Abstract: The inventive concepts relate to a member for a gas sensor, a gas sensor using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the inventive concepts relate to a gas sensor member using a porous semiconductor metal oxide complex nanofiber functionalized by uniformly distributing porous first metal oxide particles, including metal nanoparticle catalysts synthesized using a metal-organic framework, in the inside and on a surface of a second metal oxide nanofiber, a gas sensor using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A composition comprising a novel Ca2+-activated, [ATP]i-sensitive nonspecific cation (NCCa-ATP) channel is described. The channel is found in mammalian neural cells and exhibits a different sensitivity to block by various adenine nucleotides, and is activated by submicromolar [Ca]i. The NCCa-ATP channel is activated under conditions of ATP depletion, which causes severe cell depolarization, followed by cell swelling. The NCCa-ATP channel is regulated by a sulfonylurea receptor and is inhibited by sulfonylurea compounds glibenclamide and tolbutamide. Methods employing compositions comprising the NCCa-ATP channel to screen for compounds that block the channel and the use of such antagonists as therapeutics in preventing brain swelling and damage are described. In addition, methods employing compositions comprising the Kir2.3 channel to screen for compounds that open the channel and the use of such antagonists as therapeutics in preventing brain swelling and damage are described.

Abstract: The present invention describes a global metabolomic profile of patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and sepsis. The metabolomic profile of endogenous small molecules blood was determined using mass-spectrometry. The global metabolomic profile in plasma demonstrated broad differences between CAP and sepsis patients when comparing those who do and do not survive at 90 days. Increases in specific metabolite biomarkers displayed on a heat map provide early diagnosis of these medical conditions to allow for early intervention and aggressive treatment.

Abstract: An individualized intravenous exogenous insulin-based therapy for infusing insulin intravenously to a subject or a patient to improve impaired hepatic glucose processing. The therapy includes treatment sessions involving the assessment of metabolic factors, forming a subject profile, and matching the subject profile to a diabetic treatment model. Using the diabetic treatment model, a quantity and frequency of intravenous insulin bolus, dosage amounts of magnesium, and dosage amounts of potassium can be calculated. The methods that improve impaired hepatic glucose processing in subjects and patients can simultaneously introduce separated insulin bolus from an insulin reservoir, dosage amounts of magnesium, and dosage amounts of potassium. The subject profile can create a weight management protocol that uses a metabolic enhancement, wherein the individualized intravenous exogenous insulin-based therapy produces a subject or a patient with improved cellular ATP functioning.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to p-phenylene ethynylene compounds as bioactive and detection agents. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of inducing germination of microbial spores including contacting the microbial spores with a p-phenylene ethynylene compound. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method for detecting an enzyme, a method of protein analysis, or a method of detecting a chemical agent, including introducing a p-phenylene ethynylene compound to a composition including an enzyme substrate, and analyzing the fluorescence of the p-phenylene ethynylene compound. Various embodiments provide sensors that include a p-phenylene ethynylene compound and an enzyme substrate.

Abstract: Unlike a conventional method for evaluating a degree of ultraviolet protection through visual evaluation, the disclosed method for measuring a sunlight protection function can accurately and objectively measure and determine a degree of sunlight protection by measuring a change due to a material to be measured with respect to an expression amount of skin tissue antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in skin cells, which decrease from exposure to sunlight, and/or a generation amount of S-nitrosylated protein. Additionally, the disclosed measurement method can determine whether blue/violet light of wavelengths of 400-500 nm, which induces the most skin damage among visible rays, is blocked and provide a more specified sunlight protection effect evaluation result. Moreover, by using the disclosed measurement method, a degree of sunlight protection can be indexed, and a sunlight protection composition for protecting normal skin from the blue/violet light can be provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a test strip comprising an identification region coded a screen function of the test strip by a chromaticity coordinates model; a calibration region having a particular color for calibrating an external spectrum analyzer; and a reaction region chemically reacted with a specific specimen for changing its own color. By using the external spectrum analyzer to conduct light splitting of the reflective lights from the recognition and reaction regions of the test strip, automatic recognition and simplified usage can be achieved.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of medical devices. Specifically, the present invention provides portable medical devices that allow real-time detection of analytes from a biological fluid. The methods and devices are particularly useful for providing point-of-care testing for a variety of medical applications.

Abstract: A system and method includes a test container for detecting a target substance in a consumable sample, where the test container includes a test container body defining a test container top, a test container bottom opposing the test container top, a first chamber proximal the test container top, and a second chamber proximal the test container bottom, a magnetic diaphragm situated between the first chamber and the second chamber, the magnetic diaphragm obstructing flow of the consumable sample, and the magnetic diaphragm including a magnetic element embedded in the magnetic diaphragm, and a driving element geometrically complementary to the first chamber, the driving element including a consumable sample grinding feature protruding from a surface of the driving element.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to new compositions of matter that comprise phosphorescent reporters. In some embodiments, the phosphorescent reporters of the present disclosure comprise strontium aluminate. In some embodiments, the strontium aluminate is doped with europium and dysprosium (SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+). Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of making the aforementioned phosphorescent reporters. In some embodiments, the method includes size reduction of inorganic phosphorescent powders through a combination of wet milling and settling. In additional embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of detecting the phosphorescent reporters in various settings, such as diagnostic settings.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to stable full-length cDNA clones of a clinical, Asian lineage ZIKV strain. Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to high-throughput assays for ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) diagnosis.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods for quantifying an amount of enzyme molecules. Systems and methods of the invention are provided for measuring an amount of target by forming a plurality of fluid partitions, a subset of which include the target, performing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the subset, and detecting the number of partitions in the subset. The amount of target can be determined based on the detected number.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from a bacterium of the Clostridium genus, in an aqueous solution, in order to maintain the antigenic properties thereof, includes the step of mixing the glutamate dehydrogenase and a stabilizing composition which is a carboxylic acid having a carbon-based chain of at least 3 carbon atoms and comprising at least 2 —COOH groups, or a salt thereof. GDH compositions thus stabilized and a method of detecting the presence of bacteria of the Clostridium genus are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for identifying a subject with an increased likelihood of developing or having metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), or a subject with an increased likelihood of developing or having recurrent PTC, and the treatment of such a subject.

Abstract: The present description is related to the field of ovarian cancer diagnostics. It introduces novel biomarkers that can be used to detect presence of ovarian cancer and to provide a prognosis of the disease.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for developing selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-SRM-MS) assays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of brain injuries. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful in the diagnosis/prognosis/assessment of brain injuries. In a specific embodiment, a method for identifying which patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) require a head computerized tomography (CT) scan for diagnosing acute intracranial pathology comprises the steps of (a) obtaining or collecting a sample from the patient; (b) measuring the levels of one or more biomarkers in the blood sample obtained from the patient, wherein the biomarkers comprise glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, metallothionein 3 (MT3), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and intracellular adhesion molecule 5 (ICAM5); and (c) identifying the patient as requiring or not requiring a head CT scan based on the measured levels of one or more of biomarkers comprising GFAP, S100B, MT3, NSE and ICAM5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of identifying meningitis as either bacterial meningitis or aseptic meningitis in a subject, comprising: a) measuring the amount of complement C3, complement factor B, complement membrane attack complex (MAC) protein, complement C5b, complement C6, complement C7, complement C8, and/or complement C9 in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample obtained from the subject; and b) comparing the amount of complement C3, complement factor B, complement MAC protein, complement C5b, complement C6, complement C7, complement C8, and/or complement C9 measured in (a) with the amount of complement C3, complement factor B, complement MAC protein, complement C5b, complement C6, complement C7, complement C8, and/or complement C9 measured in a control sample, wherein an amount of complement C3, complement factor B, complement MAC protein, complement C5b, complement C6, complement C7, complement C8, and/or complement C9 measured in (a) that is greater than the amount of complement C3, complement

Abstract: A method for the in vitro differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases is described comprising the step of determining by means of mass spectrometry in a biological sample the variation in intensity of at least one of the peaks (m/z)±0.3% selected from the group consisting of 10129 Th, 9749 Th, 10092 Th, 7935 Th, 4620 Th, 4748 Th, 8565 Th, 7565 Th, 4518 Th, 7936 Th, 5044 Th, 6699 Th, 11310 Th, 12277 Th, 6805 Th, 6880 Th, 8566 Th, 8309 Th, 5564 Th, 9711 Th, 7263 Th, 10296 Th and 4353 Th and/or of at least one of the peaks (m/z)±0.3% selected from the group consisting of 4987 Th, 7110 Th, 4804 Th, 9957 Th, 6719 Th, 4372 Th, 4196 Th, 4111 Th, 4282 Th, 5935 Th and 5519 Th.

Abstract: A microfluidic, chip-based assay device has been developed for measuring physical properties of an analyte (particularly, whole blood or whole blood derivatives). The technologies can be applied to measure clotting times of whole blood or blood derivatives, determine the effects of anticoagulant drugs on the kinetics of clotting/coagulation, as well as evaluate the effect of anticoagulant reversal agents. These technologies can additionally be used to optimize the dosage of anticoagulation drugs and/or their reversal agents. The assay is independent of the presence of anticoagulant; clotting is activated by exposure of the blood sample in the device to a glass (or other negatively charged material such as oxidized silicon) surface, which activates the intrinsic pathway and can be further hastened by the application of shear flow across the activating materials surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the assay of synucleins in a body fluid or tissue sample, wherein said method comprises the steps of contacting said sample with membrane lipids under conditions enabling binding of the synuclein to said lipids, and the detection of the lipid-bound synuclein by a synuclein-binding agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to the detection of DHA and EPA. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to methods for detecting DHA and EPA by mass spectrometry and kits for carrying out such methods.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for sample processing. A device may be provided, capable of receiving the sample, and performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing multiple assays. The device may comprise one or more modules that may be capable of performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing the steps using a small volume of sample.

Abstract: Disclosed is a home-automation device including a displacement detector for a monitored object, an accelerometer, an orientation sensor, a memory, a processing unit. The processing unit is programmed to calculate, upon detection of an event, a displacement energy of the detector from the acceleration signals acquired during a waiting time after the triggering event.

Abstract: A bidirectional flow switch includes a housing having a flow passage therethrough. A body is disposed movably in the flow passage and biased towards a first position at zero flow. A magnetic sensor is disposed proximate the housing. A magnet is disposed with respect to the body and the magnetic sensor so that when the body is at the first position, the magnetic sensor is at a first state and so that the magnetic sensor is at a second state when a flow rate through the flow passage is greater than a threshold flow rate that moves the body from the first position.

Abstract: A bidirectional flow switch includes a housing having a flow passage therethrough. A body is disposed moveably in the flow passage and biased towards a first position at zero flow. A magnetic sensor is proximate the housing. A magnet is disposed with respect to the body and the magnetic sensor so that when the body is at the first position, the magnetic sensor is at a first state and so that the magnetic sensor is at a second state when a flow rate through the flow passage is greater than a threshold flow rate that moves the body from the first position.

Abstract: A sensor includes a sensor element, a package accommodating the sensor element in an inside of the package, a grounding electrode disposed in the package, a lid covering an opening of the package, and a lead extending from the package. The lead includes first and second portions. The first portion of the lead is electrically connected to the grounding electrode and extends along a side surface of the package with a gap provided between the first portion and the side surface. The second portion of the lead is disposed between the lid and the package and extends toward the inside of the package. In this sensor, the opening can be sealed without soldering and reliably connect the lid to the grounding electrode.

Abstract: A system and method for reliably detecting when a device has been dropped. In a non-limiting example, a drop detection system may be operable to perform one or more of: fall detection, end-of-fall detection, and/or detection of no motion after the fall. The drop detection system may, for example, analyze information from one or more MEMS sensors on-board the device to detect when the device has been dropped.

Abstract: A sensor is provided including: an element outputting detection signals according to magnitude of physical quantity; a drive circuit outputting a driving signal to the element and receiving a monitor signal from the element; a detection circuit that includes amplifiers amplifying the detection signals and a first synchronous demodulation circuit performing synchronous demodulation on a signal from the amplifier, receives the detection signals, and outputs a physical quantity signal according to the physical quantity; a processing circuit processing a signal from the first synchronous demodulation circuit; a first diagnostic circuit that receives a signal into the processing circuit and a signal from the processing circuit, and outputs a first error signal when abnormalities occur in the processing circuit; and a second diagnostic circuit that outputs a diagnostic signal to the first diagnostic circuit, instead of the signal into the processing circuit or instead of the signal from the processing circuit.

Abstract: A probe pin includes an elastic portion, a first contact portion having a pair of leg portions that extends from a first end of the elastic portion along a longitudinal direction and is bendable in a direction away from each other, and that has a pair of contact portions each of which is disposed at each tip of the pair of leg portion and is urged by the elastic portion in a direction along the longitudinal direction through the pair of leg portions to be able to be brought into contact with a projecting contact of an inspection object, and a second contact portion that is disposed at a second end of the elastic portion and is electrically connected to the first contact portion. Between the pair of leg portions, a gap into which the projecting contact of the inspection object can be inserted is provided, and in a state where the projecting contact is inserted into the gap, the pair of contact portions and the projecting contact can be brought into contact with each other.

Abstract: A testing system for semiconductor chips having a removable device under test printed circuit board (DUT PCB) that electrically connects with the electrical testing components of the system. A removable top plate is placed on top of the DUT PCB and is locked in place by a plurality of locking posts that selectively connect to cam surfaces in the top plate that pull the top plate down sandwiching the DUT PCB between the top plate and the electrical testing components of the system. The DUT PCB is quickly and easily removed and replaced by moving the locking posts between an engaged position and a disengaged position. In this way, a single testing system can be used to test a great variety of semiconductor chips thereby reducing capital equipment costs and space needed in cleanrooms.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for resolving time base-generated errors from sampling scope-based measurements. Mutually synchronized repetitive waveform-to-be-analyzed signals (WAS) and repetitive sinusoidal reference signals (RS) are respectively applied to a first channel and a second channel of a sampling scope. A time base generator applies a sampling signal to the first and second channels. An average sine wave period Tav for k samples of RS is determined, followed by determination of phase error ?k for each of the k samples, corresponding to phase differences between an ideal sine wave signal and the applied reference sinusoidal signal. Time base error values dk for k samples are calculated from dk=?k*Tav/2?. Error values dk correct time base errors in the sampling signal, and the WAS is re-sampled at sampling times adjusted by dk.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing variable analog to digital converter (ADC) resolution is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling for electrically and mechanically connecting medium-voltage or high-voltage components, in particular for voltages of 1 kV to 52 kV, comprising a first connecting piece for mechanically and electrically connecting a medium-voltage or high-voltage component, in particular for connecting to a complementary connecting piece of a bushing of a switchgear cabinet, and a second connecting piece for mechanically and electrically connecting another medium-voltage or high-voltage component, in particular for connecting to a complementary connecting piece of an electrical cable, wherein the two connecting pieces of the coupling belong to complementary connection types, which fit together mechanically, and comprising a low-resistance current sensing resistor, which is built into the coupling and electrically connected between the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece in order to measure a current flow between the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece.

Abstract: A harmonic Hall voltage analysis method is provided to analyze a damping-like effective field ?HDL and a field-like effective field ?HFL with respect to polar angles of all magnetizations and a ratio R of an anomalous Hall effect resistance RAHE to a wide plane Hall resistance RPHE (R=RAHE/RPHE).

Abstract: An analogue measurement data detection system according to the present invention includes: a reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate and output a reference voltage; an analogue/digital converter configured to compare an analogue signal with the reference voltage outputted from the reference voltage generation circuit, and based on a differential voltage between the analogue signal and the reference voltage, generate and output a digital signal corresponding to the analogue signal. The reference voltage generation circuit is configured to cause the reference voltage to have such a temperature characteristic as to compensate for temperature characteristics of at least the analogue/digital converter and the reference voltage generation circuit.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for monitoring energy consumption. In one aspect, a method includes sending, to a power monitor of a circuit board, requests for power consumption data. The requests are sent periodically based on a reference clock that is located external to the circuit board and that is more accurate than a clock of the power monitor. Each request is for an accumulated amount of power for components of the circuit board. In response to each request, power consumption data is received from the power monitor. The power consumption data specifies the accumulated amount of power for the components of the circuit board since a previous request sent to the circuit board. An amount of energy consumed by the components of the circuit board over a time period is determined based on the received power measurements and the time period.

Abstract: A modular monitoring and control system for NEMA-style load center smart electrical distribution panels is built up from interconnectable modules, starting with a Base Unit for monitoring and reporting on select branch circuits, then adding a Control Module for Remotely Operated breakers or additional current monitoring or both; and/or adding a separate Expansion Module with Current Transformer expansion capabilities for adding a larger number of power monitors within the load center. The modules plug into breaker pole slots within the panel for ease of installation and are independent of the breakers. The system keeps initial smart panel costs low by placing monitoring and control functionality and required parts into add-on modules.

Abstract: A phase frequency detector (PFD) isolates supply (e.g., voltage supply) to a reference path and a feedback path of a phase locked loop (PLL) such that the power supply to the reference path is independent of the power supply to the feedback path. This isolation improves linearity. In one instance, the PFD includes a supply voltage, one or more switches, a reference capacitor and a feedback capacitor. The reference capacitor is selectively coupled to the supply voltage via the one or more switches and the feedback capacitor is selectively coupled to the supply voltage via the one or more switches.

Abstract: Systems and methods that measure electrical parameters of a multi-phase electrical system may utilize a multi-phase measurement device that includes a sensor subsystem that has a voltage sensor and a current sensor. Each of the voltage sensor and the current sensor may be a contact-type sensor or a “non-contact” sensor that does not require galvanic contact. In operation, a multi-phase measurement device may utilize the voltage sensor and the current sensor to sequentially obtain single phase measurements for each phase of a multi-phase electrical system. The measurements may be synchronized to obtain various multi-phase power parameters, such as various parameters relating to power, phase, voltage, current, etc. The multi-phase measurement device may be operative to automatically detect when an operator has positioned a sensor of the sensor subsystem proximate a conductor under test so the multi-phase measurement device can initiate detection of one or more electrical parameters in the conductor.

Abstract: A network analyzer includes a main unit and a physically separate remote unit. In at least one configuration, the main unit generates and transmits test signals through a device under test to the remote unit. Reference circuitry in the main unit uses signals from a local oscillator and an analog-to-digital ADC sample clock to produce reference signal data representative of the test signals as transmitted to the device under test. Receive circuitry in the remote unit produces received signal data representative of the test signals as received from the device under test, using the same signals from the local oscillator and ADC sample clock as used by the reference circuitry to produce the reference signal data. Comparison of the received signal data with the reference signal data indicates parameters of the device under test, including attenuation and phase shift in the test signals as caused by the device under test.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for identifying a presence of a short circuit in a battery pack. A fault-detection apparatus for a charging system that rapidly charges a collection of interconnected lithium ion battery cells, the safety system includes a data-acquisition system for receiving a set of data parameters from the collection while the charging system is actively charging the collection; a monitoring system evaluating the set of data parameters to identify a set of anomalous conditions; and a controller comparing the set of anomalous conditions against a set of predetermined profiles indicative of an internal short in one or more cells of the collection, the controller establishing an internal-short state for the collection when the comparing has a predetermined relationship to the set of predetermined profiles.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus includes a primary-side circuit, a bulk capacitor, a conversion circuit, and a master control circuit. The primary-side circuit is adapted to rectify and boost an alternating-current power and output primary-side output. The bulk capacitor is connected in parallel to two output ends of the primary-side output. The conversion circuit is configured to receive the primary-side output passing through the bulk capacitor and convert the primary-side output into secondary-side output. The master control circuit detects an electric power state of the alternating-current power, obtains a time interval, a power of the secondary-side output corresponding to the time interval, and two of the capacitor voltages corresponding to the start and the end of the time interval when the electric power state is power-off, and selectively outputs an abnormal signal according to the time interval, the power, the capacitor voltages, and a threshold.

Abstract: A power system for a vehicle includes a traction battery that provides power to drive the vehicle, a load, and a harness having wires electrically connecting the traction battery and load, and shielding covering the wires. The power system further includes one or more control blocks that drive a signal onto the shielding, and responsive to an absence of detecting feedback from the signal, issue an interlock integrity alert.

Abstract: This application relates to methods and apparatus for determining the location of a fault in a power cable of a power distribution network. The method involves monitoring at least one electrical parameter of the power distribution network to detect the occurrence of a fault and determine at least one time window for the occurrence of the fault The method involves analysing a first set of measurement signals is obtained by a distributed fibre optic sensor having a sensing optical fibre deployed along the path of the power cable. The first set of measurement signals include signals indicative of the extent of any disturbances along the sensing fibre over a known time period. The measurement shallots are analysed based on the at least one time window for measurement signals and the location of the fault in the power cable is identified based on the location of one or more longitudinal sensing portions of the sensing fibre.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an insulation resistance measuring system and device which calculate resistance values of the positive electrode insulation resistance and the negative electrode insulation resistance by using convergence values of the first voltage and the second voltage, in order to measure the positive electrode insulation resistance and the negative electrode insulation resistance connected to both terminals of a battery pack with a capacitor, respectively.

Abstract: When each signal line contact terminal (10ai) is installed in a base member (30), an upper housing (28), and a lower housing (26), the upper housing (28) is installed together in such a way as to be sandwiched between the base member (30) and the lower housing (26). Here, collars (16) are fitted on outer peripheral portions of a first extending portion (52A) and a second extending portion (52C) of the signal line contact terminal (10ai), respectively. Moreover, air layers are formed between an outer peripheral portion of a drum portion (52B) of the signal line contact terminal (10ai) and an inner peripheral surface forming a hole (28b), between an outer peripheral portion of the first extending portion (52A) and an inner peripheral surface forming a hole (30b), between an outer peripheral portion of the second extending portion (52C) and an inner peripheral surface forming a hole (26b), and between an outer peripheral portion of a plunger (56) and an inner peripheral surface forming a hole (26e).

Abstract: A test mode signal is generated to include a test pattern and an error reporting sequence. The test mode signal is sent on link that includes one or more extension devices and two or more sublinks. The test mode signal is to be sent on a particular one of the sublinks and is to be used by a receiving device to identify errors on the particular sublink. The error reporting sequence is to be encoded with error information to describe error status of sublinks in the plurality of sublinks.

Abstract: The present application arises from the need of associating a switching matrix comprising electromechanical relays with a switching matrix comprising solid-state relays. Disclosed herein is an automated test equipment comprising an electronic controller, at least two measuring signals, at least one switching matrix comprising at least two electromechanical relays for each test point, and at least a switching matrix comprising at least one test point and at least two solid-state relays for each test point. In this equipment, each test point in a switching matrix comprising electromechanical relays is connected to a test point of the other switching matrix comprising solid-state relays, via an electromechanical relay. In practice, a reduction by half of the test time at the low voltage step is observed.

Abstract: A method includes measuring, by at least one processor, a time at which control circuitry sends an instruction to a switch structured to control transmission of electrical power. The method further includes sensing, by at least one sensor, a change in position of the switch in response to the instruction, and determining, by the at least one processor, a delay between the time at which the control circuitry sends the instruction and a time at which the change in position occurs. The method still further includes recording, by the at least one processor, the delay in a delay measurement queue and taking, by the at least one processor, an action with respect to the switch in response to the delay measurement queue.