided. Each of the scallop, the center pipe, and the outer basket is formed of an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end, and a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof. A diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow radially out through the plurality of openings on the scallop or outer basket, or to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly into the center pipe through the plurality of openings. A system utilizing the center pipe together with either the scallop or the outer basket is also provided.

Abstract: Vessel and support beam assembly includes a vessel having a cylindrical wall defining an interior chamber having a generally circular shape of diameter D in plan view, and a support assembly disposed within the interior chamber. The support assembly includes an inner hub defining an open central region, and a plurality of spokes extending radially from the inner hub. Each spoke is aligned radially with the cylindrical wall of the vessel and joined thereto. At least one open outer region is defined between circumferentially adjacent spokes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an ampholyte copolymer as a colloidal stabilizer in the preparation of aminoplast core-shell microcapsules containing an active material, wherein the ampholyte copolymer comprises: 2 to 99 mol % of cationic monomer having at least one quaternary ammonium group, 1 to 98 mol % of acrylic based monomer, 0 to 97 mol % of non-ionic monomer, and wherein the ampholyte copolymer has more cationic charges than anionic charges, wherein the cationic charges of the ampholyte copolymer are exclusively due to the at least one quaternary ammonium group of the cationic monomer.

Abstract: A mixing reactor (1), the reactor comprising a body (2) having a first inlet (3), a second inlet (5) and an outlet (4), in which there is an inner passage (6) through the body (2) from the first inlet (3) at a first end (12) of the body (2) to the outlet (4) at a second end of the body (2) along a length of the body (2), the inner passage (6) having a side wall (17) along the length, and an outer passage (7) closer to a surface (14) of the body (2) than the inner passage (6), the outer passage (7) running from the second inlet (5) at the second end, travelling through the body (2) along the length and meeting the inner passage (6) at a junction (11) at the first end, the outer passage (7) joining the inner passage (6) through the side wall (17) at the junction (11). Such a mixing reactor can be used for producing particles such as nanoparticles or Metal-Organic frameworks.

Abstract: This invention relates to a production method for non-detonation synthesis nanodiamond by exposing carbonaceous feedstock to a dense plasma focus. The nucleated nanodiamond particles have characteristics that differentiate them from known forms of nanodiamond. For instance, the nucleated nanodiamond particles are substantially spherical and have a substantially smooth surface, as may be demonstrated by TEM. The nucleated nanodiamond particles are also free of graphite and detonation carbon contaminants. The identity of the nanodiamond particles has been confirmed through raman spectra, for example. The nanodiamond particles have also been found to be effective as a lubricant composition when combined with a carrier oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for electrochemical metal or other positive ion removal from polycrystalline diamond (PCD), such as PCD used in earth-boring drill bits. PCD used in the systems and methods described herein has an electrical conductivity-enhanced region.

Abstract: A substrate includes a double-network polymer system including a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, partially ionicly-bonded polymer, wherein the substrate has a moisture level less than or equal to 15 percent of the total weight of the substrate, wherein the substrate is porous, and wherein the substrate includes a latent retractive force. A method for manufacturing a substrate includes producing a double-network hydrogel including a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, ionicly-bonded polymer; elongating by force the double-network hydrogel in at least one direction; treating the double-network hydrogel with an organic solvent with a volatile and water-miscible organic solvent to replace a majority of water within the double-network hydrogel; evaporating the organic solvent while the double-network hydrogel is still elongated to form a substantially-dried double-network polymer system; and releasing the force to produce the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst coated body which can realize a sufficient photocatalytic activity and adhesiveness with a substrate, without significantly impairing an appearance of a substrate, especially an exterior building material. The photocatalyst coated body has a structure including a substrate, an intermediate layer formed on the substrate, and a photocatalyst layer formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes inorganic oxide particles having an average particle diameter of nanosize. The photocatalyst layer includes photocatalyst particles having an average particle diameter of more than 0 ?m to less than 10 ?m and inorganic oxide particles having an average particle diameter of nanosize. A sum of a film thickness of the intermediate layer and a film thickness of the photocatalyst layer is 0.3 ?m or more to 1.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating composition suitable for use in forming a coating that can reduce a concentration of pollutant gases in the environment. The coating composition includes from 0.01 to 10 vol.-% of mesoporous titania particles, relative to a total volume of the coating composition, and from 5 to 99.99 vol.-% of a polymeric material, relative to the total volume of the coating composition. The mesoporous titania particles have a continuous exterior convex surface, a particle diameter of ?1 ?m but ? to 50 ?m, a BET specific surface area of from 30 to 350 m2/g, a modal pore diameter of ?5 nm but ?50 nm, and a pore size distribution so that 85% or more of a total pore volume is associated with pores having a diameter of 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a special device for fast mixing and precipitation reactions of chemical substances. In particular, the present invention presents a reactor which allows an extremely fast mixing of at least two liquid streams containing highly concentrated dissolved materials from which solid metal compound particles are formed when at least two reactant streams meet, to which optionally a further stream, advantageously containing a dispersion or suspension, may be added.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes depositing oxide nanoparticles on a nanoporous gold support to form an active structure and functionalizing the deposited oxide nanoparticles. In another embodiment, a system includes a nanoporous gold structure comprising a plurality of ligaments, and a plurality of oxide particles deposited on the nanoporous gold structure; the oxide particles are characterized by a crystalline phase.

Abstract: The invention discloses a binder-free high strength and low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: (a) 60-85% Fe2O3; (b) 3-25% K2O; (c) 0.1-5% MoO3; (d) 3-20% CeO2; (e) 0.1-5% CaO; (f) 0.1-5% Na2O; (g) 0.1-5% MnO2, wherein the weight ratio of sodium oxide to manganese dioxide is 0.1-10, and no binder is added during the preparation of the catalyst. The low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst provided by the present invention contains no binder and maintains high strength, and has high activity and stability at low steam-to-oil ratio.

Abstract: This present disclosure is directed to methods for the preparation of a hydrotreatment catalyst, such as nanoscale nickel phosphide (i.e., Ni2P) particles supported on high-surface area metal oxides (e.g., silica, alumina, amorphous silica-alumina), in a manner that is compatible with conditions employed in commercial hydrotreating units. The catalyst synthesis includes impregnation, drying, and in situ reduction, and can provide highly active catalysts for the removal of S and N impurities from crude oil fractions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrogen spillover-based catalyst and use thereof, wherein a hydrogen activation metal cluster is dispersed in the form of being encapsulated in a crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicate matrix which is partially or fully structurally collapsed zeolite, thereby exhibiting high hydroprocessing or dehydrogenation activity and suppressed C—C hydrogenolysis activity.

Abstract: A catalyst for converting dimethyl ether into light olefins, including ethylene and propylene. The catalyst comprises a mixture of two zeolites, ZSM-5 and ZSM-35, intimately mixed and kept in close proximity in a porous extruded binder system. The resulting combination of zeolites demonstrates a synergistic effect with respect to the conversion of the dimethyl ether and has improved resistance to deactivation due to carbon and coke formation than the individual zeolites alone when operating in this reaction. The catalyst is used to produce ethylene and propylene from a feed mixture containing methanol, dimethyl ether and water.

Abstract: A polymeric composition includes an organic polymeric substrate and metal-organic frameworks on the surface of the polymeric substrate. The metal-organic frameworks cover at least 90% of the surface area of the polymeric substrate.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a method for the conversion of nitrous acid to dinitrogen gas. In particular, the present application relates to a method for the conversion of nitrous acid to dinitrogen gas by contacting the nitrous acid with an amine-functionalized metal organic framework.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrogenating a substrate including a carbon-heteroatom double bond, the process including the step of reacting the substrate with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst is a complex of formula (I): R1-10, A and Hal are as defined in the specification. The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of the complex of formula (I) and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal complex compound which are prepared in the form of a metal nanostructure having various stereo structures and thus can be used as a catalyst or the like having an excellent activity in preparing a polyalkylene carbonate resin and the like, and a metal nanostructure and a catalyst composition comprising the same. The metal complex compound comprises a plurality of linear inorganic coordination polymer chains having a form in which an oxalic acid is coordinated and linked to a transition metal and the plurality of polymer chains are linked to each other via a predetermined neutral ligand.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for water-splitting reaction that is capable of increasing conductive path between a photocatalyst layer and a current collecting layer without inhibiting light absorption by photocatalyst, which comprises: a photocatalyst layer 10; a current collecting layer 30; and a contact layer 20 that contains semiconductor or good conductor and is provided between the photocatalyst layer 10 and the current collecting layer 30, wherein the contact layer 20 is provided along the surface shape of the photocatalyst layer 10 at the current collecting layer 30 side of the photocatalyst layer 10.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts comprising MoVNbTeO having improved consistency of composition and a 25% conversion of ethylene at less than 420° C. and a selectivity to ethylene above 95% are prepared by treating the catalyst precursor with H2O2 in an amount equivalent to 0.30-2.8 mL H2O2 of a 30% solution per gram of catalyst precursor prior to calcining and treating the resulting catalyst with the equivalent amount of peroxide after calcining.