Abstract: A device for processing and cataloging of a sample, in a container having a label with identifying data, has a frame; a plurality of cameras mounted to the frame; and a controller system coupled to the cameras, the controller system including a controller and a non-transitory memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the controller, cause carrying out of computer processes that produce a catalog record output characterizing the sample, such record also including the identifying data.

Abstract: A biological analysis system comprising at least one inlet and one outlet, at least two biological analysis devices connected to one another by a conveyor defining a closed circuit, each biological analysis device comprising a region for the exchange of tube holding racks with the conveyor. The conveyor and the at least one inlet of the biological analysis system comprise a reader of an identifier of a tube holding rack which reader is designed to communicate an identifier it has read to a controller of the biological analysis system, which controller is designed to apply a specific treatment to a tube holding rack identified by the reader of the conveyor and the identifier of which has not previously been read by the reader of the at least one inlet of the biological analysis system.

Abstract: An image acquisition system includes a cassette mounting unit that holds slide glasses in a plurality of stages, a cassette having an identification code imparted thereto being mounted in the cassette mounting unit, an identification code reading unit that reads an identification code from the cassette, an image acquisition unit that acquires image data of a sample held on the slide glass, and a control computer that associates the image data with cassette identification information included in the identification code read by the identification code reading unit, wherein the cassette mounting unit includes a notch portion that exposes a bar code imparted to the cassette, and the identification code reading unit includes an imaging unit that images the identification code exposed from the notch portion in a reading position.

Abstract: A sampler device for gas chromatography includes a first unit that supports and moves a second, single instrument holding unit carrying at least two instruments with respective control plungers for taking/inserting samples to be analyzed, and a third unit that actuates the plungers simultaneously. The first unit is mounted on a base and moves the second and third units along horizontal and vertical directions and between a first and a second station, at least one of which is defined beyond the plan encumbrance of the base. A control unit automatically controls the movement of the first unit between the first station, with the third unit controlled by the control unit to simultaneously take the samples to be analyzed by the two instruments, and the second station, with the third unit controlled by the control unit to simultaneously insert the previously taken samples within two distinct injectors of a gas chromatograph.

Abstract: A sample feeding propulsion mechanism for biochemical analyzer, comprising a push plate (1), a horizontal guide rail (2), a motor (3), and it further comprises a propulsive guide plate (4), a thrust roller (5) and a rotating wheel (6), the propulsive guide plate (4) is in sliding fit on the horizontal guide rail (2), the push plate (1) is joined to the propulsive guide plate (4); the rotating wheel 6 is mounted on an output shaft of the motor; the thrust roller is eccentrically mounted on one side of the rotating wheel, the propulsive guide plate is provided with a guide groove forming an included angle with the horizontal guide rail in their length directions; and the thrust roller is in rolling fit in the guide groove. The sample feeding propulsion mechanism for biochemical analyzer in this disclosure is simple in structure, small in size and occupied mounting space.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring flight parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are provided, the method includes, capturing images and collecting an angular velocity of the UAC, extracting corner points from a current frame image, estimating an estimated area according to the angular velocity of the UAV, searching for a corresponding corner point in the estimated area, obtaining a speed of each of the corner points, obtaining a pixel velocity, and obtaining an actual speed of the UAV based on the pixel velocity and a flight altitude of the UAV.

Abstract: A scanning probe system with a probe comprising a cantilever extending from a base to a free end, and a probe tip carried by the free end of the cantilever. A first driver is provided with a first driver input, the first driver arranged to drive the probe in accordance with a first drive signal at the first driver input. A second driver is provided with a second driver input, the second driver arranged to drive the probe in accordance with a second drive signal at the second driver input. A control system is arranged to control the first drive signal so that the first driver drives the base of the cantilever repeatedly towards and away from a surface of a sample in a series of cycles. A surface detector arranged to generate a surface signal for each cycle when it detects an interaction of the probe tip with the surface of the sample.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a short circuit inspection method for an all solid battery assembly is provided which includes: a step of preparing an all-solid-state battery assembly; a step of preparing a restraint jig including a pair of restraint plates sandwiching the all-solid-state battery assembly in the thickness direction, and a restraint member including a bolt and a nut, wherein where a smallest thermal expansion coefficient among the thermal expansion coefficient of the positive electrode current collector and the thermal expansion coefficient of the negative electrode current collector of the all-solid-state battery assembly is denoted by ?1, the thermal expansion coefficients of the bolt and the nut are each equal to or greater than ?1; a step of restraining the all-solid-state battery assembly; a step of increasing the resistance of the all-solid-state battery assembly by cooling; a step of applying a voltage to the all-solid-state battery assembly and measuring a current; an

Abstract: A probe socket for inspecting electric characteristics of an object to be tested. The probe socket includes a plurality of power pins for applying power to the object to be tested, a plurality of ground pins arranged in parallel with the power pins, a support block for accommodating and supporting the plurality of power pins or ground pins in parallel, and a conductive plate arranged inside the support block in a direction transverse to lengthwise directions of the power pin and the ground pin and having at least one of a power connection pattern for electrically connecting the plurality of power pins in common and a ground connection pattern for electrically connecting the plurality of ground pins in common.

Abstract: A probe head includes a linear probe whose tail and head portions are flattened and thereby have elongated-shaped cross sections, and upper and lower die units having upper and lower installation holes accommodating the tail and head portions respectively. First and second widths of the body portion are respectively larger and smaller than first and second widths of at least one of the tail and head portions. The lower installation hole includes a lower elongated-shaped hole and an upper circular hole with diameter larger than or equal to length of the elongated-shaped hole and larger than the first and second widths of the body portion. As a result, the probes of the same probe head are consistent in bending direction and moving behavior and prevented from self-rotation and drop. Besides, the wear of the probe and the dies is minimized, and the probe installation is convenient.

Abstract: An electric connection device includes: a probe (11); a probe head (12) that holds the probe (11); and an electrode substrate (13) on which an electrode pad (131) to be connected to a proximal end of the probe (11) is provided. The probe head (12) is provided with a guide pin (14) for alignment of the probe head (12) and the electrode substrate (13), and the electrode substrate (13) is provided with a guide hole group composed of a plurality of guide holes corresponding to the guide pin (14).

Abstract: A probe head includes a linear probe which is flattened at at least one of tail, body and head portions thereof and thereby defined with first and second width axes, along which each of the tail, body and head portions is defined with first and second widths, and upper and lower die units having upper and lower installation holes respectively, wherein the tail and head portions are inserted respectively, which are offset from each other along the second width axis so that the body portion is curved. The first and second widths of the body portion are respectively larger and smaller than the first and second widths of at least one of the tail and head portions. As a result, the probes of the same probe head are consistent in bending direction and moving behavior and prevented from rotation, drop and escape.

Abstract: Provided is a current sensing resistor including a plate-shaped resistive element containing a resistive material, and plate-shaped electrodes joined to opposite sides of the plate-shaped resistive element, each plate-shaped electrode containing an electrode material. Each electrode includes an upper electrode portion that is substantially flush with the resistive element, a lower electrode portion to be mounted on a wire pattern, and a step portion located between the upper electrode portion and the lower electrode portion. The upper electrode portion is wider than the resistive element and the lower electrode portion in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the electrodes are arranged.

Abstract: A current sensor includes at least one primary circuit that is intended to conduct the current to be measured, and a secondary circuit containing at least four Neel-effect® transducers, each having a coil and a superparamagnetic core. The current sensor is designed on the basis of a printed circuit board, the primary circuit including at least two distinct metal tracks that are composed of one and the same metal and connected to one another by a via made of a rivet, of a tube or of an electrolytic deposit of the same metal.

Abstract: A device for accurate measurement based on wire diameter includes a clamp and two-space compensators. The clamp includes depressible grip handles to control opening and closing of two measurement sections. Two space compensators are respectively combinable with the two measurement sections. The space compensators each have a side that is recessed to form a first clamping section, such that the first clamping section is combinable with at least two fixing elements, which are each in an arc curved shape having one side recessed to form a second clamping section. The fixing elements are structured such that inside diameters defined by the second clamping sections thereof are reduced one by one in a direction away from the first clamping section. The fixing elements are selectable to have the inside diameter of the second clamping section matching a size of an electric wire to be measured.

Abstract: A current sensor includes a conductor through which a current as a measurement target flows and two magnetic sensors. The conductor includes a first flow path, a second flow path adjacent to or in a vicinity of the first flow path in a width direction of the first flow path, and a first joining portion in which the first flow path and the second flow path merge with each other. The two magnetic sensors are provided side by side in a width direction and detect magnetic fields produced by currents that flow through the conductor. The conductor is provided with a first notch portion, in which a side edge in a farther side portion from the second flow path, of both of side edges of the first flow path in the width direction is notched.

Abstract: A method for analyzing power quality events in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one of a plurality of metering devices in the electrical system to generate or update a plurality of dynamic tolerance curves. Each of the plurality of dynamic tolerance curves characterizes a response characteristic of the electrical system at a respective metering point of a plurality of metering points in the electrical system. Power quality data from the plurality of dynamic tolerance curves is selectively aggregated to analyze power quality events in the electrical system.

Abstract: An electronic device has a sealing part 90, a first main terminal 11 protruding outward from the sealing part 90, a second main terminal 12 protruding outwardly from the sealing part, an electronic element 95 provided in the sealing part and having a front surface electrically connected to the first main terminal 11 and a back surface electrically connected to the second main terminal 12, a head part 40 connected to the front surface of the electronic element 95, a sensing terminal 13 protruding to an outside from the sealing part 90 and used for sensing and a connection part 35 integrally formed with the head part 40 and electrically connected to the sensing terminal 13. A current flowing through the sensing terminal 13 and the connection part 35 among a sensing current path does not overlap a main current path flowing through the second main terminal 12, the electronic element 95 and the first main terminal 11.

Abstract: A current sensor for detecting a current from or into a vehicle battery, comprising: * a measurement circuit; and * an electric conductor, having:—at least one first measurement path, defined by a first potential pick-up contacting means (1) and a second potential pick-up contacting means (2), at which a first voltage (U1) over the first measurement path can be detected;—a first connection contact (21) for electrically contacting a connection element;—a second connection contact (22) for electrically contacting a battery pole terminal; and—a current feed contacting means (5) for electrically contacting a device for providing a calibration current; wherein the first measurement path is formed in series between the first connection contact (21) and the second connection contact (22), wherein the electrical conductor, on account of its geometrical parameters (11,12,13,14,15) and contacting means (1,2,3,4,5,6,21,22), is formed in such a way that a calibration current (Iref) that can be fed at the current feed con

Abstract: A device includes a first transistor coupled to an input voltage source and to an output voltage node and an amplifier comprising a first input, a second input, and an output. The device also includes a second transistor coupled to the input voltage source and the first input of the amplifier and a third transistor coupled to the second transistor and a ground node. The third transistor includes a control terminal coupled to the output of the amplifier. The device also includes a first voltage-controlled voltage source coupled to a control terminal of the first transistor and a control terminal of the second transistor and a second voltage-controlled voltage source coupled to the first transistor and the second input of the amplifier.

Abstract: An electric power system comprises recording devices (101-105) located at different elements of the electric power system and configured to record waveform samples of quantities related to operation of the elements of the electric power system. The electric power system comprises a central device (106) configured to receive the recorded waveform samples from the recording devices. The recording devices are synchronized to maintain a common clock time and to associate, to each of the recorded waveform samples, one or more timing values indicative of the clock time during recording the waveform sample. As the timing values are associated to the waveform samples, it is possible to reconstruct a time order of phenomena indicated by the recorded waveform samples. Thus, it is possible to identify which of the phenomena are causes and which are consequences when analyzing for example what happened prior to a fault situation.

Abstract: A method for managing power quality events in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data captured by an intelligent electronic device (IED) to identify at least one power quality event associated with one or more loads monitored by the IED. The IED and the loads are installed at respective locations in the electrical system. The method also includes determining an impact of the at least one identified power quality event on one or more of the loads, and using the at least one identified power quality event and the determined impact to generate a tolerance curve associated with the one or more of the loads. The tolerance curve characterizes a tolerance level of the loads to certain power quality events. The loads can include one or more loads “downstream” from the IED in the electrical system and/or one or more loads “upstream” from IED in the electrical system.

Abstract: A method for quantifying power quality events in an electrical system including a plurality of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one first IED of the plurality of IEDs to identify a power quality event at a first point of installation of the at least one first IED in the electrical system. An impact of the power quality event at a second point of installation in the electrical system is determined based on an evaluation of electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one second IED of the plurality of IEDs at the second point of installation proximate to a determined time of occurrence of the power quality event at the first point of installation.

Abstract: A method for verifying the wiring of an electrical energy meter, the meter comprising an upstream phase terminal, a downstream phase terminal and a cut-off member mounted between the upstream phase terminal and the downstream phase terminal, the verification method comprising the steps of: opening the cut-off member; measuring an upstream phase voltage upstream from the cut-off member and a downstream phase voltage downstream from the cut-off member; detecting, particularly according to a measurement of the upstream phase voltage and a measurement of the downstream phase voltage, a possible wiring error; if a wiring error is detected, generating and alert; if no wiring error is detected, closing the cut-off member and putting the meter in a nominal operating mode.

Abstract: A high-precision frequency measuring system and method. The system includes: an analog-to-digital conversion module for receiving an analog intermediate frequency signal to convert the analog intermediate frequency signal into a digital intermediate frequency signal; a frequency mixing module for generating two orthogonal local carriers to convert the digital intermediate frequency signal to a digital baseband signal; an extraction filter module for performing low-pass filtering and extraction of the digital baseband signal, so as to reduce a data rate; a Fourier transform module for obtaining a frequency domain signal; a frequency measurement module for obtaining a first frequency measurement value; a scanning module for obtaining a scanned second frequency measurement value; and a selector for selecting either the first frequency measurement value or the second frequency measurement value as a result of frequency measurement. The system and method can improve the accuracy of frequency measurement.

Abstract: A system is provided to analyze cross-modulation distortion in audio devices, which may include testing with audio frequencies. One or more distortion signals from the audio device may be measured for an amplitude, phase, and or frequency modulation effect. In another embodiment a musical signal may be used as a test signal. Providing additional test signals to the audio device can induce a time varying cross-modulation distortion signal from an output of the audio device. Also utilizing at least one additional filter, filter bank, demodulator and or frequency converter and or frequency multiplier provides extra examination of distortion. Also frequency and or phase response can be measured with the presence of a de-sensing signal and or another signal that induce near slew rate limiting or near overload condition of the device under test.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave measurement apparatus includes: a probe light generation unit configured to generate probe light of two wavelengths; and an electro-optic probe configured to receive the probe light generated by the probe light generation unit and a detection target electromagnetic wave, wherein the probe light generation unit performs a fluctuation operation to cause a frequency difference of the probe light to fluctuate, and the content of the fluctuation operation is set so as to conform to specifications regarding frequency fluctuation of the detection target electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A device for measuring electrical properties of electrical contacts within an electroplating apparatus has a disc-shaped structure like that of a wafer. Multiple conductive pads are formed to collectively circumscribe an outer periphery of the disc-shaped structure. Adjacently positioned ones of the conductive pads are electrically isolated from each other. The device includes a current source that supplies electric current at a first terminal and sinks electric current at a second terminal. The device includes measurement circuitry, having first and second input terminals, that determines a value of an electrical parameter based on signals present at the first and second input terminals. The device includes switching circuitry for connecting selected ones of the conductive pads to the first and second terminals of the current source and to the first and second input terminals of the measurement circuitry at a given time. The device also includes an onboard power supply.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit test system can include a first semiconductor integrated circuit tester configured to conduct a first test of a first characteristic of one of a plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits, wherein the first test is completed by the first semiconductor integrated circuit tester within a first test time. A second semiconductor integrated circuit tester, can be coupled to the first semiconductor integrated circuit tester, where the second semiconductor integrated circuit tester can be configured to conduct a second test of a second characteristic of each of the plurality of the semiconductor integrated circuits simultaneously, wherein the second test is completed within a second test time that is at least about two orders of magnitude more than the first test time.

Abstract: The fault diagnosis circuit includes a first line including a first resistor, having one end connected to the positive (+) terminal of a battery, and having the other end connected to a first input unit of an analog to digital converter (ADC); a second line including a second resistor, having one end connected to the positive (+) terminal of the battery, and having the other end connected to a first input unit of a comparator; and a third line including a third resistor, having one end connected to the negative (?) terminal of the battery, having a first other end connected to a second input unit of the ADC, and having a second other end connected to a second input unit of the comparator. A fault in a battery management system can be efficiently diagnosed using a smaller number of elements.

Abstract: In described examples, a circuit includes a first driver. The first driver is coupled to a first node, and the first node is coupled to an output pin. A second driver is coupled to a second node, and the second node is coupled to a first voltage terminal. A comparator is coupled to the first node and the second node. A sustaining driver is coupled to the comparator and provides a threshold current to each of the first node and the second node when a short is detected at the output pin.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and system for quickly detecting a cathode short circuit.

Abstract: An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system is provided which includes an input configured to receive input power, an output configured to provide output power to a load, power conversion circuitry coupled to the input and the output, a capacitor coupled to the power conversion circuitry, and a controller coupled to the power conversion circuitry. The controller is configured to determine a first value indicative of an equivalent series resistance of the capacitor, determine, based on the first value, if the capacitor satisfies at least one criterion, and execute, responsive to determining that the relative value satisfies the at least one criterion, one or more actions to address degradation of the capacitor.

Abstract: In a jig main body constructing a conduction inspection jig, a pin guard plate is arranged so as to be movable back and forth between the main body bottom portion and the main body guide portion. Before conduction inspection, the tip end of a conduction pin is positioned outside the conduction pin hole. When the pin guard plate moves towards a side of the main body bottom portion with a start of the conduction inspection, only the tip end of the normal conduction pin without bent enters into the conduction pin hole and penetrates, and thereby protrudes from the conduction pin hole. An inspection method of a conduction pin includes an arranging step of arranging the tip end outside the conduction pin hole, a moving step of moving the pin guard plate, and a detecting step of detecting whether or not the tip end enters into the conduction pin hole.

Abstract: A method for accurately locating a cable defect of an in-ground cable for transmitting electricity, in which a precise position is established with a mobile pinpointing device based on an approximate position of the cable defect that was established previously. A distance of the defect location of the cable from a current position of the mobile pinpointing device is determined by the mobile pinpointing device. The current position is captured by the mobile pinpointing device using a GPS receiver. Subsequently, at least one possible precise position is determined by the pinpointing device based on the captured current position of the pinpointing device, the established distance of the defect location from the current position of the pinpointing device and the extent of the cable that is stored in the pinpointing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for diagnosing an insulation element within a battery management system (BMS), in which an input terminal and an output terminal of an insulation element obtain a battery pack diagnosis signal that is output through a battery monitoring circuit and passes through the insulation element, and then abnormality of the insulation element is diagnosed based on a bit operation value of the obtained battery pack diagnosis signal, or an input terminal and an output terminal of the insulation element obtain a transceived communication signal and then abnormality of the insulation element is diagnosed based on a bit operation value of the obtained transceived communication signal.

Abstract: A thyristor valve test system based on cooperation of logic functions of software, wherein the test system comprises: a thyristor valve (5) to be tested, a VBE (3) and a tester (4), and the VBE (3) has a dedicated test mode, the tester (4) provides three steps for each test item. The thyristor valve (5) to be tested and the VBE (3) are connected by optical fibers (1), and the thyristor valve (5) to be tested and the tester (4) are connected by cables (2), and there is no connection between the VBE (3) and the tester (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a testing device and to a method for testing circuit boards, in particular un-equipped or partially-equipped circuit boards. The testing device is a flying probe with a shuttle or two sub-shuttles, which can displace a circuit board to be tested to a test area in an alternating manner. In addition, the sub-shuttles can be used for commonly holding a large circuit board.

Abstract: An inspection system includes a plurality of prober units each configured to bring probes of a probe card into contact with devices formed on a substrate on a stage, and a tester configured to apply electrical signals to the devices on the substrate through the probe card to inspect electrical characteristics of the devices. The plurality of prober units are arranged such that a plurality of units each of which has the prober units stacked in multiple stages are arranged in multiple rows in a horizontal direction, and at least one test unit constituting a main part of the tester is arranged to a side of a predetermined prober unit among the plurality of prober units.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a supply voltage to a device under test includes: a controlled source; a switchable resistor circuited between the output of the controlled source and a dut port, having a comparatively smaller first resistance in a first switch state and a second resistance in a second switch state; a regulator that provides a control signal to the controlled source, to regulate a voltage to be provided to the dut. The apparatus changes a switch state of the switchable resistor while a voltage is provided to the dut via the switchable resistor. The apparatus injects a compensation signal into a control loop including the regulator, the controlled source and the switchable resistor, to thereby cause a change of the voltage provided by the controlled source, to at least partially compensate a change of a voltage drop across the switchable resistor.

Abstract: An inspection system includes a prober, a tester and a malfunction analysis/prediction unit. The prober has a stage holding a substrate having multiple devices formed thereon, a transport unit that transfers the substrate to the stage, and a probe card that brings a plurality of probes into contact with electrodes of the multiple devices on the substrate. A tester applies electrical signals to the multiple devices on the substrate through the probe card and inspects electrical characteristics of the multiple devices. The malfunction analysis/prediction unit, when a malfunction or a sign indicating a stage leading to the malfunction has occurred during an inspection, analyzes history information of the prober and tester related to the malfunction to determine or predict a location of the malfunction.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a supply voltage to a device under test includes a controlled source configured to provide a voltage in dependence on one or more control signals; a switchable resistor circuited between the output of the controlled source and a DUT port, having first and second resistances in first and second switch states, respectively, the second resistance being smaller than the first resistance; a regulator configured to provide a control signal to the controlled source, to regulate a voltage to be provided to the DUT in dependence on information about a desired voltage; a capacitor circuited in parallel to the switchable resistor at least during switching of the switchable resistor and configured to slow a voltage change across the switchable resistor which is caused by changing a switch state of the switchable resistor; the apparatus being configured to change a switch state of the switchable resistor while a voltage is provided to the DUT via the switchable resistor.

Abstract: A detection circuit includes a switch conversion unit and a collection control unit. The switch conversion unit is configured to: enable a first end of the switch conversion unit to connect to a third end of the switch conversion unit within first duration, and enable a second end of the switch conversion unit to connect to the third end of the switch conversion unit within second duration. The collection control unit is configured to: collect a voltage (V1) between a first end of a relay and a second end of a battery pack within the first duration, collect a voltage (V2) between a second end of the relay and the second end of the battery pack within the second duration, and determine, based on V1 and V2, whether the relay is faulty.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a belted transmission system configured to couple with load motors to provide a load to a device under test. The belted transmission system comprises a spindle coupled with the device under test. The spindle comprises various components configured to facilitate high operational speeds and increased power relative to prior art systems. For example, the spindle comprises a shaft having a larger diameter at one end compared to the other, one or more bearings configured to facilitate rotation of the shaft, and a sprocket coupled to the shaft configured to receive belts coupled to load motors such that the shaft is driven by the one or more belts to turn the spindle and load the device under test. The belted transmission includes a housing configured to enclose the belts and at least a portion of the spindle.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a state of health (SOH) of an electric battery of an electric vehicle, said method comprising a step of: performing on said electric battery, under given conditions, a test, called proxy test, said proxy test including a partial charge and/or discharge action of the battery, comparing the results of the proxy test with data stored in a dataset, and estimating the SOH in function of the comparison result.

Abstract: A battery management system is provided. The battery management system includes a memory for storing program code. The battery management system further includes a processor for running the program code to extract features from battery operation data. The processor further runs the program code to train a deep learning model to model a battery degradation process of a battery using the extracted features. The processor also runs the program code to generate, using the deep learning model, a prediction of a battery capacity degradation based on the battery operation data and a current battery capacity of the battery. The processor additionally runs the program code to control an operation of the battery responsive to the prediction of the battery capacity degradation.

Abstract: A battery state-of-charge estimation apparatus includes: a storage that stores a charge SOC-OCV curve, a discharge SOC-OCV curve, and internal-division-ratio information; and a state-of-charge estimation unit, wherein: when a capacity difference between a battery before and after charging when the battery is charged when an intersection point is on the discharge SOC-OCV curve or when a capacity difference between the battery before and after discharging when the battery is discharged when an intersection point is on the charge SOC-OCV curve is less than a threshold, the state-of-charge estimation unit references the internal-division-ratio information to determine an internal division ratio; and the state-of-charge estimation unit estimates the state of charge of the battery using the determined internal division ratio, the open-circuit voltage of the battery after elapse of a predetermined time period since the end of charging or discharging, the charge SOC-OCV curve, and the discharge SOC-OCV curve.

Abstract: A battery system has a cell, a substrate mounted on the cell, and monitoring circuitry on the substrate and exclusively powered by the cell. The battery system also has a switch on the substrate electrically between the cell and monitoring circuit, and control circuitry on the substrate. The control circuitry, responsive to a value of a parameter of the cell measured by the monitoring circuitry falling outside a predefined range, opens the switch to electrically disconnect the monitoring circuit from the cell.

Abstract: A circuitry for a battery management system of a vehicle for adapting at least one cell information item via at least one battery cell to a communication system of the vehicle, comprising: a first processing element for generating a message and a test information item in accordance with a first processing, the message being specific to the cell information; at least one second processing element for generating the same message (in accordance with at least one second processing; a communication system interface (for outputting an output instruction to the communication system, the output instruction being at least partially composed of the message in accordance with the second processing and of the test information, so that the output instruction is specific to the first and second processing.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward a primary AA alkaline battery. The primary AA alkaline battery includes an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte; and a separator between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The cathode includes an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrolyte includes potassium hydroxide. The primary AA alkaline battery has an integrated in-cell ionic resistance (Ri) at 22° C. of less than about 39 m?. The separator has a porosity of greater than 70%.