Abstract: Techniques for integrating a machine-readable matrix with a component of a mechanical structure using three-dimensional (3-D) printing are disclosed. Such techniques include generating at least one data model representing the component, and projecting a matrix pattern identifying one or more features of the component onto a selected surface portion of the component to produce a modified data model for use as an input to a 3-D printer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printing on an article are disclosed. An embodiment of a method may include the generation of a virtual mask that can designate areas for printing and/or designate areas to exclude from printing. A method may include utilization of the virtual mask during either 2D or 3D printing such that a print design is printed in areas designated for printing by the virtual mask.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermal transfer printing onto selected regions of a substrate are disclosed. The method comprises: a) providing a transfer member having an imaging surface; b) coating the imaging surface with particles formed of, or coated with, a thermoplastic polymer; c) removing substantially all particles that are not in direct contact with the imaging surface to leave a uniform monolayer particle coating on the imaging surface; d) applying energy to selected regions of the imaging surface to heat and render tacky particles of corresponding regions of the monolayer coating; and e) pressing at least portions of the imaging surface and the substrate surface against one another, either during and/or after application of energy, to cause transfer to the surface of the substrate of the particles of the corresponding regions that have been rendered tacky. The monolayer coating can be replenished with new particles and the cycle repeated.

Abstract: In an example, a print target may be printed with a calibration target. The calibration target may comprise a first printing fluid figure printed on the print target and a second printing fluid figure printed on the print target. A geometric figure may be defined by the second printing fluid figure. The geometric figure may be negatively outlined in the second printing fluid figure. In an example, the calibration target may be processed to define a geometric relationship between a first printing fluid reference point and a second printing fluid reference point.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a head, a liquid supply conduit, a liquid discharge conduit, a radiator, first and second wiring boards, and a heat conductive member. Liquid is supplied to the head through the liquid supply conduit. Liquid that passed the head flows through the liquid discharge conduit. The radiator includes a flow path through which liquid from the liquid discharge conduit flows. The first wiring board is between the head and the radiator, and has a connector connected to a wiring extending through an interior of the radiator. The second wiring board is disposed between the head main body and the first wiring board, and includes, thereon, a driving control element configured to control liquid discharge from the discharge holes. The heat conductive member extends between the head and the radiator, and is in thermal contact with the radiator.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes: a discharge head including nozzles; a head scanning mechanism that reciprocatingly moves the discharge head in a main scanning direction; a conveyer that conveys a recording medium in a sub-scanning direction; a controller; and a memory that stores image data of an image to be formed on the recording medium. In one pass, the controller executes: recording processing in which an image is formed on the recording medium by moving the discharge head in the main scanning direction and discharging liquid from the discharge head; setting processing in which the discharge head moves to a starting position of the recording processing for a pass following the one pass by changing a moving direction of the discharge head at a standstill position, without discharging the liquid from the discharge head; and conveyance processing in which the recording medium is conveyed in the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: A droplet dispensing apparatus includes a droplet ejection device, a microplate holder, and a sheet stand. The droplet ejection device has a solution holding vessel and an array of nozzles for ejection of droplets communicating with the solution holding vessel. The microplate holder is configured to hold a microplate into which the droplets are ejected. A test sheet being colored or discolored at a place where a light-transmissive droplet is received for testing the array of nozzles can be placed on the sheet stand. The droplet ejection device is configured to move to a first position above the microplate holder for ejection of droplets into the microplate and to a second position above the sheet stand for ejection of droplets onto the test sheet.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a substrate in which an ejection port for ejecting liquid is formed, a pressure chamber to house the liquid to be ejected from the ejection port and apply pressure to the liquid in the ejection, and a flow passage connected to the pressure chamber and configured to cause the liquid in the pressure chamber to circulate along the substrate. The ejection port has a non-circular shape, and the substrate is provided with a groove portion extending in a direction of the circulation and connected to the ejection port. According to the above-described configuration, the liquid ejection head can sufficiently extend a liquid circulation effect to a position near a meniscus while suppressing mixing of bubbles.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head substrate is provided. The head substrate comprises a substrate, an insulator arranged above the substrate, conductive patterns arranged in the insulator, a heat generating resistive element arranged above the insulator, a protective layer covering the heat generating resistive element, and electrode plugs configured to connect the heat generating resistive element and the conductive patterns. The heat generating resistive element and the electrode plugs are arranged in contact with each other to overlap each other. A current flows through the heat generating resistive element in a first direction. In the first direction, a length of the electrode plug is smaller than a length of the heat generating resistive element and in a second direction crossing the first direction, a length of the electrode plug is larger than a length of the heat generating resistive element.

Abstract: Examples include a fluid ejection die. Examples comprise an ejection nozzle and an ejection chamber fluidly connected to the ejection nozzle. A fluid input hole is fluidly connected to the ejection chamber. A fluid output channel is also fluidly connected to the ejection chamber, and a fluid output hole is fluidly connected to the fluid output channel. Examples further comprise a fluid pump disposed in the fluid output channel to pump fluid from the ejection chamber out of the fluid output hole.

Abstract: A method of capping a nozzle face of an ink jet print head comprises the step of ejecting an amount of ink from a nozzle opening within the nozzle face, so as to form an ink body covering the nozzle opening, adheringly suspended from a surrounding portion of the nozzle face.

Abstract: An ink-jet printer includes; an ink-jet head having a nozzle surface in which a plurality of nozzles for discharging ink; and a wiping device, having a blade for wiping the nozzle surface, which wipes the nozzle surface by use of the blade, by moving the blade in relation to the nozzle surface; wherein, the ink-jet head includes a convex wall part that surrounds the nozzle surface in a state of protruding in a direction in which the ink is discharged by the nozzles; and a direction of wiping by the wiping device is almost the same as a stretching direction of a line connecting the nozzles being closest to the convex wall part, among the plurality of nozzles formed in the nozzle surface, and a part of the convex wall part being closest to the nozzles. Hence, reducing an incidence of defective discharging of ink by the ink-jet head.

Abstract: An ejection material is injected into a container through a pipe. Thereafter, the pipe is blocked at a blocked part and then the pipe is cut off. The pipe is cut off such that the blocked part is included in a portion of the pipe connected to the container.

Abstract: A method for printing including disposing a first ink onto a substrate to form a first ink layer on the substrate in an area where a diagnostic image will be printed; disposing a second ink onto the first ink layer to form a second ink diagnostic image, wherein the first ink has a first color density and the second ink has a second color density that is different from the first ink color density, wherein the second ink drops hit and displace areas of the first ink layer creating holes which provide a density contrast; curing or drying after forming the second ink diagnostic image; wherein the second ink diagnostic image is rendered visible by the contrast between the second ink diagnostic image and the substrate as compared to the first ink layer and the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a thermal transfer sheet capable of being identified by a thermal transfer printing apparatus, as well as being capable of preventing color property changes in high-resolution printing and reducing production cost. The thermal transfer sheet 5 of an embodiment includes a dye layer 52 and a protective layer 54 on one surface of a substrate 50. The protective layer 54 contains an invisible light absorbing material and is provided with an identification mark 55 having at least one of a recessed portion and a protruding portion.

Abstract: A vertical plotter has a writing head movable on a writing surface and comprises a gripping element for releasably locking an ink writing stylus instrument, an actuator configured to move the gripping element in a retracted position in which the writing instrument is spaced from the writing surface and an advanced position in which the writing instrument contacts the writing surface, a control unit (ECU) configured to control the actuator so as to draw one or more lines on the writing surface when the writing head moves. The plotter further comprises a closing device for the writing instrument movably selectively between an open position in which the gripping element is in the advanced position so that a writing tip (P) touches the surface writing outside the writing head and in a closed position in which the gripping element is in the retracted position and a cavity is closed.

Abstract: A printer includes ink heads and an ultraviolet light emitter. The ink heads discharge ultraviolet-curable ink onto a recording medium on a platen. The ultraviolet light emitter is disposed leftward of the ink heads in a main scanning direction. The ultraviolet light emitter emits ultraviolet light to the ultraviolet-curable ink discharged onto the recording medium. The ultraviolet light emitter includes a case, LEDs, and a glass block. The case includes an opening in a portion of the case facing the platen. The LEDs are disposed in the case and emit ultraviolet light toward the recording medium on the table through the opening. The glass block guides the ultraviolet light, emitted from the LEDs, to the opening. A center of the LEDs in the main scanning direction is closer to the ink heads than a center of the glass block in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: The curl straightening device includes supporting rollers, an endless belt, a curl straightening roller, and a contact member. The supporting rollers are disposed rotatably about a shaft extending in a direction orthogonal to a conveying direction of the sheet. The endless belt is stretched across the supporting rollers, and circulates in the conveying direction. The curl straightening roller makes contact with an outer peripheral surface of the endless belt between the supporting rollers so as to form a nip portion, and straightens curl of the sheet which passes through the nip portion. The nip portion is shaped so that the endless belt curves along a peripheral surface of the curl straightening roller. The contact member is disposed to oppose a center portion of the curl straightening roller in an axial direction, and makes contact with the curl straightening roller so as to prevent deformation of the curl straightening roller.

Abstract: A curl straightening device includes an endless belt, a curl straightening roller, a nip width adjusting mechanism, and a guide member. The curl straightening roller makes pressure contact with an outer peripheral surface of the endless belt, forming a nip portion, and straightens curl of the sheet which passes through the nip portion. The nip width adjusting mechanism moves the curl straightening roller in a direction away from or close to the endless belt so as to change a nip width. The mechanism includes a supporting holder of the curl straightening roller, and a rotationally moving portion that rotationally moves the roller supporting holder for moving the curl straightening roller. The guide member includes a pair of hanging members that are hung from both ends of the curl straightening roller so as to keep the guide member in constant position and posture relative to the curl straightening roller.

Abstract: A printer includes a feeding roller, a sheet conveyer, and a handle. The feeding roller is configured to feed a single slip and a continuous sheet conveyed through first and second conveyance paths, respectively, to a printing head. The sheet conveyer is at the second conveyance path. The handle is mechanically engaged with a shaft of the feeding roller and configured to rotate the shaft. The handle is manually movable along an axis direction of the shaft between first and second positions. At the first position, the handle is mechanically disengaged with a driving mechanism of the sheet conveyer. At the second position, the handle is mechanically engaged with the driving mechanism and capable of moving the sheet conveyer. An urging mechanism is urging the handle toward the first position. A stopper is configured to prevent the handle at the second position from moving toward the first position.

Abstract: A printer includes a printer main body that performs printing on a medium, a supporting frame that supports the printer main body from a lower side, a tension applying mechanism including a tension bar that comes into contact with a medium before printing and applies a tension to the medium, and a first roll attaching portion and a second roll attaching portion to which the medium before printing wound into a roll shape is attachable. The roll attaching portion, the tension bar, and the roll attaching portion are disposed on a back side of the supporting frame and are disposed in such order from a supporting frame side; and a medium after printing is wound into a roll shape on a front side of the supporting frame. The tension applying mechanism includes a frame having a guide groove for guiding the tension bar in a vertical direction.

Abstract: An inkjet printer is provided, which is configured to acquire gap information related to a gap between an ink discharging surface and a recording sheet in each individual position of top-formed positions and bottom-formed positions within a predetermined wave-shape generating range, identify, when the predetermined wave-shape generating range includes a partial range in which the recording sheet is not placed, a top-formed position where the gap information has not been acquired and a bottom-formed position where the gap information has not been acquired, within the partial range, complement the unacquired gap information in the identified top-formed position with a value determined based on the respective pieces of gap information acquired in other top-formed positions, and complement the unacquired gap information in the identified bottom-formed position with a value determined based on the respective pieces of gap information acquired in other bottom-formed positions.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a head, a liquid supply conduit, a liquid discharge conduit, a radiator, first and second wiring boards, and a heat conductive member. Liquid is supplied to the head for discharge through the liquid supply conduit. Liquid that passes through the head flows to the liquid discharge conduit. The radiator includes a flow path through which a coolant flows. The coolant is different from the liquid supplied to the head for discharge. The first wiring board is between the head and the radiator and has a connector connected to a wiring extending through an inner space of the radiator. The second wiring board is between the head main body and the first wiring board, and includes, thereon, a driving control element. The heat conductive member extends between the head and the radiator, and is in thermal contact with the radiator.

Abstract: A droplet dispensing apparatus includes a droplet ejection device, a microplate holder, a sheet stand, an image capturing device and a controller. The image capturing device is configured to move to a position above the sheet stand. The controller is configured to perform image processing on image data generated from an image captured by the image capturing device when the image capturing device is at the position above the test sheet on the sheet stand, to determine a size of each of test patterns formed by droplets dropped on the test sheet from the array of nozzles. The controller is further configured to generate a data file including the determined size of each of the test patterns. The test sheet colors or discolors at a place receiving a light-transmissive droplet.

Abstract: A printer includes a printing unit having a printing head and a platen positioned opposite the printing head, the printing head being configured to print on a print medium that is fed between the printing head and the platen, a ribbon holding shaft configured to hold an ink ribbon that is wound thereon, a ribbon winding shaft configured to wind and collect the ink ribbon supplied from the ribbon holding shaft, and first and second guide shafts provided along a feeding route of the ink ribbon between the ribbon holding shaft and the ribbon winding shaft to apply tension to the ink ribbon. At least one of the first and second guide shafts has a tilt adjuster that applies a twist to the ink ribbon in a width direction of the ink ribbon through said at least one of the first and second guide shafts.

Abstract: A process for creating a flexographic plate or a mask for producing a flexographic plate, including providing a screen having a resolution defined by a base pattern of equally sized screen spots, each screen spot comprising a smallest exposed discrete element represented on the screen. In at least a non-solid tonal portion of the plate or mask, the size of physical spots are selectively modulated such that each set of four neighboring physical spots in the base pattern has an unexposed area centered therebetween. Each screen spot in the base pattern may be an exposed pixel surrounded by 8 unexposed pixels, each physical spot corresponding to the resolution of a laser beam for exposing the spots on the mask, in which the imaging step includes boosting power of the laser beam for isolated pixels relative to non isolated pixels. Mask and plates, and imaging systems for creating them, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to a printing an image on a substrate and printing an ultraviolet-sensitive finishing mark on the substrate using ultraviolet-sensitive ink. The ultraviolet-sensitive finishing mark can be visible under ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to a printing an image on a substrate and printing an ultraviolet-sensitive finishing mark on the substrate using ultraviolet-sensitive ink. The ultraviolet-sensitive finishing mark can be visible under ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A heat transfer film having a) a carrier film, b) at least one coating layer arranged directly on the carrier film, and c) at least one hot-sealable polymer adhesive layer is disclosed. The coating layer is based on a non-aqueous, radiation-curable, liquid composition which contains at least 60 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition, of curable constituents selected from organic oligomers which have ethylenically unsaturated double bonds. Use of the heat transfer films for the dry coating of surfaces, production of such heat transfer films, and methods for coating or lacquering surfaces of objects using the heat transfer films are also disclosed.

Abstract: In one example, a process to solidify a water-based printing fluid printed on a substrate includes flushing nonvolatile solvent in the printing fluid into the substrate with the water in the printing fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sticker, and/or to an insert for a book. The sticker of the present invention is suitable for inserting into a loop-bound book, and comprises: (i) a detachable coupling means (preferably elongate such as a finger portion), which can be (i.e. which is capable of being) detachably coupled to the binding of a loop-bound book; and (ii) a sticky body for attachment to a material, in particular for attachment to a sheet material and/or to a generally planar material, such as a piece (e.g. sheet) of paper or a plastic sheet; and wherein the sticker is capable of functioning as an attachment for attaching the material to the loop binding of the book.

Abstract: A greeting card having a mobile object releasably attached thereto. The mobile object may be shaped like a character or object with one or more wheels at a bottom surface thereof. The mobile object may be removed from the greeting card and set upright onto a surface. Activating a motor module within the mobile object causes the one or more wheels to rotate, setting the mobile object rolling along said surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of optical anti-counterfeiting, and discloses an optical anti-counterfeiting element and an optical anti-counterfeiting product. The optical anti-counterfeiting element comprises: a substrate which is at least partially pervious to light, comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite each other; an anti-counterfeiting image formed on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the anti-counterfeiting image comprises a plurality of imaging pixel groups, and the imaging pixel groups are arranged aperiodically and/or without an axis of symmetry; and a sampling-synthesis layer with optical characteristics formed on the second surface of the substrate, wherein target visual images corresponding to the imaging pixel groups can be presented through a light-pervious part of the substrate and the sampling-synthesis layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security document (100) with a securing element (101) placed locally or on the entire surface of a laminated or non-laminated substrate, comprising at least a marking region composed of at least one printing ink layer containing optically variable interference pigments and fluorescent pigments and/or dyes or a printing ink layer containing optically variable interference pigments and being free of additives changing the absorption spectrum of the printing ink layer, the marking region comprising a laser marking applied by laser radiation, that is visually recognizable basing on an irreversible change of interference properties of the printing ink layer containing optically variable interference pigments and fluorescent pigments and/or dyes or printing ink layer containing optically variable interference pigments, and on a transformation, within the laser marking, of an original color demonstrating a change dependent on the observation angle into another color demonstrating no change

Abstract: A method includes using a lenticular image having a lens grid composed of a plurality of microlenses and a metallic motif layer arranged spaced apart from the lens grid; the refractive effect of the microlenses defines a focal plane and the metallic motif layer being arranged substantially in the focal plane; a line width is chosen for the demetalized sub-regions to be produced in the metallic motif layer; a marking laser source having a laser wavelength ? is selected such that the resolving power D(?) of the microlenses of the lenticular image at the selected laser wavelength ? substantially corresponds to the line width of the demetalized sub-regions to be produced; and the metallic motif layer is impinged on through the microlenses with laser radiation of the marking laser source to produce demetalized sub-regions in the metallic motif layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a multi-component nib structure and marking device for selectively generating primary marks and a secondary marks for lettering and shading. The marking device includes a multi-component nib structure, an ink source. The multi-component nib structure generally includes a first nib component, a second nib component, and optionally, a transfer component between the first nib component and the second nib component. In other aspects, the multi-component nib structure may allow lettering with different tones creating, for example, an ombre effect.

Abstract: A composite component includes a plastic substrate and a transfer foil adhered thereto. The plastic substrate and the foil are proud and define a peripheral edge with a tight outer radius. A thin first coating layer, such as a base coat or primer layer, is applied over the plastic substrate and foil and adheres the both the plastic substrate and foil. A thicker second coating layer, such as a clear coat, is applied over the first coating layer and adheres to the first coating layer. The first coating layer has a lower viscosity than the second coating layer. The second coating layer is more ductile than the first coating layer. The first coating layer acts a primer layer for applying the second coating layer. The second coating layer therefore protects the substrate and transfer foil and can withstand thermal shock and water immersion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a plastic-containing support for a decorated wall panel or floor panel, comprising a supporting material including a thermoplastic matrix material, in which a solid material with a particle size less than or equal to 800 ?m is embedded, wherein the support has a length, a width and a thickness, wherein the support has a density gradient along its thickness from a bottom surface to a top surface arranged on the opposite side to the bottom surface in such a manner, that the density of the supporting material averaged over a specified width or a specified length of at least 5 mm, preferably at least 20 mm, from the bottom surface to the top surface initially declines and then increases again.

Abstract: A paint roller cleaning tool. The paint roller cleaning tool has an upper edge and a lower edge with a pair of opposing side edges. At least one arcuate extension is on the upper edge. The arcuate extension is designed to receive a paint roller and to remove paint from the paint roller. A pair of notches extend into the lower edge. The pair of notches are designed to secure the paint roller cleaning tool in a paint container, such as a paint can.

Abstract: A wheel for a vehicle, in particular a motorcycle or a motor scooter includes a hub region which has at least some portions made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material. The hub region includes a recess in which an insert for connecting the wheel to a vehicle axle is placed. An isolation element which galvanically isolates the insert from the hub region is arranged between the hub region and the insert.

Abstract: A structure for assembling a tire wheel, a brake rotor, and a hub includes at least one positioning bolt which includes a first head portion and a first shaft portion having a first male screw portion formed thereon; and a plurality of position-fixing bolts each of which includes a second head portion and a second shaft portion having a second male screw portion formed thereon. When an elastic body attached to the first shaft portion is squeezed between the hub and the first head portion of the positioning bolt as a result of the first male screw portion being screwed into a positioning female screw hole of the hub, the elastic body deforms to have an increased outer diameter as compared with the case where the elastic body is in its free state.

Abstract: A wheel (1) includes a rim (2) and a wheel center (3) made from a fiber reinforced composite material. The wheel center (3) includes a tubular middle section (6) having a center opening (7) extending in the direction of a wheel axis (19) and having a first and a second end (8, 9). A hub (5) includes a first flange ring (10) and a second flange ring (11). At least one of the flange rings (10, 11) and the tubular middle section (6) are interconnected to each other by a form fit interconnection (12, 13).

Abstract: A traction enhancement device and system for the rear wheel(s) of a wheelchair is provided. The traction enhancement system generally includes a tooth bar assembly that includes a plurality of spikes/teeth and an actuation assembly that includes a lever and swashplate. In use the lever can be moved into ground engaging position and the swashplate will contact and provide a force the tooth bar assembly causing the spikes to extend beyond the diameter of the wheelchair wheel and into engagement with the surface on which the chair is riding. The lever can be pulled out of ground engaging position and the swashplate will not cause the spikes to push outwardly beyond the diameter of the wheel.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel having a central axis. The wheel comprises a bead seat configured to engage a bead of a tire, the bead seat extending circumferentially about the central axis of the wheel. The bead seat comprises a first sidewall, a second sidewall, and a base extending between the first and second sidewalls. The first and second sidewalls extend radially outwardly from the base, and the base includes a radially outwardly-facing surface extending circumferentially about the central axis, and one or more barbs projecting from the radially outwardly-facing surface in a radially outwardly direction.

Abstract: A tire comprises a tread portion provided with a tread profile. The axial distance L3 from the tire equator to a contact point P3 between the tread profile and a tangential line thereto at which the angle ? of the tangential line becomes 3 degrees with respect to the tire-axial-direction line, is smaller than 65% of a half tread width Tw. The difference (?90??60) of an angle ?90 of the tangential line at an axial position P90 apart from the tire equator by 90% of the half tread width Tw, from an angle ?60 of the tangential line at an axial position P60 apart from the tire equator by 60% of the half tread width Tw, is in a range from 7 to 12 degrees.

Abstract: Tyre for vehicle wheels, comprising a tread band comprising circumferential grooves, circumferential ribs defined by said circumferential grooves and a plurality of sipes (10) that extend, on said circumferential ribs, from a radially outer surface of the tread band towards a radially inner portion of the tread band. Said sipes (10) extend along a predetermined trajectory and comprise, in any cross section perpendicular to said predetermined trajectory, a main portion (100) having a first radial dimension (H?) and a first transversal dimension (T, T?) substantially constant along a radial direction and, in a radially outer position with respect to said main portion (100), a top portion (110) extending up to said radially outer surface of the tread band and having, at said radially outer surface of the tread band, a second transversal dimension (W) greater than said first transversal dimension (T, T?).

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a protrusion provided on a buttress portion. The protrusion includes a side wall protruding from a surface of the buttress portion, and a top wall provided at a distal end of the side wall. At least one of a pair of portions included in the side wall and facing each other in a tire circumferential direction constitutes a protruding curve as viewed in a tire width direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a protrusion provided on a buttress portion. The protrusion includes a side wall protruding from a surface of the buttress portion, and a top wall provided at a distal end of the side wall. The top wall is inclined in the tire circumferential direction such that a protrusion height, which is a distance of the protrusion from the surface of the buttress portion, decreases from one side to the other side in the tire circumferential direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a protrusion provided on a buttress portion. The protrusion includes a side wall protruding from a surface of the buttress portion, and a top wall provided at a distal end of the side wall. The side wall includes portions facing each other in a tire circumferential direction. Each of the portions is inclined in the tire circumferential direction such that a protrusion height that is a distance of the projection from the surface of the buttress portion gradually decreases from the top wall toward the surface of the buttress portion. An inclination angle of each of the portions in the tire circumferential direction to the surface of the buttress portion gradually decreases from the inside to the outside in the tire radial direction.

Abstract: A method for estimating the severity of conditions of use of a tire installed on a vehicle comprises the following steps: a step of measuring the speed of the vehicle and the load of the vehicle, a step of evaluating, as a function of the measurements performed, the power of the internal heat dissipations of the tyres, and a step of determining, as a function of this power, the internal temperature of the tyre, a step of recording the number of wheel revolutions performed and/or the time spent in conditions of use corresponding to a given temperature interval. There is also a system that makes it possible to implement said method.