Abstract: The invention relates to a device and to a method for storing and transporting a bodily fluid sample, comprising a support element (2), which forms a main body. At least one sorption element (3), which has a defined filling volume and is suitable for receiving a drop of the bodily fluid, and an overflow reservoir (4), which is adjacent to the sorption element (3) and which receives the bodily fluid from the sorption element (3) as soon as the filling volume of the sorption element (3) is filled, are fastened to the support element. The technical solution according to the invention is characterized in that at least one predetermined breaking point (5) is provided, which is designed in such a way that the sorption element (3) can be manually detached from the support element (1) and/or from the overflow reservoir (4) without an auxiliary tool.

Abstract: A flow cell including inlet and outlet ports in fluid communication with each other through a flow channel that extends therebetween. The flow channel includes a diffuser region and a field region that is located downstream from the diffuser region. The field region of the flow channel directs fluid along reaction sites where desired reactions occur. The fluid flows through the diffuser region in a first flow direction and through the field region in a second flow direction. The first and second flow directions being substantially perpendicular.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a microfluidic system comprising a microfluidic chip and a method of performing a chemical assay wherein a sample is processed into multiple daughter droplets and said daughter droplets are incubated with varying reagents. The properties of these droplets can be detected to provide assay data.

Abstract: The invention provides a micro-droplet array formation apparatus. The apparatus includes a first plate configured for delivering and/or extracting fluids, a second plate aligned to the first plate and configured for preparing the fluid and a third plate removably aligned to the second plate and is configured for forming a micro-droplet array of the prepared fluid.

Abstract: A microfluidic transport system for transporting microdroplets in three spatial dimensions among layers of a layered microfluidic system. In an example arrangement, a first microfluidic layer for transporting microdroplets in two spatial dimensions responsive to electric fields created by electrical operation of electrodes is fluidically connected by one or more conduits to other microfluidic layers. Microdroplets can be transported through the one or more conduits so as to be moved among a plurality of layered microfluidic arrangements. The resulting layered system can be used for heat transfer, fluidic transfer, and other uses, and can be implemented using materials such as metal, glass, polymer, plastic, layered materials, fibrous materials, etc. In some applications the layered system can be implemented within a printed circuit board, integrated circuit housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cartridge housing for forming a cartridge capable of measuring an analyte or property of a liquid sample. The housing including a top portion having a first substantially rigid zone and a substantially flexible zone, a bottom portion separate from the top portion including a second substantially rigid zone, and at least one sensor recess containing a sensor. The top portion and the bottom portion are bonded to form the cartridge having a conduit over at least a portion of the sensor. The invention also relates to methods for forming such cartridges and to various features of such cartridges.

Abstract: A reagent preparation assembly includes a body and a reaction chamber adjacent the body, the reaction chamber includes a reagent therein, such as a lyophilized reagent. An access port extends into the reaction chamber, and the access port is configured to receive an instrument. A seal extends across a portion of the reaction chamber and the access port. A reconstitution assembly is movably coupled with the body. The reconstitution assembly includes a plunger, a syringe and a piston. The plunger is movably coupled with the body. The syringe is selectively engaged with the plunger. The syringe includes a solution reservoir containing a solution, and movement of the syringe pierces the seal. The piston is selectively engaged with the plunger, and the piston is movably coupled within the syringe. Movement of the piston pushes the solution into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reagent cartridge configured for use in an automated multi-module cell processing environment.

Abstract: The present invention is an article or device to facilitate the heating of rounded vessels and other rounded objects comprising a plurality of nested, concentric hollow cylinders each having respective upper edges and inner sides and adapted to be arranged and fixed in at least two configurations such that the upper edges and inner sides of the hollow cylinders form at least two bowl-shaped contours. Also included is a device for taking the impetus of a first rotating magnetic field to create the impetus of a second rotating magnetic field at some distance from the first rotating magnetic field, in order for the impetus of second magnetic field to stir the contents of a vessel by means of a magnet placed in the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermocycler comprising: a rotatable platform having a plurality of reaction wells or being adapted to receive a plurality of reaction containers, wherein the rotatable platform and/or the reaction wells are formed, at least in part, of a material which is adapted to be inductively heated by exposure to electromagnetic energy. An electromagnetic energy source is provided and is configured to direct electromagnetic energy at the rotatable platform, wherein the electromagnetic energy source surrounds a sufficient amount of the rotatable platform in order to heat the entire platform substantially simultaneously. In preferred embodiments, the electromagnetic energy source completely surrounds the rotatable platform. The invention further comprises a method of cycling a reaction mixture between predetermined temperatures utilising the novel thermocycler apparatus of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature control system for a microfluidic device. The system allows for non-contact heating by employing an infrared emitter. In some instances, the system can be used in conjunction with a centrifugal microfluidic device. Optionally, a mask can be implemented to provide selective heating of desired assay areas of the device.

Abstract: An apparatus and continuous process for making milled solid in liquid dispersions comprises several steps: 1) Forming a pre-mill mixture of pre-mix, milling media, and previously milled dispersion. 2) Milling the pre-mill mixture to form a milled mixture of milling media and milled dispersion. 3) Separating a portion of the milled dispersion, which is substantially free of milling media, from the milled mixture. 4) Recycling the un-separated mixture by adding additional pre-mix to form the pre-mill mixture to create a continuous milling process. The pre-mix comprises a liquid and a solid. The process is a continuous process and the milling media is recycled through the milling step. Much of the milled dispersion is also cycled through the milling step several times and only a portion of the milled dispersion, which is substantially free of milling media, is removed as the milled dispersion product.

Abstract: Machines and methods adapted to process, for example, to reduce the size of, disperse, or homogenize, a variety of materials and compositions. Such methods and machines are capable of reducing the size of a material and dispersing the material in a liquid by cutting the material with knives located along a perimeter of an annular-shaped cutting head, causing the cut material to flow radially outward from the cutting head through gaps between the knives, and flowing a liquid through passages in the cutting head that cause the liquid to cascade around the knives of the cutting head in an axial direction of the cutting head.

Abstract: An exemplary crushing machine has a crusher for crushing media into crushed media, a reciprocating conveyor having a tray for receiving crushed media from the crusher, and a belt conveyor for receiving crushed media from the reciprocating conveyor and conveying the crushed media to a desired location. The reciprocating conveyor optionally includes a conveyor scraper that has a blade having a plurality of teeth extending to the tray, a blade support disposed proximate and transverse the tray of the conveyor, a hingeable connection attaching the blade to the blade support, at least one guide slideably supporting the blade support, and at least one actuator for actuating the scraper. Movement of the conveyor scraper across the tray prevents crushed media from sticking to the tray of the conveyor.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling a comminution process having a grinding circuit, includes an imaging system measuring 3D reconstruction measurement data for three-dimensional reconstruction of incoming ore; a particle size analysis equipment measuring particle size data for calculation of the particle size characteristic value of outgoing ore; an ore characteristics data calculation block receiving a particle size distribution profile of incoming ore and a particle size characteristic value of the outgoing ore, the particle size distribution profile being calculated and/or reconstructed from the 3D reconstruction measurement data for three-dimensional reconstruction, and the particle size characteristic value being calculated based on the measured particle size data, the ore characteristics data calculation block calculating ore characteristics data based on the particle size distribution profile and the particle size characteristic value; and a control block controlling the grinding circuit based on the calcu

Abstract: In at least one illustrative embodiment, an electromagnetic filter may include a transfer pipe and multiple electromagnetic filter elements positioned in an interior volume of the pipe. Each electromagnetic filter element includes a support comb, a solenoid coupled to the support comb, and multiple magnetic members arranged in a planar array positioned within an opening of the support comb. Each magnetic member may rotate about an end that is coupled to the support comb. The magnetic members may be magnetostrictive sensors and may include a biorecognition element to bind with a target microorganism. A method for fluid filtration includes coupling the electromagnetic filter between a fluid source and a fluid destination, energizing the solenoids of each electromagnetic filter elements, and flowing a fluid media through the transfer pipe of the electromagnetic filter. The fluid media may be liquid food such as fruit juice. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A separation rotor having an outer wall defining a separation chamber and an inner annular wall dividing the separation chamber into an inner annular space and an outer annular space. The separation rotor can be rotated to move heavier and/or denser components of the multi-component fluid into the outer annular space. The lighter and/or less dense components of the multi-component fluid can be retained within the inner annular space. The inner annular space and the outer annular space separation rotor can be selectively accessed to withdraw the components retained within the inner annular space and the outer annular spaces.

Abstract: A two-stage dust-air separation structure includes a cyclone separator and a spiral dust-air separation device. A first stage separation of dust from air is realized by a cyclone housing, and by arranging a second-stage cyclone barrel 5 inside the cyclone housing and arranging the spiral dust-air separation device at a barrel opening of the second-stage cyclone barrel, the dusty air, after going through the first stage separation, is guided by the spiral dust-air separation device to form, on an inner wall of the second-stage cyclone barrel, an airflow rotating towards the barrel bottom, and the dust in the airflow is driven by a centrifugal force to rotate downwardly to the barrel bottom and be collected in a second-stage dust collecting space, and the air in the rotating airflow is extracted by the negative pressure, thereby realizing a second stage separation of dust from air.

Abstract: A dispensing closure for a squeeze-type container produces a fan-type spray in a low pressure environment. The dispensing closure includes a closure body having an upper deck and a skirt depending from the upper deck. The skirt is configured and arranged to attach to a product container, such as a squeeze-type container. A flow conduit extends from an interior of the closure body and through the upper deck to provide a flow path from an interior of the closure to an exterior of the closure. The flow conduit has an entrance orifice and an exit orifice. The flow conduit has an inner wall extending between the entrance orifice and the exit orifice. The flow conduit and the closure body are integrally formed. The flow conduit includes a tip portion with an exit orifice defining a shape to provide a fan-type spray in a low pressure environment.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a nozzle that includes casting and curing a first material using a patterned nip roller to form a first microstructured pattern of discrete microstructures, deforming at least one of the discrete microstructures; replicating the first microstructured pattern, including the at least one deformed discrete microstructure, in a second material different than the first material to make a replicated structure comprising a plurality of blind holes formed in the second material, removing second material of the replicated structure to expose tops of microstructures in the first microstructured pattern, and removing the first material from the replicated structure, resulting in a nozzle having a plurality of through-holes in the second material and corresponding to the first microstructured pattern.

Abstract: The micro stream emitter include a body having two different geometries water outlet ports providing downward stream into the soil wetting the root zone and with the second geometries water outlet wetting the surrounding plants area. The internal passage of the emitter shown a the lower passage supplying water to the lower ports that actually uses top wall with a annular depression, forming a diaphragm enabling the water to reflex into the lower port outlets. Similar to the internal lower passage the upper passage with includes a smaller diameter passage uses top wall with an annular depression, forming a diaphragm enabling the water to reflex into the upper port outlets.

Abstract: A remote switch combination shower head includes a first shower head, a second shower head and a switch mechanism, wherein further comprising a fixing seat assembled to a support arm, the fixing seat is disposed with an inlet waterway connected to the support arm, a first diversion waterway and a second diversion waterway; the first shower head is assembled to the fixing seat and is capable of connecting to the first diversion waterway; the second shower head is a hand shower head connected to the second diversion waterway by a flexible pipe; the switch mechanism comprises a switch component and an operation component, the switch component is disposed to the fixing seat and is coupled to the inlet waterway, the first diversion waterway and the second diversion waterway, so that the waterways are switched by the movement of the switch component.

Abstract: An impact nozzle that atomizes fuel and minimizes liquefication at a supercharger intake manifold comprises a body defining an enclosed channel having proximal and distal ends, a means for attaching a jet to the proximal end, and a pedestal spanning the distal end. An impact pin extending proximally from the pedestal is spaced distally from the distal end of the channel. The impact pin may be mounted to a central longitudinal member having four contoured sides each having a maximum thickness at its distal end and a minimum thickness at its proximal end, the minimum thickness occurring along one of four straight edges that define a rectangular end of the central longitudinal member to which the impact pin is attached, and each border between any two contoured sides forming a sharp contoured edge for evenly dispersing atomized fuel.

Abstract: An outlet device providing fan-shaped pulsating water particles includes a water inlet portion that has at least two inlet holes that are uniformly rotatably symmetrically arranged; and an outlet portion having a single outlet hole such that a vertical projection of the single outlet hole onto a horizontal plane of the water inlet portion partially coincides with one inlet hole of the at least two inlet holes and forms a flow down area and water vertically flows from an overlapping portion of the one inlet hole to a coinciding overlapped portion of the single outlet hole without changing flow direction as flow down water while water tangentially flowing from the one inlet hole toward a non-coinciding portion of the single outlet hole rotates as rotating water and impacts the flow down water to form water particles. A shower head including the outlet device is additionally provided.

Abstract: A foamed bitumen dispensing device may include a body having a chamber and a bore fluidly connected to the chamber. The chamber may include an inlet for receiving bitumen. The foamed bitumen dispensing device may further include a valve fluidly connected to the bore. The valve may have a movable valve member including an opening for dispensing bitumen. The foamed bitumen dispensing device may also include a plunger configured to extend through the opening in the valve member.

Abstract: Spraying apparatus 10 includes: inner lid 13; outer lid 14; and gas-liquid mixing section 15 between inner lid 13 and outer lid 14, wherein a liquid is introduced into gas-liquid mixing section 15 from a position upstream and proximate outer lid plate 14a of outer lid 14, and a gas is introduced into gas-liquid mixing section 15 from an opposite position, the liquid is atomized in gas-liquid mixing section 15 by the liquid impinging with the gas and transforming into a gas-liquid mixed fluid, and advancing to spouting portion 16 as the gas-liquid mixed fluid is circulated along outer lid plate 14a of outer lid 14 in gas-liquid mixing section 15.

Abstract: A powder-dispensing device in the form of a dense-phase powder pump or of a powder injector is provided to deliver coating powder from a powder reservoir to a powder-spraying device. To make the spray coating operation easier for the customer and to be able to make it more cost-effective, without having to compromise on good coating quality and good coating efficiency, a control device is integrated in the powder-dispensing device or is connected, in particular directly, to the powder-dispensing device and is designed to establish at least one parameter that is characteristic of a spray coating procedure carried out with the powder-coating device.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system for dispensing fluid can include a dispenser, such as a trigger engine-type dispenser, configured to draw fluid up from a container. A nozzle assembly can include a nozzle, and a nozzle slide. The nozzle slide can be configured to slide and/or rotate relative to the shroud to provide different dispensing modes. In alternative examples, the nozzle can be configured to rotate in 30 degree increments relative to the shroud to provide the different dispensing modes or the nozzle assembly can include a nozzle extension, and the nozzle extension can be configured to rotate relative to the shroud to provide different dispensing patterns out of the nozzle. In another example a first nozzle can be configured to provide one or more dispensing modes, and a second nozzle can be configured to provide a different dispensing mode than the first nozzle. Methods of dispensing fluids and methods of assembling fluid dispensers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Suction device for a liquid product present in a dispenser has a container 6 provided with means for sampling the product 7. The device is developed about a central axis X and has a centralised product suction channel 8 coaxial to the central axis X and having an inlet 14 and an outlet; and annular suction means connected to the inlet 14 of the centralised suction channel 8.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for a sprayer nozzle support to a pump mechanism of a trigger sprayer assembly. The sprayer nozzle support generally comprises a tower portion and a first and second side protrusions. The tower portion is configured to convey stability to the pump mechanism when a screw cap of the trigger sprayer assembly is screwed onto a neck of a container. A top of the tower portion is configured to support the pump mechanism and a bottom of the tower portion is configured to contact the screw cap. The first and second side protrusions provide structures whereby the sprayer nozzle support may be removed from the trigger sprayer assembly. A curved proximal surface of the tower portion and the first and second side protrusions facilitates an unobstructed grasping of the trigger sprayer assembly in a hand.

Abstract: A trigger-type liquid dispenser, in which an upright and inverted dual unit includes a joint member, a pipe holding member, and a valve body. The joint member includes a through hole, which may be closed by the valve body, a valve-body-holding wall portion, which accommodates the valve body above the through hole in a manner such that the valve body is displaceable upward and downward, and an opening portion, which is formed in the valve-body-holding wall portion. In the inverted position, the upright and inverted dual unit permits content liquid contained in a container to be supplied to the dispenser main body by passing content liquid through a flow path from opening portion, through the hole, to the flow path defined between the joint member and pipe holding member sequentially. The valve body is inserted through the opening portion to be accommodated in the valve-body-holding wall portion.

Abstract: A system for treating a surface of a structure includes a wheeled vehicle that is movable along a surface and includes at least one spray head attached to a vertically movable carriage.

Abstract: A powder coating booth includes booth walls and a roof which can be lowered between the booth walls, wherein a gap is provided between the roof and the booth walls. The roof has compressed air nozzles for spraying the booth walls. In addition, a supporting device is provided, which supports the roof. In at least one of the booth walls a vertical slot is provided through which the supporting device protrudes into the booth and in which the supporting device is movable. In addition, the booth includes a bottom (19) with a suction, which is connectable with the suction inlet of a cyclone separator via a suction pipe.

Abstract: A spray nozzle body has an upper end provided with a clamp arrangement comprising upper and lower clamp halves tightly clamped onto a fluid supply tube having a preselected first diameter. A removable tubular fluid delivery stem is received in a receiver hole extending vertically into the nozzle body from a clamping surface of the lower clamp half and has an upper end portion tightly received in a fluid outlet hole, of preselected size, provided in the supply tube. The clamp arrangement may be reconfigured for being clamped onto a smaller fluid supply tube by providing a replacement upper clamp half and a pipe-size adapter, each having appropriately sized clamping surfaces, with the adapter being seated within the clamping surface of the lower clamp half. The pipe-size adapter incorporates a suitably dimensioned fluid delivery stem.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading and unloading a brush to and from a brush-arm assembly of an end-effector is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a base and a carriage, which is movable along an axis at least to a first position, a second position, or a third position relative to the base. The carriage comprises a brush receptacle, configured to prevent movement of the brush in a first direction, but not in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, when the brush is placed in the brush receptacle. The apparatus also comprises a stationary component, fixed relative to the base and configured to prevent movement of the brush-arm assembly in the second direction. Additionally, the apparatus comprises a linear actuator, configured to move the carriage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board having a structure for preventing coating liquid overflow. In the printed circuit board on which an electronic component is mounted and in which a connection hole for joining the electronic component and another component to each other is formed, a land region to which lead may be applied is formed adjacent to the connection hole.

Abstract: An ergonomic glue pen employs a spring-loaded advancing assembly for advancing a glue stick toward a heater. When the proper temperature is reached, a trigger is depressed to dispense glue through a forward nozzle. In some embodiments, the nozzle changes color when the proper temperature is obtained. A button at the side of the glue pen is manually displaceable by the user. The glue stick is loaded at the rear of the glue pen via a one-way collet. The trigger preferably interacts with the advancing assembly via a spring-loaded ratchet mechanism.

Abstract: A mask for masking a component at an annular boundary comprises a wall (90, 92) having an inner first rim portion having a first inner diameter (D1) and an outward rebate (140) adjacent the first rim portion.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment of this disclosure relates to a transfer molding assembly including a chamber, a die within the chamber, a first gas control device configured to provide a first gas into the chamber, and a second gas control device configured to provide a second gas into the die.

Abstract: A curing apparatus and a curing method are provided. The curing apparatus comprises: a chamber, configured for accommodating a substrate provided with a polyimide adhesive; an air extracting unit, configured for evacuating the chamber; and a heating unit, configured for performing a first heating on the substrate in the case that a first predetermined pressure is reached in the chamber during a evacuating process of the air extracting unit so as to remove organic gases from the polyimide adhesive, and performing a second heating on the substrate after the first heating so as to cure the polyimide adhesive.

Abstract: A coated board of wood-based material and a method for coating a board of wood-based material, wherein the board of wood-based material is in particular a wall panel or floor panel or is intended for producing such a panel, comprising a front side and a rear side, wherein at least the surface of the front side is provided with a polymer coating and wherein the polymer coating has a hardness gradient, so that the hardness of the polymer layer decreases with increasing depth from the surface.

Abstract: A vibration actuator having a stationary element; a movable element that is supported elastically so as to enable vibration on the stationary element; and a driving source for causing reciprocating vibration of the movable element in relation to the stationary element, wherein: the movable element comprises an opposed face that opposes an opposing face of the stationary element; a magnetic fluid that has viscosity is filled into a gap between the opposing face and the opposed face and is attracted magnetically to at least either the opposing face or the opposed face; and on the other of the opposing face or the opposed face, a holding region for retaining the magnetic fluid is provided, and a lipophobic surface, for repelling the magnetic fluid is provided so as to surround the holding region.

Abstract: A disc for use in a disc screen is disclosed. The disc has a longitudinal axis and includes a hub extending a length along the longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis is coaxial with the center of the hub and the hub further includes a hub surface, a major axis defined by a first cross section taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and through the center of the hub at and a minor axis defined by a second cross section taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and through the center of the hub. The first cross section is longer than the second cross section, and the first cross section is substantially orthogonal to the second cross section. A helical ridge structure extends away from hub surface and twists at least 360 degrees about the longitudinal axis for the length.

Abstract: Parcel processing systems and methods. A parcel processing system includes a parcel singulation transport configured to transport a stream of singulated parcels. The parcel processing system includes a parcel sorter configured to sort individual parcels in the stream of singulated parcels into a plurality of buffers. Multiple buffers comprise a set of buffers corresponding to a single load builder, and each buffer accumulates and buffers sorted parcels before transfer to the load builder. The parcel processing system includes a parcel flow merge configured to selectively receive buffered parcels from each of the buffers in the set and feed the received parcels to the load builder. The parcel processing system includes the load builder, configured to receive the parcels from the parcel flow merge and build successive stacks of parcels on a parcel pallet.

Abstract: In one example, a sorting unit includes a sorting system and a plurality of bins into which substrates are sorted. The sorting unit includes a bin handler having a first end effector for receiving one bin of the plurality of bins, and second end effector for disposing an empty bin in the previous location of the received bin. In one example, a method of operating a sorting unit is also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of producing collectible cards are disclosed. An example method includes producing a first stack of cards including a first card type and a second card type from a single substrate sheet, separating the first stack of cards into a first sub-stack and a second sub-stack. The first sub-stack includes the first card type and the second sub-stack includes the second card type. The example method includes comparing a first top card of the first sub-stack to a first reference card and, based on the first top card being substantially similar to the first reference card, automatically transferring the first sub-stack to a first tray designated to receive the first card type.

Abstract: The sorting waste receptacle sorts and temporarily stores differing types of waste items. The sorting waste receptacle includes a hollow housing having a top wall, a bottom wall and at least one sidewall. The top wall has an opening formed therein for depositing a waste item, and a lower interior portion of the hollow housing is divided into a plurality of separate compartments, each compartment corresponding to a different type of waste. When the waste item is inserted through the opening formed in the top wall, the waste item is temporarily held within a movable chute inside the hollow housing. While in the chute, the waste item is weighed by a scale and at least one sensor determines its composition. Based on the composition of the waste item, the chute is moved above the corresponding one of the separate compartments for dispensing of the waste item therein.

Abstract: A cleaning cloth has a microfiber composite fleece material in which a first and a second fiber component are arranged in the form of alternating layers, wherein at least one first layer A has the first fiber component in the form of composite filaments which are melt-spun and deposited into a fleece and which are at least partially split into elementary filaments having an average titer of less than 0.1 dtex, preferably between 0.03 dtex and 0.06 dtex, and solidified, and wherein at least one layer B is arranged on the first layer A, wherein the layer B has the second fiber component in the form of fibers deposited into a fleece and solidified and having an average titer of 0.1 to 3 dtex, at least one second layer A is arranged on the layer B.

Abstract: A substrate processing device 10 has a water removing unit 110 and, when a solvent supply unit 58 supplies a volatile solvent to a surface of a substrate W, the water removing unit 110 supplies a water removing agent to the surface of the substrate W to promote replacement of the cleaning water on the surface of the substrate W with the volatile solvent.

Abstract: A method for processing a substrate includes: loading a substrate in a processing space of a vessel; drying the substrate using a supercritical fluid of a first temperature in the processing space, and thermally decomposing a contamination source disposed in the processing space by transferring heat to the processing space by using a non-reactive fluid of a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.