Abstract: Embodiments for managing medical anomalies by one or more processors are described. Medical data associated with an individual is received. The medical data is detected by a first computing device. The first computing device includes a mobile electronic device. The received medical data is compared to stored medical data associated with the individual. Based on the comparison of the received data to the stored data, a control signal for a second computing device is caused to be generated.

Abstract: A wearable physiological monitoring system comprises commercially available off-the shelf components. With the growth of interrelated systems of computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people connected by the Internet, there is a significant interest in the use of wearable sensors such as cell watches, and cell phones. These wearable sensors may be used to monitor physiological signals and provide health information. An edge-intelligent Internet based wearable assists in substance-abuse detection by monitoring and interpreting an individual's physiological signals on continuous basis. The wearable device helps in monitoring cravings and substance abuse of the individual and help the healthcare provider to start an early intervention as required. The proposed system is developed as a dedicated substance abuse wearable system. An example of a wearable device is a medical quality wearable which yielded a correlation of 0.89 for accelerometer measurements and 0.

Abstract: A measuring device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a processor configured to acquire, from a sensor, a first, a second, a third and a fourth measurement result obtained by measuring a value related to information at time intervals using the sensor, transmit the first measurement and the second measurement result in a one-way communication packet during a first period from when the second measurement result is obtained until the third measurement result is obtained, and transmit the second and the third measurement result in the one-way communication packet during a second period from when the third measurement result is obtained until the fourth measurement result is obtained.

Abstract: A system for respiration comprises a respirator, input unit, and telemonitoring unit. The respirator comprises a sensor unit which comprises sensors whose measured values permit an ascertainment of pressure and/or flow and/or volume of supplied and/or exhaled gases, a preparation unit which prepares acquired measured values, a computation unit which determines signals and/or characteristic variables based on the measured values, a recognition unit which uses the values for further analysis, a storage unit which stores these values, and a communication unit. The input unit is configured to provide values and items of information of the user input by a user via the input unit on his health state to the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid imaging system for photodiagnosis and phototherapy and, more particularly, to a hybrid imaging system for photodiagnosis and phototherapy, which simultaneously acquires a visible ray image or a near-infrared ray image and a long wave infrared ray image by using an optical method. The hybrid imaging system for photodiagnosis and phototherapy according to the present invention includes a light distribution unit, a visible ray/near-infrared ray measurement unit, a long wave infrared ray measurement unit, and a light source unit, thereby simultaneously and quickly extracting a visible ray image, a near-infrared ray image, and a long wave infrared ray image without mutual distortion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions, methods and systems for identifying, in real time, the position and orientation of the esophagus prior to and during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures, so as to avoid or reduce the incidence of atrioesophageal fistula (AEF). The compositions, methods and systems of the present invention include the identification and visualization of the esophagus, the rapid and accurate integration of the visualized esophagus into an anatomical map together with the posterior wall of the left atrium, in each case presented as a 3-D map, so as to facilitate the accurate identification of those areas of the esophagus that lie in contact with or in near proximity to those areas of the posterior wall of the left atrium that the operator intends to ablate.

Abstract: An electronic device measures physiological information of a living subject. The electronic device includes a sensor assembly, a first driving unit with an electromagnetic structure and a second driving unit. The first driving unit drives the sensor assembly to scan the living subject's skin along a scan path in a non-contact way to determine a measuring position. The second driving unit drives the sensor assembly to move towards and contact the living subject's skin to measure the physiological information based on the measuring position. In a typical embodiment, the sensor is configured under a measurement surface where a wrist of a user is put on. The sensor scans the user's wrist along a scan path under the wrist in a non-contact way and move upwards to contact the user's wrist for measuring the physiological information based on the scanning result.

Abstract: The present document describes a pressure guidewire. It comprises a shaft tube having a proximal section and a sensor housing having a distal end, the proximal section and the sensor housing being the continuity of the same shaft tube. A fiber optic pressure sensor is embedded in the sensor housing and comprises an optical fiber extending within the sensor housing, the sensor adapted to measure a pressure of a fluid which is substantially applied in an axis collinear with the longitudinal axis of the guidewire. A marker band, to help in localizing the pressure guidewire in a patient's vessels, is embedded inside the sensor housing and fixed to the optical fiber for holding the pressure sensor inside the sensor housing.

Abstract: A probe, such as a spectroscopic probe, for enabling a fluid or tissue sample to be tested in situ. The probe includes a conduit, such as a hypodermic needle, that can be inserted into a test subject and a wave coupling arranged to direct electromagnetic radiation, such as light, from an energy source to the sample and/or from the sample to a receiver for analysis. The receiver may comprise a Raman spectroscope. The probe may include a carriage that can be used to move at least some of the optical coupling towards and away from the insertion tip of the conduit. The probe may include a pressure modifier that can be used to draw fluid into or expel fluid from the conduit.

Abstract: A system or device includes a member structure, a plurality of flexible members, and a plurality of tips disposed at ends of the flexible members. The member structure includes an ultrasonic emitter configured to emit an ultrasonic imaging signal. The plurality of flexible members are coupled to the member structure. The plurality of tips are disposed at ends of the flexible members. At least one tip of the plurality of tips includes an image sensor configured to receive an infrared exit signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor unit (2) for determining the core body temperature by means of measured values which can be determined outside the body on a surface, comprising at least one heat flow sensor (20, 20?), and at least one temperature sensor (21, 21?), which can be easily compactly produced and installed and allows optimized determination of the core body temperature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting an occurrence of a transient ischemic attack (TIA). In one embodiment, a device is utilized to measure first and second signals indicative of photoplethysmogram signals at first and second regions on the left and right sides of a user's head (PPGSL and PPGSR, respectively). A computer detects the occurrence of a TIA based on PPGSL and PPGSR that exhibit a pattern that involves the following: (i) an asymmetry between PPGSL and PPGSR, which is below a threshold, during a first period spanning more than a day; (ii) an asymmetry between PPGSL and PPGSR, which exceeds the threshold, during a second period following the first period and spanning between 5 and 180 minutes; and (iii) an asymmetry between PPGSL and PPGSR, which falls below the threshold, during a third period following the second period.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for detecting a physiological response using different types of photoplethysmography sensors. Examples of physiological responses that may be detected include an allergic reaction, a stroke, a migraine, stress, certain emotional responses, manifestation of pain, and blood pressure. In one embodiment, a head-mounted contact photoplethysmography device measures a signal indicative of photoplethysmogram signal at a first region that includes exposed skin on a user's head (PPG signal). A camera, located more than 10 mm away from the user's head, captures images of a second region that includes exposed skin on the user's head. A computer detects the physiological response based on: (i) imaging photoplethysmogram signals (iPPG signals) recognizable in the images, and (ii) correlations between the PPG signal and the iPPG signals.

Abstract: A measurement device can be used by a patient or user to scan a tissue site to generate a thermal image of the scanned tissue site. The device can measure and collect temperature data and position data using one or more thermal and position sensors. The data can be used to generate a thermal image of the scanned tissue. The thermal image can be used to monitor various tissue sites and determine location and severity of inflammation. The thermal field scanner can help patients in avoiding formation of ulcers and other dangerous medical conditions.

Abstract: The heart rate monitor disclosed herein removes a step rate component from a measured heart rate by using one or more filtering techniques when the step rate is close to the heart rate. In general, a difference between the step rate and the heart rate is determined, and the step rate is filtered from the heart rate based on a function of the difference.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes: a sensor part configured to obtain contact pressure of a contact surface contacted by an object, and configured to obtain a contact image of the object that contacts the contact surface; and a processor configured to obtain a pulse wave signal of a region of interest based on the contact image, and configured to estimate bio-information based on the obtained pulse wave signal and the contact pressure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a dual optical path sensor module for collect human physiological signals based on photoplethysmography. The module includes a base, and a photoelectric receiver and two light source modules mounted on the base. The two light source modules are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the photoelectric receiver, and each light source module includes light sources with at least two wavelengths. A light shielding portion is further disposed on the base, the light shielding portion surrounds the photoelectric receiver, and there is an opening at the top of the light shielding portion, so that light emitted from the light source is received by the photoelectric receiver after the light is diffusely reflected by the human body tissue.

Abstract: Some aspects of the invention may be directed to a system and method of determining an occurrence of inter-vascular occlusion. The method may include: receiving, from a first sensor, a first indication, related to blood flow in a first artery supplying blood to a first hemisphere of a subject's brain; receiving from one of: the first sensor and a second sensor, a second indication related to the blood flow in a second artery supplying blood to a second hemisphere of the subject's brain; comparing the first and second indications; and determining an occurrence of an inter-vascular occlusion based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling aneurysm initiation or formation in an individual are presented; the technique comprises receiving morphological data of an artery being indicative of at least first and second geometrical parameters of the artery along its trajectory; analyzing the data to identify at least one flow-diverting location along the artery satisfying first and second predetermined conditions of the geometrical parameters; classifying the individual as having or not having disposition for future formation of an aneurysm, depending respectively on whether the at least one flow-diverting location is identified or not and generating classification data; and generating prediction data for the individual with regard to future aneurysm formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wearable device capable of blood pressure measurement, comprising a wrist band assembly, a display unit provided on the wrist band assembly, and a detachable bladder provided on a backside of the wrist band assembly, wherein the wrist band assembly is provided with a micro air pump connected to the detachable bladder, an air pressure sensor provided on a side of the detachable bladder, and a processor connected to the micro air pump and the air pressure sensor, and the processor activates the micro air pump according to a trigger signal in order for the micro air pump to inflate the detachable bladder and for a user's blood pressure parameters to be derived from data sent by the air pressure sensor to the processor.

Abstract: A bio-signal acquiring apparatus includes a sensor part and a signal processor. The sensor part includes a bio-signal sensor, a load sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor array, the bio-signal sensor configured to detect a bio-signal of an object that comes into contact with the sensor part, the load sensor configured to detect a contact load of the object, and the ultrasonic sensor array configured to detect contact load distribution of the object. The signal processor is configured to obtain a contact load of the object at a region of interest based on the contact load and the contact load distribution, and configured to output the contact load of the object at the region of interest and the bio-signal.

Abstract: Persons with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may, or may not, recognize that they have symptoms of SDB, and/or that they may be at-risk of, or suffering certain health problems associated with SDB, including death. The disclosed Energy Conversion Monitor (ECM) sensor, when embodied, for example, in a wearable upper-armband format, has been demonstrated to be more sensitive and responsive than pulse oximetry monitoring of blood oxygen saturation as an indication of hypoxic stress induced by SDB, and is compatible with: (1) inclusion in sleep laboratory polysomnograph (PSG) testing instrumentation, (2) home-based diagnostic testing for SDB, (3) control of home-use airway therapy devices, (4) continuous remote surveillance and refinement of airway therapy, and (5) spot-check and continuous surveillance of sleep quality in the general population. The disclosed ECM also provides new measurements of physiologic stress during and following exercise.

Abstract: A method for producing an image representative of the vasculature of a subject using a MRI system includes the acquisition of a signal indicative of a subject' cardiac phase. During each heartbeat of the subject, image slices of a volume covering a region of interest (ROI) within the subject are acquired by applying a volume-selective venous suppression pulse to suppress (a) venous signal for an upper slice in the ROI; (b) venous signal for slices that are upstream for venous flow in the ROI; and (c) background signal from the upstream slices. Next, a slice-selective background suppression pulse is applied to suppress background signal of the upper slice. Following a quiescent time interval, a spectrally selective fat suppression pulse is applied to the entire volume to attenuate signal from background fat signal. Then, a simultaneous multi-slice acquisition of the upper slice and the upstream slices is performed.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring blood pressure includes: a pulse wave measurer including a first light source configured to emit a first light, a second light source configured to emit a second light, and a photodetector configured to measure a pulse wave signal of an object based on the first light emitted by the first light source onto the object and returning from the object; a force measurer configured to measure a contact force between the object and the pulse wave measurer; and a processor configured to control emission of the second light from the second light source based on the measured contact force, and configured to estimate blood pressure of the object based on the measured pulse wave signal and the measured contact force.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining at least one blood pressure value of a subject. According to the invention, a heartbeat signal of a subject, in particular an ECG, is determined by means of a heartbeat measuring arrangement and transmitted to a circulation parameter determination unit, wherein the circulation parameter determination unit determines at least one value of an autonomic tone, in particular a vagal tone and/or a heart rate variability and/or a sympathetic tone and/or an autonomic quotient, from a determined time profile of the heartbeat signal, wherein the circulation parameter determination unit determines the at least one blood pressure value taking into account the at least one value of the autonomic tone, and the determined blood pressure value is output.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for detecting and measuring pressure within a region of a body lumen or vessel. The pressure sensing system includes a light source for transmitting light through a pathway containing polarization-maintaining fiber optic wires. A distal portion of the polarization-maintaining fiber optic wire, which is engaged to and extends along a guidewire, includes pressure sensing station(s) made up of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). The light transmitted to and reflected from the FBGs on the two polarization modes of the polarization-maintaining fiber optic wire can be analyzed to provide one or more pressure values.

Abstract: An assembly of at least one radiation detector, at least one radiation emitter and a housing configured to be positioned inside the ear canal of a person or animal, the detector(s) and emitter(s) being provided in or on the housing, the emitter(s) being configured to emit radiation away from the housing and the detector(s) being configured to receive radiation directed toward the housing. No overlap may be provided between the field of view of the radiation detector(s) and the emitter(s), such as by providing a blocking element.

Abstract: A expandable multi-physiological parameter monitoring ring, comprising a microprocessor module (1) and an internal sensor module (3) connected to the microprocessor module (1), and further comprising an external module interface (4) detachably connected to the microprocessor module (1) and used for connecting an external sensor module (5). The microprocessor module (1) is configured to: when the external module interface (4) is connected to the external sensor module (5), obtain measurement signals from the external sensor module (5) and the internal sensor module (3), and process the measurement signals to obtain a difference between a measurement signal of the external sensor module (5) and a measurement signal of the internal sensor module (3); and when the external module interface (4) is not connected to the external sensor module (5), calibrate, according to the difference, a physiological parameter obtained by the internal sensor module (3).

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a device for monitoring patient's vital functions, in particular for measuring respiratory and heart rate. This is achieved by using a piezoelectric transducer which also forms with measuring electrode a measuring capacitor. In addition, a comparator capacitor is used to increase resistance to changes in the measuring conditions.

Abstract: Local activation times (LATs) are mapped by computing an LAT range for a plurality of electrophysiology data points, splitting the LAT range into two or more LAT sub-ranges, splitting the LAT map into a corresponding number of LAT sub-maps, and associating a mapping sub-convention (e.g., a color spectrum, grayscale, and/or pattern density range) with each of the LAT sub-maps. The mapping sub-conventions can be scaled (e.g., linearly, logarithmically) to their respective LAT sub-ranges, allowing for an overall LAT map that offers increased granularity over LAT sub-ranges of particular interest to the practitioner. The LAT sub-maps can be updated in real time as additional electrophysiology data points are collected.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for generating and processing compressed sensor data. Sensor signals can be collected using one or more sensors. The sensor signals can be compressed using a compression data structure. In some instances, the compressed signal corresponds to a sampling rate at or below the Nyquist sampling rate. The compressed signal can be compared to one or more templates. Events within the compressed signal can be detected and characterized based on the comparison.

Abstract: The present invention discloses wearable electrocardiographic measurement device which includes a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is mounted on a user's body via a wearable structure, and the second electrode is implemented to contact the user's upper limb, neck or shoulder, so as to achieve a loop for acquiring electrocardiographic signals.

Abstract: An electrode connector adapted for attachment to a biomedical patient electrode by either pinch or snap connection includes a pair of pivotally connected members including a connector body and a jaw pivotally connected to said connector body, with the jaw defining a beveled lower surface that functions to urge the jaw open by engagement of the top surface of an ECG stud thereby allowing the connector to be attached by snap engagement. An electrically conducting plate is disposed at the bottom of the connector to maximize electrical contact with the electrode stud. The jaw member further includes a lip functioning to engage a lower portion of the head of the stud and urge the radially enlarged base of the stud into electrical contact with the bottom surface of said electrically conducting member. An ECG electrode connector in accordance with the present invention may further be fabricated of radiolucent materials.

Abstract: A variety of convolutional neural network based shockable heart rhythm classifiers are described. The neural network is configured to receive an electrocardiogram segment as an input and to generate an output indicative of whether the received electrocardiogram segment represents a heart rhythm that is suitable for treatment by a defibrillation shock. Preferably, the received electrocardiogram segment is not transformed or processed prior to its reception by the convolutional neural network and no features of the electrocardiogram are identified to the convolutional neural network. In some embodiments, the received electrocardiogram segment is the sole input to the convolutional neural network. The described classifier is well suited for use in defibrillators.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods to map an electrical waveform to a user-perceivable input. Some system examples include at least one electrode configured to sense neural activity in a patient, a mapping controller configured to receive an electrical waveform from the at least one electrode and map the sensed neural activity to a user-perceivable output based on the sensed neural activity, and a user interface operably connected to the mapping controller and configured to provide the user-perceivable output to a user.

Abstract: A suction cup electrode and methods thereof configured to be used with an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). The suction cup electrode is reusable and creates an effective comfortable suction to most skin surfaces of most patients and is able to be applied to and removed from patients with minimal force and discomfort for patients.

Abstract: A dual-mode epidermal sensor/electrode that, when worn on a human chest, is capable of synchronously/continuously monitoring electrical activity and mechano-acoustic activity of a cardiovascular system. The dual-mode epidermal sensor/electrode consists of a pair of stretchable electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes made out of filamentary serpentine gold nano-membranes and a stretchable seismocardiogram (SCG) sensor comprising a filamentary serpentine PVDF. The dual-mode epidermal sensor/electrode is light, thin, flexible, and requires no operational power. The sensor can be laminated conformably and unobtrusively on a human chest to provide high fidelity ECG measurements and SCG measurements, and an estimated beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP). The dual-mode epidermal sensor is fabricated using a cost-effective, cut-and-paste method of construction.

Abstract: An extended wear electrocardiography and physiological sensor monitor recorder is provided. A set of electrical contacts extend from a bottom surface of a proximal end of a sealed housing. The sealed housing includes electronic circuitry, including an electrographic front end circuit to sense electrocardiographic signals and a micro-controller interfaced to the electrocardiographic front end circuit to sample the electrocardiographic signals. A patient feedback button located is on a top surface of the proximal end of the sealed housing and positioned above the feedback bottom on the distal end.

Abstract: Methods for the diagnosis, prognosis, patient stratification and prediction of pharmacological response in patients afflicted by psychiatric disorders based on electroretinography (ERG) parameters are described.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for removal and replacement of artifacts in electrophysiological data from muscular activity in the gastrointestinal tract of a patient are disclosed. The approach includes setting an artifact identification threshold based on the parameters of the data, assessing the full extent of the artifact in time, and replacing the values with ones that are neutral in the time series and minimizing the effect on a power spectrum of the data. More particularly, the method includes steps of identifying artifacts within the raw time series data, eliminating the identified artifacts, and replacing the artifacts with any of interpolated points or constant value points to create a clean time series data set representing valid gastrointestinal tract EMG signals.

Abstract: A system is described herein that can be used to perform magneto-optical detection of a disease component in a test sample using magnetic nanoparticles. A concentration of magnetic nanoparticles and a concentration of bindable agents can be administered to the test sample. The magnetic nanoparticles can be configured to attach to the bindable agents. A light beam can be transmitted through the test sample to a light detector. A magnetic field gradient can be established through the test sample. If the transmitted light beam under the magnetic field gradient exhibits a variable intensity change during a time period, the disease component can be determined to exist in the test sample.

Abstract: A method and device to impart the ability to selectively quantify chemical/biochemical analytes occupying physiological fluids via an automated process that allow the precise and spatially-defined simultaneous deposition of a thin-film of polymer containing an immobilized biorecognition element dispersed therein. A tissue penetrating electrochemical sensor comprises at least one working electrode and at least one of a reference electrode and a counter electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a mounting assembly for attaching medical equipment to a patient table. In one particular embodiment, the present disclosure provides a mounting assembly for attaching a magnetic field generator to a patient table. The mounting assembly allows for the secure attachment of the magnetic field generator to the patient table while also allowing for easy adjustment of the positioning and location of the magnetic field generator, even after the patient is on the table. In many embodiments the mounting assembly is comprised of a mounting apparatus that attaches directly to the patient table and first and second side rails that attach to the magnetic field generator and are configured to slidably attach to the mounting apparatus. In some embodiments, the mounting apparatus and side rails are constructed of a material that provides little or no interference with the magnetic field generator.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for location of the disposition of a medical probe in a subject are disclosed. An array of electromagnetic drive coil sets, each set having two or three dimensionally oriented drive coils, a sensor coil being electromagnetically communicative with the array of electromagnetic drive coil sets, a discrete core wire providing response to electrical stimuli of the subject, and a system controller communicative with and adapted to energize one or more of the electromagnetic coils in the array of electromagnetic drive coil sets are disclosed. The energizing of the one or more of the electromagnetic coils including one or more of energizing the coils singly, or in pairs of x-y and y-z or x-z coils while measuring the response of the sensor coil, whereby the system uses the measurements of the responses of the sensor coil to calculate the location of the sensor coil relative to said drive coil sets.

Abstract: Methods, devices, systems and apparatus for determining emphysema thresholds for processing a pulmonary medical image are provided. In one aspect, a method includes: determining lung lobe regions in the pulmonary medical image, and, for each of the lung lobe regions, clustering CT values in the lung lobe region to divide the lung lobe region into a first sub region and a second sub region and acquiring a CT value corresponding to an intersection of a first CT value distribution function for the first sub region and a second CT value distribution function for the second sub region in the lung lobe region as an emphysema threshold for the lung lobe region.

Abstract: An object information acquisition apparatus includes: a probe receiving an acoustic wave generated from an object and to output a signal; a scanning unit scanning the object with the probe by changing a position of the probe relative to the object; a control unit controlling execution of acoustic wave measurement on the object; and an information acquiring unit acquiring characteristic information on the object by using the signal, wherein the control unit executes first acoustic wave measurement and second acoustic wave measurement for a predetermined region of the object, and the first acoustic wave measurement is executed within a shorter period of time than the second acoustic wave measurement, and the information acquiring unit acquires displacement information indicating displacement of the object by using a first signal acquired by the first acoustic wave measurement and a second signal acquired by the second acoustic wave measurement.

Abstract: A health management apparatus includes a processor that is configured to activate a sugoroku including squares linking a starting square with a finishing square and direct a piece of a user to be advanced through the squares. The processor is configured to obtain measurement data including biological information of the user and a time of day or location of measurement at which the biological information has been measured. The processor is configured to assess an evaluation value based on whether the time of day or location of measurement satisfies a condition, and determine a number of squares through which the piece is to be advanced in the sugoroku, based on the evaluation value.

Abstract: A spine movement sensing apparatus is disclosed herein. The spine movement sensing apparatus comprises a string of sensor segments, wherein each sensor segment of the string is configured to attach adjacent to a patient's spine. Each sensor segment comprises at least one sensor for sensing an orientation of the respective sensor segment.

Abstract: The simulation of physiological functions for monitoring and evaluation of bodily strength and flexibility includes a method and system for automated biomechanical analysis for simulated bodily joint movements. In one use, the simulation supports anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention and recovery. The disclosure includes processing an automated and simulated biometric analysis algorithm on a computer processor and recording measurements relating to a plurality of physical therapy tests. The disclosure tracks the movement of joints on the subject's body from the subject's trunk downward to the subject's toes and calculates the results of the physical therapy tests for analyzing angles, movement quality, and related interrelationships amongst said joints. The method and system further derive and provide reports of comparisons of results with normative values and associate indicators for the comparisons to the potential of the subject to experience biomechanical conditions of injury or development.

Abstract: An adhesive system having a first layer including a first layer material having a top and a bottom having a bottom perimeter, and a first layer adhesive on the bottom for attaching to skin, the first layer having an inherent modulus of elasticity. The adhesive system also includes a second adhesive along only the bottom perimeter, where the first layer includes a plurality of modifications therein that result in the first layer having an effective modulus of elasticity that is lower than the first layer's inherent modulus of elasticity.