Abstract: A device includes an interface and a processor. The interface receives information for a parameter indicative of a status of a battery. The processor calculates a remaining capacity of the battery, calculates a capacity ratio of the calculated remaining capacity to a capacity reference of the battery, compares the parameter with a parameter reference to generate a first comparison result, compares the capacity ratio with a ratio reference to generate a second comparison result, sets an amount according to the first and second comparison results, and changes the calculated remaining capacity by the amount.

Abstract: It is intended to recognize the state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery more accurately than conventional technologies and to recognize health of a battery appropriately. Complex impedance between positive and negative electrodes of the battery is determined at a plurality of frequencies, and the state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery is estimated by comparing frequency dependency of Warburg impedance of the determined complex impedances with frequency dependency of Warburg impedance corresponding to a known state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a degree of aging of a secondary battery is configured to: determine a current and a temperature of the secondary battery; determine a state of charge from the current of the secondary battery; determine a degree of calendar aging by applying a cumulative degree-of-aging model to a degree-of-calendar-aging profile corresponding to the determined state of charge and the determined temperature while the secondary battery is in a calendar state; determine a degree of cycle aging by applying the cumulative degree-of-aging model to a degree-of-cycle-aging profile corresponding to the state of charge, the temperature, and the current of the secondary battery while the secondary battery is in a cycle state; and determine, as the degree of aging of the secondary battery, a weighted average value calculated for the determined degree of calendar aging and the determined degree of cycle aging based on calendar time and cycle time.

Abstract: Provided are an inspection apparatus and method capable of accurately detecting a defective membrane electrode assembly based on the rate of deterioration of carbon forming an electrode catalyst layer or the like of the assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a measuring arrangement for identifying a malfunction in an energy accumulator arrangement, including a measuring device configured to measure an electrical measurement variable of the first energy accumulator and an electrical measurement variable of the further energy accumulator: a circuit arrangement having a first controllable switch configured to electrically connect the first energy accumulator to the measuring device and a further controllable switch for electrically connecting the further energy accumulator to the measuring device; and a processor device for controlling the controllable switches to capture the electrical measurement variable of the further energy accumulator.

Abstract: A bus system having at least two control devices, each of which has a bus driver. The bus drivers are connected together via at least two bus lines, each of which is equipped with at least one coupling capacitor. A terminal network is connected to the bus lines and consists of at least two resistors and a capacitor; each of the two resistors is connected to one of the bus lines and the resistors are connected together at a central tap. The capacitor of the terminal network lies between the central tap and a ground connection, and the bus system has a reference voltage source. The reference voltage source is connected to the central tap via an element. The voltage of the reference voltage source has a value between an operating voltage of the bus system and ground.

Abstract: A system for calibrating alignment of magnetic and optical sensors in a virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) device. The system can include a controller, a waveform generator, and an electrical driver. The waveform generator can produce calibration waveforms under control of the controller. The system can also include conductive loops which are energized with electrical currents corresponding to the calibration waveforms. The controller can cause the waveform generator to generate a first calibration waveform to calibrate a first type of magnetic sensor in the display device, and to generate a second calibration waveform to calibrate a second type of magnetic sensor in the display device. The system may also include one or more optical fiducial markers in a known spatial relationship with respect to the conductive loops. The optical fiducial markers can be used to calibrate the alignment direction of one or more optical sensors.

Abstract: A method for detecting a relative position of a magnetic field source is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of detecting at least two magnetic field components of a magnetic field produced by a magnetic field source using a magnetic field sensor, determining a temperature effect compensation which compensates for a temperature effect on the magnetic field components, and establishing an output signal corresponding to the relative position of the magnetic field source based on a quotient of the magnetic field components, the temperature effect compensation, and an offset correction.

Abstract: A microelectronic device includes a vertical Hall sensor for measuring magnetic fields in two dimensions. In one implementation, the disclosed microelectronic device involves a vertical Hall plate with a cross-shaped upper terminal and a lower terminal which includes a buried layer. The cross-shaped upper terminal has a length-to-width ratio of 5 to 12 where it contacts the vertical Hall plate. The length is measured from one end of one arm of the cross-shaped upper terminal to an opposite end of an opposite arm. The width is an average width of both arms. Hall sense taps are located outside of the cross-shaped upper terminal. Current returns connect to the buried layer.

Abstract: Tunnel magneto-resistive (TMR) sensors employing TMR devices with different magnetic field sensitivities for increased detection sensitivity are disclosed. For example, a TMR sensor may be used as a biosensor to detect the presence of biological materials. In aspects disclosed herein, free layers of at least two TMR devices in a TMR sensor are fabricated to exhibit different magnetic properties from each other (e.g., MR ratio, magnetic anisotropy, coercivity) so that each TMR device will exhibit a different change in resistance to a given magnetic stray field for increased magnetic field detection sensitivity. For example, the TMR devices may be fabricated to exhibit different magnetic properties such that one TMR device exhibits a greater change in resistance in the presence of a smaller magnetic stray field, and another TMR device exhibits a greater change in resistance in the presence of a larger magnetic stray field.

Abstract: A Q value of the RF irradiation coil is easily obtained in a state in which an object is disposed in an MRI apparatus, and an SAR is predicted with high accuracy. For this, an irradiation coil 14a irradiates an object 1 with a high frequency magnetic field pulse in a state in which the object 1 is disposed in an imaging space, and a transmitted voltage and a reflected voltage of the irradiation coil 14a are detected. A Q value of the irradiation coil in a state of the object 1 being disposed is obtained on the basis of the transmitted voltage and the reflected voltage. A specific absorption rate (SAR) in a case of executing an imaging pulse sequence on the object is predicted by using the Q value.

Abstract: A radio frequency volume coil (136; 236) for use in a magnetic resonance examination system (10) includes a radio frequency shield (148; 248), and a pair of radio frequency conductive loop members (138; 238) spaced along a common longitudinal axis (140; 240), a plurality of axially arranged radio frequency conductive members electrically connected to at least one of the radio frequency conductive loop members (138; 238). At least two axially arranged loop coil interconnecting radio frequency conductive members (114; 244) electrically interconnect the radio frequency conductive loop members (138; 238). At least two of the axially arranged shield connecting radio frequency conductive members are axially arranged in an aligned manner at an azimuthal position within a range between azimuthal positions of the at least two loop coil interconnecting members (144; 244), and electrically serve and connect one of the two radio frequency conductive loop members (138; 238) to the radio frequency shield (148; 248).

Abstract: Methods, devices, and apparatus for determining an input voltage of an inverter circuit in a magnetic resonance imaging system are provided. In one aspect, a method includes: determining a maximum inductance voltage value corresponding to a maximum current value of a current sequence according to a relationship between inductance voltage and inductance current of a gradient coil, determining a minimum DC voltage value corresponding to the maximum inductance voltage value according to a relationship between output voltage and input voltage of the inverter circuit, and controlling the input voltage into an input terminal of the inverter circuit to have the minimum DC voltage value when the current sequence is input into a control terminal of the inverter circuit. The inverter circuit is configured to generate an AC voltage based on the input voltage and the current sequence and output the AC voltage to the gradient coil.

Abstract: A radio-frequency shielding unit for shielding a radio-frequency antenna unit of a magnetic resonance apparatus and a magnetic resonance apparatus are provided. The radio-frequency shielding unit includes a support layer, a first conducting layer, an insulating layer, and a second conducting layer. The first conducting layer is arranged between the support layer and the insulating layer, and the insulating layer is arranged between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods related to identifying an early, asymptomatic (prodromal) stage of a neurodegenerative disease or identifying a subject with a symptomatic neurodegenerative disease, including, for example, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), or HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), using functional MRI data from the subject. Methods are also provided for treating a subject identified with the methods taught herein and for modifying or selecting treatment based on the results of fMRI. Methods are also available for staging neurodegenerative disease and for identifying agents useful in treating them.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methodologies are provided that utilize at least one polarizing magnet controlled and positioned to polarize spins in a first region of interest, at least one gradient coil controlled and positioned to generate phase-encoding gradient pulses within a second region of interest, and at least one radiofrequency coil controlled and positioned to acquire radiofrequency signals from the second region of interest, wherein the at least one gradient coil and at least one radiofrequency coil may be controlled such that application of phase-encoding gradient pulses stops before acquisition of radiofrequency signals.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes sequence control circuitry. The sequence control circuitry applies an MT (Magnetization Transfer) pulse over a plurality of slices under a gradient magnetic field and configured to apply, for each of the plurality of slices to which the MT pulse is applied, an RF pulse having a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency of certain protons in each of the plurality of slices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a non-oil volume of a rock sample comprising: receiving a rock sample; and receiving a non-oil zone in a NMR map using a T1T2 sequence, the non-oil zone being associated to non-oil in the map; Then, determining a first NMR map of the received rock sample using a T1T2 sequence, and determining a volume of non-oil in the received rock sample based on an integral in an integration zone of the firstNMR map. The integration zone of the first NMR map being determined based on the received non-oil zone, and a calibration value.

Abstract: A system uses multiple RF coils in MR imaging and an RF (Radio Frequency) signal generator generates RF excitation pulses in anatomical regions of interest and enables subsequent acquisition of associated RF echo data. A magnetic field gradient generator generates anatomical volume select magnetic field gradients for phase encoding and readout RF data acquisition. The RF signal generator and the gradient generator substantially concurrently acquire first and second volumes of first and second different anatomical regions by providing, a first RF pulse having a first asymmetric shape followed by a successive second RF pulse substantially having the first asymmetric shape but reversed in time, to substantially reduce echo time (TE) differences between acquisition of the first and second volumes and a phase encoding magnetic field gradient prepares for acquisition of data representing the first and second volumes.

Abstract: To perform Dixon MRI, generate multi-contrast images, and extract multi-parametric maps, this invention presents a multi-echo gradient echo protocol with two sets of echo trains. An example implementation of the invention at 3 T acquires a short-TE train (?TE˜1.2 ms, TE<10 ms), which is used to map B0 inhomogeneity and proton density fat fraction (FF), and a second—susceptibility sensitive—long-TE train (16 ms<TE<45 ms) will enable quantification of local frequency shift (LFS) and susceptibility. The presented pipeline automatically generates co-registered images and maps with/without fat-suppressed, including magnitude- and complex-based FF map, B0 map, anatomical images, brain mask, R2* map, unwrapped phase maps for each echo, susceptibility-sensitive images (SWI, LFS and quantitative susceptibility) for each echo, mean susceptibility-sensitive images for each echo-train. The invention is directly applicable to whole head/neck, liver, knee or even whole body scans with sliding table.

Abstract: Some aspects include a method of determining change in size of an abnormality in a brain of a patient positioned within a low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device. The method comprises, while the patient remains positioned within the low-field MRI device, acquiring first and second magnetic resonance (MR) image data of the patient's brain; providing the first and second MR image data as input to a trained statistical classifier to obtain corresponding first and second output; identifying, using the first output, at least one initial value of at least one feature indicative of a size of the abnormality; identifying, using the second output, at least one updated value of the at least one feature; determining the change in the size of the abnormality using the at least one initial value of the at least one feature and the at least one updated value of the at least one feature.

Abstract: Methods and systems for accelerated Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). The technique is based on Bayesian inference and provides for fast computation via an approximate message passing algorithm. The Bayesian formulation allows modeling and exploitation of the statistical relationships across space, time, and encodings in order to achieve reproducible estimation of flow from highly undersampled data.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, method and/or computer readable medium is configured to effect improved parallel MR imaging with reduced unfolding artifacts by using either or both of: (a) an unfolded “intermediate” diagnostic image to create a more accurate mask for use in further processing raw image data for final unfolded diagnostic images; and/or (b) an extension of coil sensitivity maps by replication (rather than curve-fitted extrapolation) for use in final unfolding of diagnostic images.

Abstract: An apparatus for calibration of an electronic instrument, such as a vector network analyzer, includes a number of calibrator connector elements for connection to the instrument, and a plate element including a plurality of calibration waveguide structures. The plate element has conductive surfaces, and the calibrator connector elements and conductive surfaces include periodic structures disposed with respect to each other such that gaps are formed between them. An interface enables interconnection of a waveguide of a calibrator connector element, a waveguide of the instrument, and a calibration waveguide structure. The apparatus includes a driving unit and controller for moving the plate element and/or the calibrator connector element to connect the calibrator connector element to different calibration waveguide structures.

Abstract: A determining method includes: acquiring a measured value for an amount of electric power consumed by the load, the measured value being measured by a watt-hour meter; and determining whether a setting set in a watt-hour meter, the setting according to a current transformation ratio of a current transformer, is appropriate, according to a difference between a predicted value for an amount of electric power to be consumed by a load and the measured value for an amount of electric power consumed by the load.

Abstract: A zero-optical-path-length-difference optical phased array built with essentially planar photonic devices determines a direction to an incoherent optical source, such as a star. The phased array can replace a 3-dimensional star tracker with a nearly 2-dimensional system that is smaller and lighter. The zero-optical-path-length-difference phased array can be optically connected to an interferometer. Driven by a light source, the zero-optical-path-length-difference phased array can be used as an optical projector.

Abstract: Systems and methods for locating one or more radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are provided. A phase difference of received information signals of illuminated RFID tags is utilized to locate the RFID tags. One or more exciters transmit interrogation signals to illuminate the RFID tags in which the exciters may have a plurality of antenna selectively configured to transmit through two or more antennas and to receive on one antenna. Multiple reads of the same RFID tag can also be performed to generate a probability model of the location of the RFID tag. An enhanced particle filter is applied to probability model to determine the exact location of the RFID.

Abstract: It is disclosed to obtain an observation data set comprising respective identification information of one or more observed radio nodes of an environment and respective radio measurements values determined with respect to the one or more observed radio nodes; to determine respective association measures for the observation data set with respect to respective radiomap data sets of two or more levels of the environment, wherein the radiomap data sets respectively comprise respective identification information of one or more radio nodes of the environment observable at the level of the respective radiomap data set and respective radio measurement value information for these one or more observable radio nodes; and to determine an estimate of a level associated with the observation data set based at least on the association measures.

Abstract: Provided are a virtual anchor point-based wireless positioning method and device, and terminal.

Abstract: A system and method for recovering from a failure during the position tracking of an RF-transmitting device includes tracking the position of the radio frequency (RF) transmitting device based on RF signals emitted by the RF-transmitting device. If the tracking loses the position of the RF-transmitting device, new phase difference data are calculated from the RF signals transmitted by the RF-transmitting device and received at four or more antennas. A subset of candidate position solutions for evaluation is identified based on the new phase difference data. One or more of the candidate position solutions in the subset is evaluated to find an acceptable position solution. The tracking of the position of the RF-transmitting device resumes using the acceptable position solution.

Abstract: According to various aspects, a vehicle localization system is provided, including: a plurality of localization devices configured to receive vehicle position information representing a position of one or more vehicles located in a vicinity of the plurality of localization devices, the plurality of localization devices includes a first set of localization devices and a second set of localization devices, wherein the first set of localization devices is configured to receive additional position information representing a position of one or more localization devices of the second set of localization devices; and one or more processors configured to receive reference position information representing a positional relationship of the localization devices of the first set of localization devices relative to one another, determine a current position of each of the one or more vehicles based on the vehicle position information, the reference position information, and the additional position information.

Abstract: There is provided a radar device. An extracting unit extracts history peak signals according to estimated peak signals, from a difference frequency between a transmission signal and a reception signal obtained by receiving a reflected wave of a transmission wave based on the transmission signal from a target, in a first period and a second period. An estimating unit estimates current peak signals as the estimated peak signals based on extracted previous peak signals. A pairing unit pairs the history peak signal of the first period and the history peak signal of the second period. A re-pairing unit re-pairs the paired history peak signals, based on peak signals existing in a predetermined range including the paired history peak signals. An information generating unit generates information on the target based on a result of the pairing and a result of the re-pairing.

Abstract: An avian detection system for determining risks of collision between a collision object and bird objects includes avian radar system(s) providing a first type of information data relating to objects detected, and a transponder receiver receiving transponder data transmitted or broadcasted by transponders provided at the collision objects. Processors are configured to receive first type of information data corresponding to the detected objects and provide radar plots. The processors are further configured to receive the transponder data and provide transponder plots, to create and store a number of object tracks based on the provided radar plots and transponder plots, with each track holding object data corresponding to or determined from data of matching plots, and to determine one or more risks of collision or collision risk levels for the collision object based on object data of a plurality of the obtained object tracks.

Abstract: A system for providing a range speed response pattern to a learning system as an image. The system includes a radar sensor and an electronic controller. In one example, the electronic controller is configured to receive a radar signal, obtain a beat signal, apply a fast Fourier transform to the beat signal to generate a transform, apply a power spectral density periodogram to the beat signal to generate an estimate, and filter the transform with the estimate to generate a filtered transform. The electronic controller is further configured to store the filtered transform in a column of a matrix, apply the power spectral density periodogram to each row of the matrix, generate a range speed response pattern from the matrix, generate a signal to control the vehicle's motion based on the range speed response pattern, and control a steering apparatus, an engine, and/or a braking system of the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided are an object detection device, POS terminal device, object detection method, and program capable of carrying out appropriate processing according to whether an object is covered by a translucent container. A distance measurement unit measures the distances to each position on an opposing object. An irradiation unit irradiates light onto the object. A reflected light intensity measurement unit measures the intensities of the reflected light that has been irradiated by the irradiation unit and reflected from each position on the object. An object determination unit determines whether the object is covered by a translucent container based on the distances measured by the distance measurement unit and the reflected light intensities measured by the reflected light intensity measurement unit.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an object using distance measurement includes: determining elevation profiles using distance measurement, and evaluating the determined elevation profiles for a characterization of the object, the characterization includes a position and/or at least one object-specific parameter of the object.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for light beam scanning in a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system. The LIDAR system includes a beam shaping subsystem configured to generate an illumination pattern elongated in a first direction, and a scanning subsystem configured to direct the elongated illumination pattern towards a plurality of positions along a second direction different from the first direction. The LIDAR system further includes a sensor configured to generate a detection signal in response to detecting light reflected by a target object illuminated by the elongated illumination pattern, and a processor configured to determine a characteristic of the target object based on the detection signal.

Abstract: The invention provides a three-dimensional surveying instrument, which comprises a light emitter for emitting a distance measuring light, a light projecting optical unit for irradiating a distance measuring light from the light emitter along a distance measuring optical axis, a light receiving optical unit for receiving a reflection light from an object to be measured, a photodetection element for converting the reflection light as focused at the light receiving optical unit to an electric signal, a scanning unit for scanning a distance measuring light with respect to the object to be measured provided on a frame unit, angle detecting units for detecting an irradiating direction of the distance measuring light as scanned by the scanning unit, a vibration detecting unit for detecting vibration amount of the frame unit, and a control arithmetic unit having a storage unit where a threshold value is stored, wherein the control arithmetic unit controls so that the number of rotations of the scanning unit is gradua

Abstract: Shear waves are generated and measured in viscoelastic phantoms by a single push beam. Using numerical simulations or an analytical function to describe the diffraction of the shear wave, the resulting shear wave motion induced by the applied push beam is calculated with different shear elasticity values and then convolved with a separate expression that describes the effects of viscosity value for the medium. The optimization algorithm chooses the tissue parameters which provide the smallest difference between the measured shear waveform and the simulated shear waveform. A shear viscosity image is generated by applying such optimization procedure at all of the observation points.

Abstract: A proximity sensor measures the distance of a target and a method operates the proximity sensor. The proximity sensor emits a transmission signal as a free-field transmission wave, which is reflected at the target and as a free-field reflection signal is received by the proximity sensor as a reflection signal, wherein the determining of the distance is provided from the phasing of the reflection signal in relation to the phasing of the transmission signal. The proximity sensor shifts the phasing of the transmission signal chronologically.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a Radar sensor configured to output Radar dot data with respect to an obstacle, a Lidar sensor configured to output Lidar dot data with respect to the obstacle, and a controller configured to match the Radar dot data to the Lidar dot data. The controller clusters one or more Lidar dots of the Lidar dot data, and clusters one or more Radar dots of the Radar dot data based on a distance between a cluster of Lidar dots and the one or more Radar dots.

Abstract: A system is provided for synthetic aperture radar image formation within a distributed network. A radar antenna receives successive echoes of a plurality of pulses of radio waves transmitted in an environment of a target. A processing system defines, from the successive echoes, an array of data elements representing a density of a reflective surface of the target at locations within the environment. The processing system also partitions the array into a plurality of subarrays based on a predefined array partitioning scheme. A respective node of a plurality of nodes receives and applies at least one algorithmic transform to a subarray of the plurality of subarrays, and determines a respective portion of a volume of space occupied by the target based thereon. The respective portion is combinable with other respective portions to determine the volume of space and thereby form an image of the target.

Abstract: A sensing system of a vehicle includes a control and a mounting carrier that supports a plurality of sensor units. The mounting carrier is configured to be disposed at the vehicle so that the plurality of sensor units have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle. The mounting carrier includes structure to support the sensor units at an exterior structure of the vehicle so as to provide a desired field of sensing. The mounting carrier includes an electrical connector that is configured to electrically connect to an electrical connector of the vehicle. The sensor units are electrically connected to a circuit element that is electrically connected to the electrical connector of the mounting carrier. The control, responsive to outputs of the circuit element, determines the presence of one or more objects exterior the vehicle and within the field of sensing of at least one of the sensor units.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided to implement an echolocation functionality within a virtual environment. The mechanisms receive graphical information for a virtual environment, and analyzes the graphical information to detect a virtual object present in the virtual environment. One or more characteristics of the detected virtual object are identified, which may include a relative location of the virtual object to a virtual representation of a user in the virtual environment. Echo data is generated that defines characteristics of an audio output that represents the virtual object in a manner emulating an echo of a sound emitted from the virtual representation of the user in the virtual environment. Output of the audio output by the one or more audio output devices is controlled based on the generated echo data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for color Doppler imaging in an ultrasound imaging system are disclosed herein. An ultrasound imaging system includes color Doppler imaging circuitry. The color Doppler imaging circuitry is configured to estimate flow parameters. The imaging circuitry includes a radio frequency (“RF”) demodulator configured to produce in-phase and quadrature components of an ultra-sound data vector. The RF demodulator includes a table in memory that stores interleaved sine and cosine values. The RF demodulator maintains an index value for the table having higher precision than is used to index the table. The RF demodulator rounds the index value for each access of the table. Each table access retrieves a sine value and a cosine value.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for using a square wave digital chirp signal for optical chirp range detection. A laser source emits an optical signal and a RF waveform generator generates an input digital chirp signal based on the square wave digital chirp signal. A frequency of the optical signal is modulated based on the input digital chirp signal. A splitter divides the optical signal into a transmit optical signal and a reference optical signal. A detector combines the reference optical signal and a return optical signal from an object. The detector generates an electrical output signal based on the combined reference optical signal and the return optical signal. A processor determines a range to the object based on a characteristic of a Fourier transform the electrical output signal. A method is also provided for using the square wave digital chirp signal for optical chirp range detection.

Abstract: A laser light source; a light sending lens configured to form laser light emitted from the laser light source into a spot shape; a scanner configured to perform irradiation while performing scanning, with the laser light formed into the spot shape, in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction of an area to be measured; a light receiving lens configured to receive reflected light reflected from the area to be measured; a light receiving optical system configured to condense the reflected light received by the light receiving lens, in each of the horizontal direction and vertical direction; and an information generating unit configured to generate, based on a received signal output by the light receiving element, three dimensional information of the area to be measured.

Abstract: Systems, and methods for controlling a modular system for improved real-time yield monitoring and sensor fusion of crops in an orchard are disclosed. According to some embodiments of the invention, a modular system for improved real-time yield monitoring and sensor fusion may include a collection vehicle, a modular processing unit, a volume measurement module, a three-dimensional point-cloud scanning module, an inertial navigation system, and a post-processing server. As the collection vehicle travels through an orchard, the volume measurement module calculates volume measurements of the windrow, the three-dimensional point-cloud scanning module assembles point-clouds of each plant in the orchard, and the inertial navigation system calculates geodetic positions of the collection vehicle. The modular processing unit may fuse the collected data together and transmit the fused data set to a post-processing server.

Abstract: A method for enhancing GPS location accuracy includes providing a base station receiver having a known surveyed location, and a roving receiver at a location distinct from the base station receiver. The method further includes receiving single-frequency code and carrier-phase measurements from the base station, and translating the single-frequency code and carrier-phase measurements to a Kalman filter-predicted location of the roving receiver. The translated single frequency code and carrier phase measurements are used to generate a local replica of the Kalman filter-predicted location signals for each channel of the roving receiver. The method further includes correlating the local replicas with an incoming signal of the roving receiver to generate a plurality of tracking error estimates. The plurality of tracking error estimates are used to update navigation states and clock update states thereof.

Abstract: A method and system for assisting mobile stations to locate a satellite use an efficient messaging format. A server computes a correction between coarse orbit data of a satellite and precise orbit data of the satellite. A coordinate system is chosen such that variation of the correction is substantially smooth over time. The server further approximates the correction with mathematical functions to reduce the number of bits necessary for transmission to a mobile station. The mobile station, upon receiving the coefficients, evaluates the mathematical functions using the coefficients and a time of applicability (e.g., the current time), converts the evaluated result to a standard coordinate system, and applies the conversion result to the coarse orbit data to obtain the precise orbit data.