Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus and method includes, when a self-driving vehicle is in a self-driving status, obtaining driving status information of the self-driving vehicle and first driving environment information of the self-driving vehicle; calculating a coarse-grained control instruction of the self-driving vehicle based on the driving status information, the first driving environment information, and a control instruction decision model; determining, based on second driving environment information, whether the coarse-grained control instruction is to be executed; and when the coarse-grained control instruction is to be executed, determining, based on lane information and the driving status information of the self-driving vehicle, a fine-grained control instruction corresponding to the coarse-grained control instruction.

Abstract: An electronic control device acquires at least one of subject vehicle information, surrounding environment information, and road information, detects an abnormality that has occurred in a vehicle during an autonomous driving based on a first travel plan, identifying a cause of the abnormality based on at least one of a content of the abnormality, the subject vehicle information, the surrounding environment information, and the road information, determines a situation around the vehicle based on at least one of the subject vehicle information, the surrounding environment information, and the road information, determines a target stop position for stopping the vehicle in a stoppable location based on the cause of the abnormality and the situation around the vehicle, and changes the first travel plan to a second travel plan for stopping the vehicle to the target stop position.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electronic device for a vehicle including: at least one interface unit; and at least one processor for receiving, through the interface unit, a sensing signal generated by force applied to a steering wheel in a direction different from a rotation direction of the steering wheel, and providing a control signal to switch a travel mode between a manual mode and an autonomous mode based on the sensing signal. At least one of an autonomous vehicle, a user terminal or a server of the present disclosure may be linked to an artificial intelligence module, a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, and devices associated with 5G services, etc.

Abstract: The present technique relates to a vehicle controller and a vehicle control method capable of changing from autonomous driving to manual driving more safely. The vehicle controller includes a running control section exercising control over deviating running from normal running of a vehicle at a time of switching a driving mode from an autonomous driving mode to a manual driving mode; and a driving state detection section detecting a reactivity and a degree of awakening of a driver on the basis of a running operation performed by the driver on the control over the deviating running. A detected reactivity and a detected awake state of the driver are used at a time of switching the driving mode from the autonomous driving mode to the manual driving mode by the driver. The present technique is applicable to, for example, a vehicle controller that controls autonomous driving.

Abstract: A system, in a vehicle consist configured for dual fuel operation and comprising at least one fuel car operably connectable to at least one powered vehicle via a fuel distribution path, includes an energy management processing unit. The energy management processing unit is configured to obtain a first cost of a first fuel, obtain a second cost of a second fuel, and determine a proportional ratio of the first fuel and the second fuel for each of plural power settings available for use during performance of a mission along a route. The energy management processing unit is also configured to determine a trip plan specifying power settings for corresponding plural sections of the route to perform the mission using the first cost, the second cost, and the proportional ratio for the power settings to optimize a total combined cost of fuel used during performance of the mission.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present disclosure, a side bearing is provided for supporting a body of a rail car. The side bearing includes a base for being mounted to a truck of the rail car, a support configured to contact the body of the rail car and move along a vertical axis relative to the base with movement of the body, and at least one resilient foam member configured to deform with movement of the support. The side bearing further includes at least one friction damping member configured to be urged in a direction transverse to the vertical axis against the base by the support and resist movement of the support relative to the base.

Abstract: A locomotive communication system includes a first communication device located onboard a first locomotive in a rail vehicle system formed from the first locomotive and at least a second vehicle in the rail vehicle system and a second communication device located onboard the second vehicle in the rail vehicle system, the first and second communication devices communicatively coupled with each other via a wired connection extending between the first and second communication devices. The first and second communication devices are configured to share a security credential via the wired connection. The first and second communication devices also are configured to establish a secure wireless network between the first and second communication devices using the security credential that is shared via the wired connection.

Abstract: A wheelbarrow debris bag assembly for collecting and subsequently disposing of debris includes a wheelbarrow that has a bucket. A bag is positionable in the bucket of the wheelbarrow and debris is positioned in the bag when the bag is positioned in the bucket. Additionally, the bag has dimensions corresponding to dimensions of the bucket thereby facilitating the bag to conform to the bucket. A drawstring is slidably coupled to the bag for selectively closing the bag.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a mobile body acquires product information given to a product to be purchased and transports the product to be purchased. The mobile body includes a cart body, an acquisition device, and a holder. The cart body is moved to transport the product. The acquisition device acquires the product information. The holder detachably holds the acquisition device.

Abstract: A rear gate for a shopping cart where a child seat is attached to the rear gate such that the child seat does not move relative to the rear gate. The child seat is fixed to the rear gate, but the rear gate is pivotally attached to the frame of the shopping cart to allow the shopping carts to be nested together.

Abstract: A stroller, comprises two side supports (100) respectively disposed on the left and right sides, and the side support (100) on each side comprises a front support (1), a rear support (2), a push rod (3), an upper support rod (4), an upper connecting rod (5), a rear connecting rod (6), a lower connecting rod (7), and a sliding member (8) disposed on the rear support (2) and capable of sliding up and down along the length extension direction of the rear support (2), wherein the rear connecting rod (6) is pivotally connected to the upper support rod (4), one end portion of the rear connecting rod (6) is pivotally connected with the sliding member (8), the other end portion of the rear connecting rod (6) is pivotally connected with a lower portion of the upper connecting rod (5), an upper portion of the upper connecting rod (5) is pivotally connected to the push rod (3), one end portion of the lower connecting rod (7) is pivotally connected to the front support (1), and the other end portion of the lower connecti

Abstract: A front fork assembly of a snow bike is disclosed having left and right legs, each having an upper leg portion and a lower leg portion. The left leg upper and lower leg portions are linearly movable relative to each other. A right leg has an upper leg portion and a lower leg portion, the right leg upper and lower leg portions are linearly movable relative to each other. A ski mount has a lower end for coupling to a ski and an upper end for coupling to the left and right leg. A linear force element is coupled to the left and right legs with a first end adjacent the first ends of the forks and seconds ends coupled to the ski, the linear force element has a different linear force characteristic than the left and right legs.

Abstract: A steering assembly includes a pinion shaft. The steering assembly also includes a yoke defining a space for axially receiving the pinion shaft and defining an access path for receiving a fastener that couples the pinion shaft to the yoke. The steering assembly further includes an error-proofing device fixed to the yoke and having a deflectable portion blocking the access path in an initial position and deflectable upon contact with the pinion shaft to be clear of the access path in a final assembly position to ensure that the pinion shaft is assembled to the yoke at a predetermined axial position.

Abstract: A steering assembly including an inner steering member; an outer steering member; a leaf spring disposed between the inner steering member and the outer steering member and adapted to bias the inner steering member, wherein the leaf spring comprises an inner portion and a plurality of outer portions, wherein the outer portions comprise end portions of the leaf spring that are folded over such that the outer portions overlie the inner portion, forming a folded edge; and a low friction layer supported by the leaf spring.

Abstract: A motor control method for controlling a motor of an electric power assisted steering system includes: generating a low pass torque signal and a high pass torque signal, respectively; generating a low frequency assist torque signal using the low pass torque signal and the vehicle speed; generating a high frequency assist torque signal using a high pass torque signal and the vehicle speed; generating a torque command signal using a sum of the low frequency assist torque signal and the high frequency assist torque signal; and generating a voltage output signal for driving the motor using the torque command signal.

Abstract: Switching elements are mounted on a substrate and switch energization of motor windings. A lead wire set connects phase coils of the motor windings to the substrate. The switching elements, the lead wire set, a power terminal which is a power supply terminal and a ground terminal, and a control circuit unit are provided for each system. The switching elements, the lead wire set and the power terminal are collectively arranged in a power region for each system, and the lead wire sets are arranged in rotational symmetry.

Abstract: A first microcomputer is configured to identify the cause (a content of the abnormality) of a communication abnormality based on a combination of whether communication through a first communication line is established, whether communication through a second communication line is established, and whether a second clock is normal. Specifically, the first microcomputer separately determines whether the communication abnormality between the first microcomputer and a second microcomputer is simply due to an abnormality in the first communication line and the second communication line, or due to stop of a function of the second microcomputer. The second microcomputer is configured to identify the cause of the communication abnormality based on a combination of whether the communication through the first communication line is established, whether the communication through the second communication line is established, and whether a first clock is normal.

Abstract: A damping control method of steering system may include determining, by a controller, a basic damping value based on a vehicle velocity, a steering angular velocity, and an output value of a steering motor when it is determined that steering for restoring a steering wheel to a steering angle neutral position is to be performed; determining, by the controller, whether a driver is in a hand-off state in which the driver takes its hands off the steering wheel according to signals reflecting a steering state and a behavior of a vehicle; compensating, by the controller, for the basic damping value so that the basic damping value is increased and determining a final damping value when it is determined that the driver is in the hand-off state; and controlling, by the controller, the steering motor with the final damping value obtained by the compensation, and restoring and steering the steering wheel.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of a drivers hands on the steering wheel of a motor vehicle is described. By means of a mathematical model, at least one part of a steering system of the motor vehicle is modeled. In addition, a rotational angle of a lower end and/or an upper end of a torsion bar of the steering system is determined. A torque acting on the torsion bar is determined by means of a measuring device and a total torque acting on the steering wheel and a rotational angle acceleration of the steering wheel are estimated by means of a Kalman Filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an axle support, also referred to as a subframe, for a motor vehicle, having at least two longitudinal members, at least one cross member joining together the longitudinal members, at least two attachment points for attaching a steering gear housing to the axle support and a device for positioning the steering gear housing on the axle support prior to mounting of the steering gear housing on the axle support. In order for such an axle support to offer a cost-effective and rapid positioning of a steering gear housing, the device for positioning the steering gear housing according to the invention has at least two mounts, one mount of which being attached to one of the longitudinal members and/or the cross member and another mount of the mounts being attached to another of the longitudinal members and/or the cross member, wherein the respective mount has at least two indentations for receiving positioning protrusions provided on the steering gear housing.

Abstract: A vehicle behavior stabilization system includes a yaw moment applying device configured to apply a yaw moment to the vehicle, a vehicle behavior stabilization control unit configured to selectively control the yaw moment applying device in such a way to stabilize a vehicle behavior according to a computed rear wheel slip angle in relation to a start threshold value and an end threshold value, and a threshold value correcting unit configured to correct the start threshold value and the end threshold value according to a change rate of the computed rear wheel slip angle and/or a change rate of a computed vehicle body slip angle.

Abstract: A flexing tie rod assembly has a steel cable having a diameter and a length, metal cable ends joined rigidly to opposite ends of the steel cable, the cable ends adapted to join to adaptive tie rod ends, a steel coil spring surrounding the cable for full length of the cable between the metal cable ends, and a polymer casement enclosing the cable and coil spring from metal cable end to opposite metal cable end. The strength characteristics of the cable, the coil spring and the polymer casement result in a compressive force rating below which the tie rod assembly stays straight under linear compression, and above which the tie rod assembly buckles to some degree without relative rotation of the cable ends.

Abstract: The parking assistance apparatus of an embodiment includes: a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to acquire a movement route to a target position when a steering angle of a vehicle is a given steering angle. The memory stores, with respect to individual steering angles other than the given steering angle, information representing a route where the vehicle is movable to a position included in the movement route by performing steering angle control beginning at the corresponding steering angle. The hardware processor acquires a steering angle of the vehicle, and calculates, based on the acquired steering angle, a corrected movement route to the target position by correcting the movement route with a route where the vehicle is movable to a position included in the movement route at the acquired steering angle in accordance with information representing the route stored in the memory.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic sensor device (3) for a motor vehicle (1), with which an ultrasonic signal is emitted into a ground area (5) below the motor vehicle (1) and an ultrasonic signal from the ground area (5) is received and an object (6) in the ground area (5) is detected by means of a control unit (10) on the basis of the emitted and/or the received ultrasonic signals, wherein the ultrasonic signal is emitted by a first ultrasonic sensor (4a) of the ultrasonic sensor device (3) and the ultrasonic signal emitted by the first ultrasonic sensor (4a) and reflected at a road surface (9) in the ground area (5) is received by a second ultrasonic sensor (4b) of the ultrasonic sensor device (3) and the object (6) is detected by the control unit (10) on the basis of a proportion of the ultrasonic signal that is received by the second ultrasonic sensor (4b).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ascertaining a rotational angle (E) of a shaft (2). In order to increase the accuracy of the ascertainment within a greater predefined angle range in relation to the prior art, the following steps are provided: detecting respective rotational angles (W1, W2, W3) of three toothed gears (Z1, Z2, Z3) of a toothed gear arrangement, wherein the three toothed gears (Z1, Z2, Z3), with different numbers of teeth (z1, z2, z3), are meshed directly with a gear ring (10) of the shaft (2), and ascertaining the rotational angle (E) of the shaft (2) on the basis of the respective rotational angles (W1, W2, W3) of the three toothed gears (Z1, Z2, Z3) in accordance with a predetermined extraction rule, wherein the rotational angle (E) of the shaft (2) is distinctly defined within a predefined angle range by the entirety of the respective rotational angles (W1, W2, W3).

Abstract: A suspension system for a vehicle is disclosed. In some embodiments, the suspension system includes a wheel arch. In some embodiments, a wheel arch includes a gear track. In some embodiments, a wheel axle is coupled to a first and a second end of the wheel arch. In some embodiments, a steradian shaped wheel is mounted on the wheel axle. In some embodiments, a motor frame is coupled to a chassis of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the motor frame includes a lean motor configured to engage with the gear track. In some embodiments, actuation of the lean motor causes the wheel arch to rotate along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle to create a change in a camber angle of the wheel.

Abstract: A wheel house lower member of a vehicle body has an upper surface portion and an outer side surface portion. The upper surface portion has an inner curved surface. The wheel house lower member defines a lower bending section on which an inner side ridge is formed between the upper surface portion and the outer side surface portion. The wheel house lower member has: a depression formed on the inner side ridge to induce deformation of the lower bent portion upon receipt of a frontal collision load; and an elongated hole formed through the outer side surface portion and extending substantially in parallel with the depression.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes a forecabin crossbeam and two front longitudinal beams disposed at intervals along a left-right direction. The forecabin crossbeam and the two front longitudinal beams are integrally formed and are at least partially located at the bottom of the front longitudinal beam.

Abstract: A body structure for a vehicle has at least one side door sill that is made up of a door sill outer part on the outer side of the vehicle and a door sill inner part on the inner side of the vehicle, in the vehicle transverse direction, which delimit a door sill cavity that extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction between a front closing profile that closes off the door sill cavity in the direction of the front wheel housing, and a rear closing profile that closes off the door sill cavity in the direction of the rear wheel housing, wherein a reinforcement element, designed as an insert part, which extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction and acts as a side collision reinforcement is situated in the door sill cavity, and wherein in the event of a head-on collision the reinforcement element is acted on by a collision force directed toward the rear of the vehicle, in particular with load on at least one connecting point at which the reinforcement element is connected to the door sill.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sill of a vehicle body (3). The sill is characterized in that the sill (10) comprises at least a first sill profile (11) and a second sill profile (12), in that the sill profiles (11, 12) extend in the longitudinal direction of the sill (10) and each comprise a connecting surface (111, 121) which faces the further sill profile (11, 12), in that the connecting surfaces (111, 121) at least partially run vertically, in that the at least two sill profiles (11, 12) over at least one area of the connecting surfaces (111, 121) of the sill profiles (11, 12) are adhesively connected to one another, and in that at least on one of the sill profiles (11, 12), adjacent to the connecting surface (111, 121), at least one snap-in protrusion (14) is formed onto it which interlocks with at least one snap-in receiving section (15) of another one of the sill profiles (11, 12).

Abstract: An anti-flutter structure, or reinforcement panel, for a roof panel supported on transversely extending roof bows. The reinforcement panel is attached to at least one of the roof bows with the flanges being disposed above the roof bow. The flanges extend longitudinally, and are resiliently compressed by the roof panel. The reinforcement panel has a body and flanges laterally flanking the body. The body is attached to one of the roof bows with the flanges being disposed above the roof bow. The anti-flutter material is disposed between the flanges and the roof panel.

Abstract: A mud flap system is provided comprising a mounting device having a top and bottom including a walled recess extending into an inner volume of the mount and exiting out the bottom. The assembly also includes an elongated suspension bracket having a proximal end to the recess, a distal end defining a length and a thru slot running along the length, a stem extending from a bottom of the bracket at the proximal end, enabled to be inserted into the recess and out of the mounting device. A mud-flap is provided having a top having a thickness and a bottom of the mud flap is inserted through the slot and the thickness at the top suspends the mud flap until force applied to the mud flap causes the thickness at the top to deform and pass through the slot thereby releasing the mud flap from the suspension bracket.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sill of a vehicle body (1), comprising a lower sill part (5) and an upper sill part (6) placed on and attached to the lower sill part (5). The sill is characterized in that the upper sill part (6) is part of a vehicle superstructure (3), in that in one side of a first sill part (5, 6), which faces the further sill part (6, 5), a recess (7) and, on one side of the further sill part (6, 5), which faces the first sill part (5, 6), a protrusion (61) is provided, wherein the shape of the recess (7) corresponds to the shape of the protrusion (61) and the protrusion (61) interlocks form-fittingly in the recess (7). In addition, the invention relates to a vehicle body (1) with two sills (4) and a method of manufacturing such a vehicle body.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a suspension system for a vehicle cab, the suspension system comprising: a structural assembly; a cab mounted to the structural assembly; and plural suspension units arranged between the cab and the structural assembly, the plural suspension units comprising, fore and aft, a first pair of suspension units and a second pair of suspension units, wherein a lateral distance between the second pair of suspension units is greater than a lateral distance between the first pair of suspension units.

Abstract: A trailer configured to lower an overall center of gravity thereof. The trailer comprises a tank, a wheel assembly, a height and a length. The tank comprises a cavity contained within a lower body, a tilted body, a front end and a rear end. The lower body comprises a lower body height, a lower body length, a lower body ground clearance and a lower center of gravity. The tilted body comprises a tilted body ground clearance, a tilted body length, the height and a tilted portion center of gravity. The tank comprises the length, a height equal to the height of the tilted body, and a ground clearance equal to the lower body ground clearance.

Abstract: A carriage assembly includes a primary frame, a first idler wheel mounted to the primary frame, and a secondary frame pivotably mounted to the primary frame. The carriage assembly further includes an idler wheel assembly coupled to the secondary frame and movable with respect to the secondary frame along a longitudinal axis of the idler wheel assembly. The idler wheel assembly includes at least one second idler wheel and at least one third idler wheel mounted to the idler wheel assembly such that the second idler wheel is located between the first idler wheel and the third idler wheel. The first idler wheel is configured to pivot with the primary frame relative to the secondary frame, and the second idler wheel and the third idler wheel are configured to move with the idler wheel assembly relative to the secondary frame along the longitudinal axis of the idler wheel assembly.

Abstract: A sprocket and an idler sharing a common wheel member are manufactured by a method that includes providing a common wheel member, providing an idler flange annular attachment, and providing a tooth annular attachment.

Abstract: Provided is a rubber crawler 10 in which a rubber lug 11 is formed on an outer circumferential side of an endless rubber elastic body, cores 12 are disposed in the rubber elastic body at a constant pitch in a crawler circumferential direction, and sprocket engaging holes 13 to be engaged with sprockets S are formed between cores 12 adjacent to each other in the crawler circumferential direction. The sprocket engaging holes 13 are provided with a rubber film 14, which has a shape protruding toward a crawler inner circumferential side.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for monitoring tension of a track. The track tension monitoring method of determining whether tension of tracks constituting an undercarriage module, which is an undercarriage of caterpillar track equipment, is abnormal includes, when tracks are in a dynamic state, entering an abnormality determination mode for determining whether the tracks are in excessive tension or low tension, and determining, in the abnormality determination mode, whether track tension is abnormal by measuring the track tension when the tracks make a turn, when the tracks are impacted, or when the caterpillar track equipment operates.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle guidance system enables a partially assembled battery-electric vehicle (BEV) to be guided through an assembly process with the temporary addition of a sensor skid. The partially assembled BEV includes a vehicle body, a vehicle controller coupled to the vehicle body, a battery electrically coupled to the vehicle controller, a sensor skid configured to be coupled under the vehicle body of the BEV. The sensor skid is configured to guide the BEV through an assembly process. The sensor skid includes a skid body configured to be coupled under the vehicle body of the BEV and a plurality of sensors coupled to the skid body. The sensor skid includes a skid controller in communication with the sensors and the vehicle controller. The skid controller is coupled to the sensor skid.

Abstract: A seat post assembly includes a seat post that is electrically adjustable in height. The adjustability may be based on one or more pressures sensed by one or more sensors within the seat post assembly, respectively. The disclosed seat post assembly includes an electronics module. The electronics module may be carried under the seat or saddle and may include a pressure sensor or pressure sensor circuitry.

Abstract: A saddle-riding type vehicle includes a driver's seat on which an occupant taking a driving posture sits, a fuel tank disposed in front of the driver's seat and extending in a front-rear direction and a canister formed into a long-length shape that defines a longitudinal direction of the canister, fuel vapors generated in the fuel tank being brought into the canister and adsorbed and held by an adsorbent provided in the canister. The canister is disposed under the fuel tank with the longitudinal direction aligned with the front-rear direction and is entirely covered by the fuel tank in vehicle side view.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle includes a driver seat on which a driver rides, a cylinder head of an engine arranged in a region in front of and below the driver seat, an exhaust pipe that is connected to an exhaust port formed on a front surface of the cylinder head and exhausts exhaust of the engine, and a control unit that is arranged in an engine front space formed in front of the cylinder head, above the exhaust pipe, and below an upper end surface of the engine and controls the straddle-type vehicle.

Abstract: A shock-absorbing front fork assembly of a motorcycle includes a front fork, a pressure buffering cylinder and a control valve disposed between the front fork and the pressure buffering cylinder and electrically connected with a brake system to control the communication between the front fork and the pressure buffering cylinder according to the operation of the brake system. When the brake system is not actuated, the control valve is open to make the front fork communicate with the pressure buffering cylinder, thereby making the spring supporting force relatively smaller. When the brake system is actuated, the control valve is close to make the front fork not communicate with the pressure buffering cylinder, thereby making the spring supporting force relatively larger. Therefore, the spring supporting force is adjusted by the brake operation, that raises the riding comfort and safety.

Abstract: A bicycle sprocket arrangement comprises a largest sprocket, a smallest sprocket, and a plurality of intermediate sprockets. A first quotient is obtained if a total tooth-space number of the large sprocket is divided by a half of the tooth-space number difference. The first quotient is an even number with respect to all sprockets of the plurality of intermediate sprockets. A second quotient is obtained if the total tooth-space number of the small sprocket is divided by a half of the tooth-space number difference. The second quotient is an even number with respect to all sprockets of the plurality of intermediate sprockets excluding a largest intermediate sprocket of the plurality of intermediate sprockets.

Abstract: A bicycle cassette comprises two segments that are attached together thereby forming a composite cassette that can be attached to a rear bicycle hub driver body. The bicycle cassette allows for the use of a smaller sprocket on one segment of the cassette because the smaller sprockets can overhang the hub driver body. Specifically, the cassette allows a small 9 or 10 tooth sprocket to overhang the cassette driver body on the bicycle hub by attaching a small sprocket assembly to a larger sprocket assembly using a locking, bayonet style attachment.

Abstract: A bicycle front shifting system includes operable to transmit a wireless signal, a crank assembly with two crank arms and a pedal on each of the two crank arms. The crank assembly is rotatable about a rotation axis. A front shift unit is coupled to the crank assembly and is rotatable about the rotation axis. The front shift unit includes a chain ring component with a big chain ring and a small chain ring. The small chain ring has a small diameter and the big chain ring has a big diameter that is larger than the small diameter. A shift mechanism is coupled to and rotatable with the chain ring component about the rotation axis. The shift mechanism is configured to receive the wireless signal from the shifter and to shift a chain between the big chain ring and the small chain ring according to the wireless signal.

Abstract: A bicycle gear shift operating apparatus is provided which can easily stop a gear shift operating lever at a gear shift position without replacing all constituent parts of a component. A gear shift operating apparatus 100 is an apparatus that is coupled to a rear derailleur 70 of a bicycle via a shift cable 60. The gear shift operating apparatus 100 includes a gear shift operating lever unit 40, an operating shaft 1 that rotates by operation of the gear shift operating lever unit 40 and pulls and releases the shift cable 60, and a replaceable gear shift position notification unit 10. Rotation stop positions corresponding respectively to gear shift positions of the rear derailleur 70 that are switched in accordance with the rotation of the operating shaft 1 are set in the gear shift position notification unit 10.

Abstract: The present invention introduces an electrically driven snowmobile, i.e. an electric sled. The electric motor is applied along the primary driving axis so that its rotational force is applied directly or indirectly to the primary driving axis. The electric motor may locate either inside or outside the frame structure of the snowmobile, and either on the left-hand side or the right-hand side of the primary driving axis. One option of manufacturing the electrically driven snowmobile is to convert a traditional combustion engine driven snowmobile into an electrical one by removing some parts and adding the electric motor within the snowmobile. Another option of manufacturing the electrically driven snowmobile is to build a transmission chain from scratch, and by adding an electric motor along the primary driving axis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface vessel with motorised mechanical propulsion including a fusiform hull and a keel in the bottom part of the hull, the hull having an elongate shape in a longitudinal direction of the vessel, the keel including, at the bottom end of same, a bulb linked to the hull by a linking part of the keel, the maximum width of the linking part being smaller than the maximum width of the bulb, the maximum length of the linking part being smaller than the maximum length of the bulb, the lengths and widths being considered respectively in the longitudinal direction of the vessel and a horizontal transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The hull has a total width to total length ratio of less than 0.2 and a maximum length of less than 20 metres.