Abstract: A radar assembly for receiving signals at spaced frequencies from an unknown transmitting source comprising a receiver operative to receive signals; the receiver comprising a series of channels, each channel comprising a low pass filter configured to allow passage of a signal from an unknown transmitting source, an analog to digital converter configured to transform the signal from the unknown transmitting source to a digital signal, a Hilbert transform configured to transform the digital signal from the unknown transmitting source into a single sideband signal, a Fourier transform configured to transform the single sideband signal into a plurality of regularly spaced frequency samples, and an inverse Fourier transform for extracting regularly spaced frequency samples; whereby extracted pulses form a train of pulses that are inputted into an imager which utilizes synthetic aperture radar to form an image of the area of interest containing the unknown transmitting device and method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an advanced spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system and method that can provide high resolution measurements of the Earth or planetary surface, overcoming limitations in conventional SAR systems, and reduce development costs. The present invention utilizes advanced and innovative techniques, such as software defined waveforms, digital beamforming (DBF) and reconfigurable hardware, to provide radar capabilities not possible with conventional radar instruments, while reducing the radar development cost. The SAR system architecture employs a modular, low power, lightweight design approach to meet stringent spaceborne radar instrument requirements.

Abstract: An apparatus for warning a vehicle driver about an object, including: a) a sensor device having a detection area (DA) extending from a front DA, in front of a vehicle, including the front DA, to a rear end of a side DA, laterally from one vehicle side and whose length corresponds to no more than the vehicle length, the sensor device detecting an object, b) a control device to evaluate the sensor signals for objects and defines a warning area (WA) that is dynamically alterable (DyA) based on the vehicle speed, the WA being alterable within the side DA between a non-zero minimum/maximum WA, c) a warning device generating a warning signal for a detected object, d) the sensor device being such that the DA continues from the side DA into a rear DA behind the vehicle rear, including the rear DA, e) the control device expanding the DyA WA.

Abstract: An ultrasound imaging system (100) includes at least first and second arrays (108) of transducer elements, which are angularly offset from each other in a same plane. Transmit circuitry (112) excites the first and second arrays to concurrently transmit over a plurality of angles. Receive circuitry (114) controls the first and second arrays to concurrently receive echo signals over the plurality of angles. An echo processor (116) processes the received signals, producing a first data stream for the first array and a second data stream for the second array. The first and second data streams include digitized representations of the received echo signals. A sample matcher (118) compares samples of the first and second data streams and determines a cross-correlation there between. A correlation factor generator (120) that generates a correlation factor signal based on the determined cross-correlation.

Abstract: An object detection apparatus measures a distance to a detected object at each irradiation angle, based on reflected waves of electromagnetic waves irradiated from a laser light irradiating unit at each irradiation angle. The apparatus determines whether the measured distance remains unchanged for prescribed period of time, for each irradiation angle, and stores the determined distance in a storage unit as a stationary object distance in association with the irradiation angle. The apparatus compares the current measured distance and the stored distances, and determines whether a stationary object distance matching the current distance is present among the stored distances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating a radar return signal include: generating an outgoing radar beam; generating a pair of entangled photons comprising a signal photon and an idler photon; combining the signal photon with the outgoing radar beam to generate a combined beam; sending the combined beam towards a target; receiving a return beam; detecting the signal photon from the return beam by a quantum illumination receiver; and making a joint detection with the idler photon.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a mobile machine including a laser diode based lighting system having an integrated package holding at least a gallium and nitrogen containing laser diode and a wavelength conversion member. The gallium and nitrogen containing laser diode is configured to emit a first laser beam with a first peak wavelength. The wavelength conversion member is configured to receive at least partially the first laser beam with the first peak wavelength to excite an emission with a second peak wavelength that is longer than the first peak wavelength and to generate the white light mixed with the second peak wavelength and the first peak wavelength. The mobile machine further includes a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system configured to generate a second laser beam and manipulate the second laser beam to sense a spatial map of target objects in a remote distance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus comprising a group of passive sensor systems, an active sensor system, and a processor unit. The group of passive sensor systems is configured to generate first sensor information from light in an environment around the group of passive sensor systems. The active sensor system is configured to send signals, receive responses from the signals, and generate second sensor information from the responses. The processor unit is configured to control the active sensor system to send the signals in a direction toward an object using the first sensor information and generate information about the object using the second sensor information.

Abstract: In one general aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can be configured to store instructions that when executed cause a processor to perform a process. The process can include transmitting a plurality of laser beams at a feature on an object, and calculating a candidate shape parameter representing the feature based on a plurality of laser beams reflected from the feature. The process can include determining that the candidate shape parameter matches a measured shape parameter stored in a shape parameter database and representing a measured feature of the object, and identifying an absolute location corresponding with the measured feature of the object.

Abstract: The present application discloses a data acquisition method and apparatus for a driverless vehicle. The driverless vehicle is provided with a LIDAR sensor and a camera sensor, and the method of an embodiment comprises: acquiring a collection period of the LIDAR sensor as a first period; acquiring a start time of a current time window; executing following data processing steps: executing real-time acquiring and storing operations on data packets collected by the LIDAR sensor and the camera sensor after the start time of the current time window; and determining whether a following condition is met: the first period has elapsed from the start time of the current time window to a current time; setting the start time of the current time window to the current time in response to determining that the condition is met, and continuing executing the data processing steps.

Abstract: Positioning systems and methods for estimating an altitude of a receiver. In some embodiments, pressure and temperature information from a network of sensors is received by the receiver, and the pressure and temperature information from the network of sensors is used along with pressure information measured at a position of the receiver to estimate the altitude of the receiver.

Abstract: A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a control method of the GPS receiver, and a GPS system are provided, which are capable of reducing an initial position check time using an SBAS signal transmitted from a SBAS satellite. The control method of a GPS receiver includes receiving an SBAS signal from a SBAS satellite and calculating a satellite clock and a satellite position of the GPS receiver using the received SBAS signal. The SBAS signal may contain a difference value between the ephemeris data and the almanac data of the GPS satellite. The difference value between the ephemeris data and the almanac data may include a satellite clock difference value and a satellite position difference value for the GPS satellite. Accordingly, it is possible to acquire the current position and time information more quickly and accurately, by shortening the initial position check time using the difference value between the ephemeris data and the almanac data included in the SBAS signal.

Abstract: A positioning system is provided in which a client device samples a transmission from any suitable terrestrial wireless source. The resulting samples are correlated with replica samples to determine a position of the client device using time-difference-of-arrival-based calculations.

Abstract: A method for determining protection levels that comprises a preliminary phase carried out at least one time and a main phase carried out upon determining each new navigation solution. The preliminary phase comprises the steps of acquiring a first error value, providing a set of numbers of monitored faults, determining a plurality of computation coefficients, and storing the set of determined computation coefficients. The main phase includes the steps of determining a current number of monitored faults, and determining a protection level of the corresponding navigation solution by using an integrity relationship and the computation coefficients determined during the preliminary phase.

Abstract: A method for detecting a multipath effect in a GNSS receiver which is designed to receive different signals from a GNSS satellite and includes a parameter which is determined from directly received signals and has a substantially constant target value, including the steps receiving at least two mutually independent signals; determining a current parameter value from at least the first and the second signal; evaluating the parameter value in relation to the target value, and detecting a multipath effect when the parameter value has a deviation (?K) which deviates from the already known target value.

Abstract: A method for joint data-pilot tracking of navigation signal, including: multiplying a digital intermediate frequency signal with a local carrier to accomplish carrier removal; multiplying a signal after the carrier removal with a data baseband signal and a pilot baseband signal respectively to accomplish code removal; processing a signal after the code removal with integration-and-dump to obtain a coherent integration result of each branch; using the coherent integration results to accomplish data-bit flip detection and calculation of probability-weighting factor; acquiring a data-pilot joint carrier tuning-amount, and tuning the carrier numerically controlled oscillator by the carrier tuning-amount to realize data-pilot joint signal carrier tracking; and acquiring a data-pilot joint code tuning-amount, and tuning the code numerically controlled oscillator to realize baseband signal tracking.

Abstract: A wearable terminal may include: a terminal mode determination unit configured to determine any one of a plurality of terminal modes based on a use state of the terminal; an information output unit configured to display navigation information; a layout database configured to store a layout to be displayed on the information output unit, in response to each of the terminal modes; and a control unit configured to extract a layout corresponding to the determined terminal mode from the layout database, construct navigation information according to the extracted layout, and output the navigation information through the information output unit.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece includes a pointing hand, a distance display hand, a magnetic sensor, a GPS receiver receiving GPS time information from a GPS satellite, a storage unit storing ephemeris data of the GPS satellite, and a control unit generating positional information of the electronic timepiece using the GPS time information received by the GPS receiver and the ephemeris data stored in the storage unit and executing navigation using the pointing hand and the distance display hand based on the positional information, an output of the magnetic sensor, and destination site information. When the ephemeris data is stored in the storage unit and then a first predetermined time equal to or less than a valid period of the ephemeris data elapses, the control unit receives the ephemeris data using the GPS receiver and updates the ephemeris data stored in the storage unit to ephemeris data received using the GPS receiver.

Abstract: A light converting nanoparticle represented by Chemical Formula 1, AXx??Chemical Formula 1 wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, A comprises an alkaline metal element, an alkaline-earth metal element, or a combination thereof, X comprises a halogen element, and x is 1 or 2 and is selected such that Chemical Formula 1 is electrically neutral, and a dopant substituted for a portion of A, wherein the dopant comprises Tl+, In+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Ag+, Cu+, Eu2+, Mn2+, or a combination thereof, wherein a content of the dopant is less than 15 mole percent, based on a total moles of A, wherein the light converting nanoparticle has a particle diameter of less than or equal to about 100 nanometers, and the light converting nanoparticle has a structure, cubic structure, an orthorhombic structure, a rhombic dodecahedron structure, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting sensitive electronics in a gamma radiation detector tool configured to be disposed in a borehole. The apparatus comprises a scintillator crystal and a photomultiplier tube disposed in either a single or individual housings. The housing(s) are bordered by springs configured to dampen axial vibrations. The housing(s) may be dampened from lateral vibrations by a lateral shock reducer on a sleeve that circumscribes the housing(s). The method comprises dampening axial and lateral vibrations to the crystal/photomultiplier during a drilling operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an X-ray detector. The X-ray detector includes the first and second gate lines arranged to be spaced apart from each other on a substrate, a data line and a bias line that are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a direction intersecting the first and second gate lines, and define a unit pixel area, a storage capacitor that is arranged in the unit pixel area and has one end connected to a ground, a phototransistor that is turned on by a reset signal applied to the first gate line and provides a signal generated by an incident light source to the storage capacitor, and a thin film transistor that is turned on by a gate signal applied to the second gate line to provide a charge stored in the storage capacitor to the data line.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for analyzing an electron beam including a circular sensor disk adapted to receive the electron beam, an inner semi-circular slit in the circular sensor disk; an outer semi-circular slit in the circular sensor disk wherein the outer semi-circular slit is spaced from the first semi-circular slit by a fixed distance; a system for sweeping the electron beam radially outward from the central axis to the inner semi-circular slit and outer second semi-circular slit; a sensor structure operatively connected to the circular sensor disk wherein the sensor structure receives the electron beam when it passes over the inner semi-circular slit and the outer semi-circular slit; and a device for measuring the electron beam that is intercepted by the inner semi-circular slit and the outer semi-circular slit.

Abstract: A portable radiographic image capturing apparatus includes a radiation conversion panel configured to output image information on the basis of applied radiation, a casing housing the radiation conversion panel therein, and a plurality of support members on which the radiation conversion panel is supported in the casing. The support members have slot structures housing wires therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reconstructing an incident energy spectrum for a detector are disclosed. In this method, an object to be inspected is illuminated with rays, and then rays transmitted through the object to be inspected are received by the detector to convert the received rays into data of a detected energy spectrum. The incident energy spectrum for the detector is reconstructed based on the data of the energy spectrum using a statistical iterative algorithm with a pre-established detector response function. With the above solution of the embodiments, the incident energy spectrum for the detector can be more accurately acquired, thereby reducing a distortion of the incident energy spectrum caused by the detector.

Abstract: An acoustic vector sensor (“AVS”) includes one or more sensitive elements arranged in an orthogonal configuration to provide high-sensitivity directional performance. The one more sensitive elements may be seismometers arranged in a pendulum-type configuration. The AVS further includes a hydrophone.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes continuously combining seismic migration results using a massively parallel processing (MPP) database. In another aspect, an apparatus includes electronic hardware circuitry configured to continuously combine seismic migration results using a massively parallel processing (MPP) database. In a further aspect, an article includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores computer-executable instructions. The instructions cause a machine to continuously combine seismic migration results using a massively parallel processing (MPP) database.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to methods, systems, and machine-readable media for interference attenuation of a residual portion of seismic data, such as may be recorded in a marine seismic survey. Recorded seismic data can be separated into a portion attributed to a source and a residual portion. Seismic interference attenuation can be performed on the residual portion.

Abstract: System and method for generating discrete dithering sequences DSi for marine seismic sources Si in a marine acquisition system. The method includes determining a number N of the seismic sources Si to be fired; calculating a dithering sequence DSi for each source Si such that when any two consecutive source activation Sk and Sl, where l=k+1, are selected, a combination DSkl of their dithering sequences DSk and DSl is a uniform random low-discrepancy sequence; and driving each source Si with the corresponding dithering sequence DSi to generate blended seismic data.

Abstract: Various embodiments include apparatus and methods to utilize signals acquired from a multi-component induction tool operating in a wellbore. The acquired signals can be correlated to apparent conductivity of a formation and mapped to components of an apparent conductivity tensor. For each receiver array operated by the multi-component induction tool, a combination of these components from the acquired signals can be generated. Combinations generated from different receivers of the multi-component induction tool can be mixed together. From such combinations, data, with respect to evaluation of formation around the wellbore, can be generated. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for evaluating a volume of an earth formation wherein the volume comprises a fluid-saturated rock matrix including clay particles. Methods include making measurements of complex permittivity at a plurality of frequencies using an electromagnetic tool in a borehole penetrating the earth formation; and estimating a plurality of parameters of interest simultaneously using the measurements at the plurality of frequencies and a mixing model accounting for electrical effects on the measurements caused by the clay particles. The plurality may include at least: i) water saturation; and ii) resistivity of formation water. Parameters of interest may comprise at least one of: i) an electrical parameter of the volume; and ii) a textural parameter of the volume. Methods may include modeling for electrical effects caused by at least one of: i) a surface conductivity of the clay particles; and ii) a textural property of the clay particles.

Abstract: The invention discloses an air-ground integrated geomagnetic field combined observation method and system. The method comprises the following steps of validating local geomagnetic field model parameters using the geomagnetic field data collected by a mobile earth station before the geomagnetic field survey mission is executed; getting a dynamic model along the flight path using the geomagnetic field data collected by the airborne console over the flight path and the model parameters when the geomagnetic field survey mission is executed; getting a measuring error model along the flight path using the attitude measuring error obtained by the airborne console when the aircraft flies as per the preset attitude; getting the estimation of the geomagnetic field data collected over the flight path in a geographic coordinate frame using the dynamic model and the measuring error model.

Abstract: A tape format magnetoelastic resonator device comprises a continuous ribbon of amorphous magnetic material having a plurality of separate, hinged magnetoelastic resonator strips formed from the ribbon, linearly displaced along a longitudinal axis of the ribbon, wherein each magnetoelastic resonator strip is configured to couple to an external magnetic field at a particular frequency and convert the magnetic energy into mechanical energy, in the form of oscillations.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to components having an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or article. The present disclosure is also directed to articles of manufacture including the component having an optical element, and methods for making components and articles having an optical element that imparts structural color.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a light source unit, a light guide plate including a light exit surface, a bottom surface, a light incident surface, an opposite surface, and first and second side surfaces connecting the light incident surface and the opposite surface and being opposite to each other, a first refractive layer disposed on the light exit surface and having a refractive index lower than that of the light guide plate, an optical member between the display panel and the light guide plate, and an protective member covering at least one of a side surface of the optical member and at least a portion of a side surface of the light guide plate corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A method for modifying the refractive index of an optical polymeric material. The method comprises continuously irradiating predetermined regions of an optical, polymeric material with femtosecond laser pulses to form a gradient index refractive structure within the material. The optical polymeric material can include a photosensitizer to increase the photoefficiency of the two-photo process resulting in the formation of the observed refractive structures. An optical device includes an optical, polymeric lens material having an anterior surface and posterior surface and an optical axis intersecting the surfaces and at least one laser-modified, GRIN layer disposed between the anterior surface and the posterior surface and arranged along a first axis 45° to 90° to the optical axis.

Abstract: An auto focusing lens includes an active lens including a lens body including electroactive polymer and a transparent electrode at least partially coated on a surface of the lens body, and a controller controlling the focus of the active lens by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A “multicube” retroreflector may include “nested” corner cubes. Such a design combines the ease of fabrication of conventional corner cubes (e.g., stamping from a sheet) and the ability to easily and densely package them with a greater range of angles over which light will be reflected back towards the source. Such multicube retroreflectors may reflect 50% more light than corner cube retroreflectors. A retroreflector, or an array of retroreflectors, may be used as part of a communication system. A modulated retroreflector or an array thereof can form the basis of a unique communication system. For instance, by using a modulated retroreflector, or an array of such retroreflectors, a host system (e.g., an aircraft) can receive data from a remote system (e.g., a drone, an air-dropped sensor package, etc.) in a way that is difficult to intercept, and minimizes the power, computation, and antenna pointing requirements for the remote system.

Abstract: This imaging device comprises: an image sensor which converts an optical image, captured by pixels arranged in an array on an imaging surface, into an image signal and outputs the image signal; a modulation unit which is provided to a light-receiving surface of the image sensor and modulates the intensity of light; and an image processing unit which carries out image processing on an output image output by the image sensor. The modulation unit has a grating substrate and a first grating pattern formed on a first surface of the grating substrate facing a surface of the image sensor near the light-receiving surface. The grating pattern is configured from a plurality of concentric circles having pitches which are inversely proportional to the distance from the origin point of at least one reference coordinate, the concentric circles do not overlap with each other within the grating pattern.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating slanted surface-relief structures are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method for of fabricating a target slanted surface-relief structure, such as a nanoimprint lithography (NIL) mold or a slanted surface-relief grating, includes manufacturing a preliminary surface-relief structure that includes a plurality of ridges and modifying a parameter of the preliminary surface-relief structure to make the target slanted surface-relief structure. The parameter includes a width of each of the plurality of ridges, a height of each of the plurality of ridges, a surface energy of the preliminary surface-relief structure, or a slant angle of an edge of the plurality of ridges. Modifying the parameter includes depositing a material layer on the preliminary surface-relief structure and etching or surface-treating the material layer.

Abstract: An optical element includes a conversion layer and a metal piece layer. The conversion layer is provided with a light-incidence surface including an uneven surface, the conversion layer being configured to receive light incident on the uneven surface and output the light from the uneven surface as light in a different state than the incident light. The metal piece layer is configured by a plurality of metal pieces to cover at least part of the uneven surface.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have low transmission of a primarily reflected/absorbed polarization (e.g. low Ts). The WGP can comprise an array of wires on a substrate and a stack of thin films between the substrate and the array of wires. The stack of thin films can include a first layer closest to the substrate, a second layer over the first layer, and a third layer over the second layer and closest to the array of wires. An index of refraction of the first layer can be greater than an index of refraction of the substrate, an index of refraction of the second layer can be greater than the index of refraction of the first layer, and an index of refraction of the third layer can be less than the index of refraction of the first layer.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to broadband, glass optical polarizers and to methods for making the glass optical polarizers. The glass optical polarizer includes a substantially bubble free fusion drawn glass having two pristine glass surfaces and a plurality of elongated zero valent metallic particle polarizing layers.

Abstract: Provided are: an optical Elm that has a good appearance, small in-plane retardation Re, and large thickness-direction retardation Rth; and a method for producing such an optical film. Also provided is a multilayer optical film that uses the optical film, that exhibits little change in retardation as a result of wavelength, and that has small retardation at low wavelengths. The optical film is obtained by sandwiching a melted resin between a first cooling roll comprising an elastic metal roll and a second cooling roll comprising a non-elastic metal roll and molding said melted resin. The optical film has a good appearance, the absolute value of the in-plane retardation Re thereof is 10 nm or less, and the thickness-direction retardation Rth thereof is 40 nm or more.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition of the present invention has favorable solubility, and an optically anisotropic body using the polymerizable composition is unlikely to discolor and is excellent in heat resistance and light resistance. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable composition and an optically anisotropic body using the polymer. The present invention relates to a polymerizable composition which includes a compound having at least one mesogenic group and satisfying an expression represented by Expression (1), and which satisfies an expression represented by Expression (2). 0.

Abstract: A lighting device installed in a vehicle for optimized light distribution includes a substrate having quantum dots which are adapted to emit light, a reflecting layer which may be arranged on the bottom side of the substrate, and a transparent layer which may be arranged on the top side of the substrate.

Abstract: A holder has a support structure in which a groove is formed and is sized to receive therein a side of a waveguide that is fixed in position next to a surface of the groove. The groove runs in a longitudinal direction, along the length direction of the waveguide. The holder a) reflects, diffuses or absorbs some of the out-coupled from the side of the waveguide, or b) wavelength converts some of the out-coupled light, to produce side illumination that emerges from a side of the holder. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: Lens device that includes converging lens having light output surface being spaced apart along lens axis from light input surface. Converging lens has total internal reflection side surface being spaced apart around lens axis and having frusto-conical shape extending between light input and output surfaces of the converging lens. Portion of light input surface of converging lens includes light input cavity being bounded by perimeter and having central axis and being generally shaped as portion of spheroid. Light input cavity has plurality of grooves each respectively following spline along light input surface that intersects with central axis of light input cavity and with respective point on perimeter, wherein each of respective points are mutually spaced apart around perimeter of light input cavity. Lighting system including lens device.

Abstract: A multiview backlight and a multiview display employ multibeam elements configured to provide a plurality of light beams having different principal angular directions corresponding to different view directions of the multiview display. The display includes multiview pixels that include sub-pixels. A size of the multibeam element is comparable to a size of a sub-pixel in a multiview pixel of the multiview display.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light guide plate, a backlight module and a display device. The light guide plate comprises a light conversion layer, the light conversion layer is arranged at a light emitting plane of the light guide plate for receiving a first light and converting the same to at least a second light to emit. According to the aforesaid aspect, the present invention can improve the display effect of the display device by making the emitted light have a better diffusivity and a larger brightness view angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a louvre lighting unit which contains a plurality of louvre cells for beam shaping the lighting unit light. The plurality of louvre cells comprises a plurality of n subsets, each comprising a respective plurality of m louvre cells. The louvre cells of each subset are configured as a domain of adjoining louvre cells, wherein a respective plurality of k louvre cells within each domain have mutually differing louvre cell cross-sections.