Abstract: An analyser 10 for identifying or verifying or otherwise characterising a liquid based drug sample 16 comprising: an electromagnetic radiation source 11 for emitting electromagnetic radiation 14a in at least one beam at a sample 16, the electromagnetic radiation comprising at least two different wavelengths, a sample detector 17 that detects affected electromagnetic radiation resulting from the emitted electromagnetic radiation affected by the sample, and a processor 18 for identifying or verifying the sample from the detected affected electromagnetic radiation, wherein each wavelength or at least two of the wavelengths is between substantially 1300 nm and 2000 nm, and each wavelength or at least two of the wavelengths is in the vicinity of the wavelength(s) of (or within a region spanning) a spectral characteristic in the liquid spectrum between substantially 1300 nm and 2000 nm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a terahertz-based high-risk chemical detecting device, which includes a terahertz wave generating unit, a terahertz wave transmitting and receiving unit and an echo analysis unit. The terahertz wave generating unit is configured for generating a terahertz detection signal, a terahertz reference signal and a terahertz local oscillation signal. The terahertz wave transceiver unit is configured to transmit the terahertz detection signal and the terahertz reference signal to a high-risk chemical to be tested, and receive information about carrying a high-risk chemical to be tested. The terahertz echo signal is configured to analyze the terahertz echo signal and the terahertz local oscillation signal to obtain information about a high-risk chemical to be tested. The present disclosure also relates to a terahertz-based high-risk chemical detecting method.

Abstract: A gas analyzer includes an optical emitter that irradiates measurement light into a measurement region including a measured-gas, a first optical receiver that receives the measurement light passing through the measurement region, a splitting unit between the optical emitter and the measurement region that splits off a portion of the measurement light irradiated from the optical emitter to yield reference light, a reference unit, and an optical component. The reference unit holds a gas containing a measurement target component identical with the measured-gas but at a known concentration and a second optical receiver that receives the reference light passing through the region including the gas. The optical component is disposed between the splitting unit and the region and expands the beam diameter of the reference light to be larger at the second optical receiver than the receiving diameter of the second optical receiver.

Abstract: A sensor analysis computer device for analyzing particulate matter is provided. The computer device includes at least one memory and at least one processor in communication with the at least one memory. The computer device is in communication with a sensor configured to measure particulate matter. The at least one processor is programmed to store a plurality of parameter data for the sensor including a calibration factor, receive a plurality of sensor data from the sensor, determine a present calibration factor based on the plurality of parameter data and the plurality of sensor data, determine an updated calibration factor for the sensor based on the present calibration factor and the plurality of parameter data, and transmit the updated calibration factor to the sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to adjust subsequent sensor data based on the updated calibration factor.

Abstract: An example system includes an excitation light source and one or more optical elements to focus the excitation light onto cavities of an array. One or more samples disposed in the cavities emits a respective fluorescence signal in response to the excitation light. A grating causes each fluorescence signal to diffract. The diffraction produces a zero order beam and a first order beam for each fluorescence signal. A camera captures an image of the zero order beam and the first order beam from an image relay lens, which causes the first order beam to be spatially separated from the zero order beam on the image. The image indicates an intensity profile based on the spatial separation. The intensity profile identifies the at least one sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a characteristic of a photoluminescent (PL) layer comprises: a light source that generates an excitation light that includes light from the visible or near-visible spectrum; an optical assembly configured to direct the excitation light onto a PL layer; a detector that is configured to receive a PL emission generated by the PL layer in response to the excitation light interacting with the PL layer and generate a signal based on the PL emission; and a computing device coupled to the detector and configured to receive the signal from the detector and determine a characteristic of the PL layer based on the signal.

Abstract: A system including a first container, wherein the first container includes a sample. The system includes a second container, wherein the second container comprises a reagent. Additionally, the system includes a test cell, wherein the test cell is configured to receive the sample and the reagent. Further, the reagent includes at least one of Griess reagent, sulfanilamide, or 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. Moreover, the test cell is situated in a chamber, wherein internal walls of the chamber are white.

Abstract: A method for identifying the presence of partly liberated diamonds in a material stream. The method can include illuminating a material with a multi-wavelength beam including at least one monochromatic SWIR laser beam, and at least one IR scatter-/anti-scatter laser beam, capturing a portion of the at least one monochromatic SWIR laser beam after the monochromatic SWIR laser beam has been reflected and/or scattered by the material, producing a SWIR signal based on the captured portion of the at least one monochromatic SWIR laser beam, and capturing a first portion of the at least one IR scatter-/anti-scatter laser beam after the at least one IR scatter-/anti-scatter laser beam has been scattered and optionally reflected by the material.

Abstract: Determining parameters of a patterned structure located on top of an underneath layered structure, where input data is provided which includes first measured data PMD being a function ƒ of spectral intensity I? and phase ?, PMD=ƒ(I?; ?), corresponding to a complex spectral response of the underneath layered structure, and second measured data Smeas indicative of specular reflection spectral response of a sample formed by the patterned structure and the underneath layered structure, and where a general function F is also provided describing a relation between a theoretical optical response Stheor of the sample and a modeled optical response Smodel of the patterned structure and the complex spectral response PMD of the underneath layered structure, such that Stheor=F(Smodel; PMD), where the general function is then utilized for comparing the second measured data Smeas and the theoretical optical response Stheor, and determining parameter(s) of interest of the top structure.

Abstract: An inspection system includes a thermographic sensor configured to capture thermographic data of a component having holes as a fluid is pulsed toward the holes, and one or more processors configured to temporally process the thermographic data to calculate temporal scores for the corresponding holes, spatially process the thermographic data to calculate spatial scores for the corresponding holes, and calculate composite scores associated with the holes based on the temporal scores and based on the spatial scores. The composite scores represent a likelihood that the corresponding holes are open, blocked or partially blocked.

Abstract: A non-destructive testing method of analyzing a sample comprising a composite material is disclosed. The method comprises: emitting an electromagnetic signal onto the sample, the electromagnetic signal having a range of frequencies; detecting a response signal transmitted and/or reflected by the sample in response to the electromagnetic signal; processing the response signal to determine variation with frequency of a dielectric permittivity of the sample over the range of frequencies; and determining an indication of a structural characteristic of the sample from a measure of the variation with frequency of the dielectric permittivity of the sample.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system includes the following. An X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus includes an X-ray source, a plurality of gratings, and an X-ray detector. An X-ray is irradiated from the X-ray source through the examined target which is an object and the plurality of gratings and to the X-ray detector to obtain a moire image necessary to generate the reconstructed image of the examined target. A first database shows, for each name or type of material, a correlation between information regarding a signal strength in the reconstructed image generated based on the moire image and quality information of the material included in the examined target. A controller estimates as the evaluation index the quality information in the examined target from the reconstructed image based on information regarding the input name or the type of material and input shape information and the first database.

Abstract: A system for X-ray topography, the system includes a source assembly, a detector assembly, a filter and a processor. The source assembly is configured to direct at least an X-ray beam to impinge, at an angle, on a first surface of a sample, the X-ray beam is divergent when impinging on the first surface. The detector assembly is configured to detect the X-ray beam that had entered the sample at the first surface, diffracted while passing through the sample and exited the sample at a second surface that is opposite to the first surface, and to produce an electrical signal in response to the detected X-ray beam. The filter is mounted between the source assembly and the first surface, and is configured to attenuate an intensity of a selected spectral portion of the X-ray beam. The processor is configured to detect one or more defects in the sample based on the electrical signal.

Abstract: The X-ray analysis apparatus of the present invention comprises a sample stage for supporting a sample, a goniometer having an axis of rotation, and an X-ray detector arranged to be rotatable about the axis of rotation of the goniometer, wherein the X-ray detector is arranged to receive X-rays from the sample directed along an X-ray beam path. The X-ray analysis apparatus further comprises a first collimator, a second collimator and a third collimator each having a first configuration and a second configuration. In its first configuration, the collimator is arranged in the X-ray beam path. In its second configuration the collimator is arranged outside of the X-ray beam path. A first actuator arrangement is configured to move the first collimator and the second collimator between the first configuration and the second configuration by moving the first collimator and the second collimator in a lateral direction that intersects the X-ray beam path.

Abstract: An X-ray analysis apparatus comprises an X-ray source configured to irradiate a sample with an incident X-ray beam. A first beam mask component is arranged between the X-ray source and the sample. The first beam mask component has a first opening for limiting the size of the incident X-ray beam. When the first beam mask component is in a first configuration, the first opening is arranged in the incident X-ray beam. The first beam mask component further comprises a second opening. When the first beam mask component is in a second configuration, the second opening is arranged in the incident X-ray beam. The second opening does not limit the size of the incident X-ray beam. A controller is configured to control a first beam mask component actuator to change the configuration of the first beam mask component between the first configuration and the second configuration by moving the first beam mask component in a plane intersected by the incident X-ray beam.

Abstract: An X-ray analysis apparatus and method. The apparatus comprises an adjustable slit (210) between an X-ray source (4) and a sample (6); and optionally a further slit (220, 220a). A controller (17) is configured to control a width of the adjustable slit, between a first width, a larger second width, and an even larger third width. At the first and second widths: the adjustable slit (210) limits the divergence of the incident beam and thereby limits an area of the sample that is irradiated; and the further slit (220) does not limit the divergence of the incident beam. At the third width: the adjustable slit (210) does not limit the divergence of the incident beam, and the further slit (220) limits the divergence of the incident beam and thereby limits the area of the sample that is irradiated. Alternatively, at the third width, the adjustable slit (210) continues to limit the area irradiated.

Abstract: The radiation detection device is equipped with a sample holding unit; an irradiation unit for irradiating a sample held on the sample holding unit with radiations; a detection unit for detecting the radiations generated from the sample; an illumination unit for irradiating the sample with light; an observation unit for observing the sample; and a light transmitting plate for allowing the light from the illumination unit, with which the sample held on the sample holding unit is irradiated, to be transmitted therethrough. The light transmitting plate is disposed at a position between the sample holding unit and the irradiation unit, and has an opening portion for allowing the radiations from the irradiation unit, with which the sample is irradiated, to pass therethrough and a scattering portion for scattering light.

Abstract: A method of observing a solid sample (100) with a microscope (300), comprising engaging a rotating portion (110) with a first part (104) of the sample (100), holding a second part (106) of the sample (100), and rotating the rotating portion (110) so as to rotate the first part (104) of the sample (100) relative to the second part (106) of the sample (100).

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for determining a permeability of a rock sample. One method includes measuring a first set of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation times for the rock sample saturated with regular water (H2O); injecting heavy water (D2O) into the rock sample; measuring a second set of NMR relaxation times for the rock sample after injecting D2O; calculating a pore connectivity factor based on the first set of NMR relaxation times and the second set of NMR relaxation times; and calculating the permeability of the rock sample based on the pore connectivity factor.

Abstract: A method for inspecting a metal surface (12) includes providing a first laser source (14) that is arranged to generate a first laser beam having a first wavelength comprised between 1000 nm and 1100 nm and a power higher than 1 W; providing a second laser source (16) that is arranged to generate a second laser beam having a second wavelength comprised between 1500 nm and 1800 nm and a power higher than 1 W; activating one of the first and second laser sources and transmitting the first or second laser beam to the entrance (22) of an optic (18); scanning the metal surface (12) with the laser beam projected by the optic; and acquiring at least one image of the infrared radiation emitted by the metal surface (12).

Abstract: A gas-sensing element includes a gas-sensing surface of transition metal-doped metal oxide semiconductor of a first metal (particularly tin oxide) over a body of the metal oxide semiconductor. The gas-sensing element includes an auxiliary component of: (1) internally-disposed second metal (particularly copper, gold or silver) disposed in the gas-sensing element between the body and the gas-sensing surface, or (2) a metal chalcogenide (particularly sulfide or sulphide) disposed at the gas-sensing surface or internally disposed in the gas-sensing element between the body and the gas-sensing surface that stabilizes the second metal at the gas-sensing surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gas analyzer for measuring density and/or viscosity of a medium. The gas analyzer includes a connection panel having first and second media openings, each of which extends from a first surface to a second surface of the connection panel. A sensor panel is joined together with the connection panel on a first joint plane, and a cover panel is joined together with the sensor panel on a second joint plane, on a sensor panel face facing away from the connection panel. The cover panel has a cover panel cavity which communicates with the first and second media openings, and the sensor panel has at least one oscillator cavity which communicates with the first and second media openings. The sensor panel has a micromechanical oscillator arranged in the oscillator cavity and excitable to mechanically vibrate perpendicularly to the joint planes.

Abstract: In embodiments, there is provided a cartridge comprising a container comprising an opening and a holding portion to hold a sample and/or a reagent, an electrode disposed on a container wall of the container, and a removable separator to separate at least some of the holding portion of the container from the electrode when the removable separator is inserted into the holding portion. The cartridge may be combined in a kit with a member to insert the sample, or in an electrical measuring apparatus comprising a circuit to measure electrical characteristic(s) of a second signal, resulting from application of a first signal to the electrode, and indicative of electrical characteristic(s) of the sample and/or the reagent.

Abstract: Immobilization zones through which a sample flows before reaching the proteolytic agents and/or active enzyme and associated electrode/s of an electrochemical test sensor may be used to trap or chemically deactivate active enzyme and/or proteolytic agent deactivating agents. Through either trapping or chemical deactivation, the immobilization zones substantially prevent the enzyme deactivating agents from reaching, and thus reducing the activity of the active enzyme or enzymes. Similarly, trapping or chemical deactivation may be used to prevent or substantially reduce the incidence of the proteolytic deactivating agent or agents from reaching the proteolytic agent.

Abstract: An system for recognition of a translocating polymeric target molecule includes a device having at least one constriction that is sized to permit translocation of only a single copy of the molecule. A pair of spaced apart sensing electrodes border the constriction, which may be a nanopore. The first electrode is connected to a first affinity element and the second electrode is connected to a second affinity element. Each affinity element may be connected to its corresponding electrode via one or more intermediary compounds, such as a linker molecule and/or an electrode attachment molecule. The first and second affinity elements are configured to temporarily form hydrogen bonds with first and second portions of the target molecule as the latter passes through the constriction. During translocation, the electrodes, affinity elements and first and second portions of the target molecule complete an electrical circuit and allow a measurable electrical current to pass between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A sensor element of a gas sensor includes a solid electrolyte body which has oxygen-ion conductivity, a measuring electrode that is exposed to a measured gas, a reference gas electrode that is exposed to a reference gas, and a porous protection layer. The measuring electrode is mounted on an outer surface of the solid electrolyte body. The reference electrode is mounted on an inner surface of the solid electrolyte body. The protection layer covers a surface of the measuring electrode. A plurality of open portions are formed to penetrate through the measuring electrode. A part of the protection layer is joined to the solid electrolyte body, via the plurality of open portions.

Abstract: Embodiments include systems and methods for manufacturing an electrochemical sensor. An electrochemical sensor may comprise a substrate; a plurality of electrodes printed over the substrate; a transition layer printed over the plurality of electrodes, the transition layer comprising at least a mixture of a water immiscible liquid and a hydrophilic inert substance; and a second layer comprising at least another mixture of an acid solution and a solid polymer printed over the transition layer and providing an electrolytic contact with the plurality of electrodes. A method of manufacturing an electrochemical sensor may comprise providing a plurality of electrodes over a substrate; printing a transition layer comprising at least a first mixture of a water immiscible liquid and a hydrophilic inert substance over the plurality of electrodes; and providing a second layer comprising at least a second mixture of an acid solution and a solid polymer over the transition layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical hydrogen cyanide sensor (1) comprises a housing (10) comprising an opening (2) allowing gas to enter the sensor (1); an electrolyte disposed within the housing (10); a plurality of electrodes in contact with the electrolyte within the housing (10), wherein the plurality of electrodes comprise a working electrode (5) and a counter electrode (7), and wherein the electrodes comprise a metal catalytic material; and a filter (3) operable to cover the opening (2) of the housing (10), and prevent hydrogen sulfide from reaching the electrodes, wherein the filter (3) comprises silver sulfate layered onto a polytetrafluoroethylene support material.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for compensating for inteferants in measurement of alkalinity in a reagent-less system, including: introducing an aqueous sample into a measurement device comprising one or more series of electrodes; applying an electrical signal to the aqueous sample using the one or more series of electrodes, wherein the electrical signal is selected from the group consisting of: current and voltage; identifying, during application of the electrical signal, that the electrical signal reaches an oxidation threshold and measuring, prior to reaching the oxidation threshold, a first electrical response to the electrical signal, the first electrical response attributable to interferants in the aqueous sample; identifying, during application of the electrical signal, that the electrical signal reaches an endpoint and measuring, from the oxidation threshold to the endpoint, a second electrical response to the electrical signal; and measuring an alkalinity of the aqueous sample based upon a differenc

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a drug formulation suspended in a pressurized liquid propellant and a system to enable such measurements is disclosed. Drug formulations suspended in pressurized liquid propellant used in Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers (pMDIs) are propelled in their native liquid state into an analytical instrument with a measurement cell capable of withstanding the pressure required to retain the sample in liquid form by employing a device to rapidly release the contents of the pMDI canister into the measurement instrument wherein the sample's electrophoretic mobility and size may be determined by MP-PALS or other techniques. A series of valves permits the maintenance of the high pressure in the system. Once the measurements are made, the pressurized liquid is allowed to pass to waste or another analytical instrument by opening an exit valve.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device for detecting biomarkers in collected bodily fluid and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods for determining chemical class compositions present in a sample using collision cross-section fragment ion values.

Abstract: Systems and methods to remotely manage non-destructive testing systems are disclosed. An example NDT system includes: a test process manager configured to: receive a configuration of a magnetic particle test procedure or a penetrant test procedure corresponding to a part type; and store the magnetic particle test procedure or the penetrant test procedure; and a magnetic particle inspection device or penetrant testing device, including: a communications device configured to receive the magnetic particle test procedure or the penetrant test procedure from the test process manager via a communications network; a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing machine readable instructions to: in response to identification of the part type as a part under test, access the magnetic particle test procedure or the penetrant test procedure based on the identification; and control a testing process based on the magnetic particle test procedure or the penetrant test procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for prompted setup and inspection during non-destructive testing (NDT) based inspections.

Abstract: A real time and quantitative method of measuring traction force of living cells include the following procedures. Place AT-cut and BT-cut quartz crystals of the same frequency, surface morphology and/or modified with the same cell adhesion molecules in petri dishes or detection cells; add the cells to the petri dishes or detection cells, the cell traction force at arbitrary time t during adhesion of the cells or under different internal/external environmental stimulations is estimated by the following equation: ?St=(KAT?KBT)?1[tqAT?ftAT/frAT?tqBT?ftBT/frBT]. The method can be used to track the dynamic changes of cells generated force during the adhesion of cells and under different internal/external environmental stimulations, such as the effects of drugs. The drugs can be added before or after the adhesion of the cells. This method is suitable for all adherent cells, including primary cells and passage cells.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a structure evaluation system includes a plurality of sensors, a position locator, a velocity calculator, and an evaluator. The sensors detect an elastic wave generated from a structure. The position locator derives a wave source distribution of the elastic waves generated from the structure, on the basis of the elastic waves. The velocity calculator derives a propagation velocity of the elastic wave generated from the structure, on the basis of the elastic waves. The evaluator evaluates the soundness of the structure on the basis of the wave source distribution and the propagation velocity of the elastic waves.

Abstract: A ground engaging member that engages a work material to dig into the work material includes a member body extending from a leading end to a trailing end, the member body having an internal surface defining a cavity therein, the cavity having a concavity that faces away from the leading end along a longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction extending from the leading end to the trailing end; and a first wear sensing body embedded in the member body between the cavity and the leading end along the longitudinal direction. The member body is fabricated from a ground engaging tool (GET) body material having a GET body material density. The first wear sensing body is fabricated from a wear sensing body material having a wear sensing body material density that is not equal to the GET body material density.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for scanning a test object are introduced. A reference object is scanned to build a gain correction map including gain values for scanning points on a surface of the reference object. The test object is also scanned to obtain measurements for scanning points on a surface of the test object. Amplitudes of the measurements obtained for the scanning points on the surface of the test object are normalized using the gain values of the gain correction map. The apparatus has a probe mounted on a mechanical scanner, and a controller controlling the scanning and normalizing operations. The method and apparatus can be used to create an image of the test object for non-destructive testing.

Abstract: A method for processing ultrasound signals including controlling emission transducers for M successive emissions of plane ultrasound waves having M different angles of emission, controlling N reception transducers in order to simultaneously receive N measurement time signals per emission, and obtaining a matrix [MR(t)] of ultrasound time signals, each coefficient MRi,j(t) of this matrix representing the measurement signal received by the i-th reception transducer caused by the j-th emission. It further includes performing singular-value decomposition of a matrix [FTMR(f)] of frequency signals obtained by transforming the matrix [MR(t)], and eliminating a portion of the singular values and reconstructing a denoised matrix [MRU(t)] of time signals on the basis of the singular values not eliminated.

Abstract: A sensor module for obtaining sensor data relevant to a piece of equipment. The sensor module comprises a housing including a base. The base includes a mounting assembly for securing the sensor module to the piece of equipment. The sensor module additionally comprises a processing assembly at least partially enclosed within an interior space presented by the housing. The processing assembly includes a first temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the interior space of the housing. The processing assembly additionally includes a second temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature external to the housing. The processing assembly additionally includes a vibration sensor configured to measure vibrations experienced by the sensor module. The processing assembly further includes a communication element for wirelessly transmitting the sensor data.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the structural health of a structure that supports guided propagation modes of elastic waves, includes the following steps: a) acquiring an ambient noise propagating through the structure by means of at least one pair of non-collocated elastic-wave sensors; b) estimating a function representative of an impulse response of the structure for elastic propagation between the constituent sensors of said pair; c) extracting at least one dispersion curve of the elastic propagation through the structure by time-frequency analysis of this function representative of an impulse response; and d) estimating at least one parameter indicative of a mechanical property of a constituent material of the structure from the dispersion curve obtained in step c). A system for implementing such a method is also provided.

Abstract: A field flow fractionation apparatus includes a separation channel provided with an inlet port and an outlet port at both ends and forming a space through which a carrier fluid flows between the inlet port and the outlet port, a separation membrane which is a wall surface that defines the separation channel and is parallel to a channel flow in which a carrier fluid flows in the separation channel from the inlet port toward the outlet port, and has a property of permeating the carrier fluid and not permeating particles to be separated, and a discharge port that discharges the carrier fluid having permeated through the separation membrane to outside. At least a part of the surface of the separation membrane is an ion exchangeable region in which a functional group having ion exchangeability is modified.

Abstract: The invention provides a centrifugal separation type FFF device where a rotor can be rotated at a high speed safely so that particles of a smaller size in a sample liquid can be classified. A field flow fractionation device 11 is provided with: a channel 26 that is attached to the inner circumferential surface 53a of the peripheral portion 53 of a rotor 51 and where a classification flow path 38 is created; flow paths 31, 33, 41, 42, 34, 32 for feeding a sample liquid into and out from the classification flow path 38; and a rotational drive mechanism 28 for rotating the rotational axis 24, wherein a channel installation portion 55 is formed on one side of the peripheral portion 53, and a mass balancer portion 56 for adjusting the mass distribution of the rotor 51 is formed on the other side with the rotor base in between.

Abstract: An integrated system has functions of high-abundance protein depletion, on-line denaturation and reduction of middle and low-abundance proteins, desalting and protein digestion. This system includes an antibody column for the depletion of high-abundance protein from body fluids, clustering hollow fiber membranes based high temperature denaturator and reducer, solvent exchanger and immobilized enzymatic reactor. The protein sample from body fluid is firstly treated by antibody column to remove the high-abundance proteins, and then the eluted medium-low abundance protein is subjected to on-line, rapid denaturation and reduction by a high-temperature denaturator and reducer, subsequently the denaturing and the reducing agents in proteins are removed by a solvent exchanger, finally the purified proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed by an immobilized enzymatic reactor. The peptides produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis can be analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS).

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a variety of improved techniques including an injection module pairable with an injection port of a gas chromatography device. The injection module can include a cylindrical body, a cap with permeable membrane, a first reservoir for a sample, and a second reservoir for a volume of solvent. An internal membrane can be disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir. The injection module can include a circular plunger creating a seal with an inner surface of the cylindrical body of the injection module and configured to expel the sample and solvent by gliding along the inner surface of the cylindrical body. A server can monitor analytes detected by the gas chromatography device and generate recommendations for a user of the gas chromatography device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a column exchange device for simpler column exchange and a column suitable for this column exchange device. A column exchange mechanism according to the present invention is provided with a column having inward-facing threads at both ends thereof and a first joining part and second joining part for fixing the ends of the column. The column exchange mechanism is characterized in that the first joining part and second joining part have screw parts that are joined to the ends of the column and the direction in which the screw of the screw part of the first joining part is to be turned to tighten the same and the direction in which the screw of the screw part of the second joining part is to be turned to tighten the same are opposite directions.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus for ion source devices with minimized post-column volumes are described. In one embodiment, for example, an ion source assembly may include a chromatography column in fluid communication with an ion source device, the chromatography column arranged within a minimum distance of the ion source, the minimum distance comprising between about 60 mm and about 150 mm.

Abstract: Systems for quantifying a target analyte concentration in a process solution are provided and can be used, for example, in methods for quantifying a target analyte concentration. These systems and methods include continuous automated titration methods that use titration chemistries to measure the target analyte concentration in the process solution. The method steps provide for efficient and robust automated titration methods for a variety of target analytes and can include methods that provide for methods that provide a dynamic range for measurement of target analyte concentrations.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for measuring fluoride concentration in an aqueous solution, including: preparing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) monomethyl ether to produce an ester; reacting the ester in the presence of ammoniated tetrahydrofuran to produce an amino polyethylene glycol; placing, in a solution comprising a benzaldehyde species with a phenol functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group, a 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine derivative to produce a hemicyanine with a phenol functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group; combining, in a polar aprotic solvent, the hemicyanine with the phenol functional group and carboxylic acid functional group with a 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and adding the amino-PEG to produce a hemicyanine-PEG; and creating a fluoride sensitive hemicyanine species by reacting the hemicyanine-PEG that contains a phenol functional group with a SiR3 species. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method and an apparatus for quantitatively analyzing a gaseous process stream, in particular a stream from a process for producing ethylene carbonate and/or ethylene glycol, in particular where such stream comprises gaseous organic iodides.