Abstract: A system for use in performing ocular examinations, such as convergence and accommodation useful in diagnosing traumatic brain injury (including concussion), includes an assessment device. The assessment device includes a portable carrier having a visual target and a distance measurement component. The system may further include a communications channel and a companion device. The distance measurement component communicates via the communication channel with the companion device. The companion device stores one or more distances measured by the distance measurement component.

Abstract: An OCT data processing device includes a processor that performs acquiring three-dimensional OCT data. The three-dimensional OCT data is OCT data of a tissue of a subject's eye acquired by an OCT device and is obtained by irradiating measurement light on a two-dimensional measurement region. The two-dimensional measurement region extends in a direction intersecting an optical axis of the measurement light. The processor further preforms setting a line pattern, from among a plurality of types of line pattern, with respect to the two-dimensional measurement region for which the three-dimensional OCT data is obtained, at least one of an arrangement, a number, or a shape of one or more lines being different for the plurality of types of line pattern, and extracting, from the three-dimensional OCT data, a two-dimensional tomographic image of a cross section intersecting each of the one or more lines of the set line pattern.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including an identification unit configured to identify a lamina cribrosa region by analyzing tomographic image data on an eye to be inspected, a generation unit configured to generate a luminance en face image and a motion contrast en face image of the eye to be inspected by using information on the identified lamina cribrosa region, and a display control unit configured to cause a display unit to display at least one of the luminance en face image and the motion contrast en face image with the information on the identified lamina cribrosa region superimposed on the displayed image.

Abstract: Method and contact lens (3) for measuring a subject's three dimensional eye movement including torsional movement. A video camera (1) is provided for recording an image of the subject's eye (2). The contact lens (3) is provided for placement over the subject's eye (2). The contact lens (3) comprises one or more markers (3a,3b) that are detectable by the video camera (1) and are positioned at a lateral offset (D) with respect to a central part (3p) of the contact lens (3). The one or more markers (3a,3b) are configured for detecting torsional rotation (R) of the subject's eye (2) around a line of sight axis (C) of the subject's eye (2) by using the video camera (1) to track a position of the one or more markers (3a,3b).

Abstract: A scanning laser ophthalmoscope may include: a light source configured to emit laser light; a scanner configured to scan the laser light emitted from the light source two-dimensionally; a guide mirror configured to guide the laser light scanned by the scanner to a fundus of an eye of a subject; a guide mirror holder configured to hold the guide mirror in a predetermined positional relationship with the eye of the subject; a light receiver configured to receive reflected light of the laser light reflected on the fundus; and an image generator configured to generate a fundus image based on the reflected light received by the light receiver. The guide mirror may be disposed on a path connecting the scanner and the fundus of the eye of the subject, and disposed in front of the eye of the subject. The scanner may be disposed at the guide mirror holder.

Abstract: Ophthalmic imaging systems and related methods provide pseudo feedback to aid a user in aligning the user's eye with an optical axis of the imaging system. An ophthalmic imaging system includes an ophthalmic imaging device having an optical axis, a display device, an eye camera, and a control unit. The display device displays a fixation target viewable by the user. The eye camera images the eye to generate eye image data. The control unit processes the eye image data to determine a position of the eye relative to the optical axis, processes the position of the eye relative to the optical axis to generate a pseudo position of the eye relative to the optical axis, and causes the display device to display an indication that provides feedback to the user that the eye is located at the pseudo position of the eye relative to the optical axis.

Abstract: A method of determining the intraocular pressure of an eye of a subject, the method comprising the steps of: providing a measurement device comprising a contact lens having a pressure sensor, introducing the measurement device into the eye of the subject, obtaining data from the measurement device whilst the eye of the subject is open, and using the data to determine the intraocular pressure of the eye.

Abstract: According to an embodiment there is taught herein a system and method of noncontact human vital signs monitoring using light sensing (also referred to generally herein as visible light sensing (VLS)) that can, in some embodiments, measure in real-time breathing (respiration) and heartbeat rates without body contact. One variation comprises a photo-detector (PD) sensor, which measures signal power level of the reflected light signal from the patient's body and an embedded processing system for the signal processing and filtering on the received light signal. The technology taught herein has the potential to address numerous conditions where the use of contact-based devices may be problematic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods for modifying a conventional imager to have functional features similar to that of a lock-in camera. Optical mask devices are configured to be coupled to conventional imager sensors and the configuration of the mask devices can be adjusted to acquire image data in rapid succession. One variation of an optical mask device comprises a substrate comprising a pattern of light-blocking and light-transmitting regions and an attachment structure for coupling the optical mask device to the imager. The substrate is configured to adjust the position of the light-blocking regions and light-transmitting regions relative to the light-sensing region of the imager based on a set of one or more predetermined substrate configurations. In some variations, the mask device and/or the imager sensor may be mechanically moved relative to each other based on the set of one or more predetermined substrate configurations.

Abstract: A photoacoustic imaging apparatus includes a light irradiation unit, a receiving unit, and a processing unit. The light irradiation unit irradiates an object with first light for generating a photoacoustic wave corresponding to a positive coding element constituting a coding sequence and irradiates the object with second light for generating a photoacoustic wave corresponding to a negative coding element constituting the coding sequence. The receiving unit outputs a first signal by receiving the photoacoustic wave corresponding to the positive coding element, the photoacoustic wave being generated by irradiating the object with the first light, and outputs a second signal by receiving the photoacoustic wave corresponding to the negative coding element, the photoacoustic wave being generated by irradiating the object with the second light. The processing unit obtains a decoded signal by performing a decoding process on the first signal and the second signal based on information on the coding sequence.

Abstract: An object information acquiring apparatus is used. This apparatus comprises: a light source configured to emit pulsed light of a plurality of wavelengths; a wavelength controller configured to switch the wavelength; a probe configured to receive an acoustic wave generated and propagated in an object subjected to the pulsed light emitted onto the object; a scan controller configured to move the probe within a predetermined scanning range; and an information processor configured to acquire information about the object by using a plurality of electric signals corresponding to the wavelengths of the pulsed light output from the probe at each reception position in the scanning area. The wavelength controller switches the wavelength of the pulsed light before the probe scans the entire scanning area while receiving at each reception position an acoustic wave corresponding to at least one of the wavelengths of the pulsed light.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for determining a core body temperature or a physiological function. The system and method includes using multiple sensors in combination with analytic techniques.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring blood pressure according to one aspect may include a limb ballistocardiogram (BCG) sensor configured to attach to a limb of a user and measure a limb BCG signal of the user, and a processor configured to extract blood pressure-related features from the measured limb BCG signal and estimate blood pressure of the user based on at least part of the extracted blood pressure-related features.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a blood pressure monitoring system includes activating a reference monitor to perform a reference measurement of the blood pressure of a user as part of a calibration process. A wearable sensing device is activated to detect a parameter of user that is correlatable to the user's blood pressure. A processor of the user interface device processes the at least one parameter detected by the wearable blood pressure sensing device with reference to the reference measurement to determine a correlation factor that correlates the at least one parameter detected by the wearable blood pressure sensing device to the blood pressure of the user. The reference measurement includes an inflation phase, a measurement phase and a deflation phase. The processor is configured to only use the at least one parameter detected by the wearable blood pressure sensing device during the measurement phase in determining the correlation factor.

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining circulatory disease potential. The method includes: a user data receiving operation of receiving user data about a blood pressure and a blood flow of a user; a pattern calculating operation of calculating a three-dimensional (3D) user pattern for the user based on the received user data; a pattern comparing operation of comparing a comparison target pattern calculated based on data about blood pressures and blood flows of a normal person and a circulatory patient stored in a database, with the calculated user pattern; and a result output operation of outputting, based on a result of the comparison, circulatory disease potential visualizing to which of the normal person and the circulatory patient stored in the database the user is closer.

Abstract: A blood pressure measuring apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a touch sensor; a pulse wave measurer configured to measure pulse waves from a user; a contact force measurer including at least three force sensors and configured to measure a contact force between the touch sensor and the user by using the at least three force sensors; a contact area measurer configured to measure a contact area between the user and the touch sensor; and a processor configured to determine a vertical direction error, which indicates a degree of deviation of a direction of force, applied by the user to press the touch sensor, from a vertical direction to a surface of the touch sensor based on sensor values sensed by the at least three force sensors, and estimate blood pressure according to a determination result of the vertical direction error based on the pulse waves, the contact force, and the contact area.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement method and apparatus for a wearable device are provided. The method includes: receiving, by a first wearable device, a blood pressure measurement instruction; sending, by the first wearable device, the received blood pressure measurement instruction to a second wearable device; receiving, by the first wearable device, feedback information sent by the second wearable device; starting, by the first wearable device, to collect the first blood pressure reference data; receiving, by the first wearable device, the second blood pressure reference data that is collected by the second wearable device and that is of first specified duration; and calculating, by the first wearable device, blood pressure based on the first blood pressure reference data of the first specified duration and the second blood pressure reference data of the first specified duration.

Abstract: A blood pressure detection device, includes a detection airbag, a pressure sensor provided on the detection airbag, an air pump configured for inflating detection airbag and a solenoid valve or a proportional valve or an exhaust valve for deflating detection airbag. The blood pressure detection device further includes an airbag clamp configured outside the detection airbag for clamping the inflated detection airbag on the finger, wrist, or arm of the human body. The present invention eliminates the operation of wrapping the airbag on the arm or the wrist in the traditional blood pressure detection, so that the blood pressure detection is more convenient. In addition, the present invention incorporates an airbag into the device of the present invention, so as to avoid separation of the airbag from the detection device body, thereby facilitating the combination of the present invention with household or sanitary products.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a calibration parameter for a blood pressure measurement device. According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for determining a calibration parameter for a first blood pressure, BP, measurement device, the apparatus comprising a control unit that is to be coupled to a first BP measurement device that is for obtaining physiological characteristic measurements of a physiological characteristic of a subject and for determining a blood pressure measurement of the subject from the physiological characteristic measurements, a second BP measurement device that is for obtaining measurements of the blood pressure of the subject and a ventilator that is for providing a controlled flow of gas to the subject.

Abstract: A bag-shaped structure excellent in both of creep resistance and flexibility is provided. The present invention provides a bag-shaped structure including a layer made of a thermoplastic elastomer foam. The present invention also provides a cuff for a blood pressure monitor and a blood pressure monitor each includes the bag-shaped structure.

Abstract: A method and system for use in detection of a periodic signal are described. The method comprising: providing data about periodicity of the periodic signal; sampling said periodic signal at a sampling rate along a plurality of periods of said signal, said sampling rate being selected as having temporal location of at least one sampling event along a corresponding period thereof varies for each period for a desired number of the periods; arranging sampled data pieces in accordance with sample time thereof with respect to time within a period of said periodic signal; and reconstructing a profile of said periodic signal from said plurality of periods being sampled at a desired resolution being greater than resolution associated with said sampling rate. The variation in temporal location of sampling event may be provided by proper selection of sampling rate, or by varying time of sampling rate in accordance with the period of the periodic signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for noncontact ablation of tissues or materials in/on the body using a luminal catheter and a catheter inserted into the lumen. In one embodiment, the luminal catheter is an ablation catheter and the other catheter is a recording/measurement/positioning catheter. The luminal catheter incorporates a noncontact ablation element such as an ultrasonic transducer. The luminal catheter can be inserted through the skin and into the body (e.g., into the heart) and the recording/measurement/positioning catheter can be inserted into the lumen so that the ablation and recording/measurement/positioning catheters are simultaneously positioned to record/measure the electrical activity of the target tissue and ablate the target tissue without causing the trauma that results from the introduction of additional catheters. Either of the ablation and recording/measurement/positioning catheters can be steerable, and either may incorporate recording/measurement electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for health monitoring. Exemplary user interfaces for initial setup of health monitoring using a first electronic device and a second electronic device is described. Exemplary user interfaces for recording biometric information for use in health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for using an input device while recording biometric information for health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for viewing and managing aspects of health monitoring is described.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for health monitoring. Exemplary user interfaces for initial setup of health monitoring using a first electronic device and a second electronic device is described. Exemplary user interfaces for recording biometric information for use in health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for using an input device while recording biometric information for health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for viewing and managing aspects of health monitoring is described.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for health monitoring. Exemplary user interfaces for initial setup of health monitoring using a first electronic device and a second electronic device is described. Exemplary user interfaces for recording biometric information for use in health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for using an input device while recording biometric information for health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for viewing and managing aspects of health monitoring is described.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for health monitoring. Exemplary user interfaces for initial setup of health monitoring using a first electronic device and a second electronic device is described. Exemplary user interfaces for recording biometric information for use in health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for using an input device while recording biometric information for health monitoring is described. Exemplary user interfaces for viewing and managing aspects of health monitoring is described.

Abstract: A method and system for utilizing empirical null hypothesis for a biological time series is disclosed herein. The method also includes calculating an amount that a second plurality of epochs is similar to a first plurality of epochs using large-scale testing to estimate an empirical null hypothesis for a subset of the epochs. The method also includes determining if the second plurality of epochs is from the same EEG recording.

Abstract: A system assists users in time and frequency analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals. In one aspect, a system includes an analysis module, a configuration module and a user interface. The analysis module performs a time and frequency analysis of the MEG signal, for example a short time Fourier transform (STFT) or a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis. The analysis is parameterized by a parameter set that affects the time and frequency resolution of the analysis, for example window size and overlap size for STFT or center frequency and decay parameter for CWT. The configuration module automatically determines or assists the user to determine correct values for the parameter set.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to integrated channel integrity detection and to reconstruction of electrophysiological signals. An example system includes a plurality of input channels configured to receive respective electrical signals from a set of electrodes. An amplifier stage includes a plurality of differential amplifiers, each of the differential amplifiers being configured to provide an amplifier output signal based on a difference between a respective pair of the electrical signals. Channel detection logic is configured to provide channel data indicating an acceptability of each of the plurality of input channels based on an analysis of a common mode rejection of the amplifier output signals.

Abstract: A new MRI imaging sequence, the Septal Scout, has been presented. This new technique can accurately determine the timing of diastasis windows for the purpose of cardiac gating in applications such as high-resolution coronary MRA. The Septal Scout acquires 1D MR images along the long-axis of the basal ventricular septum either through projection imaging or 2D excitations. Each acquisition produces a line of data along the ventricular septum. The acquisition is repeated over time to generate a time-map of Septal Scouts. The data from the Septal Scout time-map is processed to generate a velocity graph of an ROI near the basal septum. From this graph, the beginning and end of diastasis is determined. This timing information is available for use to facilitate cardiac gating in subsequent high-resolution MR angiography.

Abstract: An electroencephalogram detection device is disclosed includes an electroencephalogram collecting unit and an electroencephalogram processing unit. The electroencephalogram collecting unit is configured to collect brain wave signals, and then send the brain wave signals to the electroencephalogram processing unit; the electroencephalogram processing unit is configured to receive the brain wave signals, and analyze the brain wave signals; the electroencephalogram collecting unit includes a self-powered module for supplying power to it.

Abstract: A method, and a system to perform the method, of assessing brain injuries in real time, the method including placing an EEG cap on a subject's head at a first location, processing diagnostic data including brain wave data using a first communication device at the first location, transmitting the diagnostic data to a second communication device located at a remote second location, and displaying the diagnostic data in real time on the second communication device.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a surgical cranial drape, probe for mapping brain of a subject and their methods of use. Specifically, the disclosure relates to a sterile surgical cranial drape embedded with electrodes; an system for mapping physiologically functional brain regions using evoked electrophysiological responses in a first and a second region; and their methods of use in combination or separately.

Abstract: A wearable electrode includes an electrode (203) fixed to garment (21) such that the electrode (203) can simultaneously come in contact with the skin of respective parts from the ventral side to the dorsal side of the upper left part of the body of a wearer (20), and an electrode (204) fixed to the garment such that the electrode (204) can simultaneously come in contact with the skin of respective parts from the ventral side to the dorsal side of the upper right part of the body of the wearer (20). The electrodes (203, 204) are installed such that the attaching positions gradually descend from the ventral side to the dorsal side with the wearer (20) standing upright, or the attaching positions gradually ascend from the ventral side to the dorsal side with the wearer (20) standing upright.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wearable monitor device and methods and systems for using such a device. In certain embodiments, the wearable monitor records cardiac data from a mammal and extracts particular features of interest. These features are then transmitted and used to provide health-related information about the mammal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a spinal stenosis diagnostic method and apparatus and the spinal stenosis diagnostic method includes: sequentially receiving a phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging in each time interval captured by normalizing one cardiac cycle with a plurality of time intervals; obtaining a cerebrospinal fluid velocity distribution in each normalized time interval from the phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging of each time interval; calculating a turbulence kinetic energy using the cerebrospinal fluid velocity distribution obtained at every time interval; and diagnosing the spinal stenosis using the calculation result of the turbulence kinetic energy.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for acquiring and reconstructing a four-dimensional dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) image data record, MR data are continuously acquired by radial scanning of an examination region along radial k-space lines, and a dynamic region of the examination region, in which said dynamic procedure is relevant, is determined, as well as a non-dynamic region, which is not relevant to the dynamic procedure. Static image data are reconstructed from all of the acquired MR data, and image data therein originating from the non-dynamic region are marked and are then not used for reconstructing a dynamic image data record for the dynamic region.

Abstract: A portable sensing system device and method for providing microwave or RF (radio-frequency) sensing functionality for a portable device, the device comprising: a portable device housing configured to be carried by a user; and a sensing unit within said housing configured to characterize an object located in proximity to the portable system, said sensing unit comprising: a wideband electromagnetic transducer array said array comprising a plurality of electromagnetic transducers; a transmitter unit for applying RF signals to said electromagnetic transducer array; and a receiver unit for receiving coupled RF signals from said electromagnetic transducers array.

Abstract: An electromagnetic tomographic system for imaging a human head includes a base, an imaging chamber, at least one ring of antennas, a plurality of antenna controllers, and an image processing computer system. The imaging chamber is supported on the base and defines an imaging domain in which the head is received. The antennas are supported by the imaging chamber and encircle the imaging domain. Each controller comprises circuitry carried on a printed circuit board and is dedicated to a respective antenna. Each controller controls operation of a corresponding antenna. In operation, while one antenna is transmitting an electromagnetic signal into the imaging domain, a plurality of the antennas are simultaneously receiving the signal after passing through the imaging domain. The received signals of the plurality of antennas are simultaneously measured. Data representative of the measure electromagnetic signals is output by the controllers and used for image processing.

Abstract: A device for bioimpedance measurement comprises: a carrier, which is configured to be worn by a person, a plurality of electrodes, which are arranged at a distance from a surface of the carrier facing the person when the carrier is worn, the plurality of electrodes being configured for forming a capacitive coupling to the person when the carrier is worn, a bioimpedance measurement unit, which is supported by the carrier and which is configured to, via at least one pair of electrodes among said plurality of electrodes, provide a stimulation signal and acquire a measurement signal indicative of bioimpedance of the person, wherein the bioimpedance measurement unit is configured to take a distance between the at least one pair of electrodes and skin of the person into account in order to estimate a static physiological characteristic of a bioimpedance.

Abstract: A system for EIT imaging comprises an electrode array for positioning on a patient and measuring an impedance distribution, a data entry unit and a calculation unit. The electrode array contains a visual aid coupled to the electrode array for visually indicating the position of at least one electrode, the data entry module accepts an entry of data describing the position of the visual aid, and the calculation unit calculates the position of the individual electrodes relative to the patient's body and provides correction for the image creation algorithm. A sensor device for EIT imaging may comprise the electrode array, which is connectable to an EIT imaging system comprising a data entry unit and a calculation unit. An EIT imaging method may employ the system or sensor device.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a system and method for measuring impedance across a plurality of electrodes and assessing proximity or contact between electrodes of a medical device and patient tissue. In one embodiment, contact is assessed individual electrodes and cardiac tissue using bipolar electrode complex impedance measurements. Initially, baseline impedance values are established for each of the individual electrodes based on the responses of the electrodes to the applied drive signals. After establishing the baseline impedance values a series of subsequent impedance values are measured for each electrode. For each electrode, each subsequent impedance value may be compared to a previous baseline impedance value for that electrode. If a subsequent impedance value is less than the baseline impedance value for a given electrode, the baseline impedance value may be reset to the subsequent impedance value.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for supporting preparation of a patient for a medical imaging investigation, in particular a magnetic resonance investigation, patient data of a patient are acquired by operation of an acquisition unit. An item of position information of an object is calculated by a calculation computer, the calculation of the position information of the object taking place on the basis of the patient data and/or on the basis of an item of investigation information and/or on the basis of data from accessory units. The position information of the object is projected by means of a projection unit.

Abstract: A method of accounting for the movement of the lungs during an endoscopic procedure such that a previously acquired image may be dynamically registered with a display showing the position of a locatable guide. After an initial image set is acquired, an area of interest is identified and the movement thereof due to breathing is mathematically modeled. Patient movement sensors are then used to provide information on the patient's breathing patterns. This information is entered into the mathematical model in order to update the registration between the image set and a display showing the position of the locatable guide.

Abstract: A selective-sorting system for aerosol droplets in human breath includes a mouthpiece to receive a flow of human breath, and a flow path coupled to the mouthpiece. This flow path includes one or more bends that cause the flow of human breath to change direction, which causes aerosol droplets in the flow having different mass-sizes to change direction at different rates. Moreover, the flow path is shaped so that droplets that change direction at different rates are directed to different destinations. The system also includes a collection path, which is coupled to the flow path so that aerosol droplets meeting a specific mass-size criterion are directed into the collection path. A condenser tube is located in the collection path, wherein the condenser tube includes a cooling mechanism that cools the condenser tube to facilitate condensing aerosol droplets to sides of the condenser tube for subsequent collection.

Abstract: This disclosure describes improved systems and methods for displaying respiratory data to a clinician in a ventilatory system. Respiratory data may be displayed by any number of suitable means, for example, via appropriate graphs, diagrams, charts, waveforms, and other graphic displays. The disclosure describes novel systems and methods for determining and displaying ineffective patient inspiratory or expiratory efforts or missed breaths in a manner easily deciphered by a clinician.

Abstract: A non-invasive method and system is provided for determining an internal component of respiratory effort of a subject in a respiratory study. Both a thoracic signal (T) and an abdomen signal (A) are obtained, which are indicators of a thoracic component and an abdominal component of the respiratory effort, respectively. A first parameter of a respiratory model is determined from the obtained thoracic signal (T) and the abdomen signal (A). The first parameter is an estimated parameter of the respiratory model that is not directly measured during the study. The internal component of the respiratory effort is determined based at least on the determined first parameter of the respiratory model. The first model parameter is determined based on the thorax signal (T) and the obtained abdomen signal (A) without an invasive measurement.

Abstract: Devices and methods for treating obstructive sleep apnea by first performing an assessment of the patient that involves observing the patient's upper airway during a tongue protrusion maneuver. The assessment may, for example, be done using endoscopy to observe the upper airway while the patient is awake in the supine position. An adequate response of the upper airway during the tongue protrusion maneuver is indicative of likely therapeutic success with hypoglossal nerve stimulation, and may be used for making clinical decisions. The principles of the present invention may be applied to other therapeutic interventions for OSA involving the upper airway.

Abstract: A sample collection device collects Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath in the outlet of a breathing assisted ventilator. The sample collection device is attached to the ventilator outlet line through a coupler containing either two check valves, or a check valve and a restrictive outlet flow path. During sampling, the exhaled air flows through a sorbent contained in the sample collection device as the ventilator pressure increases and decreases during the assisted breathing process. The flow of the exhaled air through the sample collection system is driven by the alternating pressure in the ventilator line without the need for an additional pump or power supply separate from the ventilator pump and power supply. The sample collection device can be used to monitor levels of bacteria-produced VOCs as an early detection of pneumonia and to allow feedback on the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment.

Abstract: A water filter system for a CO2 sampling line positioned between a patient and a patient monitor to receive patient exhalation. The filter system includes at least one hydrophobic filter that adsorbs and prevents water from reaching the patient monitor. Alternatively, the filter system may include both a hydrophobic filter and a hydrophilic filter and optionally a desiccant.