Abstract: A hybrid EO wireline cable includes optical fibers strategically placed within to allow acoustic sensing methods as well as provide power and electrical telemetry. The hybrid EO wireline cable contains optical fibers in the interstices among symmetrically arranged electrical wire bundles to allow a hybrid EO cable to be concurrently used for electrical telemetry and optical fiber sensing without interference in a wellbore environment. This hybrid EO cable maintains electric and magnetic field symmetry which allows an optimal electrical signaling rate through orthogonal propagation modes. By placing optical fibers symmetrically inside the interstitial spaces between electrical wire bundles, the cable maintains its optimal signaling rate and avoids the mechanical and electrical limitations that would be introduced when combining electrical wires and optical fibers in a wireline cable.

Abstract: Provided is a fabric including a plurality of fibers disposed in a fabric configuration. At least one of the fibers comprises a device fiber having a device fiber body including a device fiber body material, having a longitudinal axis along a device fiber body length. A plurality of discrete devices are disposed as a linear sequence within the device fiber body along at least a portion of the device fiber body length. Each discrete device includes at least one electrical contact pad. The device fiber body includes device fiber body material regions disposed between adjacent discrete devices in the linear sequence, separating adjacent discrete devices. At least one electrical conductor is disposed within the device fiber body along at least a portion of the device fiber body length. The electrical conductor is disposed in electrical connection with an electrical contact pad of discrete devices within the device fiber body.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a flame retardant optical fiber cable. The flame retardant optical fiber cable includes a plurality of bundle binders. In addition, the flame retardant optical fiber cable includes a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer, a fifth layer, a sixth layer, a seventh layer and an eighth layer. The first layer surrounds a plurality of bundle binders. The second layer surrounds the first layer. The third layer surrounds the second layer. The fourth layer surrounds the third layer. The fifth layer surrounds the fourth layer. The sixth layer surrounds the fifth layer. The seventh layer surrounds the sixth layer. The eighth layer surrounds the seventh layer.

Abstract: A modular multi-positionable tray assembly (420) for mounting within a chassis (10) of a telecommunications panel (100) is disclosed. The multi-positionable tray assembly (420) may include support arm structure (423) having a first support arm (424) and a second support arm (480) that pivotally supports a tray (422) and that allows the tray assembly (420) to be installed and removed from the chassis (10). The tray (422) and the support arm structure (423) cooperatively define a cable routing pathway (208) that extends through a pivot axis (A1) defined by the tray and the support arm. To protect the cables (300) and to increase accessibility of cables (300) within the portion of the cable routing pathway (208) defined by the tray (422), a bend radius limiter (460) can be provided that is rotatably mounted to the tray (422). The tray (422) can also be provided with attachment features for allowing the tray (422) to accept various telecommunications components, such as splice trays and splitter trays.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided. The optical element driving mechanism includes a fixed part, a movable part, and a driving assembly. The fixed part includes a bottom. The movable part moves relative to the fixed part and holds an optical element with an optical axis. The driving assembly drives the movable part to move relative to the fixed part. The bottom includes a base and an embedded assembly. A portion of the embedded assembly is embedded in the base. The embedded assembly includes a circuit member and a strengthening frame with a plate structure. The strengthening frame includes a perforation. The optical axis passes through the perforation.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens barrel, a first lens element, a first spacing ring and a second lens. The lens barrel has an opening and an inner circumferential surface, wherein an optical axis is defined by a center of the opening. The first lens element is disposed in the lens barrel and includes a lens body and a first bearing portion, wherein the first bearing portion is connected to the lens body. The second lens is disposed in the lens barrel. The lens body includes a first material, and the first bearing portion includes a second material. The first bearing portion is adjacent to the second lens and the first spacing ring in a first direction parallel to the optical axis and is adjacent to the lens body and the inner circumferential surface of the lens barrel in a second direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: A virtual reality video device for educational video monitor that includes a video monitor to provide 3D videos and the 3D-based VR videos; a lens plate provided with left and right lenses having the same interval as the interval between human eyes on one side of the video monitor; a fixing board for coupling the lens plate to the video monitor; a horizontal support which is coupled to the fixing board and has the same length as the focal distance between the left and right lenses during use; a position adjustment device to adjust the vertical position of the lens plate by a vertical support and an inner vertical support, while allowing the lens plate and the horizontal support to move up and down; and a horizontally movable device installed to allow the lens plate, the horizontal support, and the position adjustment device to move horizontally.

Abstract: The optical system according to the present invention consists of a first lens unit with positive refractive power disposed closest to an object side, a middle group including at least two lens units, and a final lens unit with negative refractive power disposed closest to an image side in which intervals between adjacent lens units are changed during focusing. The middle group includes a first focus lens unit configured to move during focusing, and a second focus lens unit disposed on the image side of the first focus lens unit and configured to move during focusing. An aperture stop is disposed between two lenses included in the middle group. Here, a focal length of the optical system, a focal length of the final lens unit, and a focal length of a second focus lens unit are appropriately determined.

Abstract: The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a lens driving device comprising: a cover including an upper plate and a lateral plate extending from the upper plate; a bobbin arranged to move in a first direction within the cover; a coil arranged at the bobbin; a magnet which is arranged at the cover and faces the coil; and a base which is arranged below the bobbin and coupled to the cover, wherein the bobbin includes: a first surface facing the upper plate of the cover; a second surface which faces upwards and is arranged lower than the first surface; a first protrusion which is arranged at the first surface of the bobbin and overlapped with the upper plate of the cover in a first direction; and a groove concavely formed downwards on the second surface of the bobbin.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member; a pressurizing mechanism; a first holding mechanism; and a second holding mechanism, wherein the vibrator and the friction member are configured to perform relative movement with respect to each other, wherein the first holding mechanism includes a first holding portion and a second holding portion which is longer than the first holding portion in a direction of the relative movement, wherein the friction member is arranged between the first holding portion and the second holding portion, wherein the first holding portion includes a first restriction portion, wherein the second holding portion includes a second restriction portion, and wherein the first restriction portion and the second restriction portion are brought into abutment against the second holding mechanism to restrict movement in directions other than the direction of the relative movement of the vibrator and the first holding mechanism.

Abstract: A lens system forms an image on an imaging element having a quadrilateral shape disposed on an optical axis. The lens system includes a second free-curved lens being asymmetrical with respect to the optical axis. A sag amount of the second free-curved lens in a circle separated from the optical axis by a length having a predetermined ratio with respect to a minimum image height has extrema outside of a first intersection points between a first surface passing through the optical axis and parallel to longer sides of the imaging element and the circle, and a second intersection point between a second surface passing through the optical axis and parallel to shorter sides of the imaging element and the circle. Each of the extrema is greater than the sag amount at the first intersection point or the second intersection point by 0.01 mm or greater.

Abstract: An optical imaging lens includes first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth lens elements arranged in order from the object side to the image side. The object-side surface of the fourth lens element has a convex portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the fourth lens element. The fifth lens element has negative refractive power. The effective focal length of the optical imaging lens EFL and the sum of all air gaps from the first lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis AAG of the optical imaging lens satisfies the relation: 0.9?EFL/AAG?2.6.

Abstract: An optical imaging lens includes a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, a seventh lens element, and an eighth lens element from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis. The first lens element to the eighth lens element each include an object-side surface facing the object side and an image-side surface facing the image side. The periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave. The optical axis region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave. The periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave and the optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fourth lens element is convex. The optical axis region of the image-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave.

Abstract: An optical imaging lens system includes five lens elements which are, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element. The first lens element has positive refractive power. The second lens element has negative refractive power. The third lens element has positive refractive power. The fourth lens element has negative refractive power. The fifth lens element with negative refractive power can have an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof.

Abstract: A lens system is configured to form an image on an imaging element having a quadrilateral shape disposed on an optical axis, and includes a first free-curved lens being asymmetrical with respect to the optical axis. A free-curved surface of the first free-curved lens has positive refractive power at an intersection point between a circle separated from the optical axis by a length having a predetermined ratio with respect to a minimum image height and a first surface passing through the optical axis and parallel to longer sides of the imaging element, and negative refractive power at an intersection point between a circle separated from the optical axis by a length having the predetermined ratio with respect to the minimum image height and a second surface passing through the optical axis and parallel to shorter sides of the imaging element.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a head-mounted projection display, and more particularly, but not exclusively to a polarized head-mounted projection display including a light engine and a compact, high-performance projection lens for use with reflective microdisplays.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens including a plurality of lens units, in which an interval between each pair of adjacent lens units is changed for zooming. The plurality of lens units consist of, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a negative refractive power; a second lens unit having a positive refractive power; and a rear lens group including at least two lens units. The first lens unit and the second lens unit are configured to move during zooming. The first lens unit includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a negative lens G1, a negative lens G2, and a negative lens G3.

Abstract: An infrared light radiation device includes a radiation unit and a condenser. The radiation unit includes a heater and a metamaterial structure. The metamaterial structure is able to radiate, when heat energy is input from the heater, infrared light having a peak wavelength of a non-Planck distribution. The condenser includes at least one condensing lens that concentrates and transmits toward outside the infrared light radiated from the radiation unit.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for scanning a 2D or 3D image of a specimen without relative Z-axis motion between the specimen and the objective lens. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a tilted camera having individual lines of pixels. Each line of pixels can be separately processed and is at a different image plane with respect to the stage. The depth of field of each line of pixels abuts, slightly overlaps, or is slightly spaced apart from the adjacent lines of pixels in the tilted camera. The angle of the tilt determines the relationship (abut, overlapping, or spaced) of the adjacent lines of pixels. The individual image lines produced by each line of pixels can be combined into a 3D volume image of a sample. Also, the highest-contrast line at each X-Y location can be combined into an in-focus 2D image of the sample.

Abstract: A microscope for imaging an object, comprising a lens assembly, which defines an optical axis and a focal plane perpendicular thereto, and correction optics, which are adjustable for adjustment to a depth position and which correct a spherical aberration on the lens assembly which occurs during imaging of the object at a specific depth position of the focal plane. The microscope may be used to determine a phase difference of radiation from a first lateral region and a second lateral region of the object, and to use a previously known connection between the phase difference and a modification of the spherical aberration caused thereby in order to determine an adjustment value of the correction optics, such that the spherical aberration is reduced when imaging the second region.

Abstract: Integrated telescopes are described that are stable and compact, and include optics pieces that are susceptible to stray light. One example telescope includes an optics piece formed of a transparent optical material and two surfaces with each surface including a reflector surface and a baffle. The baffles may be formed in a groove in one of the surfaces of the optics piece. The baffle may have an index of refraction that is approximately the same as an index of refraction of the optics piece. The baffle may include a blackened epoxy, a carbon black material, or a powdered black spinel. The integrated telescope may include a short-wave infrared image sensor fixed in position relative to the optics piece.

Abstract: An optical probe includes: a tubular shaft having an opening extending from a proximal end to a distal end, a light guiding component arranged in the opening of the tubular shaft; and a distal optics component arranged distally to the light guiding component at the distal end of the tubular shaft. The distal optics component has a beam directing surface aligned with an optical axis of the light guiding component and at least one surface directly bonded to the distal end of the light guiding component and/or to the distal end of the tubular shaft. A light beam transmitted through the light guiding component is directed and shaped by the beam directing surface of the distal optics component. The distal optics component is directly molded over the distal end of the light guiding component and at least partially inside the tubular shaft.

Abstract: An imaging unit includes: an optical system including a plurality of lenses; a prism configured to reflect light condensed by the optical system; a semiconductor package including an image sensor configured to generate an electrical signal by receiving light incident from the prism and performing photoelectric conversion on the received light, and including a connection electrode on a back surface of the semiconductor package; and a multi-layer substrate including a connection terminal on a top surface of the multi-layer substrate, the connection electrode being connected to the connection electrode via a conductive member. A concave portion in which an electronic component is mounted is formed in a region on a back surface of the multi-layer substrate, the region corresponding to a region where the connection terminal is formed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are configurations for fiber optic endoscopes employing fixed distal optics and multicore optical fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optoelectronic sensor for detecting objects in a monitored zone that has a light transmitter; a deflection unit for deflecting the transmission light beam without mechanical moving parts or at most with micromechanical moving parts to scan the monitored zone; a light receiver; and a control and evaluation unit that is configured to determine information on the objects by means of the reception signal received by the light receiver. The sensor has at least one reference target that receives at least a portion of the deflected transmission light beam at at least one deflection angle of the deflection unit or returns it to the light receiver in order to generate a reference signal; and the control and evaluation unit is configured to check the operability of the deflection unit by means of the reference signal.

Abstract: A scanner (90) comprises a first mirror (150) having a reflective front side (151) and a rear side (152), a first elastic mounting (100) which extends on a side facing the rear side (152) of the first mirror (150), a second mirror (150) having a reflective front side (151) and a rear side (152), and a second elastic mounting (100) which extends on a side facing the rear side (152) of the second mirror (150). The scanner (90) is configured to deflect light (180) sequentially at the front side (151) of the first mirror (150) and at the front side (151) of the second mirror (150).

Abstract: A waveguide is disclosed for use in an augmented reality or virtual reality display. The waveguide includes a plurality of optical structures (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) exhibiting differences in refractive index from a surrounding waveguide medium. The optical structures are arranged in an array to provide at least two diffractive optical elements (H1, H2) overlaid on one another in the waveguide. Each of the two diffractive optical elements is configured to receive light from an input direction and couple it towards the other diffractive optical element which can then act as an output diffractive optical element, providing outcoupled orders towards a viewer. The optical structures have a shape, when viewed in the plane of the waveguide, comprising a plurality of substantially straight sides having respective normal vectors at different angles and this can effectively reduce the amount of light that is coupled out of the waveguide on first interaction with the optical structures.

Abstract: There is provided a method for determining if an object has been observed by user, said object being rendered in a graphical environment provided to a user with a head-mounted device, where the computer generated graphical environment is able to change over time, the method comprising the steps of: a) determining if the geometric proportion S of the size of the object, in relation to the total field of view generated in the graphical environment, is larger than a predetermined threshold value (Smin), and, if S is larger than Smin, determining for how long time (T) that S is greater than Smin, and if T is greater than a predetermined time Tmin, determining that the object has been observed by the user. There is also provided a method for placing objects in a graphical environment.

Abstract: A virtual reality system and method comprises a display for displaying an image to a user, a tracking device for detecting location of the user's head relative to the display and a computing device respectively operatively connected to the display and to the tracking device, the computing device having a processor and a non-transitory memory which are operatively interconnected so that the processor can execute instructions stored on the memory for: projecting a source file on an inverse spherical virtual screen sized larger than the display; using a mathematical model relating the location of the user's head, the display and the virtual screen, determining a visible portion of the projected source file viewable to the user through the display acting as a viewing window between the user and the projected source file; and displaying on the display said visible portion of the projected source file.

Abstract: A method for using a third-person VR system including: a non-transmissive head mount display, an imaging section, and a relay section, includes: attaching a non-transmissive head mount display to a head of a user such that the non-transmissive head mount display enables the user to see an image; capturing a moving image including at least the user wearing the head mount display by an imaging section; sending, by a relay section, the moving image captured by the imaging section to the head mount display; sending, by the relay section, the image captured by the imaging section by using a communication line such as Internet, to the head mount display in real time; and allowing the user to perform an activity while the user see an image of the user displayed on the head mount display.

Abstract: Exemplary light control devices and methods provide a regional variation of visual information and sampling (“V-VIS”) of an ocular field of view that improves or stabilizes vision, ameliorates a visual symptom, reduces the rate of vision loss, or reduces the progression of an ophthalmic or neurologic condition, disease, injury or disorder. The V-VIS devices and methods generate a moving aperture effect anterior to a retina that samples and delivers to the retina environmental light from an ocular field of view at a sampling rate between 50 hertz and 50 kilohertz. Certain of these V-VIS devices and methods may be combined with augmented or virtual reality, vision measurement, vision monitoring, or other therapies including, but not limited to, pharmacological, gene, retinal replacement and stem cell therapies.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a three-dimensional (3D) display device and a 3D head-up display (HUD) device using the display panel. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels, and a plurality of placement spaces provided between the plurality of pixels, wherein the plurality of pixels are uniformly provided in the display panel based on a pattern corresponding to the plurality of placement spaces, and wherein a frequency corresponding to a repetition interval of the pattern is outside of a cognitive frequency band that is visible to a user.

Abstract: An optical display system includes an information display (image-generating) component, a polarization dependent image offset optical element and possibly also a polarization rotator. By controlling the image offset optical element either by direct applying voltage or by controlling the polarization of the displayed light through the polarization rotator, the display pixels can be switched by a certain portion. By switching between offset and non-offset state with appropriate image displayed, the resolution as observed by the users can be enhanced.

Abstract: An optical system that deploys micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) scanners to contemporaneously generate CG images and to scan a terrain of a real-world environment. An illumination engine emits a first spectral bandwidth and a second spectral bandwidth into an optical assembly along a common optical path. The optical assembly then separates the spectral bandwidth by directing the first spectral bandwidth onto an image-generation optical path and the second spectral bandwidth onto a terrain-mapping optical path. The optical system deploys the MEMS scanners to generate CG images by directing the first spectral bandwidth within the image-generation optical path and also to irradiate a terrain by directing the second spectral bandwidth within the terrain-mapping optical path. Accordingly, the disclosed system provides substantial reductions in both weight and cost for systems such as, for example, augmented reality and virtual reality systems.

Abstract: A foldable virtual reality display device that includes a central board, which is provided with image displays in the user's viewing direction; first and second hinges provided at the front end and the rear end of the central board; left and right image plates folded toward left and right surfaces of the central board with respect to the first hinge; and left and right lens plates folded toward both left and right surfaces of the central board with respect to the second hinge. When used, the optical axis of the left and right image plates corresponds to the optical axis of the left and right lenses, and simultaneously corresponds to the focal distance between the left and right lenses, and when carried, the left and right image plates and the left and right lens plates are folded with respect to the both left and right surfaces of the central board.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a housing and a covering structure. The housing has a light transmission portion. The covering structure includes a plurality of coating layers sequentially stacked above the light transmission portion. The coating layers respectively have different thicknesses, different refractive indices, different reflectivities, and different transmissivities. Reflected light of the coating layers presents a virtual image with a pattern.

Abstract: A virtual reality (VR) system includes a light source configured to illuminate an area and a plurality of photosensors configured to receive reflections from the illuminated area. The system includes a trained orientation module configured to store a trained neural network model and a gaze direction identification module coupled to the light source and the plurality of photosensors. The gaze direction identification module includes a light reflection module configured to receive a light intensity value from each of the plurality of photosensors and an eye coordinate determination module configured to apply the trained neural network model to the light intensity value from each of the plurality of photosensors to determine a horizontal coordinate value and a vertical coordinate value. The system includes a display configured to adjust a displayed image based on the gaze position of the illuminated area.

Abstract: A hand-held emergency vision device includes a hand-held emergency vision device having an enclosed tubular housing with a first end and a second end. The enclosed tubular housing has an expanded shape memory form. First and second clear members are provided at the first and second ends, respectively; and the tubular housing is compressible to an unexpanded compact form. The housing is releasably held in its compact form, and is self-expandable to its expanded shape memory form when released from its compact form.

Abstract: A low-height projector assembly includes a biconvex lens, a converging lens, an aperture stop, and a beam-steerer between the biconvex lens and the converging lens. The biconvex lens has a principal plane, a focal length, and a first optical axis. The converging lens has a second optical axis laterally offset from the first. The beam-steerer is configured to steer light from the biconvex lens to the converging lens. An aperture-stop plane intersects the second optical axis and the aperture stop. On the second optical axis, at least one of a front surface and a back surface of the converging lens is between the aperture-stop plane and the beam-steerer. The axial chief ray's propagation distance from the principal plane to the aperture stop differs from the focal length by less than half the depth of focus of the biconvex lens.

Abstract: A diamond-shaped lens system includes: a half diamond-shaped lens including refractive material and having a first surface, a second surface and a third surface for refracting incident light beams from an object having a width of X, from the first surface towards the second surface; a first reflective material positioned at the second surface of the half diamond-shaped lens for reflecting the refracted light beams at a first angle toward the third surface; a second reflective material positioned at the third surface of the half diamond-shaped lens for reflecting the light beams reflected from the first reflective material toward the first surface to exit the first surface at a second angle toward the third surface to form an image of the object with a width Y; and; an apparatus for processing the image of the object to reduce chromatic aberrations.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly includes a plastic barrel and an imaging lens set. The plastic barrel includes an object-side aperture and a first annular surface. The imaging lens set includes a plurality of optical elements, wherein at least one of the optical elements is a plastic lens element, and the plastic lens element includes an effective optical portion, a peripheral portion, a second annular surface, and an object-side connecting surface. The peripheral portion is formed around the effective optical portion. The second annular surface is formed on an object-side surface of the plastic lens element and surrounds the effective optical portion. The object-side connecting surface is formed on the object-side surface of the plastic lens element and surrounds the effective optical portion, and the object-side connecting surface is connected with one of the optical elements disposed on an object side of the plastic lens element.

Abstract: An optical fiber device may include a core including a primary section and a secondary section. The secondary section may include at least one insert element inserted within the primary section at an off-center location with respect to a center of the primary section. The secondary section may twist about an axis of the optical fiber device along a length of the optical fiber device. A rate of twist at which the secondary section twists about the axis may increase from a first end of the optical fiber device toward a second end of the optical fiber device. The secondary section being twisted about the axis may cause an optical beam, launched at the first end of the optical fiber device, to be at least partially converted to a rotary optical beam at the second end of the optical fiber device.

Abstract: To provide a diffractive optical element having a high light utilization efficiency, whereby light spots having a predetermined pattern can be stably formed, a projection device and a measuring device.

Abstract: A method of depositing a variable thickness material includes providing a substrate and providing a shadow mask having a first region with a first aperture dimension to aperture periodicity ratio and a second region with a second aperture dimension to aperture periodicity ratio less than the first aperture dimension to aperture periodicity ratio. The method also includes positioning the shadow mask adjacent the substrate and performing a plasma deposition process on the substrate to deposit the variable thickness material. A layer thickness adjacent the first region is greater than a layer thickness adjacent the second region.

Abstract: An eyeglass retainer system for use with eyeglasses worn by a user and having a frame front includes a pair of eyeglass temples. Each temple has a first end for securing the temple to frame front and defines a first channel passing therethrough that terminates in a first stopping mechanism. Extendable coupling units are slidably disposed in the first channels and terminate in a first stopper that is configured to engage the first stopping mechanism so as to prevent it from exiting the first channel completely. Two magnetic connectors are each affixed to a different one of the extendable coupling units and have opposite polarities so as to attract each other when placed against to each other. The coupling units are slid out of the first channel so that the two magnetic connectors can be coupled to each other behind the user's head so as to retain the eyeglasses.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and computer programs for determining a near-vision point of a person are disclosed. The person under examination looks at a movable near-vision target, and an image of the person is captured with a camera device incorporated into the near-vision target. The orientation and/or position of the near-vision target is determined. The near-vision point is then determined from the orientation and/or position of the near-vision target.

Abstract: A lens with elliptic asymmetric optical zone to increase defocus image area is disclosed. The lens includes a central optical area to pass light to image on central imaging area of retina; a peripheral optical area formed around the central optical area and configured to pass light to image on a peripheral image blurring area on peripheral of the central imaging area; an elliptic asymmetric optical zone formed on the surface of the central optical area and configured to pass light to clearly image on the central imaging area; and a defocus area formed on a portion of the central optical area other than the asymmetric optical zone. The defocus area can be used to increase defocus image area of the central imaging area, to extend a range of the optical area having defocus effect on the retina without the need to excessively increasing the defocus power of the lens.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a contact lens.

Abstract: The invention is related to a colorant composition for the colored silicone hydrogel contact lens. The colorant composition improves the adhesion of the colorant to the surface of the silicon hydrogel contact lens and enhances the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. The present colorant composition comprises a polydimethylsiloxane, at least one hydrophilic monomer and a polydopamine-modified colorant.

Abstract: A contact lens including a lens body including a first substrate and a second substrate on top of each other with a space between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first fluid in the space between the first substrate and the second substrate, a reservoir for containing a second fluid, wherein opacity of the second fluid is different from opacity of the first fluid, and an electrowetting control structure configured controllably move the first and second fluids within the contact lens to control an aperture in the contact lens.