Abstract: Disclosed herein are adapters configured to be optically coupled to a plurality of microscopes, said adapter comprising: a) a first microscope interface configured to optically couple a first microscope to an optical element in optical communication with an optical probe; b) a second microscope interface configured to optically couple a second microscope to the optical element in optical communication with the optical probe; and c) an optical arrangement configured to direct light collected from a sample with aid of the optical probe to (1) the first microscope and second microscope simultaneously, or (2) the first microscope or second microscope selectively.

Abstract: At least one image is obtained which images an external view of at least one interchangeable component (111-116) of an optical system (100). Contextual information for the at least one interchangeable component (111-116) is determined on the basis of the at least one image.

Abstract: A stage apparatus for a microscope comprises a first stage provided on a minor base of the microscope and fixed to a stage member that moves in an optical axis direction, a second stage that relatively moves over a surface of the first stage in a first direction, a third stage that relatively moves over a surface of the second stage in a second direction, the third stage having a placement portion for placing a microscope slide, and an exterior cover for covering at least a portion of the second stage and the third stage, the exterior cover being fixed to the first stage or the stage member. The exterior cover provides a space for the second stage and the third stage to move, and exposes the placement portion of the third stage.

Abstract: An image acquisition device includes a cassette mounting unit in which a cassette is detachably mounted, the cassette holding the slide glasses in a plurality of stages in a predetermined arrangement direction, a light source that emits inspection light toward the cassette, a scanning unit that performs scanning with the inspection light in the arrangement direction, a light reflection unit that is disposed on the back surface side of the cassette and reflects the inspection light emitted from the light source, a light detection unit that detects reflected light including the inspection light reflected by at least one of the light reflection unit, the cassette, and the slide glass, and outputs a detection signal, and an information generation unit that generates holding information on a holding position and/or a holding state of the slide glass held in the cassette on the basis of the detection signal.

Abstract: A cell area extraction unit (241) extracts a cell area in a phase image that is created based on a hologram obtained by in-line holographic microscope (IHM). A background value acquisition unit (242) obtains a background value from phase values at a plurality of positions outside the cell area. An intracellular phase value acquisition unit (243) averages a plurality of phase values on a sampling line set at a position close to the periphery of a cell, while avoiding a central portion in which the phase value may be lowered in the cell area, to obtain an intracellular phase value. A phase change amount calculation unit (244) obtains the difference between the intracellular phase value and the background value. A phase change amount determination unit (245) compares the value of the difference with thresholds in two levels to determine whether the cell is in an undifferentiated state or an undifferentiation deviant state.

Abstract: A focusing mechanism for a binocular with dual stiffness of operation, comprises a focusing knob which is mounted rotatably about its longitudinal axis on a static shaft which is fixedly mounted in the binocular structure. The focusing knob is associated with a braking means with adjustable braking effect and is provided with a braking drum. The cylindrical circumferential surface of the braking drum is associated rotatably about its longitudinal axis with the cylindrical circumferential surface of a braking ring, whose other cylindrical circumferential surface is associated by its circumferential surface with a collet of a clamping ring, which is with its rigid part seated in the housing which is fixedly mounted on the static shaft. The collet of the clamping ring is associated with the control of the pressure force on the cylindrical circumferential surface of the braking ring, the control of the gripping of the collet being coupled to a switch of stiffness of the focusing operation.

Abstract: Camera lens system for an endoscope, method for producing same and endoscope. The system includes at least three lenses. Starting from object side, first lens is a negative lens, and lenses moving toward an image side are positive lenses, with features: 45<V1d<75; |V1d?V2d|<10; |V1d?V3d|<10; |V2d?V3d|<10; 1.45<n1d<1.75; |n1d?n2d|<0.1; |n1d?n3d|<0.1; |n2d?n3d|<0.1; diagonal field of view from 80°-100°; 0.4<f<0.7; ?3<f1/f<?2; 1.1<f2/f<1.3; 2.5<f3/f<3.5, the three lenses having V1d, V2d, and V3d Abbe numbers, n1d, n2d, and n3d refractive indices, f1, f2, and f3 focal lengths, respectively, and f is focal length of the objective of the system.

Abstract: Provided are: a substrate for a color wheel made of sapphire and including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface and the second surface being c-planes; a color wheel including the substrate for a color wheel and a colored portion; a projector including the color wheel; and a method for manufacturing a substrate for a color wheel.

Abstract: A micromechanical device includes a fixed structure, a mobile portion rotatable about a first rotation axis, and a first actuation structure arranged between the fixed structure and the mobile portion to enable rotation of the mobile portion about the first rotation axis. The mobile portion includes a supporting structure, a tiltable platform rotatable about a second rotation axis, transverse to the first rotation axis, and a second actuation structure coupled between the tiltable platform and the supporting structure. Stiffening elements are arranged between the supporting structure and the fixed structure. The micromechanical device may be used within a picoprojector.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes first and second deflecting units, and first and second imaging optical systems to guide first and second light fluxes deflected by the first and second deflecting units to first and second scanned surfaces. The first and second imaging optical systems include first and second imaging elements having the largest refractive power in a sub-scanning section. A distance on an optical path between the first deflecting unit and the first imaging element is shorter than that between the second deflecting unit and the second imaging element. The optical scanning apparatus satisfies: - d 2 N 2 ? ? 21 ? 2 < - d 1 N 1 ? ? 11 ? 1 , where N1, d1, ?1, and ?11 are a refractive index, a thickness on an optical axis, a refractive power in a sub-scanning section, and a refractive power in the sub-scanning section of an incident surface, of the first imaging element, and N2, d2, ?2, and ?21 are equivalents of the second imaging element.

Abstract: A light deflecting device includes a rotary polyhedron and a cover that covers the rotary polyhedron. The cover includes an opening facing a peripheral surface of the rotary polyhedron. Light beam is irradiated to the peripheral surface of the rotary polyhedron through the opening of the cover, and the rotary polyhedron allows the light beam to be deflected and scanned with respect to an object to be irradiated while rotating about an axial center thereof. When an opening angle of the opening centered on the axial center of the rotary polyhedron is ? and n is set as a natural number, ? satisfies the following Equation (1) ?>((360°/the number of surfaces of the rotary polyhedron)×n)×0.83 . . . (1) and Equation (2) ?<((360°/the number of surfaces of the rotary polyhedron)×n)×1.17 . . . (2).

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a casing holding an image capturing device, a protective cover disposed in a visual field of the image capturing device, a vibrator to vibrate the protective cover, a controller to control the vibrator, a monitor to detect an electrical characteristic value associated with a vibration of the vibrator, and a storage to store determination criteria based on which the controller evaluates the electrical characteristic value detected by the monitor. The controller is configured to evaluate the electrical characteristic value based on the plurality of determination criteria stored in the storage and clean a surface of the translucent body by controlling the vibrator according to the determination.

Abstract: A diffraction grating structure, an augmented reality apparatus including the same, and a method of manufacturing the diffraction grating structure are provided. The diffraction grating structure includes first and second substrates spaced apart from each other, a photodirector layer arranged between the first and second substrates and including an interference pattern formed therein, and a liquid crystal layer arranged on the photodirector layer and including liquid crystals oriented to correspond to the interference pattern and liquid crystals arranged in a chaotic state. Thus, an augmented reality apparatus having a large viewing angle due to the above diffraction grating structure may be implemented.

Abstract: A vehicular display device is used in a vehicle and displays an image received from a drawing device. The vehicular display device includes an image display unit, a notification unit, an image notification determination unit, a drawing request unit, a correspondence identification unit, and a notification execution unit. The image display unit executes notification by displaying the image. The notification unit executes notification by at least one of audio and light. The image notification determination unit determines whether the vehicle is in an image notification state. The drawing request unit requests the drawing device to draw the image corresponding to the image notification state. The correspondence identification unit identifies the correspondence notification action. The notification execution unit causes the notification unit to execute the correspondence notification action.

Abstract: An artificial-reality display uses an anisotropic material to circularly-polarize light exiting a waveguide so that the artificial-reality display is relatively transparent.

Abstract: A wearable device that aids vision of a person is disclosed that includes a display system including a display device, a first polarizer parallel to the display device, a quarter waveplate, and a mirror. The display device, the first polarizer, the quarter waveplate, and the mirror are arranged sequentially such that the display device is disposed at a first end of the display system and the mirror is disposed at a second, opposite end of the display system. The display system has a length corresponding to a focal length of the mirror. A camera system includes a camera and an image stabilization system with a zoom magnification configured to provide up to at or about 60 times zoom. The display system and the camera system are secured to a mount and are movable relative to each other about the mount. The mount is secured to a frame.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a lens including a first reflector; a display device at a first side surface of the lens and including a plurality of subpixels; and a lens array between the lens and the display device and including a plurality of lenses configured to condense light from the subpixels onto the first reflector.

Abstract: An optical apparatus into which light emitted from an image forming apparatus enters, in which the light is guided, and from which the light is emitted includes a light guide plate 30, first deflection means 41, second deflection means 42, and third deflection means 43. The first deflection means 41 deflects light incident on the light guide plate 30 in such a manner that the light is totally reflected in the light guide plate 30. The second deflection means 42 deflects the light that has propagated in the light guide plate 30 by total reflection in such a manner as to cause the light to be emitted from the light guide plate 30. The third deflection means 43 deflects the light that has been deflected by the first deflection means 41 and that has propagated in the light guide plate 30 by total reflection toward the second deflection means 42.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a reflective display with a pixel array that generates images. The reflective display may be illuminated by an illumination system. Light from the illumination system may be reflected by the pixel array as image light. The image light may be provided to a viewer using a waveguide with diffractive input and output couplers. The illumination system may have a waveguide. The illumination system may also have a light source such as one or more light-emitting diodes. Light from the light source may be coupled into the waveguide of the illumination system by a diffractive coupler such as volume hologram that serves as an input coupler. Light from the light source may be routed to the display to illuminate the display using the waveguide in the illumination system and a diffractive coupler such as a volume hologram that serves as an output coupler.

Abstract: An augmented reality display system includes a pair of variable focus lens elements that sandwich a waveguide stack. One of the lens elements is positioned between the waveguide stack and a user's eye to correct for refractive errors in the focusing of light projected from the waveguide stack to that eye. The lens elements may also be configured to provide appropriate optical power to place displayed virtual content on a desired depth plane. The other lens element is between the ambient environment and the waveguide stack, and is configured to provide optical power to compensate for aberrations in the transmission of ambient light through the waveguide stack and the lens element closest to the eye. In addition, an eye-tracking system monitors the vergence of the user's eyes and automatically and continuously adjusts the optical powers of the pair of lens elements based on the determined vergence of those eyes.

Abstract: A multi-aperture imaging device includes an image sensor and an array of optical channels, wherein each optical channel includes an optic for imaging at least a part of a total field of view onto an image sensor region of the image sensor. The multi-aperture imaging device includes a beam-deflector including at least one beam-deflecting element for deflecting an optical path of an optical channel, wherein each optical channel is assigned a beam-deflecting element. The beam-deflecting element is configured to have a transparent state of a controllable surface based on first electric control and to have a reflecting state of the controllable surface based on a second electric control in order to deflect the optical path.

Abstract: There is described a method for controlling, in a display, a virtual image of a displaying object for which displaying is controllable. The method comprises providing a curved mirrored surface opposing the displaying object to produce the virtual image. The location of an observer is determined, with respect to the curved mirrored surface. A position of the virtual image can then be determined for the observer at the location, wherein this virtual image provides at least one of parallax and a stereoscopic depth cue. The displaying object is controlled to produce the virtual image as determined.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device for generating a 3D light field. The device comprises a first lens having a fixed focal length, and an imaging element arranged to send light into the first lens. The imaging element is configured to send the light from different positions within a defined distance on the optical axis of the first lens, in order to produce different depth layers of the 3D light field within a frame duration.

Abstract: A prism apparatus, and a camera and an image display apparatus including the same are disclosed. The prism apparatus includes: a first prism configured to reflect input light toward a first reflected direction, a first actuator configured to change an angle of the first prism about a first rotation axis to change the first reflected direction based on a first control signal, a second prism configured to reflect the light reflected from the first prism toward a second reflected direction, and a second actuator configured to change an angle of the second prism about a second rotation axis to change the second reflected direction based on a second control signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to trial scleral lenses, and the resulting scleral lenses, designed for the asymmetric shape of the sclera and/or its chiral properties. In some embodiments, the scleral lenses are also designed for the specific asymmetry associated with different scleral diameters. In addition, as discussed herein, the scleral shape can vary with different conditions of the eye. By designing a set of trial scleral lenses that takes into account these different asymmetric properties of the sclera, a clinician can be more efficient, fitting more eyes with fewer subsequent modifications. The resulting lenses will also achieve a better fit.

Abstract: Progressive lenses designs are disclosed having optical parameters such as the width of a far vision zone, the width of a near vision zone, the width of a corridor, the maximum residual cylinder, the maximum gradient of residual cylinder, that vary with addition. Such lens designs may provide improved performance for individuals requiring different amounts of addition (such as individuals having different ages) who spend more time performing different types of activities such as viewing hand-held devices like smart phones and tablets or reading books.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for determining centring is disclosed. At least two calibrated images of the head which are captured simultaneously from different viewing directions are provided, and geometric parameters which describe the position of the eyes are determined by geometric position determination. A three-dimensional data set describing geometric parameters of the frame front is provided; the geometric parameters of the frame front and the geometric parameters describing the position of the eyes are brought into relation to each other with a rigid transformation; and the centring parameters are calculated from the geometric parameters describing the frame front and those describing the position of the eyes.

Abstract: A head up display may include a combiner having a semi-transparent mirror to reflect light projected by a head up display light source. A dimmable element may be disposed adjacent to the combiner and opposite the semi-transparent mirror. The dimmable element may be configured to reduce the transmission of light reflected by the combiner through the dimmable element. The dimmable element may include a control system configured to reduce the transmission of light reflected by the combiner according to a plurality of light transmission reduction steps and may include a feedback control system configured to adjust the transmission of light through the dimmable element based on at least a light sensor and a light source measuring light transmission through the dimmable element.

Abstract: A method to configure an optical device. The method may rely on an optical device that includes two parallel mirrors extending, each, parallel to a reference plane, and an active material extending between the mirrors. An average plane of the active material is parallel to said reference plane, so as to form an optical resonator. The active material is energized so as to non-volatilely alter a refractive index and/or an optical absorption in one or more regions of said material. This results in forming one or more cavities, respectively, in which light can be laterally confined, in-plane with said average plane, in addition to being confined between the mirrors, along a direction perpendicular to said reference plane. Each of the one or more cavities has an altered mode profile compared to a non-altered region of the active material. Related methods and optical devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A silicon photonic device is provided including a substrate; a passive silicon optical device, on the substrate; an electrically insulating cladding layer that encapsulates the optical device on the substrate, the cladding layer including a trench patterned therein, so as for the trench to at least partly cover the optical device, on a side of the latter, the trench filled with an electrically insulating, thermally conducting material, having a refractive index that is lower than a refractive index of silicon, thereby forming a heat conduction channel toward the optical device; and a heating element, in contact with the thermally conducting material. A method of operating such silicon photonic devices is also provided.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a first arm and a second arm, each arm includes an arrangement with an equal amount of p-doped material and an equal amount of n-doped material, such that mask misalignment causes a same effect in both arms; and each arm includes a plurality of segments where electrodes connect for push-pull operation of the first arm and the second arm.

Abstract: Optical polarization control devices that include two pairs of squeezing plates oriented in mutually perpendicular directions are described. Compressive forces exerted by the two pairs of plates onto an optical fiber can be configured for low polarization mode dispersion. Various methods and systems in which the polarization control devices can be employed are also described.

Abstract: An infrared reflection device includes a power supply assembly, a plurality of switches, and two relatively disposed light-transmitting conductive substrates packaging a regulating area. Each of the light-transmitting conductive substrates comprise a light-transmitting substrate and an electrode layer. The regulating area is filled with a liquid crystal mixture; the electrode layers are arranged on opposite surfaces of the two light-transmitting substrates; the electrode layer of at least one of the light-transmitting conductive substrates comprises at least two mutually independent electrode areas; and electrode areas of the same light-transmitting conductive substrate, after being respectively connected in series to the switches, are jointly connected in parallel to the same electrode of the power supply assembly.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device includes disposing a polarizing layer on one surface of a display panel including a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode; cutting the polarizing layer using a cutting laser beam such that a side of the polarizing layer and a side of the display panel correspond to each other; applying a conductive paste on the side of the display panel; and patterning the conductive paste using a patterning laser beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display device, including a first display panel, a second display panel, and a plurality of first lenses. The first display panel has a light emitting surface and includes a plurality of first sub-pixels. Each of the first sub-pixels has a first sub-pixel width. The second display panel is located at one side of the light emitting surface of the first display panel and includes a plurality of second sub-pixels. Each of the second sub-pixels has a second sub-pixel width. The first lenses are disposed between the first display panel and the second display panel. Each of the first lenses has a first diameter, and the first diameter is smaller than the second sub-pixel width.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel adapted to alleviate the separation issue between the pixel array substrate and the opposite substrate is provided. The LCD panel includes a pixel array substrate, a first sealant pattern, a liquid crystal layer, a second sealant pattern and an opposite substrate. The pixel array substrate has an active region and a peripheral region surrounding the active region. The first sealant pattern surrounds the active region. The liquid crystal layer is located on the active region and is located inside the first sealant pattern. The second sealant pattern is located outside the first sealant pattern, and the second sealant pattern includes at least one two-dimensional extending structure. The at least one two-dimensional extending structure is located outside a sidewall corresponding to the first sealant pattern, and includes a plurality of turning structures. The opposite substrate faces the pixel array substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel including a pixel array substrate, an opposite substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a plurality of first bumps, a first inorganic transparent insulating layer and a sealant is provided. The opposite substrate faces the pixel array substrate. The liquid crystal layer is located between the pixel array substrate and the opposite substrate. The plurality of first bumps are located between the pixel array substrate and the opposite substrate. The first inorganic transparent insulating layer is located on the plurality of first bumps and completely covers the opposite substrate. The sealant surrounds the liquid crystal layer. The sealant covers the plurality of first bumps. The liquid crystal display panel of the disclosure effectively blocks the moisture infiltrating from the sealant.

Abstract: In order to avoid generation of black unevenness caused by the water intrusion into a liquid crystal display device, there is to provide a liquid crystal display device including a display area and a terminal portion, in which a TFT substrate with an organic passivation film formed and an opposite substrate are adhered to each other by a seal portion and a liquid crystal is enclosed there, wherein in the seal portion of the TFT substrate, a groove-shaped through-hole is formed in the organic passivation film to surround the display area, a water absorption layer formed of the same material in the same process as that of the organic passivation film is formed within the groove-shaped through-hole, and the water absorption layer is not covered with the inorganic insulating film.

Abstract: A method of producing liquid crystal display panels includes a sealing material application step of applying sealing material on a first substrate to define regions, a vacuum assembling step of assembling a second substrate to the first substrate in a vacuum, an atmospheric pressure pressing step of pressing the first substrate and the second substrate under atmospheric pressure, an ultraviolet curing step of irradiating ultraviolet rays to the sealing material, a thermal curing step of heating the sealing material, a cutting step of cutting the assembled first and second substrates into pieces for each of the regions that are defined by the sealing material and forming pairs of substrates each of which including the region surrounded by the sealing material, and a liquid crystal injecting step of injecting liquid crystals. In the sealing material application step, the sealing material that defines the regions is applied in a closed loop form.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate and a manufacturing method of same are provided. The TFT array substrate includes a TFT array layer, a color filter layer, and a passivation layer. The color filter layer includes a blue sub-pixel, and the passivation layer includes a passivation layer body and a plurality of protrusions protruding on the passivation layer body. By forming the protrusions of the passivation layer on two side areas of the blue sub-pixel of the color filter layer, a photoresist on the two side areas of the blue sub-pixel is increased, such that a thickness of the passivation layer is uniformized, this reduces chromaticity difference.

Abstract: A display device that can switch between normal display and see-through display is provided. Visibility in see-through display is improved. A liquid crystal element overlaps with a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element, a transistor, and the like overlapping with the liquid crystal element transmit visible light. When the liquid crystal element blocks external light, an image is displayed with the light-emitting element. When the liquid crystal element transmits external light, an image displayed with the light-emitting element is superimposed on a transmission image through the liquid crystal element.

Abstract: A display substrate has first and second conductive layers separated from one another by an insulation layer. The first and second conductive layers are used to integrally form on the display substrate, pixel units in a relatively central display area of the substrate and integrated gate driving circuitry as well as associated wirings thereof in one or more peripheral areas. The first and second conductive layers are covered by a first protection layer made of a first electrically insulative material. A second and supplementing protection layer is provided on top of the first protection layer. The supplementing protection layer (buffer layer) is formed of a material different from that of the first protection layer so as to provide supplemental resistance against corrosive chemical agents and supplemental resistance against formation of cracks.

Abstract: The invention discloses a pixel structure including: a main electrode, and a plurality of branch electrodes connected to the main electrode; wherein closed areas and open areas are formed among the plurality of the branch electrodes. The invention solves the problem that the liquid crystal at the edge position of the peripheral closed design scheme is easily affected by the electric field and the alignment disorder occurs by designing the branch electrode in the ITO electrode as the closed area and the open area, so that the display is uniform and the display effect is improved. Further, with respect to the design of the peripheral opening, the invention reduces the number of black streaks and increases the light transmittance due to the closed areas and the open areas of the interval distribution.

Abstract: Provided are a contrast ratio improving optical film, a polarizing plate comprising the same, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same, wherein the contrast ratio improving optical film comprises a contrast ratio improving layer. The contrast ratio improving layer comprises a first resin layer and a second resin layer which faces the first resin layer, wherein the second resin layer comprises a pattern part having optical patterns and a flat part between the optical patterns. The optical patterns have at least one inclined surface with respect to the flat part, and the flat part or the inclined surface has a light absorption layer formed thereon. The contrast ratio improving optical film has a lowest reflectance of 0.5% or less.

Abstract: Disclosed an array substrate and a display panel, wherein the array substrate comprises a substrate, a plurality of pixel units disposed on the substrate, wherein each of the pixel units comprises a first pixel subunit, a second pixel subunit and a third pixel subunit, and a color filter disposed on each of the pixel subunits, wherein the color filter is located between the substrate and the second substrate, and the color filter of the third pixel subunit has a step structure. The display panel comprises the array substrate above and a second substrate, wherein the second substrate being disposed opposite to the array substrate.

Abstract: The present application relates to an optical device. The present application provides an optical device capable of varying transmittance, and such an optical device can be used for various applications such as eyewear, for example, sunglasses or AR (augmented reality) or VR (virtual reality) eyewear, an outer wall of a building or a sunroof for a vehicle.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display panel including a plurality of pixel units is provided. Each pixel unit includes first and second substrates, one first signal line, four second signal lines, a liquid crystal layer, a first pixel structure, a second pixel structure, a third pixel structure and a fourth pixel structure. The first and second signal lines are disposed on the first substrate. The first, second, third, and fourth pixel structures are electrically connected to one of the four second signal lines respectively and electrically connected to the first signal line, where the first, second, third, and fourth pixel structures respectively include an active component and a reflective pixel electrode electrically connected to the active component, and a reflection area ratio of the first, second, third, and fourth pixel structures is 1:2:4:8. The second substrate is located opposite to the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A backlight module and a display device are provided. The backlight module includes: a light source, and a plurality of light exit apertures on a light exit side of the light source, where a converging grating is arranged in the light exit aperture; and the converging grating includes: a circular first grating section at the center, and a plurality of annular second grating sections surrounding the first grating section and radially outwardly distributed successively, where the light-transmitting slits of the first grating and the second grating sections are annular light-transmitting slits. The converging grating is configured to converge light at various angles emitted by the corresponding light exit aperture into some specified position.

Abstract: Embodiments of a display device are described. A display device includes a backlight unit having a light source and a liquid crystal display (LCD) module. The light source is configured to emit a primary light having a first peak wavelength. The LCD module includes a first sub-pixel having a phosphor film and a second sub-pixel having a non-phosphor film. The phosphor film is configured to receive a first portion of the primary light and to convert the first portion of the primary light to emit a secondary light having a second peak wavelength that is different from the first peak wavelength. The non-phosphor film is configured to receive a second portion of the primary light and to optically modify the second portion of the primary light to emit an optically modified primary light having a third peak wavelength that is different from the first and second peak wavelengths.

Abstract: A light source apparatus including a light-emitting module and a control unit is provided. The light-emitting module is configured to provide a light. The control unit is configured to make the light switched between a first light and a second light so that at least one of a blue-light hazard and a circadian stimulus value of the light is changed. A wavelength of a blue light main peak in a spectrum of the first light is different from a wavelength of a blue light main peak in a spectrum of the second light.