Abstract: The invention relates to drawn articles selected from fibres, tapes, yarns, staple fibres and continuous filaments, the articles comprising a polypropylene having a melt flow index in the range from 0.1 to 4.9 g/10 min as determined according to ISO 1133, condition L, at 230° C. with a load of 2.16 kg.; a xylene soluble fraction of at most 0.8 wt %, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene as determined in accordance with ASTM D542-98 ; a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn ranging from 2.0 to 5.0; and a melting temperature Tm of at most 155° C. as determined according to ISO 3146. The invention also relates to the process to produce such drawn articles.

Abstract: A polymer includes a repeating unit represented by at least one of Formula 1a or Formula 1b: wherein, in Formulae 1a or 1b, CY1 is a group represented by at least one of Formula 1-2 or Formula 1-4, CY2 is a group represented by Formula 1-3, and L1, L2, a1, and a2 are defined the same as in the specification, and in Formulae 1-2, Formula 1-3, or 1-4, X, Y, R1, R2, R11 to R14, b1, b2, R21, R22, b21, b22, Z1, Z2, c1, and c2 are defined the same as in the specification.

Abstract: A method of making functional polyisobutylene (PIB)-containing oligomers and polymers. By the disclosed method, the synthesis of functional PIB-containing polymers can be achieved directly under cationic polymerization conditions and does not include any post-polymerization reactions. The desired functionality is introduced by direct Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) reaction using substituted phenyl ring carrying desirable functionalities that do not react with Lewis acid but have weak association with Lewis acid, which still allow living polymerization and EAS reaction under living cationic polymerization conditions. In the disclosed method functional polyisobutylene or isobutylene containing oligomers and polymers can be prepared using stoichiometric or near stoichiometric ratios of the capping or functionalization reagent to polymer end-chain.

Abstract: An ethylene-based polymer formed from reacting at least the following: ethylene and at least one asymmetrical polyene, and wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator; and wherein the at least one asymmetrical polyene is selected from Structure A, as described herein; Structure B, as described herein; or a combination of Structure A and Structure B.

Abstract: A process for producing an ethylene copolymer, the process including: (a) contacting ethylene with at least one polar comonomer in the presence of at least one modifier and at least one free radical initiator in a tubular reactor under polymerization conditions including a pressure of from 225 to 270 MPa; (b) injecting the at least one free radical initiator into the reactor at a plurality of reaction zones spaced along the length of the reactor, wherein each reaction zone comprises an inlet and an outlet; (c) maintaining the temperature at the inlet of each reaction zone at 150° C. or less, and the temperature at the outlet of each reaction zone is at least 177° C.; (d) controlling the modifier flow at a rate of from 0.02 to 0.986 wt % of the copolymer; and (e) recovering the ethylene copolymer from the tubular reactor, is provided.

Abstract: A suspension process for preparing an acetoacetyl functional polymer and the acetoacetyl functional polymer made from the process suitable for aldehyde abatement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the preparation of photoaligning polymer materials comprising aryl acrylic acid ester groups, to photoalignment compositions obtained by this process, to the use of the composition as orienting layer for liquid crystals and to non-structured and structured optical elements, electro-optical elements, multi-layer systems or in nanoelectronics comprising the compositions.

Abstract: A polymerizable multifunctional antimicrobial monomer includes a quaternary ammonium cation group, wherein the quaternary ammonium cation ion group is bonded to functional groups and anions having structures chosen from the groups in which structure a) includes functional groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and anion X and structure b) includes functional groups R1, R3, R4, R5 and anion R2, and in which structure a) is one of an ammonium monomer adhesive (AMadh) configuration and an ammonium monomer silane (AMsil) configuration, and structure b) is an ammonium monomer miscible (AMmis) configuration.

Abstract: A novel synthetic functionalized backbone polymer is provided which is a polyanionic side-chain functionalized back-bone polymer comprising a hydrophilic backbone polymer functionalized with an activated alkene or epoxy group. The functionalized backbone polymer may be combined with a free or protected thiol-containing compound to form a crosslinked hydrogel having bio-medical application, and may additionally be combined with a hydrogel matrix to yield a hydrogel system useful for in vivo delivery of cells and other therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A crosslinking agent includes a compound represented by a formula (1), wherein R1, R2, and R3 are independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a plurality of R1 are identical to or different from each other, a plurality of R2 are identical to or different from each other, and a plurality of R3 are identical to or different from each other, provided that at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is a hydrogen atom, and at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-containing group; m is an integer from 2 to 6; l is an integer from 0 to 2; and each hydrogen on the benzene ring(s) may be substituted.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to polyurethane dispersions. In one example, a polyurethane dispersion can include a polyurethane with a polymeric ionic side chain and a polymeric non-ionic side chain. The polyurethane can be formed of polymerized monomers including a diisocyanate, a first polymeric diol, and a second polymeric diol. The first polymeric diol can include a first polymer chain replacing a hydrogen atom of a thiol group of a 1-thioglycerol molecule. The first polymer chain can include a block of a polymerized ionic group-containing vinyl monomer. The second polymeric diol can include a second polymer chain replacing a hydrogen atom of a thiol group of a 1-thioglycerol molecule. The second polymer chain can include a block of a polymerized non-ionic vinyl monomer, and the second polymer chain can be devoid of ionic groups.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a flexible polyurethane foam having suspended within its matrix particles of silicon dioxide, SiO2. The particles of silicon dioxide are interspersed within the polyurethane matrix and protrude from the surface of the foam. These particles form an abrasive surface and the produced foam finds use as a cleaning material. The foam includes the use of a pre-polymer polyol formed by the reaction of triol polyol having a molecular weight of from 700 to 8000 with a polyisocyanate and a tin catalyst. The produced foam is much more durable than commercially available melamine foams and is an effective cleaning foam.

Abstract: The present invention discloses silylated polyurethanes obtainable by reacting at least one polyols, at least one polyisocyanates, at least one silicon-containing heterocycle of the general formula (I): wherein R1 is hydrogen; R2 and R3 are same or different and are, independently from one another, selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl or C6-C18 aryl residue which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom; R4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene residue which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom; R5 and R6 are same or different and are, independently from one another, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl or C6-C18 aryl which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom, and a C4-C8 cycloalkyl, or R5 and R6 may form a ring, preferably a 4- to 8-membered alkyl ring; and n is 0, 1 or 2, their preparation methods, curable composition

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyisocyanate (P) of general formula (I), the method for preparing polysisocyanate (P) of general formula (I) and the use of polyisocyanate (P) of general formula (I) as crosslinking reagent in clearcoats. The method for preparing polyisocyanate (P) of general formula (I) comprises the reaction of a reaction mixture (RM), which comprises at least one cyclic isocyanate of general formula (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe) and/or (IIIf) and at least one alcohol having at least two hydroxyl groups, to obtain polyisocyanate (P) of general formula (I).

Abstract: An additive comprising an active; the interfacial polymerization reaction product of a (poly)isocyanate and a polyamine; a copolymer having maleic anhydride-based repeat units and either or both of olefinic or styrenic-based repeat units; wherein at least a portion of the maleic anhydride-based repeat units are neutralized. A method of preparing an additive comprising providing an oil phase comprising an active, a solvent, a (poly)isocyanate; providing an aqueous phase comprising water and an emulsifier; mixing the oil phase and the aqueous phase to provide an emulsion; providing a polyamine to the emulsion; providing an aqueous dispersion or solution comprising a copolymer having maleic anhydride-based repeat units and either or both of olefinic or styrenic-based repeat units; wherein at least a portion of the maleic anhydride-based repeat units are neutralized; and cofeeding the emulsion and the aqueous dispersion or solution to a spray dryer.

Abstract: A novel sulfanilamide containing epoxy resin composition capable of fast curing without negative impact on glass transition temperature or mechanical performance.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to synthesis of porous polymer networks and applications of such materials. The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating of a porous polymer network comprising: (a) providing: (i) a first reactant comprising a plurality of compounds comprising at least one acetyl group, said plurality of compounds comprising at least one compound type, and (ii) a second reactant comprising an alkylsulfonic acid, and (b) creating a solution of said reactants, (c) casting said solution in a form, and (d) treating said solution under such conditions so as to produce a porous polymer network.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer composition comprising: (A) at least one semi-crystalline polymer, and (B) a stabilizer composition comprising: (1) at least one primary antioxidant comprising at least one phenolic antioxidant; and (2) at least one secondary antioxidant comprising at least one phosphite, and (3) at least one chain extending agent; wherein the b* value for said polymer composition is less than 10 according to the L*, a* and b* color system of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) after being heated for at least three hours at 200° C. or 24 hours at 175° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semi-crystalline mixture of polyester polyols which recrystallises upon melting and which can be obtained by polycondensing a reaction mixture comprising one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having an even number of at least 8 methylene groups, and one or more diols selected from aliphatic diols which have at least one ether function. The invention also relates to a polymeric material which is obtained from the chemical modification of the mixture of polyester polyols with organic compounds which contain at least one isocyonate group and/or epoxide group. The mixtures and materials according to the invention are characterised by relatively low melting enthalpies, while the melting temperature can be set in a range of ?30 to 60° C., meaning that it is possible to obtain easily fusible formulations containing the mixtures and materials according to the invention.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin (A) including, in its main chain structure, a unit (i) having a biphenyl group, a unit (ii) having a substituent biphenyl group, a unit (iii) having a specific number of atoms in its main chain, and a unit (iv) having a specific number of atoms in its main chain provides a thermoplastic resin which has a low liquid crystal phase transition temperature and a low isotropic phase transition temperature, is highly thermally conductive, and can be processed by molding at a low melting temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester film and a preparation method thereof. The polyester film is formed of a polyester resin having a specific content of isosorbide and diethylene glycol introduced therein, containing a low content of oligomer, and exhibiting a specific intrinsic viscosity, thereby exhibiting excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance and chemical resistance, and good heat sealability.

Abstract: This invention relates to hybrid polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethane. The hybrid polyols of the present invention is derived by copolymerizing or grafting a traditional polyester polyol onto a natural oil polyol. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the traditional polyester polyol grafted onto natural oil polyol contains a high level of bio-renewable content. The hybrid polyols of the present invention with high level of bio-renewable content is useful in the manufacture of polyurethane either alone or in combination with polyester polyol or polyether polyol derived from petrochemical sources.

Abstract: Provided is a copolycarbonate comprising a first repeating unit of Chemical Formula 1, a second repeating unit of Chemical Formula 2, and a terminal capping group of Chemical Formula 3: Also provided are a method of preparing the copolycarbonate and a molded article including the copolycarbonate.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification reaction at a reactor temperature of 160 to 300° C. and a reactor pressure of 5 to 200 mbar, comprises a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from the top; a stirring shaft disposed within the cylindrical tank along an axis thereof so that it is rotatable from outside of the cylindrical tank; an impeller extending from the stirring shaft in the cylindrical tank and comprising a plurality of blades; a reactant solution inlet; a reaction solution outlet; and an externally located heat exchanger in fluid communication with the cylindrical tank via a recirculation stream and a heated stream. The reactor can be used for the polymerization of a polycarbonate oligomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the synthesis of (per)fluoropolyether polymers and to certain novel (per)fluoropolyether polymers. The present invention also relates to the use the (per)fluoropolyether polymers thus obtained, as intermediate compounds for the manufacture of further polymers suitable for use as lubricants, notably for magnetic recording media (MRM).

Abstract: Alkoxylated compounds are disclosed herein, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are formed from compounds derived from natural oils, such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and fatty alcohols. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated compounds are used as surfactants for making synthetic polymers by emulsion polymerization. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated compounds are used as surfactants for making synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated compounds are used as surfactants in a composition for treatment of gas or oil wells, for cleaning applications, for use in various laundry-related applications, for use in personal care compositions, or for use as solvents for coating applications, such as reactive and non-reactive waterborne coating applications.

Abstract: A method for treating a shear-thinning residue composition deriving from the synthesis of an aryl ether ketone, the residue composition including a liquid fraction and solid residues, the method including the steps of: passing said shear-thinning residue composition through a shear-generating evaporating device, between a rotating part and a stationary part; and recovering a condensed liquid fraction and separately recover concentrated solid residues.

Abstract: Cyclic imino ether polymers, such as polyoxazolines or polyoxazines, having a low polydispersity index can be obtained in a tubular flow reactor by applying a sufficiently high linear flow velocity of the reaction mixture in the tubular flow reactor, such as a flow velocity of least 100 cm/min or at least 120 cm/min. Also, methods to control the polydispersity of a cyclic imino ether polymer during polymerization are provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel polyamines with formula (I), obtained by the reaction between piperazine and an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol, n being in the range 2 to 100, R1 being equally either an H or an alkyl radical containing between 1 and 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical having the following general formula (II): R2 being equally either an H or an alkyl radical containing between 1 and 6 carbon atoms; two R2 may be connected together via a covalent bond in order to form a cycle if they are alkyl radicals. The invention also concerns their preparation method and their use in an absorbing solution based on amines in order to selectively eliminate H2S from a gaseous effluent containing H2S and CO2.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a multi-anhydride, a polyimide, a method of making a dianhydride, a method making a multi-anhydride, a method of making a polyimide, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyimide film showing a low stress change rate on a silicon wafer. The present invention can minimize cracks which are formed due to the stress change of polyimide, in a process for depositing an inorganic film on a polyimide substrate at a high temperature, and thus can reduce electrical property degradation such as a recoverable residual image and decrease in current of a flexible display.

Abstract: A family of new and novel molecules for mechanically superior two-dimensional (2D) polymers is described herein. By combining stiff carbon-containing cyclic polymer nodal units with more compliant linear polymer bridge units in an ordered, 2D repeating molecular structure it is possible to tailor the mechanical properties of 2D polymers and their assemblies to provide high stiffness, strength, and toughness. Furthermore, the inherent dimensionality of 2D polymers and their ability to be stacked into ordered and chemically interactive ensembles gives them inherent benefits in a variety of barrier and structural applications over current stiff and strong linear polymer technologies.

Abstract: Copolymers having General Formula (I): in which R1 is chosen from divalent C4-C7 aliphatic groups and divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 4, a composition for preparing the poly(amide-imide copolymer, and an article including the copolymer, e.g., a film are provided: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 4, Ra, L1, L2, n1, A, R3, X, R10, R12, R13, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tin-free, room temperature curable silicone elastomer composition, wherein the uncured composition is a putty.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] The present invention provides a polysiloxane monomer which gives an ophthalmic device with excellent wettability and a method for preparing the same. [Means to Solve the Problems] The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (1) which has a linear polysiloxane structure at the end, a polymerizable group at the other end, and a polyether group or a hydrophilic group as a side chain bounded to a linking group which is represented by -(L1)a-CH-L2- in the formula (1) and exists between the polysiloxane structure and the terminal polymerizable group. The compound has excellent compatibility with a hydrophilic monomer, and the surface wettability of hydrogel obtained from the compound as a monomer is improved.

Abstract: Provided are rapidly cross-linkable silicone compositions, systems, kits, and methods for filling implanted medical devices in situ, the implanted medical devices, including for example, body implants and tissue expanders, the compositions including a platinum divinyl disiloxane complex; a low viscosity vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane; a low viscosity hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxane; and a silicone cross-linker, where the rapidly cross-linkable silicone composition has a viscosity of ?150 cPs for ?1 min. post-preparation and ?300 cPs?5 min. post-preparation, at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A platinum organosiloxane complex is prepared by a process including combining A) a platinous halide; B) a ketone; C) an enone additive distinct from any other starting materials or rearrangement products thereof; and D) a polyorganosiloxane having, per molecule, 2 to 4 silicon bonded terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having from 2 to 6 carbon. The platinum organosiloxane complex prepared by the process is useful as a hydrosilylation catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a carbonate-olefin-based copolymer including a polycarbonate block, an olefin-based polymer block, and a specific constituent unit.

Abstract: The present relates to a process for the depolymerization of lignin using chemicals recoverable by the soda or kraft mill recovery cycles. The process involves the use of sodium hydroxide or white liquor to depolymerize lignin in black liquor or other lignins (e.g. hydrolysis lignin, kraft lignin) by conducting the reaction at 170-250° C. for up to 3 hours in the presence or absence of a co-solvent and a capping agent. The depolymerized lignin is then obtained by acidifying the reaction products to a low pH to precipitate the de-polymerized lignin, followed by particle coagulation, cake filtration and washing with acid and water to obtain a purified depolymerized lignin product.

Abstract: Lactose-derived hydrogels include at least lactose and methacrylic anhydride. A method of preparing lactose-derived hydrogels includes copolymerizing lactose methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and sodium methacrylate using light-induced photopolymerization. Polymerization proceeds in the absence of a photoinitiator. No volatile organic compounds or waste are produced by the method. The lactose may be provided by a milk permeate waste stream from the dairy or food processing industry.

Abstract: Doubly-crosslinked hydrogel polyHIPEs (DC-PHs), which exhibit rapid water absorption, enhanced mechanical properties, and shape memory behavior, are provided herein, as well as processes of producing the same and uses thereof. DC-PHs comprise a continuous HIPE-templated doubly-crosslinked hydrogel, formed from hydrogel-forming monomers, ligand-bearing monomers, and crosslinking monomers.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of partly crystalline polycondensate pellet material which comprises the step of crystallizing the pellet material in a second treatment space (6a) under fixed bed conditions by supply of energy from the exterior by means of a process gas, wherein the process gas has a temperature (TGas), which is higher than the sum of the pellet temperature (TGR) and the temperature increase (TKR) which occurs due to heat of crystallization released hi the second treatment space (6a), i.e., (TGas>(TGR+TKR)). The pellets at the exit from the second treatment space (6a) have an average temperature (TPH), which is 10 to 90° C. higher than the sum of the temperature of the pellets (TGR) and the temperature increase (TKR) which occurs due to heat of crystallization released in the second treatment space (6a), i.e., (TGR+TKR+90° C.)?TPH?(TGR+TKR+10°).

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyurethane composite material. The present invention uses coffee powder in the polyurethane material, so the obtained polyurethane composite material not only meets the requirement on mechanical property of the polyurethane material, but also has an excellent adsorption effect. Furthermore, by the use of moisture adsorption and deodorization characteristics of coffee grounds, the intrinsic chemical odor of a polyurethane product can be reduced and the polyurethane material has an aromatic odor of coffee; and the polyurethane material prepared by the invention has the strong adsorption function, and thus can remove the external odor, can make a space using the polyurethane product more fresh, and takes the environment purifying effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a masterbatch for use in a process of preparing a composite material comprising a blend of a first semi-crystalline polymer with at least 5 wt % carbon nanotubes. Good dispersion of the carbon nanotube is obtained within the masterbatch and evidenced by the blending of the masterbatch with a second semi-crystalline polymer miscible with the first one in respective proportions to obtain a composite material containing about 1 wt % of carbon nanotubes wherein said composite material yields an agglomerate area fraction U % lower than 2 and a surface resistivity lower than 105 ohm/sq.

Abstract: A method for forming a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite by distributing carbon fibers or nanotubes into a molten polymer phase comprising one or more molten polymers; and applying a succession of shear strain events to the molten polymer phase so that the molten polymer phase breaks the carbon fibers successively with each event, producing reactive edges on the broken carbon fibers that react with and cross-link the one or more polymers. The composite shows improvements in mechanical properties, such as stiffness, strength and impact energy absorption.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may include a method of reducing leaching from a fiber-containing composite. The method may include forming an aqueous dispersion of fibers. The method may further include applying a binder composition to the aqueous dispersion of fibers to form a binder-fiber mixture. The binder composition may include a carbohydrate, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a catalyst that catalyzes the reaction between the carbohydrate and the nitrogen-containing compound. The catalyst may be water soluble before curing but water insoluble after curing. In addition, the method may include curing the binder-fiber mixture to form the fiber-containing composite.

Abstract: Nanocellulose-reinforced cellulose fibers can increase the strength of hardwood fibers or agricultural-residue cellulose fibers, to simulate the strength of softwood fibers in pulp or pulp products (including composites). In some variations, the invention provides a method of reinforcing cellulose fibers, comprising providing cellulose fibers derived from hardwoods, agricultural residues, or a combination thereof; providing a source of nanocellulose comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals; and reinforcing the cellulose fibers with the nanocellulose to increase strength of the cellulose fibers. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose is obtained from fractionating biomass in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid phase; and then mechanically refining the cellulose-rich solids to generate the nanocellulose.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a polyimide film. The method includes: providing a polyamic acid copolymer including at least a semi-aromatic polyamic acid obtained by reacting cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic (CBDA) with an aromatic cyclic diamine; and adding dehydrating agent and a pyridine catalyst having an ortho substituent into the polyamic acid copolymer to carry out a chemical imidization reaction of the polyamic acid copolymer to prepare a polyimide film.

Abstract: A method for forming a cover film includes applying a composition including a first polymer and a solvent on a surface of a base material to form a coating film. The base material includes a surface layer which includes a first region and a second region having a surface condition that differs from a surface condition of the first region. The coating film is heated. A portion of the coating film is desorbed with a rinse agent after the heating. The portion is formed on the second region of the coating film. The first polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1), or includes a monovalent organic group which bonds to at least one end of a main chain of the first polymer and which includes a nitrogen atom.