Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for articulating elongate flexible structures such as catheters optionally include an array of fluid-expandable bodies such as balloons. A user may alter a bend characteristic of the flexible structure by manually moving a handle of a pump. The pump may induce a flow of inflation fluid into a subset of the expandable bodies, and the resulting expansion can change a bend characteristic of the flexible structure. The pump may comprise a threaded syringe pump, one or more balloon that is manually compressed by movement of the handle (so that the balloon acts as a displacement pump), a multi-axis displacement pump (optionally with laterally offset piston-cylinder assemblies coupled to the handle to induce laterally offset bending of the flexible structure), or the like, providing easily-modulated articulation with a low-cost, light-weight, and/or at least partially disposable user interface.

Abstract: A catheter device having a distal tube portion having a longitudinal axis and a tube wall comprising at least one side port; and a guide tip mounted on the distal tube portion, the guide tip defining: a unitary body having an outer wall, and a plurality of indentations in the outer wall, wherein the indentations are oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, and wherein each indentation extends from a distal-most end of the guide tip to a proximal region of the guide tip.

Abstract: A sutureless chest tube adhesion assembly configured to quickly and easily anchor a chest tube is described. The assembly generally comprises a notched flexible substrate adapted to adhere to human skin 415. A chest tube incision in a notched region of the substrate provides an entry point for the chest tube which is anchored to the substrate by way of an intermediate flexible membrane that covers and adheres to the chest tube and substrate. The intermediate flexible membrane has a matching notched region adapted to accommodate the chest tube. The chest tube and incision are adapted to be covered by a transparent cover sheet which covers and adheres to a portion of the substrate, the intermediate flexible membrane and to a portion of the human skin 415.

Abstract: A catheter system and method of introducing an intravenous catheter into a patient includes a syringe, an access needle, a pliable catheter, and a guidewire. The syringe has a first chamber and a distal syringe end portion, which defines a conduit distally extending to a distal syringe opening such that the conduit fluidly connects the first chamber to the distal syringe opening. The access needle defines a needle lumen longitudinally extending therethrough and is secured relative to the distal syringe end portion. The pliable catheter is releasably secured relative to the access needle. The guidewire distally extends through the conduit toward the distal syringe opening and is configured to selectively move through the conduit, the distal syringe opening, and along the needle lumen to thereby guide movement of the pliable catheter relative to the access needle for introducing the pliable catheter into the patient.

Abstract: An access device places a medical article within a body space of a patient. The device has a needle that includes an elongated body and a needle hub. The device further includes a dilator disposed on and slideable along the elongated body of the needle and a medical article. The medical article is disposed on and slideable along the dilator. A track extends in a proximal direction from the dilator. The needle hub slides along at least a portion of the track between a first position and a second position. The device further includes a locking mechanism operably disposed between the track and the needle hub so as to inhibit further axial movement of the needle in the proximal direction when the needle hub is in the second position.

Abstract: An access device places a medical article within a body space of a patient. The device has a needle that includes an elongated body and a needle hub. The device further includes a dilator disposed on and slideable along the elongated body of the needle and a medical article. The medical article is disposed on and slideable along the dilator. A track extends in a proximal direction from the dilator. The needle hub slides along at least a portion of the track between a first position and a second position. The device further includes a locking mechanism operably disposed between the track and the needle hub so as to inhibit further axial movement of the needle in the proximal direction when the needle hub is in the second position.

Abstract: A non-vascular lumen guide wire, comprising a mandrel (1) and a ball head (2) prepared with a metal material, wherein an outer diameter of the insertion end of the mandrel (1) is smaller than the outer diameter of the non-insertion end of the mandrel; the insertion end of the mandrel (1) is connected to the ball head (2), a plastic coating layer (3) is wrapped around the outer side of the mandrel (1), the outer diameter of the ball head (2) is larger than the outer diameter of the insertion end of the plastic coating layer (3), and the outer diameter of the ball head (2) is not larger than the non-insertion end of the plastic coating layer (3). The guide wire, by means of using a ball head (2) with a diameter slightly larger than the plastic coating layer (3) at a far end, may effectively avoid the defects that the guide wire falls off in actual use, or the plastic coating layer (3) at the far end easily rolls up when inserted.

Abstract: A contour of a cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of a wire 2 is a circle having a diameter of D. An imaginary circle 4 which is concentric with the circle of the contour of the wire 2 and has a diameter that is ¾ of the diameter D, is assumed. On the imaginary circle 4, a first measurement point M1, a second measurement point M2, a third measurement point M3, a fourth measurement point M4, a fifth measurement point M5, a sixth measurement point M6, a seventh measurement point M7, and an eighth measurement point M8 are assumed. A Vickers hardness (Hv) is measured at each of the eight measurement points. A standard deviation ? of the eight measurement values is not greater than 10. The average of the eight measurement values is preferably not less than 670 and preferably not greater than 770.

Abstract: Described in one aspect is a multi-pressure monitoring system for cell or other therapy includes a first catheter having a first lumen for accepting a treatment device, a second lumen for inflating a balloon, a pressure sensor for monitoring fluid pressure within the first lumen, and a flow restrictor such as a hemostasis valve for limiting the exchange of fluids into and out of the first lumen while treatment devices are present or exchanged in the first lumen. Also disclosed is a method of using the first catheter with a first pressure monitor coupled to the first pressure sensor along with a second catheter attached to a second pressure sensor coupled to a second pressure monitor. The second catheter is positioned within the first lumen of the first catheter during treatment operations and the first and second pressure monitors are used to verify proper pressures throughout the procedure.

Abstract: A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

Abstract: A device and system for flushing a shunt catheter utilizes the available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flush a blocked catheter. The CSF is pressurized to a predetermined amount and then allowed to suddenly, rapidly and forcefully purge any occlusions. The rapid release of CSF produces flow jets from the catheter pores into the ventricle. This impulse, or “cough”, will push and divert choroid plexus and/or other blockages away from the pores. The device and system may then be allowed to refill at a slow rate, thus reducing the possibility of rapid suction of fluid back into the system and the attendant possibility of drawing the choroid plexus back into the pores. The catheter at the proximal end may also include back-up pores that can be opened to restart flow from the ventricle should the primary pores remain blocked after a flushing attempt.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating biologic fluids are disclosed. Some disclosed embodiments may be used to filter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a human or animal subject, heat CSF to a target temperature, cool CSF to a target temperature, apply light treatment to CSF, separate cells via their dielectric properties, apply spiral and/or centrifugal separation, introduce additives to target particles, and/or apply combinations thereof. The method may include the steps of withdrawing fluid comprising CSF, treating the fluid, and returning a portion of the treated fluid to the subject. During operation of the system, various parameters may be modified, such as flow rate.

Abstract: Certain embodiments according to the present invention provide sleeve devices suitable for a wide range of therapeutic uses. In accordance with certain embodiments, the therapeutic sleeve device includes a nanofiber fabric assembly, which defines a plurality of pores, and at least one layer of cells embedded in the nanofiber fabric assembly.

Abstract: A microneedle array is provided comprising a repeating pattern of different length microneedles.

Abstract: A releasable coupling mechanism for coupling a delivery catheter and a dilator. The delivery catheter comprising a first mating member at the proximal end and the dilator comprising a second mating member at the proximal end. The proximal end of the first mating member comprises a first coupling means for releasably receiving a second coupling means which is positioned at a distal end of the second mating member. The first mating member further comprising a coupling member the coupling member comprising a pair of engagement members positioned on opposing sides of the coupling member and configured to releasably engage the second coupling means. The first mating member further comprising at least one indicia perpendicular from the pair of engagement members. The indicia indicate an orientation of the first mating member such that the second mating member disengages from the coupling member by simultaneously deflecting the pair of engagement members.

Abstract: Devices and methods can be used to treat dermatologic disorders using low dose DC electroporation. Such electroporation is essentially non-thermal modulation. In some implementations, the devices and methods described herein can be used for anti-aging treatments. In some implementations, the devices and methods described herein can be used for detecting/screening of various types of skin cancers. In some implementations, the devices and methods described herein can be used for therapy delivery for the treatment of early or pre-malignant skin cancers.

Abstract: A garment worn by the patient is provided. The garment has a first module electrically connected to a second module. The first module has a first sub-control unit electrically connected to a first electrode and a second electrode placed at a first muscle of the patient and a third electrode and a fourth electrode placed at a second muscle. The sub-control unit is electrically connected to a master unit. The first muscle is stimulated with a first stimulation signal without shortening the first muscle by sending the first stimulation signal to the first electrode placed at the first muscle. The stimulation of the first muscle relaxes the second muscle. A measuring unit (U1) of the master unit determines a first current value flowing from the first electrode through the first muscle to the second electrode and sends the first current value to a central processing unit (CPU).

Abstract: A garment worn by the patient is provided. The garment has a first module electrically connected to a second module. The first module has a first sub-control unit electrically connected to a first electrode and a second electrode placed at a first muscle of the patient and a third electrode and a fourth electrode placed at a second muscle. The sub-control unit is electrically connected to a master unit. The first muscle is stimulated with a first stimulation signal without shortening the first muscle by sending the first stimulation signal to the first electrode placed at the first muscle. The stimulation of the first muscle relaxes the second muscle. A measuring unit (U1) of the master unit determines a first current value flowing from the first electrode through the first muscle to the second electrode and sends the first current value to a central processing unit (CPU).

Abstract: A system for stimulating body tissue may include a user interface and a control unit. The control unit may include a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to identify an electrode combination and determine a threshold charge for use in stimulating the body tissue. The processors identifications and determinations may be based at least partially on input received via the user interface.

Abstract: In some examples, an implantable medical device (IMD) that includes a pulse generator comprising a housing, electrodes, and circuitry configured to deliver cardiac pacing via the electrodes. The IMD may further include a lead including at least one of the electrodes, an elongate body, a fixation helix, and a connector segment. A width of the helix transverse to a longitudinal axis of the lead is greatest at a distal end of the helix. A proximal end of the elongate body may be connected to a distal end of the pulse generator, and the helix may be attached to a distal end of the elongate body. The pulse generator may include a first connector tab. A distal end of the connector segment may be configured to receive the proximal end of the elongate body and a proximal end of the connector segment may include at least one second connector member configured to engage the first connector tab.

Abstract: The invention, in one aspect, relates to an intravascular electrode system. The system comprises one or more electrodes supported on an elongated resiliently flexible support member, and the support member may be used to introduce the electrodes into a blood vessel. As the support member is introduced into the blood vessel the support member bends to follow the path of the blood vessel.

Abstract: A method for anchoring a sensory nerve stimulator (SNS) lead to the anatomy of a patient, the method comprising: providing an anchor assembly comprising: a body having a distal end, a proximal end, a longitudinal axis extending between the distal end and the proximal end, a bore extending through the body substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, a flexible finger extending distally within the body, the flexible finger being formed by a recess formed on one side of the body and a U-shaped slot formed on the opposing side of the body, wherein the distal end of the finger is spaced from an opposing portion of the body; and a suture having a first end and a second end, the suture extending through the bore of the body, forming a loop adjacent to the body, back through the bore of the body, passing through the recess and extending out of the U-shaped slot; forming an opening through the dermis and the superficial fascia; positioning the body of the anchor anterior to the thorocolumbar fasc

Abstract: A Wearable Cardiac Defibrillator (WCD) system is configured to be worn by a patient who carries a mobile communication device. The mobile communication device has a user interface that is configured to enable the patient to enter wireless inputs. The WCD system includes a communication module that is configured to establish a local comlink with the mobile communication device. The WCD system also includes a tethered action unit that has a user interface configured to enable the patient to enter action inputs. The WCD system can perform some of its functions in response to the action inputs or to the wireless inputs. Since the wireless inputs can be provided from the mobile communication device instead of the action unit, the patient is less likely to attract attention when entering them, and thus exhibit better compliance.

Abstract: An ingestible capsule, a medical probe and method provide for in-vivo treatment of bacterial cells in the human body. A capsule body or a medical probe has at least two electrodes, a power supply, and a controller. The controller controls the delivery of non-ionizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) to targeted bacteria within the human body for an exposure time and at an exposure location, initiating death in the bacterial cells.

Abstract: An intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface (280) is configured to be implanted in a nucleus pulposus (42) of an intervertebral disc (30), and a plurality of extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces (44) is configured to be implanted outside the nucleus pulposus (42), in electrical communication with the intervertebral disc (30). Control circuitry (50) separately controls at least two of the plurality of extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces (44), and to repeatedly alternatively assume: (a) a pressure-increasing mode of operation, in which fluid is electroosmotically driven into the nucleus pulposus (42) to increase pressure in the intervertebral disc (30), by applying a first mean voltage of less than 1.23 V between the exposed electrode surfaces (280, 44), and (b) an oxygen-generating mode of operation, in which oxygen is generated within the nucleus pulposus (42) by electrolysis, by applying a second mean voltage of at least 1.23 V between the exposed electrode surfaces (280, 44).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses (systems, devices, etc.) for treating biological tissue to evoke one or more desirable biological and/or physiological effects using pulsed electric fields in the sub-microsecond range at very low electric field strength (e.g., less than 1 kV/cm) but at high (e.g., megahertz) frequencies.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a wearable strap device comprises a glove worn on a user's hand and a conductive pad detachably coupled to the glove. A medium/low frequency current generator may be electrically connected with the conductive pad and configured to output a first medium/low frequency current to the conductive pad according to a signal input by the user to contract a wrist muscle for a preset time.

Abstract: Provided are an electrical stimulation device configured so that a correspondence among finger motion and electrodes can be clarified in a short amount of time regardless of the state of attachment to a user's arm and an individual difference and an intended finger can be driven at high accuracy with very few erroneous operation and an electrical stimulation system using the electrical stimulation device. When an electrode probability matrix in which a Bayesian posterior probability indicating an electrode-finger correspondence is described as an element is updated in a host, the position of an element positioned on the upper left side of the electrode probability matrix and indicating that finger motion occurs is compared to rearrange the columns of the electrode probability matrix as necessary.

Abstract: A motor device for stimulating muscle, including at least one electrode for generating electric current operatively attached to an electrode array and exposed on an inner surface of an array body, and a programming mechanism of a computer that executes an algorithm stored on non-transitory computer readable medium and includes an information storage mechanism and a user-operated interface in electrical connection with said at least one electrode for programming operation of said at least one electrode, said motor device being implanted in an individual and applying electric current to nerves at an area above an area of neurological damage.

Abstract: In some examples, electrical stimulation is delivered to a patient such that selective termination of the stimulation causes a therapeutic effect in the patient after termination of the electrical stimulation to the patient. The electrical stimulation may be insufficient to produce a desired therapeutic effect in the patient during stimulation, but sufficient to induce a post-stimulation desired therapeutic effect following termination of the stimulation. In some examples, the electrical stimulation may be sub-threshold electrical stimulation. In some examples, the desired therapeutic effect may alleviate bladder dysfunction, bowel dysfunction, or other disorders. The stimulation may be selectively terminated in response to one or more therapy trigger events to induce the post-stimulation therapeutic effect.

Abstract: A method includes delivering, via a first stimulation element and during a treatment period, stimulation to an upper airway patency-related nerve to cause contraction of upper airway patency-related muscles. The method also may include delivering upon detecting central sleep apnea behavior, via a second stimulation element and during a treatment period, stimulation to a central sleep apnea-related nerve. The method also may include delivering the stimulation to the upper airway patency-related nerve independently of a decisional process and trigger to deliver stimulation to the different central sleep apnea-related nerve.

Abstract: Electrode structures for transvascular nerve stimulation combine electrodes with an electrically-insulating backing layer. The backing layer increases the electrical impedance of electrical paths through blood in a lumen of a blood vessel and consequently increases the flow of electrical current through surrounding tissues. The electrode structures may be applied to stimulate nerves such as the phrenic, vagus, trigeminal, obturator or other nerves.

Abstract: A method for treating chronic nociceptive pain of knee osteoarthritis comprising the steps of: placing a first set of electrodes in contact with the skin on the inner side of the knee on the path of the infrapatellar nerve; and generating a first electrical signal with a signal generator and applying said first signal to the first set of electrodes so as to produce external, i.e. non invasive, electrostimulation of the infrapatellar nerve of the knee.

Abstract: Systems and methods of use for guiding the flow of energy through a subject to stimulate tissue.

Abstract: The inventive concept refers to a system, a method, and a computer program for providing training for pain improvement. According to an exemplary embodiment, a training providing method for pain improvement includes requesting, by a computer, a temperature providing device to provide a first temperature to a first body point, requesting, by the computer, the temperature providing device to provide a second temperature to a second body point, requesting a user to select a temperature matched with a specific condition among the first temperature and the second temperature, and calculating a correct answer rate after performing a trial of distinguishing between the first temperature and the second temperature by a predetermined number.

Abstract: The invention provides methods related to improving heart function.

Abstract: A control system for a movement reconstruction and/or restoration system for a patient, comprising at least one sensor, at least one controller, at least one programmer, at least one stimulation system, wherein the controller is connected with the sensor, the programmer and the stimulation system, wherein the sensor is part of or attached to a training entity in order to create and/or guide a movement model for a patient and/or adjust stimulation settings based on sensor input.

Abstract: A control system for a movement reconstruction and/or restoration system for a patient, comprising a sampling module configured and arranged to sample signals describing directly and/or indirectly motion at a sampling rate of at least 50 Hz; at least one stimulation system configured and arranged to provide stimulation for movement reconstruction and/or restoration to the patient; a prediction module configured and arranged to provide a prediction of at least a next movement, especially movement stage and/or sequence, to reduce latency and to synchronize stimulation to the movement phase, wherein the control system further comprises at least one controller, the controller being configured and arranged to provide stimulation control signals to the stimulation system on the basis of the information obtained by the sampling module and the prediction provided by the prediction module.

Abstract: A control system for a movement reconstruction and/or restoration system for a patient, comprising a CNS-Stimulation Module, especially an EES-Module, configured and arranged to provide CNS-Stimulation to a patient, and/or a PNS-Stimulation Module, especially an FES-Module, configured and arranged to provide PNS-Stimulation to a patient, a controller configured and arranged to control the CNS-Stimulation Module and/or the PNS-Stimulation Module, and at least one sensor configured and arranged to measure at least one parameter indicative of the movement of at least one limb and/or part of a limb of a patient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photosensitive arrays comprising a plurality of photosensitive elements disposed in or on a suitable substrate. The photosensitive arrays are useful as implants, in particular as retinal implants. Methods for manufacturing such arrays are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a cortical visual prosthesis. The cortical visual prosthesis includes an implanted portion and an external portion. The implanted portion includes an implanted coil, electronics package, and a plurality of electrodes adapted to stimulate neural tissue. The implanted coil transfers power and data to the electronics package and the electronics package drives the electrodes. The external portion includes a video processor and a pair of glasses adapted to be supported by a user's nose and ears. The glasses include a support adapted to hold an external coil in close proximity to the implanted coil when implanted; the external coil supplies power and data to the implanted coil.

Abstract: A method comprising detecting an epileptic event in a patient; applying an electrical therapy to a first target area in at least one of a brain region or a cranial nerve of said patient in response to said detecting; receiving a body signal responsive to the electrical therapy, wherein said body signal is selected from an autonomic signal, a neurologic signal, a metabolic signal, an endocrine signal, or a tissue stress marker signal; determining whether said body signal indicates that said electrical therapy has an efficacious effect; and terminating the application of said electrical therapy if the response indicates that the electrical therapy has an efficacious effect. An apparatus capable of performing the method. A non-transitive, computer-readable storage device for storing data that when executed by a processor, perform the method.

Abstract: Methods and systems for assisting a patient to reprogram parameters of an implantable medical device, such as a spinal cord stimulator, are disclosed. A patient may use an external controller, which may be either a dedicated device or a personal computing device, to interact with their implantable medical device and evaluate the efficacy of their therapy. If the efficacy diminishes, the patient may use their external controller to adjust either the neural dosage (i.e., frequency, pulse width, and/or amplitude) and/or the location at which stimulation is provided. A reprogramming assistant is provided, which guides the patient in adjusting their stimulation using their external controller. The patient may use supra-perception or sub-perception stimulation for the adjustment. The implantable medical device may include pre-programmed “rescue programs” to assist the patient in recovering the efficacy of their therapy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing split stimulation currents in a pulse generator. In one embodiment, a current regulator of the pulse generator includes a digitally-programmable analog voltage generator coupled to a first input of an error amplifier that receives a second input controlled by a programmable resistor network configured to control a programmable total stimulation current output. A plurality of current splitting switches are operative to split the programmable total stimulation current output into a corresponding plurality of split current segments, which may be individually mapped to a selected set of lead electrodes across one or more implantable leads associated with the pulse generator.

Abstract: New waveforms for use in an implantable pulse generator or external trial stimulator are disclosed which mimic actively-driven biphasic pulses, and which are particularly useful for providing sub-perception Spinal Cord Stimulation therapy using low frequency pulses. The waveforms comprise anodic and cathodic pulses which are effectively monophasic in nature, although low-level, non-therapeutic charge recovery can also be used.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system for use with electrodes to modulate a volume of neural tissue may include a waveform generator and a controller. The waveform generator may be configured to be electrically connected to the electrodes and provide an electrical waveform through at least some of the electrodes to provide a neuromodulation therapy. The controller may be configured to use a program to control the waveform generator to deliver a neuromodulation therapy by delivering both a fast-acting sub-perception neuromodulation and a slow-acting sub-perception neuromodulation. The fast-acting neuromodulation has a wash-in transition period less than a first time duration, and the slow-acting sub-perception neuromodulation has a wash-in transition period more than a second time duration, the second time duration being longer than the first time duration.

Abstract: New waveforms for use in an implantable pulse generator or external trial stimulator are disclosed which mimic actively-driven biphasic pulses, and which are particularly useful for issuing low frequencies pulses. The waveforms comprise at each electrode interleaved first and second pulses. Each first pulse comprises a first monophasic pulse and a first passive charge recovery period. Each second pulse comprises a second monophasic pulse with a polarity opposite the first monophasic pulse and a second passive charge recovery period. Preferably, the amplitudes and pulse widths of the first and second monophasic pulses are equal, or at least charge balanced at each electrode. The first and second monophasic pulses mimic the functionality of a symmetric biphasic pulse, with the first monophasic pulse mimicking the functionality of the biphasic pulse's first phase, and the with the second monophasic pulse mimicking the functionality of the biphasic pulse's second phase.

Abstract: Methods and systems for programming stimulation parameters for an implantable medical device for neuromodulation, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are disclosed. The stimulation parameters define user-configured waveforms having at least a first phase having a first polarity and a second phase having a second polarity, wherein the first and second phases are separated by an interphase interval (IPI). By delivering user-configured waveforms with different IPIs, stimulation geometry, and other waveform settings, therapeutic asynchronous activation of dorsal column fibers can be obtained.

Abstract: An implantable assembly is described for acquisition of neuronal electrical signals at a selected location which propagate along at least one nerve fiber contained in a nerve fiber bundle, as well as for selective electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve fiber, having: an implantable electrode assembly (E) which is disposed on a biocompatible support substrate which can be positioned around the nerve fiber bundle in a cuff, which has a cylindrical support substrate surface (i) which in the implanted condition is orientated facing the nerve fiber bundle, on which a first electrode assembly for locationally selective acquisition of the neuronal electrical signals and selective electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve fiber, and on which a second electrode assembly is disposed to record an ECG signal, and an analysis and control unit (A/S) which can be electrically conductively connected or is connected to the implantable electrode assembly (E), in which the locationally selective acquired neuron

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for, under control of one or more processors within an implantable medical device (IMD), delivering cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) at one or more pacing sites. The processors obtain cardiac signals, associated with a candidate beat, from multi-site left ventricular (MSLV) electrodes distributed along a left ventricle and analyze the cardiac signals to collect at least one of a MSLV conduction pattern or a MSLV morphology. The processors compare at least one of the MSLV conduction pattern or MSLV morphology to one or more associated templates. The processors then label the candidate beat as a pseudo-fusion beat based on the comparing and adjust the CRT based on the labeling.