Abstract: An embodiment is MEMS device including a first MEMS die having a first cavity at a first pressure, a second MEMS die having a second cavity at a second pressure, the second pressure being different from the first pressure, and a molding material surrounding the first MEMS die and the second MEMS die, the molding material having a first surface over the first and the second MEMS dies. The device further includes a first set of electrical connectors in the molding material, each of the first set of electrical connectors coupling at least one of the first and the second MEMS dies to the first surface of the molding material, and a second set of electrical connectors over the first surface of the molding material, each of the second set of electrical connectors being coupled to at least one of the first set of electrical connectors.

Abstract: Aspect of the disclosure provide a packaging technique for making a directional microphone which employs mechanical structures to cancel undesired background noise to realize the directional function instead of an extra sensor required in electronic noise-cancelling techniques, thus reducing footprint and cost of a directional microphone. A directional microphone based on this technique can include an acoustic sensor and a housing enclosing the acoustic sensor. The acoustic sensor can include a sensing diaphragm, a cavity below the sensing diaphragm, and a first substrate. The directional microphone device can further include a channel with an inlet open at an edge of the first substrate and an outlet connected with the cavity. The housing can include a cover attached to a second substrate supporting the first substrate. The cover can include a first opening over the sensing diaphragm and a second opening at a side of the cover.

Abstract: A MEMS switch includes a first signal line provided in a first beam, a first GND adjacent to the first signal line, a second signal line provided in a second beam, and a second GND adjacent to the second signal line. A contact terminal is fixed to any one of the first signal line and the second signal line and performs connection between the first signal line and the second signal line according to deformation of the first beam.

Abstract: A monolithically integrated multi-sensor (MIMS) is disclosed. A MIMs integrated circuit comprises a plurality of sensors. For example, the integrated circuit can comprise three or more sensors where each sensor measures a different parameter. The three or more sensors can share one or more layers to form each sensor structure. In one embodiment, the three or more sensors can comprise MEMs sensor structures. Examples of the sensors that can be formed on a MIMs integrated circuit are an inertial sensor, a pressure sensor, a tactile sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a microphone, a force sensor, a load sensor, a magnetic sensor, a flow sensor, a light sensor, an electric field sensor, an electrical impedance sensor, a galvanic skin response sensor, a chemical sensor, a gas sensor, a liquid sensor, a solids sensor, and a biological sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a CMOS structure, including a substrate, a metallization layer over the substrate, a sensing structure over the metallization layer, and a signal transmitting structure adjacent to the sensing structure. The sensing structure includes an outgassing layer over the metallization layer, a patterned outgassing barrier over the outgassing layer; and an electrode over the patterned outgassing barrier. The signal transmitting structure electrically couples the electrode and the metallization layer.

Abstract: A device includes a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) wafer and a conductive shielding layer. The CMOS wafer includes a semiconductor substrate, at least one front-end-of-the-line (FEOL) element, at least one back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) element and at least one dielectric layer. The FEOL element is disposed on the semiconductor substrate, the dielectric layer is disposed on the semiconductor substrate, and the BEOL element is disposed on the dielectric layer. The conductive shielding layer is disposed on the dielectric layer, in which the conductive shielding layer is electrically connected to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method embodiment includes providing a micro-electromechanical (MEMS) wafer including a polysilicon layer having a first and a second portion. A carrier wafer is bonded to a first surface of the MEMS wafer. Bonding the carrier wafer creates a first cavity. A first surface of the first portion of the polysilicon layer is exposed to a pressure level of the first cavity. A cap wafer is bonded to a second surface of the MEMS wafer opposite the first surface of the MEMS wafer. The bonding the cap wafer creates a second cavity comprising the second portion of the polysilicon layer and a third cavity. A second surface of the first portion of the polysilicon layer is exposed to a pressure level of the third cavity. The first cavity or the third cavity is exposed to an ambient environment.

Abstract: Representative implementations of techniques and devices provide seals for sealing the joints of bonded microelectronic devices as well as bonded and sealed microelectronic assemblies. Seals are disposed at joined surfaces of stacked dies and wafers to seal the joined surfaces. The seals may be disposed at an exterior periphery of the bonded microelectronic devices or disposed within the periphery using the various techniques.

Abstract: Devices and methods for safely using acid/chlorite ClO2 generator chemistry for water treatment, whereby a valve prevents chemical draw unless there is both vacuum within the reaction chamber as well as suitable water volume in the flow chamber for dilution, are described. The float-dependent valve can also allow for direct venting from the reaction chamber to the flow chamber in the event of elevated pressure in the reaction chamber. This approach delivers an inherently safer ClO2 generator design for systems that utilize high strength reactor zones with ClO2 concentration above 3,000 ppm.

Abstract: Catalysts, catalytic systems and related synthetic methods for in situ production of H2O2 and use thereof in reaction with oxidizable substrates.

Abstract: A method for increasing sulfur recovery from an acid gas feed comprising the steps of introducing the acid gas feed and a sulfur dioxide enriched air stream to a Claus process to produce a product gas stream, introducing the product gas stream to a thermal oxidizer to produce a flue gas stream, cooling the flue gas stream to produce a cooled take-off stream, separating the cooled take-off stream into a saturated gas stream, heating the saturated gas stream to produce a membrane gas stream, introducing the membrane gas stream to a membrane sweeping unit, the membrane sweeping unit comprises a membrane, the sulfur dioxide in the membrane gas stream permeates the membrane of the membrane sweeping unit, introducing a sweep air stream, the sweep air stream collects the sulfur dioxide to create the sulfur dioxide enriched air stream.

Abstract: A process for recovering sulfur in a sulfur recovery unit comprising the steps of reacting hydrogen sulfide and oxygen in the reaction furnace at a minimum reaction temperature to produce a reaction effluent; reducing the temperature of the reaction effluent from the minimum reaction temperature to a boiler section outlet temperature to produce a cooled effluent, the cooled effluent comprises hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur-containing contaminants; reacting the hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur-containing contaminants in the catalytic extension to produce a boiler catalytic effluent; reducing the boiler catalytic effluent temperature such that the elemental sulfur condenses to form liquid sulfur and a gases stream; reacting the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing contaminants with the oxygen to produce an oxidizer outlet stream comprises sulfur dioxide; and separating the sulfur dioxide in the scrubbing unit to produce a recycle stream and an effluent gases, the recycle stream compr

Abstract: Aluminum nitride crystal particles, aluminum nitride powders containing the same, production processes for both of them, an organic polymer composition comprising the aluminum nitride crystal particles and a sintered body. Each of the aluminum nitride crystal particles has a flat octahedral shape in a direction where hexagonal faces are opposed to each other, which is composed of two opposed hexagonal faces and 6 rectangular faces, in which the average distance “D” between two opposed corners of each of the hexagonal faces is 3 to 110 ?m, the length “L” of the short side of each of the rectangular faces is 2 to 45 ?m, and L/D is 0.05 to 0.8; each of the hexagonal faces and each of the rectangular faces cross each other to form a curve without forming a single ridge; and the true destiny is 3.20 to 3.26 g/cm3.

Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a heating block, substrate, motor and collection device. The substrate is arranged about the heating block and is configured to receive heat from the heating block. A motor is connected to the substrate to rotate the substrate about the heating block. A cathode and anode are configured to direct a flux stream for deposit onto the rotating substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. A heating element is embedded in the heating block and imparts heat to the heating block. The heating block is made of cement or other material that uniformly disperses the heat from the heating element throughout the heating block. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: Provided is a method for continuously preparing graphene oxide nanoplatelets by electrochemical treatment, comprising using a continuous graphite product, successively processing two step treatments, i.e. an electrochemical intercalation and an electrolytic oxidation stripping. The electrochemical intercalation is carried out in a concentrated acid, using a graphite material as an anode and energizing under a soaking condition such that acid radical ions enter into graphite interlamination under the drive of an electric field, to form an intercalated graphite continuous material with first-order or low-order intercalation. The electrolytic stripping is using the intercalated continuous graphite material as an anode, energizing in an aqueous electrolyte solution, and performing oxidation stripping.

Abstract: The present provides a carbon material containing 50 to 1,000 ppm by mass of vanadium (V), wherein a mean particle diameter D50 is 3 to 7 ?m; a tapping density after 400 times of tapping is 0.40 to 1.00 g/cm3; a BET specific surface area is 4.0 to 12.0 m2/g; an R value (ID/IG) measured in the spectrum observed by Raman spectroscopy is 0.10 to 0.30; and an interplanar spacing d002 of plane (002) (nm) and Lc002 (nm) as being the size in the c-axis direction of the graphite crystals satisfy the relationship represented by the following formulae (1) and (2) 0.3362?d002?0.3370??(1) ?23660×d002+8010?Lc002??23660×d002+8025??(2); which is suitable for a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery having a low resistance and a high coulomb efficiency; a method for producing the same; a carbon material for a battery electrode; an electrode; and a lithium-ion secondary battery using the above-described carbon material.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a preparation method of a sulfonated two-dimensional titanium carbide nanosheet, which comprises the following steps of preparing two-dimensional titanium carbide by using aluminum atomic layers in hydrofluoric acid chemical stripping layer-shaped titanium aluminum carbide; preparing sulfanilic acid diazosalt; conducting a sulfonation reaction between the two-dimensional titanium carbide and the sulfanilic acid diazosalt to prepare the sulfonated two-dimensional titanium carbide nanosheet. The sulfonated two-dimensional titanium carbide nano material prepared through the present invention has good dispersity in water and common organic solvents, and a single-layer or few-layer sulfonated two-dimensional titanium carbide nanosheet with large size and high quality can be obtained after ultrasonic treatment is performed on a dispersion liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for silicon nanoparticles, safety devices, solid propellants, and the like.

Abstract: An X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is disclosed that is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm3/g, and a specific surface areas of at least 60 m2/g. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is produced by reacting an inorganic magnesium compound with alcohol in a CO2 atmosphere. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate can be a powder or a pellet and acts as a desiccant in, for example, production of food, chemicals or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A process for producing alumina trihydrate includes a digestion step, a separation step, and a precipitation step the separation step including: b1) pretreating a slurry from the digestion step by adding a flocculant to said slurry and mixing the flocculant and the slurry, b2) settling the resulting flocculated slurry in a gravity settler vessel, b3) determining a measured value representative of the concentration of solid particles in the resulting clarified liquor, b4) comparing the measured value with a predetermined threshold, b5) feeding said clarified liquor directly to the precipitation step, while the measured value is less than said predetermined threshold, and b6) redirecting said clarified liquor to the pre-treatment step b1), when the measured value is more than said predetermined threshold. An installation may be configured for operating said process.

Abstract: A superstructure for thermal desalination is optimized by controlling various parameters, wherein the variable parameters include a feed routing for flow of a liquid feed; brine routings for flow of concentrated brine from the liquid feed; vapor routings for vapor generated from the liquid feed; a series of multi-effect distillation effects, each of the effects coupled with at least one routing selected from the feed routing and the brine routings and with one of the vapor routings; and a series of multi-stage flash stages coupled with at least one routing selected from the feed routing and the brine routings and with one of the vapor routings. The superstructure may or may not contain a thermal vapor compressor.

Abstract: A water purification system includes a high temperature water tank, a flameless heat source, a cylindrical vessel (hydrocyclone nest), a first pump, a steam production meter, and a steam condenser and heat exchanger. The contaminated water is heated within the high temperature water tank using the flameless heat source. The heated contaminated water heats the cylindrical vessel and one or more sets of hydrocyclones. The heated contaminated water is pumped into the cylindrical vessel such that the heated contaminated water enters a tangential inlet of the hydrocyclones, the hydrocyclones separate the heated contaminated water into steam and solids/concentrate, the steam exits through an overflow of the hydrocyclones and a first outlet of the cylindrical vessel, the solids/concentrate exit through an underflow of the hydrocyclones and a second outlet of the cylindrical vessel. The steam is condensed into purified water using the steam condenser and heat exchanger.

Abstract: Process and device for converting hydrocarbons or fatty substances that are in substantially liquid form to solid form, especially for the environmental remediation of surfaces or sites polluted by these hydrocarbons or fatty substances, characterized in that the material to be converted to solid form is brought into contact with a composition heated to the liquid state, comprising, at least in the majority proportion, tallow, and optionally a fluidizing agent, thus obtaining a solid complex material, that is easy to collect, and that can be reprocessed in order to recover the material.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A UV water treatment system comprising a reactor unit for receiving water therein and a power unit for powering the UV water treatment system. The reactor unit includes a housing and a pair of end caps that sealingly engage the housing at opposing ends. Optionally, the UV water treatment system may have a reduced footprint.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing production fluid include embodiments for removal of injected chemicals from the production fluid. An embodiment of a method includes receiving production fluid from a borehole in an earth formation, the production fluid including surfactants injected into the earth formation to stimulate production of hydrocarbons therefrom. The method also includes processing the production fluid to separate the production fluid into at least an oil phase and produced water, introducing a treatment fluid from a treatment fluid source into at least one of the production fluid and the produced water, and removing the surfactants from at least the produced water. The treatment fluid includes a concentration of multivalent cations, the multivalent cations configured to reduce water solubility of the surfactants.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system including an electrolysis treatment system and three membrane concentration systems. The electrolysis treatment system includes a first chamber that receives waste water and produces treated waste water, a second chamber that receives first recycled water and produces dilute acid discharge, and a third chamber that receives second recycled water and produces dilute caustic discharge. An anion exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the second chamber. A cation exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the third chamber. The membrane concentration system receives the treated waste water and produces a concentrated aqueous sodium sulfate product and a pure water product. A first thermal concentration system receives the dilute acid discharge and produces first recycled water and a concentrated acid product.

Abstract: The invention provides an efficient system for treating livestock waste, particularly waste from cattle or pig farming. The new facility and method employ special transfers of slurry streams through ASBR, SBR, and a unique pretreatment reactor, resulting in treated water, quality compost, and biogas.

Abstract: There are provided a lens forming mold, and a manufacturing method for a cylindrical lens, with which cylindrical lenses having good mass productivity can be manufactured. A lens forming mold for forming a molding on which a plurality of cylindrical surfaces are arranged in parallel includes: a first mold including a plurality of cylindrical surface forming portions that are arranged in parallel at equal intervals; and a first flat surface forming portion that is provided between adjacent cylindrical surface forming portions; and a second mold that sandwiches the glass material and faces the first mold when the molding is molded, in which the second mold includes a second flat surface forming portion that faces the plurality of cylindrical surface forming portions and the first flat surface forming portion.

Abstract: With a method of cutting a tube glass (G1) according to the present invention, the tube glass (G1) is irradiated with laser light (L) having a focal point (F) adjusted to an inside of the tube glass (G1), to thereby form an inner crack region (C1) including one or more cracks in a portion of the tube glass (G1) in a circumferential direction of the tube glass (G1) through multiphoton absorption that occurs in an irradiation region of the laser light (L). Then, in the tube glass (G1), there is generated a stress that urges the one or more cracks in the inner crack region (C1) to propagate in the circumferential direction of the tube glass (G1) to cause the one or more cracks to propagate throughout an entire circumference of the tube glass (G1), to thereby cut the tube glass (G1).

Abstract: Provided is an image guide fiber that improves image quality while preventing a manufacturing problem. The image guide fiber according to the present disclosure has a numerical aperture NA in the range of 0.70 to 0.90. A linear thermal expansion coefficient difference ??, which is a value obtained by subtracting a linear thermal expansion coefficient ?2 at from 100 to 300° C. of clad glass, from a linear thermal expansion coefficient ?1 at from 100 to 300° C. of core glass, is in the range of ?3×10?7° C. to 15×10?7/° C. A glass-transition temperature Tg1 of the core glass is higher than a glass-transition temperature Tg2 of the clad glass. A core occupancy area ratio is 25% or more. A pixel density is 0.1 pixel/?m2 or more.

Abstract: A vehicle glazing includes on its surface to be exposed to the exterior atmosphere, at least in a zone not wiped by the windscreen wipers, a mineral oxide layer of 0.1 to 20 ?m thickness, 30 to 90% of the volume of which consists of 20 to 300 nm open pores that are distributed uniformly throughout the thickness of the layer, and almost all of which are connected to one another, the internal and external surface of the layer being functionalized with a compound containing a perfluoroalkyl or alkyl functional group, then saturated with a hydrophobic oil that impregnates the functionalized porous layer and forms a film on the surface thereof, the at least one zone being located facing a detecting device such as an anti-collision/obstacle-detecting/security video camera, or similar, placed in the interior of the vehicle, in particular on the face of the glazing.

Abstract: This disclosure involves a method of controlling a safety critical control device, the method comprising: sending user inputs to a first state machine, identifying user inputs by the first state machine, determining the correct state to communicate to a second state machine, the correct state being determined by selecting one state of a plurality of states depending on the user inputs, communicating the correct state to a second state machine through a control bus, and determining the correct state for the second state machine based on communication from the control bus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of forming substantially crystalline, dense silicon carbide fibers from infusible polysilazane fibers by utilizing a single stage pyrolysis. The pyrolysis is performed using a continuous process in a single furnace with a constant atmospheric condition. Also disclosed are substantially crystalline, dense silicon carbide fibers formed by these methods.

Abstract: A high strength ceramic body for use in a regenerative burner media bed, comprising a generally spherical refractory portion and a plurality of irregular aggregate portions distributed randomly throughout the generally spherical portion. The aggregate portions are selected from the group comprising tabular alumina, white fused alumina, mullite, chamotte, and combinations thereof. The generally spherical portion has a porosity of less than 1 percent and is more than 99.5 weight percent alumina.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat-permeable tube which has a double-walled construction. The material of the interior wall contains ceramic matrix composite. The material of the exterior wall contains metal. The present invention further relates to the use of this tube in a rotary tube furnace and the use of the rotary tube furnace for thermal treatment of materials. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a single-walled tube containing ceramic matrix composite as rotary tube.

Abstract: A method of depositing abradable coating on an engine component is provided wherein the engine component is formed of ceramic matrix composite and one or more layers, including at least one environmental barrier coating, may be disposed on the outer layer of the CMC. An outermost layer of the structure may further comprise a porous abradable layer that is disposed on the environmental barrier coating and provides a breakable structure which inhibits blade damage. The abradable layer may be gel-cast on the component and sintered or may be direct written by extrusion process and subsequently sintered.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new fertilizer comprising water and an organic potassium source wherein the fertilizer composition has a pH range of from 5.5 to 10.0 and a salt index no greater than about 40 as measured by electrical conductivity methods. The organic potassium source is selected from the group consisting of potassium acetate, potassium formate, potassium citrate, potassium succinate, potassium propionate, and combinations thereof. The fertilizer demonstrates lower phytotoxicity damage compared to other sources of potassium for fertilizer products. The fertilizer composition may further comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, boron, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, inoculants, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to a synthetic agricultural product and methods and systems for producing a synthetic agricultural product or composition. The method of producing a synthetic agricultural product may comprise providing an effective amount of fertilizer and/or other agricultural product sufficient to effectuate a response in a plant, an effective amount of a mineral substance having a high cation exchange capacity, and an effective amount of water sufficient to effectuate a desired result in a plant. The fertilizer and/or other agricultural product and mineral substance may be added into the effective amount of water, thereby creating the synthetic agricultural product. Known ions, such as fertilizer ions, and native ions in the native mineral substance may be exchanged to produce a synthetic agricultural product.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for converting butanediol into butadiene that is fed with a butanediol feedstock, where said method comprises at least an esterification step, a pyrolysis step, and a step for separation of the pyrolysis effluent comprising at least one section for cooling said pyrolysis effluent and producing a liquid pyrolysis effluent and a steam pyrolysis effluent and a gas-liquid washing section that is fed at the top with a fraction of the butanediol diester effluent obtained from the esterification step and at the bottom with the steam pyrolysis effluent, where said section produces a butadiene effluent at the top and a washing effluent at the bottom.

Abstract: Process for converting an olefin containing hydrocarbon feed into an oligomerization product or a hydrogenated oligomerization product, comprising contacting the feed in a reactor with an oligomerization catalyst under conditions suitable to oligomerize the olefin to obtain an oligomerization product and optionally hydrogenating the oligomerization product wherein the content of the at least one C4-, C5-, C6- or C7-cyclic olefin in the feed is controlled.

Abstract: Oligomerizing C4 and C5 olefins over a SPA catalyst provides an oligomerate product stream comprising C6+ olefins that meets a gasoline T-90 specification of 380° F. The oligomerate product stream can be taken to the gasoline pool without further upgrading.

Abstract: Methods of preparing oligomers of an olefin are provided. The methods can include providing an alkylaluminum compound and irradiating the alkylaluminum compound with microwave radiation to provide an irradiated alkylaluminum compound. The methods can further include mixing the irradiated alkylaluminum compound with a chromium compound, a pyrrole compound, and a zinc compound to provide a catalyst composition. The methods can further include contacting an olefin with the composition to form oligomers of the olefin. The olefin can include ethylene, and the oligomers of the olefin can include 1-hexene.

Abstract: Provided here are systems and methods that integrate a hydrodearylation process and a transalkylation process into an aromatic recovery complex. Various other embodiments may be disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of halogenated olefins in semi-batch mode by dehydrohalogenation of halogenated alkanes in the presence of an aqueous base such as KOH which simultaneously neutralizes the resulting hydrogen halide. During the process, aqueous base is continuously added to the haloalkane which results in better yields, lower by-product formation and safer/more controllable operation.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermodynamically more stable clathrate compound including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and 5-nitroisophthalic acid as a host compound and an imidazole compound as a guest compound. The method for producing a clathrate compound includes: a mixing step of mixing a mixed solvent including a protic solvent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 5-nitroisophthalic acid, and an imidazole compound; and a heating step.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing a carboxylic acid, which method includes the steps of providing magnesium carboxylate, wherein the carboxylic acid corresponding with the carboxylate has a solubility in water at 20° C. of 80 g/100 g water or less; acidifying the magnesium carboxylate with HCl, thereby obtaining a solution comprising carboxylic acid and magnesium chloride (MgCl2); optionally a concentration step, wherein the solution comprising carboxylic acid and MgCl2 is concentrated; precipitating the carboxylic acid from the solution comprising the carboxylic acid and MgCl2, thereby obtaining a carboxylic acid precipitate and a MgCl2 solution.

Abstract: The instant disclosure discloses a method for preparing 3-hydroxybutyrate salts, which includes: (1) providing ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate or methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, and hydrolyzing through a basic catalyst to obtain 3-hydroxybutyric acid; (2) making 3-hydroxybutyric acid reacted with an inorganic base to give 3-hydroxybutyrate. The instant disclosure adopts salt formation in water to make the reaction proceed more thoroughly, and also to save reaction time, to reduce energy consumption and material loss, to improve product yield and to lower production cost. The concentration process of the roughing (i.e. crude preparation) of 3-hydroxybutyrate is omitted.

Abstract: Process for methoxycarbonylation with formic acid and methanol.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing an acid halide solution that is useful as a production intermediate or the like that allows industrially advantageous production of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. The method for producing an acid halide solution of the present disclosure includes a step ? of reacting a halogenating agent and a dicarboxylic acid compound in a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of a tetraalkylammonium salt to obtain a water-immiscible organic solvent solution including an acid halide, and a step ? of concentrating the obtained water-immiscible organic solvent solution.